Cng ngh phn mm

Phm vi ca cng ngh phn mm

Ging vin: TS. Nguyn Mnh Hng
Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng (PTIT)

Ni dung tham kho t

Stephen R. Schach. Object-Oriented and Classical
Software Engineering. Seventh Edition,
WCB/McGraw-Hill, 2007

Kha cnh lch s (1)

Nm 1968, NATO nhm hp c tm
gii php thot khi khng hong phn
mm:

Phn mm hon thnh v chuyn giao tr

thi hn

Vt chi ph d on

Vn cn tim tng li

Kha cnh lch s (2)

D liu thng k t
9236 d n phn
mm nm 2004:

Kha cnh lch s (3)

Kho st nm 2000 trn cc cty phn mm:

78% d n c tranh chp u kt thc bng

kin tng
Vi cc d n b kin:

67% d n b kin do chc nng khng ng

yu cu khch hng

56% d n b kin v di hn giao sn phm

qu nhiu ln

45% d n b kin l do cn li nghim trng

n mc sn phm khng s dng c
5

Kha cnh lch s (4)

S khng hong phn mm khng th gii quyt
dt im:

N cn c th tn ti lu di

Hin nay vn cha c d on chnh xc thi

im kt thc

Kha cnh kinh t

Xem xt kha cnh kinh t ca cc tnh hung:

C ngn ng lp trnh mi, c nn dng ngn

ng mi ny cho d n?

C cng c phn tch thit k mi, d dng

hn, c nn s dng cho d n?

C cng ngh code/test mi, c nn ng dng

vo d n?

Kha cnh bo tr (1)

M hnh vng i pht trin phn mm:

V d: m hnh thc nc (waterfall)

Kha cnh bo tr (2)

Cc dng bo tr:

Bo tr sa cha (corrective)

Bo tr pht trin (perfective)

Bo tr tng thch (adaptive)

Kha cnh bo tr (3)

Khi no th coi mt hnh ng l ca pha bo tr?

nh ngha c in (da trn thi gian): mt

hnh ng l ca pha bo tr khi n thc hin
sau khi bn giao v ci t sn phm
V d:

Nu mt li c pht hin sau khi bn giao

phn mm th vic sa li l ca pha bo tr

Nu cng li nhng c pht hin trc

khi bn giao phn mm th vic sa li thuc
pha ci t
10

Kha cnh bo tr (4)

Khi no th coi mt hnh ng l ca pha bo tr?

nh ngha hin i: mt hnh ng l ca pha

bo tr khi n lm thay i phn mm v l do
hon thin hay tng thch
V d:

Nu khch hng b sung thm yu cu t pha

phn tch, thit k hay ci t th vic thay i
s c coi l bo tr sn phm

11

Kha cnh bo tr (5)

Tm quan trng ca pha bo tr:

Phn mm khng tt th s b vt b, ch
khng c bo tr

Ch nhng phn mm tt mi c bo tr, thi

gian bo tr c th 10- 20 nm, c th c i

Bn thn phn mm l mt cng c h tr,

hoc phng tin lm vic, do n s thay
i thng xuyn theo yu cu cng vic

12

Kha cnh bo tr (6)

Thi gian (chi ph) cho bo tr lun chim t trng
ln nht:

(a): 1976 1981

(b): 1992 - 1998

13

Kha cnh bo tr (7)

Thi gian (chi ph) cho cc pha gn nh khng thay
i nhiu:

14

Kha cnh bo tr (8)

Chi ph tng quan gia cc pha:

Nu gim 10% chi ph cho pha ci t s

gim c c khong 0.85% chi ph cho d
n

Nu gim 10% chi ph cho bo tr s gim

c 7.5% chi ph ton b d n!

15

Kha cnh phn tch- thit k (1)

Nguyn tc c bn:

Li c pht hin cng sm th chi ph sa

li cng thp!

V ngc li!

16

Kha cnh phn tch- thit k (2)

V d:

17

Kha cnh phn tch- thit k (3)

V d (tt):

18

Kha cnh phn tch- thit k (4)

sa mt li pht hin sm trong cc pha yu
cu, phn tch, v thit k:

Ch cn thay i ti liu cc pha tng ng

sa mt li pht hin mun trong ci t hoc
bo tr:

Ln ngc li cc pha trc sa li ti liu

Sa li code v phn tch thit k b sa

Test li phn sa/ test phn tng thch vi

phn cn li

Ci t li h thng cho khch hng

19

Kha cnh phn tch- thit k (5)

Thng k cho thy:

60-70% li pht hin ra l nm trong cc pha

yu cu, phn tch, v thit k

Nhng thi im pht hin ra cc li y l

trong pha ci t v bo tr
V d ca cng ty Jet Propulsion Laboratory:

1.9 li/ trang c t (specification)

0.9 li/ trang thit k

0.3 li/ trang code

20

Kha cnh phn tch- thit k (6)

Kt lun:

Phi ci thit cht lng ca pha ly yu cu,

phn tch v thit k

Pht hin li cng sm cng tt

Gim thiu tng s li pht hin ca ton d n

21

Kha cnh nhm pht trin

C th:

Pht trin mt phn mm ln, vi ch mt

ngi lm tt c cc khu!
Nhng, phn mm thng pht trin bi mt nhm
pht trin:

Vn tng tc, tch hp gia cc modul

Vn giao tip v cng tc gia cc thnh

vin ca nhm

22

Kha cnh lp k hoch

Cu hi:

Ti sao khng c pha lp k hoch?

Tr li:

...

23

Kha cnh kim th

Cu hi:

Ti sao khng c pha kim th (test)?

Tr li:

...

24

Kha cnh lm ti liu

Cu hi:

Ti sao khng c pha lm ti liu?

Tr li:

...

25

Kt lun
pht trin c mt phn mm khng d dng:

Cc vn v kinh t

Cc vn v k thut

Cc vn cho mi giai on pht trin

Cc vn v con ngi
Vi mc ch:

Pht hin li cng sm cng tt

Gim thiu c s lng li

Gim thiu thi gian (v chi ph) pht trin

26

Questions?