Mghaber Fatima Zohra - Mag PDF

'( ) % &% #$ !"
1 . 2( .0 *+,- . /

*+,- . : 2("3 *4 56 78 /9!
?(=>3 2() ? @A :;+8
:BC3
:
:

@ @@iNNc
@aa@
b@ @@

$%
$"

!" #$
..
*
$"

!" #$
&'( !)" ..

$"

,,, #$
!+ ) .

+$

,,, #$
-(* . .
20112010 :

@ @;;;a@;a@;g
@ @;b@ac@@;g
@ @pa;;a@;mb;@;g
"aa@@g
@@
@c@ @ n@ b@ b@ a@ ba@ a@ @ a
@c@ u@ @ a@ @ @ m@ c@ g@ La@ ba
@Nbi@ g@ @ @ y@ @ pnua@ c@ *+y@ ,@ -m
@@ b2@ ja@ @ a@ *@ @ 2c@ c
@ @Nc@jz@e@
@ @Zg@a@bi@mc
@@ c@ a@ @ i@ na@ bn2a@ M
@ @Nmbum@zbi@a-r@bbc@a@
@b@ a@ a@ bna@ a@ jn@ b@ g@ M
@ @Na@p+na
@b@ aj@ Y@ a@ ALZINC@ +2@ b@ g@ M
@ @.mb
@bg@ @ i@ @ c@ k@ @ b2@ @ @ g@ M
@ @Na@g@ua^g@ana@a@a
@@

01..........................................................................................

:
05.....................................................................................................
06..................................................................................
06..............................................................

I

1I
06.................................................................................

11I

21I
11......................................................................
2I
15.............................................................................
3I
13......................................................................................

15.....................................................................................

17................................................................................

13I
23I
20...................................................................................
! "# II
21...........................................................................

!" #$%& 1II
21...........................................................................'#()

!
11II
23......................................................................'#()
29...............................................,%"
*+
!
21II
- ./ 012

!" 2II
29..................................................................... ./
29..............................................................,%"
012
12II
- 012

22II
30...........................................................................

30.....................'*6 )

!" 3 3II
7( 45
7( '*6 ) 45

!" 3 13II
31................................
=9
:;
<8$9

!" 3 23II
I

32 ............................................................... %
& ' ()# III
32.....................................................................................

33..........................................1A)
>?%" 1III
C
>?%" D& '#@A) *B.) 11III
35..................................................................
E?%
F! 21III
35.................................................................E?%

FG H 121III
31III
42..............................................................................B#J
K) 41III
40.......................................................................
I. ?
43..............................................................................

44..............................................................

46.....................................................
D& 4;#
2III
I% 1 I8L12III

IE& C 5M *B. 22III
49................................................................................
*+
./0 1 :, -

50......................................................................................................
51....................................................................................
53............................................................................... N)
1 I
*+
1I
54.................................................................................... N)
54..........................................................................

2I
OO

12I
55................................................................................:;

22I

%$122I
60...........................................PKK# :Q R:;

222I
57.....................................................................:;

66................................................................................BA%

67......................................................... N)
67.............................................................

C 5BU IST 3I

.) D& 'V!"#)
13I
69...............................................................(;@))
II

32I

.) B#." 113I

213I
73.....................................................................
.) % *B. 313I
72....................................................................
.)
74....................................................................J
- 9
23I
75.......................................................J

- 9
B#." 123I
- 9
223I
76.........................................................J
- 9
Y " 323I
79.................................................TPM Y " C I;.) I4.
423I
75.......................................................J

80...............................................................Z[
80......................Z[
0U4
'K\ 33I
0U N 4 N)

M I ) 133I
81..........................................Z[
0U N 4

'K\ :Q 233I
81................................................. -23
4)/ 5( 1 II
82.............................................................................5BU
82...........................................................(JIT)
84.........................................................^[
]%
E? 1II
^[ _ 9 ? '`J 11II
_ 9 ? :Q 21II
87..................................................................^[
_ 9 ? #$%& 31II

^[ _ 9 ? a4 ;8.
2II
89....................................................JIT 1Q YQ J
- 9
3II
88................................................:;

E? C J
&%
'# 1
J
- 9
a4 ;8.
13II
90...........................................................................................................JIT
92............................................................................./0
1 III
92.................................................................................b T
1III
b T 2III
94........................................................................b T +$ 3III
93...............................................................................
94.....................
)
IB#c
N 4 b T +$ 13III
III

95.............................!%B

de
`4 b T +$ 23III
97.............................................................................., -
*+
5 < =>? 7 85/9: 5" ; :6 -
98....................................................................................................
99............................................................................
99....................................................................f N

5 =>? I
b< & > 1 I

B#." 11 I
99............................................................................f N

100..................................................................f N

H %" 21I
100..........................................................................f N

Ic 31I
103...............................................................................f N

103................................................................

103..........................................................

BV 41I
bE& f g I 2I
bE& f g IB 1 12I
h) FB/ f N
112I
104.................................................................h) f f N
212I
104....................................................................h) *; f N
312I
103..................................................................
104....................................................

bE&M f N
IV 1 22I
I.)4 E:; K&\ 122I

105.......................................................i:!) I.E
; 4 K&\ 222I
106..............................................................................FE.
# 322 I
107...................................................................
b- K&\ 422I
107...................................................................
bE& $ 522I
105........................................................'K-)
107............................................................

bE& f g 32I
108..................................................................

bE& f g 0
3I
108................................................................................ j
IV
de
13I

de
B#." 113I
109......................................................... j de
N k#( 213I
110.............................................................. j de
IN 313I
110.................................................................... j de
l#Q 413I
111....................................................... j de
mB#
_nE%
513I
108.................................................................... j
114.....................................................................? T
$ B#? 23I
? T $ B#? 123I

115................................................? T $ B#? Y " ITd 223I
117.................................................................? T $ E? 323I
114.......................................................
$ E? o:p 423I

122...........................................? T $ E?M mB#
_nE%
523I
125..............Fr) j h 1 01< ? T $ E? _nq >c" 623I
118.....................................................? T
126.......................................................................................'Gs
33I
133I
127.....................................................................'Gs IN 233I
128..............................................................'Gs `4 -,E%
343 I
128........................Monte Carlo
G t N 4 'Gs 433I
126............................................................................'Gs
129.........................................................................
5 < II
1II
131................................................................
bE&
- 0
2II
130...................................................................................
u
131............................................................oN

132.......................................................a.

a.
12II

`1) mB#
6
112II
134................................................................... GANTT
135.............................................................
!J
FO
32II
136........................................................CPM
V
22II
_#U 1) 132II

137...........................................PERT
ve
.-# >c" 132II
138........................................................A C
4>' DE@ 8AB =>? III
] ; wVx 'K\ f g 1III

141............................................6
] ; wVx C >!O
4;#
0
2III
139..................................................6

141.........................................."EOQ"
BK ;T 0
EG _nq 12II
142.......................................................................0

'K&\ c 22II
143.............................................................................6 -
*+
1EC & ALZINC FGH : A :4&

144....................................................................................................
145...................................................................................... FG:
I# I
1Ay B#.
1I
147..........................................................ALZINC 1A) ! >?%
2I
151......................................................ALZINC 1A C a1O
E& 3I
145.................................................................ALZINC
153.................................................................. FG:
153 ........................................................- 9
7 J< /K L () II
?%
I-#x I8p 1II
153................................................................- 9
?%
I8p 11II
154.................................................................- 9
?%
I-#x 21II
cB#
2II
158 ......................................- 9 E.
z%@ I8 .
./ >L< F{ 3II
155................................................................................- 9
162 ................................................_ 9
YQ" D& I;

>L< #@ 13II
164................................................................. FG:
7 M III
.4 |8$9

'#:K 1III
169 .................................................... 1A)4

!" I 2III
164.................................................E?%

169.....................................................................
VI

I 12III

169....................................................................<8$9

112III
170........................................................................:;

212III
170 ........................................................................

170.............................................................'#()
172........................................................'#()

!" 22III

!" 122III
*+

!" 222III

!" Z=9 '#() *+ '#()

!" 1 F{ 322III
173......................................................................................................

1Ay
bE& f g 3III
179......................................................................6
] ; wVx *1" 4III
175.............................................ALZINC
182.............................................................................4&
*+
183.........................................................................................

N 5O '
"P 5O '
4<:
Q+:
VII

! " #$% &' ()*

+, -. / 0 "(1 2' .34 52 6 7 8, "%

7E -F> ?"@
3 A3% . -(* B CD .#9: 9: )" ;2<

. G(H 7' I
3 -FJ K
.L MC
N O
7E C2 &P M(2 C/
; 33B @ " X
0 7' -FY QR O
7E -FJ QR S9 TUV W7
^ " 2 _ ?ZU[B 8, K( \Y 7'R MC
N &2] (! O
7E -FJ "
. [1 _I
3 _[B _W7 _
-F% `* aFB (R b
cFU"
% 8]H ;C 7' X

Nf M(g
3 52 CP -[ 2' ;D Y .d'
O
7E eF FN 33%
i(! "(1 jC U.R `,D I
&
g '

7E hC2
nU" F'
PN "($ )
C)" kFB "(1 2' j lm Y .kVC \Y h"($
-(" o ;p ;C2 q 5!U B r< " 0 2' f s !9 oU
j ; K'P uB v C) +, X
.t X "(1 kFB -
B O
7E
w3 "B _2 x
. O
7E n$ " y ? vY o.UR _7% , "(1
7E
/Y O
7E $ ." " 2 O
7E $: -: C2% " 2C ; )"
o 2' 52 QC! x ?P `v 2 x
0 qF< F .1 \Y
zR ]<g" {q B (
" ;p 7[ &
R
7E k< 52B S!Z
R |
.(
K$% "(1
7E CR ?7P " vY -F(} !PF C2 7' C2
<3 -( ~"X V$ " .34R Q" "V3 Z[ 52 W \Y 33B (h b
&'" F ?. B CD 3 Z[ ; R ( Nf M(g
3 x7 \Y
2 ;]B K
." 52 WZC (h b ;R (2 (R .34 )CZ
&
" -@D [ 0 "t I
3N " 7' C2% ng
F(2E.
7
.ho7 &
gL .34 ; ;C @D
-1-

:

:
*E lo V$ " ^/ , J" Z3
!" #$ %& ' () *+ ,-

6/0! 12 3 45 ./$
:)R " 2 w3B -(2 52 RER M!7 3 *E +, V$ "
F'
PN .34 ;$F )
uB K(" " 7'R F'! " d'
W7 ; )P " (U
3N 7' 3.R F'! " G(H
7' C2B ( n -(C
C x3% b "
q U F " p dP @ Z
RP uB K(" " 7'
:70 89:
ZU 33% < (( bZ
b<[ ~) , Gs dU
~)
(( ( b!U
k@J 7( 3( 52 (C
8, I
~) 8W k@J
(qB SU } `v 2 U
&
ALZINC .34" U
7' 33
2B Iq Uo x.q `v 7' C2B n FC
2 0 C x3%
. q *E 52 RE rpR , .34 @)I

