Philosophical Logic (from the Ancient Greek: ??????

, logike)[1] is the use and s

tudy of valid reasoning.[2][3] The study of logic features most prominently in t
he subjects of philosophy, mathematics, and computer science.
Logic was studied in several ancient civilizations, including India,[4] China,[5
] Persia and Greece. In the West, logic was established as a formal discipline b
y Aristotle, who gave it a fundamental place in philosophy. The study of logic w
as part of the classical trivium, which also included grammar and rhetoric. Logi
c was further extended by Al-Farabi who categorized it into two separate groups
(idea and proof). Later, Avicenna revived the study of logic and developed relat
ionship between temporalis and the implication. In the East, logic was developed
by Hindus, Buddhists and Jains.
Logic is often divided into three parts: inductive reasoning, abductive reasonin
g, and deductive reasoning.