:;< ,
:fD ' RB \Y Gs C.P ^/ Gs M " }
7' q 33B <" :#= .">
U3B x7 \Y t b

7' M)<" ;'< , V$ "
3
7' W \Y A
7 )D3 [R 7' & \Y O7 )(B )
uB
.)2 RP
(U
3N 7' 33 :?@ .">
-2-

g # g ) L 7' 33 \Y ;'< , V$ " A
3
33 \Y A
3 #$% G(H d'
CW7:R g 7' 33 PV2 3
.)
[ <D U3B )")<L (U
3N
7' C2B ( n -(C
C x3% :; @ .">
\Y _(B _"@
." _
.L 7' C2B n ;'< , V$ " 3
)U3B )")<L 7' C2B ( \Y A
7 `v -(C
C x3% x7
.p dP @ -FY n
7 #$%
@pR ALZINC .34L 7( 3( :7A .">
.34" 52 8W k@J +B k@ n!.7 B ;'< , V$ " Z3
; pR t b
7E MW \Y A
7 .34 i(!
R NB M!3 q ALZINC
7' < dP \Y A
7 #$%
7E C k9B V
Uo Iq
x3% (qB SU \Y (C3 )< x7 \Y h33 bCW
(UR .34R
Uo x.s `v .34R 7' C2B n ;B " G ;'< / C
. .34R p dP @ #. <D <Y F @)I
t r
0 2%
:A , B
:b " )R " 7' ^/" ? 0 3( ;!
-F)* ; Og
-D," "O
7E & 52 9y 2' 7'" 8> F R RB " .34 #. C s ' F'
PN M #
.
.20052004 "J . (!R
52 #9: 2' .34 7' _U 8, 8H ( >RR MP 8,
.O
7E &
; Og
-D," " 2' .34 -FJ & 52 7' 9B" #U -C2 RB " .34 #. C s ' F'
PN M #
. -F)*
.20102009 "J . (!R R
-3-

& QR TUN 3(R , -FJ & 7' QR PV 3(R MP 8,
.#9:
K(" 7' -FJ
3 " @J 2' .34 I
" -F C/ F 7'" S@" *2 . @J " C2% -FY ^ F'
PN M #
. -F)* ; "(!"
.20032002 "J
-2" V$ "
7E C ~
-F C/ 7' F F 8,
.e K
.R >m hC . ?P

:;< ,AC2D
:\Y 33B d 0 ^/ , J" (2 R[ -(2
) (!
" 7'
0 U% B R pR k3 7' ^/"
0 d P q% xB z !
x7J
M(2 \Y 33B F 0 ;Z
3( C ] " 52 'H R[ . <
qN )!9
: B .J - = ECFC B0G 7H =I
:)" ^/ , J R ?F -(2 dF ( ?7D (!
"(1 {q
7E @)I
52 <H 7' _U 8, < ( 7' ^/" ? 0 F'
PN 3( P . C x3% M(g
3R 7' C2% ng
uB >RY < )U 0 u W7 ^/ , J ALZINC .34" 52 7
$ dP
" 324 (" 52
7E C #3 C
3R @C
0 .34 +, 7'
) " , b
7E n1 ^!7 M(2 C/ ;B " ( q 52 <H b2(
.
2% lV[Y V$ " wU 52 <H )" F 7' K$B ) "
.'D
" <<g @)I
R n xU.
0 NV
$N
-4-
:

:
!"#

;9' < )1 234 25- 6
7 89 :"% $%& '( )* $%& +,- . /0
)&
@0' "-D )' '
3
@0' <9 B6C) )%0= > )"?%
@0/
7
N"O P QRN
(L .....)*/, B75 ' IJ $ :KG( .....EF' .G
B*, > :S5 )*T( B 8' B UV06 )N )5% G

7 B%0= W >
)`,a b50 B K*GZ [, > B !'"\ ]^ _X4 Y06 )Z*' )*
.:^c d9 )J ]^= "&'
)e9 > fG NU'" g U% S0 h- -/*\ e )*i " RY'
RN' C'
j&/ :^-E' B`&/
*,3' B " ' @7,
n"3 +-e )*%4 :K* +*3#' )%4 k, ) :U"& k, )*l :U/i m7.)` )'' :^/ )U" )* )*/ B 8 BZ
' Y $N6 q/- r o,7 Ip9 :S5 )5% )*i o,

7 ' RN
:^/ v*3 )*, m0 +*5' )* :^-E s"t )*,7 o,7 W` )*u Gh` k,
.)*i
:)* )*00 U'w $ 'x0
i` RN '
G*T( t50( q d9 Y {U U/ ' )*i $/G` '- :)*i d9
" zI
.G4 "N('
.G/,0' NP d9 | :)*i o*7 zII
> )*i f*g k, :}= S- d9 _*4 ~ :G*, )& ' )*i f*g zIII
( k, )& ( )- 5 Û / q d9 /, $g' Y *g
7*Y ' )%0=
.*, > )*,V S-' )*i B "%' BZ0 '4 )*i
-5-
:

: I
SF Y +5% ^ " ' 2*? )*T(' )*i ( j, q-& j&' \
R j,' < )*, > *//7 B6 Z NU'^' I G/G` )4'
G*9 'g- 'SV7
' b/* f&`' U/G " @ ^ Y( f' $N6
*,3
j,' )*5 :g G*9 g )-î&6 BG j, _ :"@4 6 SF ( k,
.B6 U/N" YT9 - fG U^9 $" ^'" +*( d9 G* K* W*` '#
: !" # "$# 1I

)*P d9 <# 6 B "' B6C <9 k, :U"3 $" k, )*i ( )`%,4 $/3
*Z4 < ^ / U* ' f*i
\ .}( )*47 Be*\6 ' :"-" )&" \
:U' N ' P &5 46 o,{ 4 Y P QRN
k, ` I' ),7 )/g Y 46 :^-K B6 )*i ( 2*
.G*9 )G/ B UV06
: 11I
.)E )- Q"G' _-&' _- _g`\ )u . )*P :)u )*i
^"' B " k, ` )* Bx,i d9 )*i ), U'R ^/'
B*%c B /0 >' N"' . 1j} /% > 3 B "\' > )x,% B /3
)*i ), 4 OXFORD fZ q%\' .2i > )*i ), BE (.$./
' > _, ](To hold it ones handfZ m` q%\ ' Manu Tenere N
3
"*
.)*i,
-" s^ :U "\,i /,0 "34 /,% (
1950
i < B6 > j, ^ )U% )*3 B U/ )*i $/G` q ''
G' ' )J o&/ " ]l ]R P k, > i& "34 i SF'
1
Franois Monchy Maintenance mthode et organisation , Dunod, Paris, 2000, P : 04

Franois Monchy la fonction Maintenance ; Formation la gestion de la maintenance industrielle , Masson,
Paris, 1996, P : 17
03: )*7 q*0 )*i B*, "* Z3& Gg 0.^ 4

www.Kantakji.com/figh/files/manage/Maintenance.pdf
-6-
:

f- " Q^%4 ~ PX j74 P )4^ j )*i ( ](

si 7' .o&/ U 7 "' \ " 69 o 7
B55% 7 ' 4 ^%`
" ' )*- <8 $ "?0 )*i o-Ui 25 / )*V )* b " S7`
)*0"Y )/ / *\ ]"*,3 $/G` k, :P& [R )*i )`*'
-U ^9 "G jx5P(
*@i '( 0"G ^" d9 t "G- )*` ^/G '
vU' f*g > )-U ^ B-/% k,( d9
i- "& ]U ^9 /% _*, s - 7
.N^(' NP
7 )-U ^ _`@'
t B )*, \ /, 35e _* > :^" B5,3 )*i o- '
:)* o-U <U" )ii? )*'" B%0= q%x4 )*i
Association ) AFNOR X 60-010(dcembre1994) 2*, )*%` )* o- z
d9 :" :^9 '( ` % / N )*i (Franaise de Normalisation
1G )/, )"c +*3# h '( )*,*u G\
Comit Europen de )CEN WI 319-003(1997)2*, )*'U' )Z, o- z
:" :*\ :U'^ /e )-S*% ' )-U ^ )*3 / N )*i (Normalisation
2t )e/ )`*/ X Y % ) d9 ^9' Gg` )G/
:*\ :U'" )5 )*i ) ( ( N' )G :74 s( 'U' ' ( \'
.B "
`
( R` B*` -K N )*i 2*, -D "G o- z
3)/53 )\ d9 ^9 '( /53 ' > )-^ B ^// k,
d9 $g :^9 '( ` %-
/ N )*i Larousse fZ q%\ z
4)*,*u )
Groupe de rflexion et dorientation en maintenance Russir sa maintenance , dition Mare Nostrum1996

P : 14
2
Franois Monchy Maintenance mthode et organisation , op.cit, p: 07
181: 2006 Û / -E/ ' , )*, ]U'E* U ^ B*, :U ^9' < ]' K " ^.( 3
Franois Monchy la fonction Maintenance op.cit, p:15
-7-
:

)i > _ D- ' $/* Bx,i q%\ )*i $/G` * ' z
/% B5, ,
' B K*GZ ' )J )*P /N
DIN 31050
)*0*3 )*
1< f%3

:)ii? B*^ W > BÛ' )*i o-U W $"3 ( 7
)/ $ "?0 )@ )*,*u )\ > ' /P( k, )g4w d9 s" '
.)-î& )`,7 "3 :^'"w
_\9' ^, )*,*u ) k, )g4w '( :^9 k,
)`*/ N )*i z
3
.:%
Y )*i 7' NU79 7 6 )3*3\ QRN' )*0"N )*4 )*, N )*i 9 z
)& ' f*g ' 2*? )-U ^9 o@' '" G0Ur 7 6 )*i ( 89.)-U ^9 _'(
$%&( )*3' )*i +-4 .h( *4 B6i6 ' K4 / fg h4 ^ 4 K*`#' :^*&'
.)g
@0/ ' B K*GZ, )*,*u ) k, )g4w d9 s" )`*/ N )*i z

4
.< > )"?%
:J Gi*?, 7 )*00( U/( k, BKU )*i o-U fg ( "O'
.( )/ '(
)*i (1
._`*/ $*3, )*' _
P :^ s" ( (2
03: +0 )*7 q*0 )*i B*, "* Z3& Gg 0 .^ 1

2
3
4
G.Javel, Organisation et gestion de la production , Dunod, Paris, 3me dition, 2004, P : 164
H.Bernard, Entretient et maintenance , dition EYHOLIOS, Paris, 1974, P : 84
L.Robert, Pratique de gestion de la production , les ditions dOrganisation, Paris, 2me dition, 1985, p ; 61
-8-
:

G}'"\ &/ ),*V qZ @&'
o 7 h ( (3
.53%
ND-' )-î&6 :* :U'^' )*i ) ( 2- )*i, -" $/G` ' z
)\ )-^ B ^// k, )g4w )3, )*` ' )*0"Y ' )-U ^ lK"
", G*i' `P / f' )-î&6 *\ :U'^ q3' )*i )%0=,
RN k, (Terotechnology) //7'S P +,-' 1"G*, ^6 )*79
B ^// k, +5 )*0"Y ' )* ' )-U ^ B3*5 -K":_ s-' $/G`
", 5 ' B " ' i f*i' B`P / f' )-î&6 *\ :U'^ q3' )-^
" ' G5*' G5i $N6 h4.Y )E )*i . 9' G*, ^6 )*79
G*,
i B*5 k, ^6 Y "50 ' G*, B -/x . 9' Y0 )*\P
2
"G`*7' NEO ' G*i )*%7 )-Ru
7 $g )*i, g- ]R ' fg

" +`- ]R -" $/G` /N RN'
` ' )`,7' C W*`? )%0= > )g o,a +*%
.BZ :^/ k,
:I /
7 //7'S ,i */ 7'
152 : 1997 -E/ ' , NE U ^ "i f*g B*00(" ' C' *Y f*\ "5 "
16 : 2004 d' )5 ^ "u ,

@ ' U ^ ")D )*i :U ^9 > )V-" BN6 "V-" ^ =4 j7\ U.^ 2
-9-
:

* +&,-# .:(1I)%" &'
B " f*i
)/, )*` B`P /
K*GZ
q* ' qi
,` $ "?06
,` $ "?06 ' q* )% B/,
)*i B*, )% B/,

)*i B*,
"506 * )% B/,
)*i B*,
")D )*i :U ^9 > )V-" BN6 "V-" ^ =4 j7\ U.^:U"i

17: +0
)-"*,3 )*i Be k, i3 6 )*i B*, ( Q(
7 hB*G% f*i ' )- " ("5
Gx*,i' ]U'" o 7 > ),V
%x U 06 '
*u s'g )@ )*` B`P / '' &/ . 9' )*
)-( '(
*i` ' "506 ' )*i ( . ^( )*%7 )-Ru B*, QRN
.q0 j&/ > ),P B4 6 ) >' -/ > fN% ( Bg\
/ 0 1 2:N )*i )`*' /3 7 )3% f*N` k, ^6
-3 / %, 45 * #6 780 "98# :8;, < = >"56 + +
C78#D +E FG H9, I7 / J#+ KL, M : 8.+= 8% .0, ? @, A$$B
N7$= O% ? P + 7&#F
m` U )*, :* >
% Bx,i W d9 S v56 ) E'
P ' 7 G* *4 B4 6 h-' "506 z%x z"-"Z zP :
V
:)* )U3
- 10 -
:

j# $ "?0 )P )*4 ) )J /7 6'( )*i !"#:QR @7@#
"-" ( ) "&' P U'^ - I' )J b/* Gg )**5
/ S}
.:"-" )C $ "?0 ' "506 f- )-G >' P ' )*i U7 %#'
./ > $ "?0 )P )J
d9 P ' )*i
s"G-:S
"-"Z s"G- * 46 N :^-E s"t G*i " 35% :^" )*4 B U5
> :4/ 7 )*4 )*\P G@9 >
V )J k, B-" ^9 d9 %x '
:"-" )C \9 /G4 "506 ( 46 N :^-E d9 )4 ' G*i
B6J > )V-" B U/ 59 '( 06 S*u '( t
$g -"# s"t )@& )C
.*0"N' *4
k, %x ' "-"Z o*7 P ' )*i o*7 )U3 ":7&#
)*P o*7
)` /7 )*i o*7 ( h- ) 46 U "
o*7 D( "506 o*7 * %x ' "-"Z ( "'
5& P9'
8 $" )J $^3 )\ > o*7 [,
3' / m` )J "50 " "-"Z
.G7 * d9 ]^=*0 "506 U &
)`,7 ' K > )& ' 2*? q*0 )*i h 9 7:F %9 T$U#
P ( > :4/ SF )U" [8' "*5 " k, G s"Y // g
s"Y /' k, $/3- Y 2*?4 %x ' "-"Z (_}'"\ j&/ =5 )/i
.Si3 " k, G
%x ' "-"Z ' P ' )*i
)-N/ B4 ^/' "O
*,x RN
2,c k,
' _/G` q0- P
$ "?0 _ ql r "506 '
.fG* *4
: 7 !" # "$# 21I

o@/ NSF ,V g\ 7 ' > U5 / )*i 7
)5% G*, K* $" d9 )4 RN !/x5 ' +-/%
- 11 -
:

"*3 $"' )e%5 BK* B " ' B6J ( d9 U [8 ' )* B*,,
.1)G )*P ), "-
3 ^" )-^'"'
" )&" d9 j\ ' B6J ' B " B"3' %6 > i B("
( 3 > :^-E BZ _# B* ' :KG -/' )*i B*,
)0 ' | /0( 4 k, U/ RN "0'.)*0"Y \ / "*3 > T0 3 $"3 ' )
:U' d9 ^( r [8 )*i ) _'( *p > G,u,u' *//7 ^9 /
G7' < :U ^9 ),3% " $"3 Y :U ^9 U/G ."' )*i B*, > i?
/N G,*u U 0 ' < :"\' O "F' /' < )^
7 j*3
.2G*4' )*i :U ^9 :.`7
:J '" )*i -/ )*{U
\ "-"# 7'
J,9#6 !" # "$# :(1I) %" V
EO6 ' U/
B /%
._}'"\ "
P9 z
1950 z1940
.@7 )*9 :^-E z

.B ", )e9 z
.o,7
*,3 z
1970 z1950
.@7 _*/' )*\ :^-Ez

.V z
.<
h4 :^/ z
.)*5 U $" z
.B ", )e9 z
2000 z1970
)*@&/ )*i -/ > U 06 z

., )U
z2000
Smail Benissaad Maintenance industrielle TEC 336 , publication de luniversit Mentouri Coustantine 20042005, P : 01
98: 2004)-U"70 ) b5 )%0= )*i :U ^ ' )*//7 B U/ "* f0.^ 2
- 12 -
:

.b/0 $ "?0 z
.TPM), )* )*i $ "?0 z
B*, ' < :U ^9 *5 I'7 :S(.( ^' ^ f0& %F ^.(:U"i
2008 )* )5 Û -E/ ' , ]U'E* U ^ )*4' )* B K7
479:
: N P 2I
5& )* )*, . ^( q / B`&/ ' 3*}' e5U )*i 25
B K*G )*P q,' 69 _}'"\ )*7X =5 ~ '( q !"\ ,74 )%0=
G*4 )7 )* )& :^`06 I' G "?0 "* k,
"i& <
+ x5 P ' )*i ( o*V7 > S7`
5& q/%- 4 [R
.B`&/ ' QRY )55%
/
)J d9 ^/ 9 b50 QRN' :" b50( )Z* B6J o&/' !"#
:U ^ d9 '( G,*u >
% ^/&/ ' ^ / d9 '(
d9 '( Gx*xi )3-e' G%`
:1t / ' )// )g '
NU 7 "' B k, )"?% B6J / }=-: W :X Y + 0 (1
G5* , 89.B6J QRN _ K* ]R "*3 ' )*7*/' /% RN 25-'
)*79 B^ E , "*3 //7 NU/ ^ E ,' q 4 j,& , *%
:)*%*@U $%&( )}} d9 B6J f%3 ( 7' .q, G
G% B6J / RN . K ^" ^" /7 N':)*%5 B6J z(

B Uî j,& , _ )/7 3 ^"
& , 89 G*4
0 "* / "-"#
.t50( i\ 7( ,'
V( /7- B6J / RN . K ^" )/7 N'::"3 B6J zb
.B G ( 7 Uî B^" , 3 ^" ^ E , 89
,
291: 1974 B'S )* )hG U ^ < :U ^9' i f*g , ^ =4 ]".^"*5 " oe.^ 1
- 13 -
:

B6 QRN
V > 89 v% / G5,F( . K( /7 N':)3*&" B6J z<
("5- ' :"-" )J j /' \ .K ]( 0 :.09 )Z* B ( 7
.V-"\ 69 Y0
)*i '
*u k, , :UG o d9 _550 -: 0 :X Y + 0 (2
)*` +@}/ )p > ) .
*u ' f*i " /& G 5F '
*u ' )*i ( R*` > )*N )&^' )* :UG q, :KG ,` & /,
)-/ )4" )**5 s'g ))E
*u s' : ' B6J qi " /& G '
.1G,*,#' B
*Z% o' (....o**7:.
^ / )@ SF /( 0 N^':780#@= G7 5= :X Y + 0 (3
RN' .G*i
5& " B K*GZ
*^ /i 4 B/-K '( ^/&/ '( )*'
W > G`, '( G5 > q5%- "&'B K*GZ [, )* )& ` d9 ]^=.*\
W` U3 " B !'"\ > 550 :U ^ /7 :Z"56 :X Y + 0 (4
R '^ ^ N"\ )*i . ^ )E )* Bi*i?
' )*i o*7
. 9 o, '( B6 -% "506 d9 ) " "*5 " k, _Z@ U56 g
.)@U )*i
)& S4/' )*i " f*g d9 )x, ) j, ( b50( N'
:2b50 QRN ' RN > )E )'"
' "* 2*? ' ^ " ' G*, )3*&"
3 5
o*7
*,3 k,
- )7* > 0/ 9:+&= ? Z5R#[
.B " )*T( :^-E
.)ii? B UG " )h@` :U"3 / d9 B^(:/0= L0, Z5 >G
"3' )7* :^-E b50( B ^ " ' . K "@ K :4RU= : \E
.G S5 U"3 `\6 d9 ^ r B "
503: +0 B*, ' < :U ^9 I'7 :S( ^.( ^' ^ f0& %F ^.( 1
101: +0 )*i :U ^ ' )*//7 B U/ "* f0.^ 2
- 14 -
:

'K? W*` > B"0 < k, )i\` )& :] #6 ^7X F %9 ? Z5 >R
.)* B*, B`&/ }( )`h k,
r
*u j# ' ^ /
G7' *5 ) 53 j&6 BZ :U/P > B" "&':Z5V / P7$# Z5 >G
.)5* B "\' <9 b50
*xi :U' B"(
f7 *\ 'K? > v/, W*` d9 B^(:/ J#+= 7@# L%5 *
.)* B*, B`&/ }( jx'( G7' :KN ,%, )5%
B ^ " '
)`,7 > :% :^-E /7- )**5e ),i:_ &# ` ,"
.^ / '
: S a 3I

:S B /% > )*i
"& )*i B*, )7* >
NR $"3 9
> U* !'"\ 7 * G (KZ- 6 .K ;9' )* B*,, "%
^ j%*
"&' $ "?0 :KN' :"* )*4 )\ > B "
> )*i :KG(
4 )\ > <
4 _*,' )7* ), < / )\ > < o&/ "\ d9
i5 S}' )*T( )*i, )%0= :U ^9 $N q0 K*\ >
"- ( u5- )*i
. 7r U"& D( +*3# - s "N QRN v(U k,' : s "N( +*3# k,
: a 13I
U/' //7 $"3 ' 7' _ ` 6 ( ( k, )*i, g- B /%
s "N( +*3x :^" B*3 $ "?0 q, )N )`*' jx5P( :U ^9 $/G`
j&/ $ \ ' )% ' :^/Z, N
7 ;9' 8 "\ > 4"N j%* G7' )%0=
'( )%0=
^ )`*/ )*i "%' .1U/ )%0=, )*%4 :U"3 I' )* '
2
:( *\ G*T( )* )*, :U'S% )5 )*,
Smail Benissaad Maintenance industrielle TEC 336, op.cit, P : 03
522: 2006 )*V )5 ^ "u ) : R )57 B*, ' < :U ^9UZ "* 5P.^ % n7 "5.^ 2
- 15 -
:

r ^ N"\ > G,' B " ' B K*GZ ' B6J o,? B`&/
*,3 > "% .1
@K d9 B*5, f*,%

*,3 ' < B*, :.` /% "-K.[R )3, o,7 ' @%c
*,3'
:^/ S- :^-E d9 ]^=- ]R
7 B " ' B6J )*,4 +*3# k, )g4w .2
.)/3 o,7 ' )/, B*7 ^'"\ > B?,
</ :^/ ` ' < > B`&/ ^" d9 )*i /% ` ]^=- .3
k, fU"3 $"' ,, )-/ ' ` d9 ]^=- r )-U'h SF B S '
.^"w j&/ > < S- .3U6 B5, ),3
:"* )*P S4/ G*'=% :U ^
4 - i > )*i $g
4 9 .4
.B " ' B6
"-D ' )4"
V i, )`,? )*"c B*G% n"3 ) ^9 > )*i "% .5
.:"* :. '
)g' )3*&^ )*i B*, j ,74 )%0=
^ < k, *l }( h .6
.1:% G4 "N( +*3#' )%0= )*9 4U d9 [8 ^( ,
*u , :KN k35 B K*GZ ( U5 :.`7

' j&/ u0 = .7
.)* U"& k, )g4'
W*` d9 k% J < )`%,4
V )V-" < fg +*5 :"* )*i f" .8

P( /N -Kc U5 IV s"G ]ì -K?, 6/P' 7r "\ ^( d9 -Kc
7
*u ' < / o&/ :=` )*P fg 4 / _h*` h3-' i >
.B " ' B6
:2- ' $g G *- ),\, 34' )*i )*T( /'
B`P / 34' . ^ )*/ k, ),\ QRN $N6 qi-:8# 79
.)*G )% /%' B " . ^( /% %# s"G% )-U*
67: 1993@ K )* B/5 /-^ )%0= > )* B&, ]î&6 "* Uee "( 1
181: +0 B*, :U ^9' < ]' K " ^.( 2
- 16 -
:

B " qi ),\ )*i $N6 ]U'h :c>9J# b'# 79
.)*` :U/ n"3' -Z G,*u '
B-/x ' \ D ),\ QRN > $N6 _/-:d5 #X[ b'# 79
k, :*% ' IJ % $ "?0 )*i B*, EO6 :U/ B*3 $ "?0 '
.)*i o,
:J
` NU'^' )*i B*, )*T( h $"3 r
*u fg "3' )*3 B U/ .1

)V B ^// > B UV06 fZ\ Ù .2
)*,4' :.`7 G,*u ' )-^ ' )- 5 Û /,
V $ "?06 .3
:^/ ' ^ )`,7 ),V )*%4 *350(' B*, s "N( +*3x % .4
.)' ' f*,% '
s "N )%0=
^ f@& $g )*i )& R )`0 )*T k\/%'
U/i& '( KZ ) 6 "/- )*i $g >
, ]( ( f7 :S QRY )*Z* 0
.G%` )%0=, ),/ $G +*3#
: S 23I
Y /7 ( /, 6 )%0=, )*%*@ o@/ )`*' NU5 )*i 9
:1J N' G3*3# d9 k% s "N )/
:f T$U= ] #6 gLh .1
B`&/
*,3
*u )0' B " )*\9 k,
)*i4
.< B6" > B4 6 W*`'
:/ J#+= Z5* ^7X i j .2

,3- :"* )\ > )* B K*GZ k, )g4w )*i s "N( 9
.[8 d9 ' j*-K ' f*x B*, $*3 +-e [8' BZ > b/* )5%
Groupe de Rflexion et dorientation en Maintenance Russir sa maintenance , op.cit, P: 50
- 17 -
:

:Z5D *W 9# .3
D ( *\ )*i ( B " C' )* )*, 1 +,- N'
$ \ )*i )`*' k,' ()*i ' < ):"\/ :U/i G' f- )*K ' " '
:h3 )'^K )*'=% QRN.< ' )*i Gh J
.(!^ / .V0)^"w K G,*u ' )C
) )3*&" )4
\ )*47 )&" QRN oP'' t $*3 ql f*g' Sh#
.)50 :"' q0 j&/ >
" /7)Pc J ' "* /
U56 R ( < )`*' k, ql
3'
.)*49 o*7
#' j&/ *h -^` [8' 35% G*, +` )*i
:_ &# \k .4
:
7 )`,7
&( d9 /P/ /N "* )*P f%& ] %*@ s"Y 9
.)"?% ^ / ' )*i o*7 z
.f@ SF '( .]^ )*i ) < @% z
:I
7 h- < @% o,' )*i o,
V E / +*3# 9
] #6 _72 CF %M0 :(2I) %" &'
)*,7 )`,7
)`,7
)*i o,
<6 @% o,
)*i /%
+0 B*, ' < :U ^9UZ "* 5P.^% n7 "5.^:U"i
523:
- 18 -
:
7 > (())3 ),V ' < @% )5 )`,

&( d9 /P/ /N )*i s"N 9
:- _ \- ]R ' +%
.ì d9 )-'% )*i )`, /7 " G& > < @% o, /7
+*3# d9 /P/ \ *lU" W`? < @% 4 )*i ^/G B^ E ,
.(())3 > )5 )`,
&(
:#M C7 0 : .5
)%0= > , & )0 h' )G t @3 ( h )*i
`7
. ( )G fG, fN" / .}(
]U'h ' , )0 k, fG S} )%0= > )*i B*4 R*` b/,0'
:1u RY )* B5, S4/
ea "/- "& )*i ) T9 ]( ( 89 b/, /% B " ' B6J )*P z
.)* B ^// s9' ,,
$x, +,- *4 )P ' )*i ( . )50
q*0(' |e ^ "9 z
.
*u ' )% I'=% +*% 3 '
B "\/, :U' )*,*u B "\/ > ,, ' )% B5, S4/ " z
.G*, )*i B*4 . 9 f-
U* & " ' ,, '
7 )*i D )c B "\/ S z
> -Rx B Û9 +*, ,, BP '( . !'" 5 G @G7
.
&/ )*G )50 :4
5& [R ,u $9' EU 7
? U* ' !^ / /&/ 5 )x*xi q*0 k, )*i > , q-U" z
.NR*` b/, / q%\
:lP > m .6
)4g $ \ kh j&' ]( V( )"% )*
> )5 )%0= ( U5
W P9 [8 > fG U'^ )*i, 4 _V-/, ]^`' 2*w
546: +0 B*, ' < :U ^9UZ "* 5P.^ % "* "5.^ 1
- 19 -
:

!/, )``? B K*GZ P9 [R' 2*w -/, > q5% B6 6 '
.i W G,% >i
:1I /x k, h-( Gi*?, 7 s "N QRN
:* #6 780 F $P,9 S
6\
h4( > B " k, ` z
 Y "50 ' )-î& )3- B " k, ` z
)* :^/ . ^( z
j&'
> 4' "=
*u z
I ^'^ k, /i z
j&'
> )`*g B " k, ` z
.2*w k, ` z
:_ &# F $P,9 S
U f*g' )*i o*7 W*` z
Y )ii? )* K* ^'"\ > )*i B" S4/ z
Y0 "' N k B K*GZ ' B6J )*P B3`
z
.U*u &' B " k, /ix, :^" B3` )*i I'=% si > ' z
: _ &, II
*,# )*,' < >i "-"# > )G P )*i o*7 "
/7- "34 l9 '( 5,0 B4'i > B4 6 "-"# *, :U ^ 7 )*i, o*7
"& \ > B " ' B6J )- b*F k, "- "& _ *5,0 = )*i o, `
N"* / G R*`' )*i ) +5% 2*? ' )D )\ > *l = /71
Smail Benissaad, op.cit, P: 06
- 20 -
:

:.` /% ` d9 ]^=- 6 ]R
7 )*i o, W` B6 "%Z' .:^"w
:1)* 3 )*i f%&

B ' B`&/ B&'(' )*4
B0' )4'i 5 k, )3*&" )& )4'i )*e*\6 B '^ ' ^ / o,' )*i ( q5%
)`,7 B 8 ^ / k,
7 K*, )*e*\6 B '^ /-U
*,# $ "?0 )*
B ", *xi
*u ' )*%5 )*/* )*i B . 9 k, , q-U" )i )G B Û9 q/ )*/* )- '
)*\ ),-"5 )*e*\6 ^ / GU3' )*,P )*e*\6 B '^ 0 )`,7 ' ,*u
.U 0 B " ' B6J o*g' f*x ' j*-K > )x*xi q*0 $ "?0 -
: _ &, 9n +X 1II
:Z9o P= _ &# 11II
:,- h'
:"* 7&, .1
^ 4( 4/ q, )*i (' ]
'( "G k, /i
3 /N
^"' ^" h- ]R
" )06 fNU/( b%\ f- ii?
>
G*,
i ^/3 V /7- "&' .

5& :KZ B%
B* '( )** - K )/Z
V- "&'
$*3 .3' :^" :" )-
%& d9 )*i U/( ), f%3' .)-"3 U/ d9 )49 )*xP' )*
:2T *%*@U
533: +0 B*, ' < :U ^9UZ "* 5P.^ % n7 "5.^ 1
49: +0 )*7 q*0 )*i B*, "* Z3& Gg 0.^ 2
- 21 -
:

)*i BU' ' ' *`, )/4" 5 [, N':*" p "*
/ RN f*%3 7'. K*G' 6C P9' )*P > f"
3 )%0= )' )*i U/( .i +-e )' )*i U/( )*i BU' ' ' *`, )/4" 5 [, N' :7 "*
7' .)%0= B K*GZ P ' )*i fG@ ^(' fG,
3 )%0=
^
:d9 h-( U/ / RN f*%3
/3- )-G .6=N q '
V' :()ii? |` ) )*i U/( .)*P |` fG, .3
( > f"% Sg < N3- )*4
B0 U/(' K4 / "*`%' >
RN k, fG47 :U ^ 4 [R < /N fG, ( *\ )*i
.B K*GZ ' B6J /* fG, > ),V f D ' f"
:5= 7&, .2
x`
@0'' q* ' [*7` B '^(' )*,-"5 & $"?%-
^ / "i37\6
/ )Z* )*,-"5 3 [,G% .)*i B*, NSF' B/-E' )5& '
T )Z* '( ("i )-/
/ q5% '( *5 $ "?06 p
1 '
:)*,-"5 3 / K*' )*i q*0( +*5 > Si3 '
.U 0 )"?%
-"5 & z
.)*Z* 09
-"5 & z
QRN G0 "* $K,- R )*i o*7
:D )5% o*7 QRN
V
.g' "* "?0 G "?0 ' . K ' 3
- 22 -
:

:*" p / p _ &, .3
)*5( '( )*, 9 ( @ '^ d9 )
| f-'
k, B K*GZ ' B6J W54 1t $*3 )%0= *% 6 )*i ( W5 $*3,
G\PX $*3 )%0= )*i k, UR- * *//7 ' )&" )* )U^
.G, \
:Z9o P= -3 _ &# 21II

> *00( U'^ q, *\ )`,7 . K( G .K :5 SF )`,7 P D
.< "- K P QRN W "- K-' )*i )`,7 :^-E
:2>"56 _ &# .1
6 -R )*e*\6 B '^ Ka' )*i f%& > 4 ' , o*7
'
. B" ' )* U}" ' !} o*7 [R' )*i ( > :5 /U ..G7 '
:"9H _ &, .2
U ( d9 f%3' :S ( )Z* )%0= G,x "& U

_5- ' < o&/ )Z*
" > ` )%0= +x,- *4
V )*, ^
.B u ' $/0
>
V )*U U (' o*7
:L+ _ &, .3
89 .)-K )*i )0*0 :U ^ " " :5 SF )`,7 i
3 U/( D
:^-E d9 ]^=- ]R BU/ d9 )/ 3 ' B6J
3 ) QRN > q/ )/3 B*7 ' B '^ ' ^" G0 ^ ^K- _( \ m7 k,'
3 U/(
.)-K )*i )0*0 :U ^ " " :"% ^ /
128: +0 ")D )*i :U ^9 > )V-" BN6 "V-" ^ =4 j7\ U.^ 1
533: +0 B*, ' < :U ^9UZ "* 5P.^ % n7 "5.^ 2
- 23 -
:

:X ;= n9 7&, .4
j3`( / UV0 )P4 * ) )`,7 N )h )P` )`,7 9
)`,7' )h )P` )`,7 K** ql'.(..^ / U/() N8 +50 P k,
v*& */'.)- G* U* 6 f-' )\ B U*c /7 d' ) `4.)@h )P`
)-'% . U0 )`,7
:)* B*5 4 / G,h4( .& qF'
z<z)J
zbz)J
z(z)J
100.000
100.000
100.000
)J )*&
54.500
55.000
60.000
G,*u o*7
R ( 89 7' G,*u o*7 ),& q5% k,V N z<z)J ( d' ),N/, \
:I 5i G`*7 ( "O B6J QRY )*,53% )*i o*7 U56
z<z)J
zbz)J
z(z)J
54.500
55.000
60.000
*u o*7
6.250
5.000
3.500
)&/ )*i o*7
60.750
60.000
63.500
o*7 Ip9
.z<z 6" zbz)J .& /N

V U 3 ( J x ' '"5-'
;'^' T q5% B U*c *h4 )@h )P` o*7 ]( )*V ) > (
"'
-"5 & 'Ka )* - ( ` )`,7 QRN v*3'.U* 6 )*, Q5
:)* f*3 "\9 D( N 3 QRY )@h )P` /74
h4(
-" ^/' 5 [8
.*5 )*, o*7 ^50 " |/% > )**5 )*3 >P z
C
R*` > 3 ' ^ / QRN j"?0 / *4 )%0= " Gg0 o*7 z
E' ' ),-/ -K? B 4 :"-" 3 k, /ix, G4"0 5 '(
.(L ..*,? x :4)NU"i G*, /i :4
)*,-"5 3 4 / $" q5% '( : 3 :. Û q5% )%0= >
o&/ )`,7 z
.q0 j&/ > )E
- 24 -
:

:IE ; O% 7&, .5
q5%
o&/ ' SF j&/ /N @h j&/
)`,7 ('.
, )-^ :S% .}( ^G '( T q5% '( U
'( ]^
E ) "%-'.
`&/ , )/4" U/ /
V4 @h j&/
Gg' Ug6 s/`P > @h j&/ U/,5-' -U/R )`,7 ' j&/ S4/ k, )*i
QRN > Ug6 q5%-' )*i :U ^9 )&e P k, q, "-K- " ) QRN
.< B6J o&/
V )* :U% )
:d9 @h j&/ f*%3 7'
)*5 -^\ '
, U/h S
q% @ j&' z
75 s i6 '
B6x :U ^
5&
f*g ./% )Z* !" /N' :U ^ q5% @ j&' z
NSF' U*u &' ^ / Uh\9 '(
*u '( .9 > ) o&/
.[8 d9 ' @G7 U* 3 ) o&/ B6\
V )*4 b50 @ j&' z
: $X _ &, .6
'( < o&/ ) :U%c ' P o*7 o*7
.
q5% B " o&/ )p )*\ $" o*7
f**3 D-'.N"3'
B6\ ^" q5% _%\ qi- o*7 / RN
o,7 q5% < o&/ ) :U%c ( q5% _ F 6 ( o*7 QRN
1
.)*i B3` V(
: )`,7 /- I
7 '
Groupe de Rflexion et dorientation en Maintenance, op.cit, P: 105
- 25 -
:

$X 7&, :(3I)%" &'
o*7
:5 o*7
B o*7
)5 o, '
:5 SF o*7
)*@&/ )*i o*7
P o*7
*u '
)-&/ o*7
*u o*7
o*7
*u :^9 o*7
j&' o*7
o&/ o*7
)*4
*u "
( : )J
)J B
)J
)* U " )*,7 :^/ :U ^9]75 " */0.^:U"i

190: 2004/2003 )-U"70
T "\9 B^ E , _( *\ )*%7 )ì /- )*i B3`' < :U% 9
_4 )7r )`,7 ^( d9 /P/ /N s"Y ( U5' m7 ' ji3
1
:I /
7 )x/ ' k,V B3*4/ x5 ql
Smail Benissaad, op.cit, P:78
- 26 -
:

$07 r5 7&# :(4I)%" &'
o*7
o*7
$" o*7
)*\6
^ )`,7
,
)*i o*7
$" o*7
t
Source: Smail Benissaad, op.cit P :78
T :`, )*\6
)U^ }= *\ )*i o*7 k, S} > S57 U'" B " f*i (
> [8 /'.G`,7' )*i )/P '( )/G0 k, )*0"Y B*i "*3' q*
:I
7
7&, / +s+ &o:(5I)%" &'
)*i )`,7
)*i )`,7
)6
)} )`,7
:3 )`,7
)*i )`,7
)6
)*i )`,7
)6
)" )`,7
)6
)i& )`,7
- 27 -
:

)*i )`,7
)*i )`,7
)6
:"- K )`,7
)6
:Su )`,7
)* U " B"c ' Bi > -Z < UZ "-4.^:U"i
470: 2007
"@ k,( +3 ]R /% [8 /N )*i o*7 q0 /% D:J x h- /N'.)7r )`,7
& )*i (
_ &, :(6I)%" &'
o*7
)%0=
)*,7 o*7
)*i o*7
o*7
V /%
)*i,
)*i > UV06

Source : Groupe de Rflexion et dorientation en Maintenance, op.cit, P: 106
- 28 -
:

: t+, * #0Pu v@w _ &, 2II
:NR*` )G q%' G*5e q%\ )*i f%3
: #0Pu v@w 12II

$/, ' " 6 s'' $ " s' d9 G*9 ^/ s'g : [8'
j , $ " s' d9 " s'g f7x j0 , :U ^ (
1
:)*i )*5 )5 o*7 /( ,- *4 0'.b/P( U &
)p o*7 N :(" s') f7x, ),3 SF o*7
h`- [R' G '=% "-"# qi ' :^ ^'" )/, SF /7 ' )@U
.@%c ' U b%\ G\P9 B3` )
)*@&/ )*i )p o*7 N :($ " s') f7x, ),3 o*7
)*@&/ )*i -E/ 7 '.()`,7' E) ^'" )/, ) QRN > /7'
)%0=, 4 U 30 d9 /P/,' )*@&/ )*i ( 25h -^" ?(' |4 k,
b%\ o*7 QRN '.B1` )* ' )g )*9 :S% Y h.(B"' 9) )*'=% K k, E/ '(
*u
: t+, * v@ 22II

G SV7 ( f7 )*i ( * $ )/P )*i f%& k, /@3 _ /)* ),%,% B 8 :S57 B%0= k, |"i- /N' i? :S5 )U" /7
2
:T ,7 )*Uc )*i R ( 7' ),-/
._,*' '( )J P t $/3- :IP 0F / .1
fg-' )*i > )ii? )%0= :^ t $/3 ::u P : L=.2
.se
B5 '' |/3\ 5- "3 :"*`% )%0= ' '3 )&
56 : +0 Z3& Gg 0.^ 1

2
Luc Boyer, Michel Poire, Elie Salin, Prcis dorganisation et gestion de la production , Paris, Les ditions
dorganisation, 1986, P : 189
- 29 -
:

s 'Ka' )*G :.` N /7 " )*i G%` )%0=
`7 "&'
' o*7
&' j&' 0( > )*i ( EO :K`
/ N' U*u &
.G5*' N"*3 ),&' B K*GZ *//7 )4 7 [8 k, "% S-
)* f@ /3 > )*Uc )*i o*7 )*, " )*i o*7 K "*` _9
G`*7 fZ\' )*i /( /
5 o*7 )@& ^ "X )*i :U ^9 $ K9 '(
.)*i /( /
7 )E B ` * )*i Q G0*0 i4 [8'
: _ &, x7 3II

)5& ' )`,? o*7 QRN P
*,# d9 )*i o*7 /,0 )0 U^ s"
> NU'^' G*T( q%\ G ."5, B-/'( f,0 ''
,c e / "-"# )*u Su
P W > URY b50( k, s d9 )0 U" QRN s" )*p < )`,7
._*i b/, K > QUi 7 ' _*4
@0'' _0*&' o*7 QRN
> 5 b/,0 s G/,0 )0 U^' )*i o*7 P
*,# b/,0( o,{'
.o*7 QRN o*i
:Z-b#= fPo #F y fPo Z-b#= #F y _ &, x7 13II

)*i :U ^X )Pc ' )%0= G- )-"& .5 )V )*i o*7
)*i B "\' BN (.)*E ^/3 ^"# U/ ' q ' ' ' Ul
V
7 )V _5 o*7 x R -' )V _5 o*7 f7\ R 3 $"3 q5%
('. 3 $"3 ) BN _*4 )U^

V <U^
7 d9 /x-' 34( 2
)*E '( )-"i '( )} )5% :^ Su'
*u B*, +4 G4 :Su )*i o*7
o&/ " :^ !" :Su _5 )*i )`,7 /7 "&'.< fZ\ Su
)*P d9 ) N' ("i V tP( B6J W ( :Z4 o 7' < )%0=
.:^" " /& _7# 6 )*i / RN 4 5'
B*x :Su _5' )V _5' :Su ' )V )*i o*7 /,0
*V 7'
:J
7 k, )x/
- 30 -
:

Z-b#= fPo #F y fPo Z-b#= #F y _ &, x7:(7I)%" &'
)} :Su.B
o*7
)-"i :Su.B
)*E :Su.B
_5.B
:Su
)} _5.B
)}.B
<
61: +0 Z3& Gg 0 :U"i
: Y6 E % Mn6 _ &, x7 23II

:I
7 k, )x/ B*x o*7 QRN /,0
*V 7
Y6 E % Mn6 _ &, x7:(8I)%" &'
o*7
> U/i3
)*i
)*@&/
> )u5
)*@&/ )*i
)*i o*7
)*@&/
V fZ
)*,7 o*7,
)*i o*7
)*\P
)*x*xi.0%
)*@&'. 100%
60%
28%
30%
56%
90%
5%
)*i,
V fZ
)*@&/
Source : Franoi Monchy Maintenance, mthodes et organisation , op.cit, P : 32
- 31 -
K
:

x Gg*4 )*p ' )*@&/ ' )*\P )*i o*7 /,0
7 RN / "- K o*7 QRN ( d9 U [8' q/ _,* f*3% 2 )*@&/ )*i o*7
)% & ("5*4 )*\P )*i o*7 x )5% ( $"3
> )%0= )- " " " :S5 /7 o*7 QRN ( \-' & RN )5% e5
)*@&/ )*i o*7 )*%7 )& k, N' *lU" & ("5 < G&
)*i
" ^50 _' S d9 ]^= )*@&/ )*i o*7 Ù [8'
.)*\P
i ( d9 & ("5 :Su o*7 N )*p )*i o*7 X4 +50 )Z*'
"- K ("5 ' )*\P ' )*@&/ )*i o*7 x e3 )3 " ^ N"\ d9
QRN /\' )*p )*i o*7
V /
V :U/R e3 )3' .[8 "
)%0= QR ( ql ]R ]î&6 '( " _*, +, 6 ^" ( 7 )3
)*i,
V fZ h-(
V /N' )*i ' <
V / x5 j 89 U56
.)*@&/
: 7X F %9 .+, III

k, N}(' )*i ( )*T ),-/e :4 R )* )*i B%0= jG5 "3
%x K* k, j(^ N ' )* )*i B/g, )* )-4 /
/ +*3#
.G*, )& ' Y ` f*g )*i q*0( -/'
: .+, 1III
/N' "`/, )`,? ) +*% k, "% " /3 )/":/N f*g
)G G*x' )G Gh5 P
2 ( ql B& /"W5 "
1
")*}
" /3 )/ k, $/3- )*i f*g /3 7 `- & '
RN' _ 2a /N k, f \ )x,i
'( o/
G ( ql
1
Bernardie Mont Morillon, Jean Pierre Pitol-Belin Organisation et gestion de lentreprise , Paris, dition
Litec, 1995, P : 269
- 32 -
:

fG* *4 )x,i ^ 4( B& fg B,% ' B*'=%
"-"# :U'h "%.)%0=, Uc ' , " *w f& R'
)-F m*' ),*0' f*g U5 )* %# 4 " /7- ( ql )*i f*g 9
1
:N' )*i,
@ " :" "/'.)*i ), )- 5 Û /, IV
*u h'
),/ B%0= '( Y )*i B " ' @7, )Z )%0= $*& z1
+*&^ x4 d9 <# ' )ii? B6J ' B " )\ > )*,P )%0=
G-" /7' )*i )*ii :D B 8 )" K '( ),3% BG $*& z2

7 )*i $*3, )- 5 ' )-^ B7
.)*i ( ' K )%0=
^ )ii? )**g :"\' . 9 z3
:)* 3 k, )}V
@ "5 QRN ),` "
)%0= fZ\ z
)/, o*7 z
)\ B*G% z
*//7 "*3 )U^ z
G*/' )*e*\6 B '^ 4/ " z
.)*i ii? ' . Dc 4/ " z
:@z= ? .+, ^7X Z9{z= -> 0= 11III

2
:N' )*i f*g > }= )*00( B U5 N

:I+= Z|'+= 0Pu ` .1
:)*J / / /7 "& i 9
* i
V )/3 )- q, )*%5 B " ' )* fh- ]R :T@P
.*5% )*T ),*,& i QRN
V > )*i f*g )G 9 B*'76
542: +0 " B*, ' < :U ^9"UZ "* 5P.^ % n7 "5.^ 1
206: +0 V-" ^ =4 j7\ U.^ 2
- 33 -
:

N )ii? BG '( )G ^/' q, :"3 B "' )*( fh- ]R :L0=
)*P )*'=% )*i :U ^9 d/ \ > B " qi *\(' "** ' f*i $G d/
.o*,u' )5 j6 *i:
V i QRN
V
/i& )*T( q%7' ii V( B6 QRN
V > )*i f*g )G /7'
.NU 0 ' B " :.` :^-E k, NS}
> 89 )*i f*g $G m7- )%0= i ^" )*, 9:I = 50#
i o,a )*i f*g U'^ X4 )`,a BZ *i F i ^/' )\
4 </ G%` )*/ < :" i :U ^X )*i )%0= $*& " ( J
)*i f*g B*4 _Z' @
h4( d9 ]^=- B " ' :KG "\/ / .
.)*e*\6 B '^ ' B"c S4/ > :"\/ )*u / )4
:F7$= / p 0Pu ` .3
)*5% )*T jÙ , 0'( )*i :U ^9 G"3 B"c j ,
)*i f*g B5 / ' $G "-"# :U' h4 )%0=, *g
7*Y
d9 G /( q%\ )*i B*4 _Z ( u5- 89 i? ./ k, , " f*%3
.B " ' @7 -/x )Pc B"c ' )* )*i B" ' )*@&/ )*i B"
:/0= /[W ` .4
B"c / k, S5 / k, }= i Gh- B " ' B6J / 9
'( U?5 "*/ B "\'
V )*00( B6C' B " ^/' 4 )*i f*g )`*' G"3
V ) )*P B" q, )*/ B4 )' '

3 B "\' o**7 B "\'
)*,, B " QRN )*T(' +% G06 ./ k, :- '( f*x '( j*-K
)*i f*g 4 </ F )i B6C' B " ^/' )\ > (.)*
B '^ / /\ )*47 B*5 S4/ h4 )ii? )*5e B 8 B" q,
.)/, )*e*\6
- 34 -
:

:C7 0 /" .5
)ii? )*4 U^ / )* )*i :U ^9 B " ' B6J "*3 )U^' / q,-'
)*T( B 8 )%0= > )*i f*g )G
l' )*i B" R*` )* B UG B 8
o*7 "-K-' )7r )*9 ki& B " ) ^9 .q )*i :U ^9
# q5% /i&
) QRN > )%0= :U ^9 _/ "& '( fG*, /i )/P q5% )*i :U ^9 > ,
o*/ ]î&6
-"5
V b/,0 RN /7 )*i $G $*3, } se d9
.)*i u )%0= > i? )*
f*g &/ k, / QS} _ N8 +50 )*%*@
/
]( 9
.f@ *g
7*Y "-"#' )%0= > )*i
: 7 8.+# & 21III

)@3 B& oi- ]R
7 ":_( k, *g
7*Y s1
"f*g, )`,? B "\/
fZ\ G :"-"
/ k, S5 / k, )*i :U ^ *g
7*Y f*i ".)%0= :U ^9 b/,0(' )*i )%0= /'
R N )*i :U ^ f@ *g
7*Y f*i > "% )*%*@
/ '
:- U56
/7 )%0= )*U k, S5 S} Y '( )? )* Û / q, Be
z
.*, :U ^ d9 *g
7*Y > b&(
7*Y > "( /7 )%0= )*U k, ^'"w ]î&6 S} B 8 Be
z
.*, :U ^ > *g
:8.+# 2 ` 121III
]K f*g /N )*i :U ^ )**g
*Y f*i > $ "?06 @ / 9
7 ;9'
V( *g
7*N ^// /3 7 6' .>/ì f*g h4 ]K '
:- )g\ "-" *g
7*N ^ "9 "
542: +0 UZ "* 5P.^ % n7 "5.^ 1
- 35 -
:

I *g
7*Y z1
)*i, )* )0*% )33x @ s "N )U3 z2
f*g )*
'
,c +e "-"# z3
$%& *g
7*Y > )*

\ > ' z4
."-" *g
7*Y
*7 ^ "X )Pc B\ &6 n"3 z5
*g
7*Y G, - ( 7 P W 8 6 s 6 RN (
1
:)*i )x,i
[R )\ N j 89 '=% q@ _G > Q"%- )x,i '=% z
B0 U" q7 z
G5*' Shx o,7 | f%& z
)* B " ' B6J k, ] $*3 d/ )-K )U' z
&/ ' )*T q%\ < BU' k, )E/ '( :Kr )*P |4 z
)`,? )*i |4 /,3% /ii? z
QS*%
N= '=% _*, s - Ka z
.G*3@0 "V B4 U"),*3} B'
3
@0' z
:dR29= .+# :[
G%` )*T Y )*i )G ( )*i :U ^ ]K f*g > @ic fN(
[8 V)i 6 k, *g
7*Y RN > )*i $G f*%3 "-' < )G
.(L ...)*7*7* )*'7 )*P )*@G )*P
2
:N )*i :U ^9 > ]K b/,0 U* k, }=
/ 9
U'" )5% `/ ^")%0= fZ\ z
*'=%' )%0= $%&( z
> u -E/ z
</ / z
41: 2003/2002 ) ) S% :R ")*i )%0= > :^/ o*7 k, )*i S}"ju u "5 1
209: +0 V-" ^ =4 j7\ U.^ 2
- 36 -
:

-/} '3 $ "?0 z
< d9 )*i > ,, )/4" U/ )5% z
.)*i ' <
B& )*/ z
:dR29= .+# } @ E1
:]K f*g "@ /4 )*i o, ` z
h4(
7 )\ Û / :^`06 z
.)*i > , B UG :^-E z
:]K f*g '% 8 " s"N G,l )*i )G k, K* z
)*i ' < B/P +, z
.)*i ' < B6i6 S0 2 /e z
Z"56 dR29= 8.+# &:(9I)%" &'
-"
B- -"
B%\ -"
L ...Ea -"
<9 -"

z(zf%&
<9 -"

f%&
)*i -"
<9 v"G
<9 v"G
)*P '=%
)*7*7*
4 \
4 \
[*7* \

.G \
210: +0 V-" ^ =4 j7\ U.^:U"i
- 37 -
:

:dR29M .+# : {
E/ )*i B*7 ( /N )*i :U ^ ]K f*g > @ic fN( 9
zbzf%& )*P '=% z(zf%& )*P '=%) [8 V )* $%& q/
. _, (KZ-6 .K D f%3 RN > )*i '=% X4 _*,' (L ...
:dR29M .+# } @ E1
:]K f*g "@ /4 )-K j / r D(
7 < )"c s" )*i z
)*i * " / *,i j&'' )*G j&' ` q5% j&/,
V( $ "?0 z
.<
:]K f*g '% < b%\ k, )*i B*4 T9 \ z
)*i Û / fZ\ Ù z
)*i Û / $ "?0 > )' $" z
.)*i > , B UG "-"# z
Z"56 dR29M 8.+# & :(10I)%" &'
-"
B- -"
B%\ -"
:U ^9 Ea -"
L ...,
z(z<9 -"
zbz<9 -"
z(z<9 v"G
zbz<9 v"G
<9 \
)*P \
<9 \
)*P \
211: +0 V-" ^ =4 j7\ U.^ :U"i

- 38 -
:

:?= .+# : y {
( * )%3 B*'=% ' ]K ' ]K f*g k, ]/ f*g RN 9
v"G )*'=% f03' )4 )*i B*4 6'=% /7- ( < '=%
v"G )*'=% f03 [R'

7 )*7*7* )*i '=% [*7*
.

7 )*@G7 )*i '=% .G7
:?= .+# } @ E1
:>/ì f*g "@ /4 .]K ' ]K f*g "@ /4 f*g RN l
:>/ì f*g '% R*` > :S5 B/P q5% B*'=% > )U z
< ' )*i B4c :^-E \ z
.:U ^ :"\' $" q5% , k, *0 S} z
Z"56 ?= &:(11I)%" &'
)*i -"
z( )3 '=%
zb )3 '=%
z< )3 '=%
[*7* v"G
.G v"G
[*'79 v"G
212: +0 V-" ^ =4 j7\ U.^ :U"i

- 39 -
:

: / 70 . 31III
%,% > -^/ $( *34( [8 . /0 f*g ] B/, *p 9

'( :U ^ B/, ^ [8 /7- "&' :KZ )G /N ^" s"N Y q
.R` )G 4 x ' _*/ 7- 89' QR*` ql ( '( _*/
:)* +4" )-
7 > )*i )`*' U/i 7 $ _/'
. ? 80 y g1, $>9 :(12I) %" &'
5 )*P q,e
5 SF '(
<8/; )
)*i q,e
q,e <8/;
)*i
)*P . 9 q,e
)*P . (
)*79 " x4
7 6
)*i $*3
q, U9
)G d9
7r
)*i )*, . ^ )Pc B . "-"#

B* :"&
B`P / z
)J z
)-^ B . z
)*@V06 B . z
P9 C -U z
IC q0\
)*i B*, > :"%
)*i $*3
)*i -U3
169 : 1993 :N3 ) ")* B/, $g"]-K , ]S .^ :U"i
- 40 -
:

X4 f*g q <U" >
`0 / k,( :^ +4" BG*/ ( \ k,'
)-U'h ) EO G7 B/, :U ^ "-'K C 3-e [,% -U3
f*g RN > G "?0 ql )/ 7 ' -U3 ^ "9 $g & / f*i '
.)- )0'U" /7 ( ql
:)*i B/, $g c
7*Y ,- *4 $/30'
/ 70 . &:(13I) %" &'
B?
*u
B "
B*,
B U 3 )`,?
@ "5 B* z
'( ) )*i, )5% )*i
.B\P )5% [R' )*@&/
7 B/, z
8 > G "?0
"-"x )Pc B U 3
)Pc )*i )
.'
. )5%' fZ\ B* z

B UV06 fZ\ B* z
.)*i > UV0 )\
)*%7 )-Ru
174: +0 ")* B/, $g"]-K , ]S .^:U"i
f*g U9 d9 ]^= ( 7 B/, $g B/7 "\9 N B6 9
*50 k,4
B6 ' -/7' )*/* )-^*6 f*g )-U' (
> /U +`- "34 )*i ' < %& B/, 530 ' U "P V
j&/ )9 qZ'
/ _/ (
h4 j :"-" B0 B6
:1)* )*00 " /3 $ B +*&^ $g ' q/7( 6 E Ui '" Sh# 25: +0 Z3& Gg 0.^
- 41 -
:

'" $ K6
)/G` /7 B*, *p "
6 $
.U )' ", ),*,& +@&^ *i
:>9'P 5"= 41III

$g / g si' )*i f*g > ]3` ^/ )V )- 5 Û / D
> /7- $g RN X4 _,*u k, :U^& )- 5 Û / 7 89 "3 '( *% )*i
)/, B .`7 /i ) B . ^" 8 h3- ]R 3*3\ |E
.:.`7 f"'
3i q-U" ' )\ B .`7 '
)\ B .`
q-U"
)/, B .`
B ", )*i )*, :.` 4 P fN( )U" ) i D-'
-R ^ 4 .3 )*i '=% k, /7- )*i ) ! "x0 "54 G`*7 W` '
K** k, :U"3 ' B " ' B "\/ B/7' .* b*0 k, :U"3 fG-"
( EO )*`* k,' 8 B " k, fG5-U" )E D
' G\P9' t50('
)*i k, )U" ) ( .[8 SF' < > @%c
,3- r Si& j&' > )*i
f- ' _ "50 7 )4' B "\/ k, o 7 [8' )"?% U*u & )*
,3
)U" ) $ "?0 ( [8 ,?%' . ( : )J _5*' _\P9' _`*g
:d9 ]^=B "\/
*u :.` 4U z
)*i )*, .}( B*`,
*,3 z
)7,G% U*u &
*,3 z
' "Z, 35e ^"w -U > _9' )*i, $E j&/
*,3 z
.) B6 ' )@U s'g )G / $ ^ "06 z
- 42 -
:

o,{ )*i f*g > fG "?0 q / ? 3*3 ^" { *4 (
U & 8 ql )G U/ "\( 4 )*i 2* ),\ >' J 7 5
RN' BG W
( ^/3 ) ]( )*Uc ), :/3 $ "?0 fZ\ /N
)*i f*g
:/& X4 q-3 _' k,' .1)- 5 Û / q-U" k, }( _ 5
.:Dc k, f@& -3 b/,0 Q-"3 7
~ 80 ZL y Jj:(14I) %" &'
)`,7
)*p6 )`,7
U/ )`,7
)`,7
*"
:/&
:/&
:/3
V fZ
27: +0 Z3& Gg 0.^:U"i
_%` j&/ >' ^ ^K U/ B3` X4 )*i f%& > ^" :^-E _*,'
> /7-
:/3
V fZ 9' & "- K )*i d9 K o&/ )`,7 X4
h4 _( h-( <8/ /-' ^ N"\ d9 )*p )`,7 N"
i )3
.)*i f%& > & $ "?0 d9 4" ( W@4 $ "?0 d9 4" (
: ^7X F %9 2III
5 D +4' f j 89 )": ( k, )& /-4 ]N s7 \ . s s"t [8' G*, +` ^5 ' : ' q%\'
2
"
53% > NE'' Gx*xi
26: +0 Z3& Gg 0.^ 1
2
Henri Fayol Administration industrielle et gnrale , ditions ENAG, Alger, 1990, P :124
- 43 -
:

G4 ' )// 2c q%\ S%- ,` . ^ ( " d9 )& s"
7 )& "/ ' s "N Q )**g )

-"' ) B*, k, ]/
.:"\ ' ), G' G4 )& ' 2*?
@ + d9 00( o@/ NSu )*i ( k, )& k%'
)*,5& '( )& )* )*, )- " ]( )-" )& j . /0 [8' :% s "N
.@ U/G
5& )*x*xi B . X $*3 7 N' R*` .}( ](
> :4/ )@' )3*&^ )*3*3\ B/, k, ^6 ql 4 )&U $g +*3x'
B6" B4 6 v*& ( )G ' )G RN )*i B "%' BZ0
)*i :.` B b%\' (:^/ )`,7 j&/,))*,` B0*3 ' )*i, )-U*
, ^ 4 ' )*i B*,' )*K B ` BU3 ^ "9' $"3 " )4
.)*,V S- G*, +,- S- )/ )*i :KG(' )*i
: /+#@ /MJ12III
f- ' )*i ( R*` )-U'h B/, " )*i B "%' BZ% "i31
"(...)e/uh &() )*'7 '( ()*&U' B`,) )* :U/P > t `\6
"-"# > "% )`,? BZ% "-" )*i :"\' `# ( ql'
5
53% > Y )*i B6\ -"3' Y "50 -U /' :^// B6 ]î&6
'=% ^ 4 B\ & d9 /P/ k, "%- r )*i o*7 G*4 ` 23
4' V( :"-" B " . V /7- "34 o*7 QRN W*` k,
)*i
2
.)"& B " )*i )* o*7
#
:/RJ# /[W J:[
G/ _*4 j5V- *\ )C
7
Z0 . 9 )*i ( k, )& )*, q,
-U / _*4 j5V- ( ql G5* -U' G@ o*7' G&U' )*` `P /'
Franois Monchy Maintenance mthode et organisation , op.cit, p: 64
207: 2000 /*0( ) b7, )-U"70 K "< :U ^9" / P.^ 2
- 44 -
:

/' G*4 j B\P -U /' o*7' G*, j-( )-U'" B4/ 7
1
.G*, j, ^( B*%x '( B S*u
2
:,- :^ BZ% QRN
'
> :^// B " ' B6J * s/ :U5 N':/0= /[W % $F (1
7' f,% f0 ' _ /' Û/ f0 ' G@ -U' NKU' )J f0 :h' )%0=
.N^/'
)3 f&U' )J f&U 5 )*E ' " :U5 N':## s * (2
$E
oP/ )49 )*i '=% f0 ' .)*,53% ' )* x` -U /'
._&u0 ]R K '
* f*x ' j*-K -U
Z% RN > R-':s'# O>R# * (3
.)"?% B '^ '
b/,0(' )*
G\P9 )3-e' "'
BZ% QRN >
Z%: $X J (4
.t )* B6J '
f 3 ' B6J *
Z% RN )G:/[P#[ / Mn6 J (5
. tP( q5% '(
*u B0 k, . G\P9 q/- '( G*P
: ~ J: {

* ]/' )%0= > )*i ' `/ *p
Z% RN > '"* ` h- :U'h " B/, QRN :^`0
7 R _''
.N^ "(' :4/ BPi 6
:9' 9 J: y {
G*T( K ' $g
*u > G U'^ q, )*,-"5 3
Z% RN 5 RN > R- G .F '( U" '( :^" B&'( > N4 / '( > u "5 q50 d9
253: 1975 B'S )* U " "< :U ^9" %\ ^.^ 1
45: +0 Z3& Gg 0.^ 2
- 45 -
:

)3 /\ B/, :^
Z% RN h-' .)*Z* 0 SF )*,-"5 3
Z%
.G*P B' Û/ '
: / 78X ? 7y -> 0 22III

]R u +*3# > _, 4 '( _\O " k, f7x, V( '( U* d9

<
" )5& ' )* )*' v*3 '( f**3 %- *& )5% /N U* ' _,( (
8 %- B%0= ' )`,? B "\/ )U3 ' :% s "N d9 /P/
U* oi- ( ql' 1.(L ...)- 5 Û / S*% UV06 )*i )0*0)B U 3
)*u _350 B-/% fg Q^ "9 > ( ql' // ' )' ' )*& /
:"O S- QRN ' _3*5 I' s e QRN )3} k, /i
2
:>5 #%[ -> 0=:[
.Si3 " k, )*i o*7 /; v*3 %- :' U*

)*i o*7
< )*
. "' )*i, )*` B = 25-' )*@&/ )*i /% 5- :V U*
)*@&/ )*i )`,7
)*p )*i )`,7
o*7 )5% G`*7 fZ\' G "?0 /%' )* )*i )*T( 5- :V U*
.)*p )*i
)* )*i )`,7
)*p )*i )`,7
.)*i, )-î&6 *)*` U/ = /N : U*
@h j&/ o*7+)*i o*7
f&U
1
2
J.-M.Bleux , J.-L.Fanchon Maintenance, systmes automatiss de production ,Nathan,France,2006, P :310

Idem
100*()? B? B? ):)*J )u*i v3' s"Y +*3# t "i3-:)*` *
- 46 -
:

.("-"Z '( "506 U & 8 %-)u06 o*7 /; = /N :mc U*
)*i o*7 + G*P f B " )*&
< )*
1
.B K*GZ, "506 U & 8 > "*`- :v^% U*
*(D7 B*, ) ) B*, )`,7

)*p )*i )`,7
2
:+L# -> 0= : {
" EG
*u :^9 )*79 D-' (MTTR) )*i )*,& = /N :' U*
.*,i )*, . 9
)*i B " B&'( /
^"
.B ", )*, *)*\6 f**3 = /N :V U*
u6 j&'
B "
j&' + u6 j&'
.)*i, )*3 )*` U/ = /N :V U*

o*7
o*7 + )*i o*7
1
2
Franois Monchy Maintenance, mthode et organisation , op.cit, p: 367

J.-M.Bleux , J.-L.Fanchon ,op.cit, P :313
.5 :^9 U76 BV-"x ), ) )Pc B*, N :(D7 B*, ) ) B*, *
)*E :" '( K )g > )/, )`*/ . ^( k, .K :U"& N :)*\ *
- 47 -
:

1
)*i > j u ]U* j&/

)*i ( $ |u% j&/
)*i Ba
)*i B "
)*i )*4
)*i :.`
:9 -> 0 : y {
= )*i :.`
= )*i )*9
)*i, )? s "N )33w s "N )5%

=
)*i :.`
464 472: +0 UZ "-4.^ 1

- 48 -
:

nM
QRN U5 )*i, )*00 f*N` k, ./h 2*,%
i` RN '\ "3
G )*"c \' )* B ", . ^ f*g k,
)*Z* 09 )`*' D :S
o*7 ( )*u6 S% > Y *,3 k,

]^=*0 Gh*` k,
X4 I' )%0=, )*p o*7 )G )5%
# )*i
)*i f%3 ` f*g 69 k- RN' )*,7 o*7 W*` d9 QU'"
*` $N6 ' o@/ o,a B/, ' " )% %- B/, $g ^
q / )*5-U" [8' B K*GZ k, )g4w )*'=% fG*, -R )*i
( S0 k, )& )*, ` U'" k`{ 6' *//7 G4 B U/
.)%0=, ) )0*% ' k G,' )Y )`*/ QRt f7x > )*i
- 49 -
:

:
#$% &' " !

/0& 1
2
( (

)
*+ ,% - $.

A B -C=
5+@
;
< = > 2 ?(
293)
3 45% 673
"5 J & I,/ HA ?
5
4$D/ + AE 3%
&3 "5 FG
K$L3=
B5M3 "D2 N5+ - O
0DP K/D3 - O 45%
5
+3
.
5+@ V WL UU &5+ T/ + E Q/
+R SG
;
NDZ #)! *+
; K 5$ NDZ #&UY
KU U J & H0/
]2 D+ 45% W 7$D3 ^/ 7_ À' KY\ K3 [B'
AE.ef & F5 45% 7 D 7>M3 *+ W, 5% bBc Wd "$EY K 5$ a;
: h$D2 HA B AE #)! *+ gGQ/ W U +
G)m; ,%l=
M3

M3 k
g _ 27 :
KU U jI

5+@
;

3 45% 673
^
/0&
2
.n\ Ûc "MU=
a; "L _ IE ?l@ g _ C7U :
o/c -
$L
KU U jII
.
5+@
;

2
= g=7 p
2) U 1 q\
U U
k m
B ' ^ #&UY r&U ",B+ g _ :#&UY KU U jIII
.#&UY
- 50 -
:

: I
`s t; u&U $'
DU03 !
UDc vw *+

B w
/Z
DU03 4D x G ?
;
5$ D= 7t&3 ,>&Y 7L # B
])C)
5E03
/7@& _ ,$ L #)! *+ ?" ,>@ *$C , 2 , 5%_
eE
U D < &%= ,C7k Jy P Q_ g 45% ,U$3
KU U z& ?d
.1
+ IE IE J (
,3 U |7 ]${
+ IE -+ J_

+
U U & < ^~ vw *+ E '

*+ /Z 7!
, *+ ?
, *+
&U3
|7>
/7> != `s ?
DU0$5
AE ?À=
!
DU0+ v5 "
DU03 #$% d "/:
5
B5M3 #$%= " U
.
m!

B w
+%
DU0$5
3
/7@& ?
/3 K +; 45% [=
:N D N%${ n3 @ 7,L/ $'
v *
k
m j
.

m j
K.Smit et W.H.Slatures, Gestion de linformation pour le management de la maintenance, Le modle

MIMM , AFNOR, Paris, 1993, P : 09
- 51 -
:

:(1II)

m
k
m
M3

o/c KEY
/0&

3 45% 673

+L

2

( (

>7@

/7CY

/7/

5+@
;

n\ Ûc "MU=

#tY [9

/ !Y KB2 [9

/7CY KB2 [9

:
3 45% $%
& % *+ :3
Franois Monchy Maintenance, mthode et organisation , op.cit, P : 31- 46, 453, 476
486 : ?J=U -7+ ?

_7+
$' K67+ ?K 5$ a; ? & n7t +. ? e+) WU2 <Dk .
52
:

:!!"# $% 1I
v2/ K)= _ &7 z+ +T= 3 k
eE
M3 k

Y
k
+ < $'
' 7_3 K +; 45%
*+
B eE
/7CY

M3 k
o$ .
&D+ KU
7B+
5$% ,+ ~ + AE 1T' % FG -3 HB [7; 7C aZ p
, _ 0& ^/ p I7L _ , [5 W/ ?
B5 45% 7 D
73
2
:

@ $@ .
B K)=
% ? K GY ^DG ,+ ^5/ p
5D3
#$%
K$L+ N3 -+ K2 J/7> *%

/7CY
lB3 /6
.aR *+
:\ #V
M3 k
! a < *
!!"# $% '():(1II) &
!!"# $% '()
*+,
FG = j

#$% [ <' + s 7L I7=

;
5$ 7$U j
.
c W)+

-, ./0
./ + 45% -B7 + 45%

f> j
3
. &D W D+ ! h= </ 5 [7 j

. m K) j
;
5$ U 45% 790 Y D k 9l Ks KY\ j
.,B2 %
4"
.lB3 K) Fc

;
5$ v2 j
56,
12
479: ?J=U -7+ ? & n7t +. ?e+) WU2 <Dk .. 1
240: ?2000?
/U; ?
+V ?"a;
&27+ " H7& $ U. 2
53
:

.
#$%
f/
% j
./ + 45%
v / j
.K3 N5+ + 45% 7 D
=27 vC j
.-/7D " $5 e; 7$ 72 j
.K3 v5 "
&D / j
44: ?J=U -7+ ?eo/c 0_ u$G e+. :3
:!!"# 2I

hAE J 9
&D+ K7/ J_ , 5% 7 D E

@ W L eE
.
%C3
R *$C K[7;
La maintenance corrective :77 12I
*+ ] AE 45% J5/ ?E,w NG r )m p
#$% eE
$5
D7B
$V ^DG .(
G)m;)
)
Q/

FG = W p
#$%":eE
( (
AFNOR (norme X 60-010)
Fy n %:] E ?,B w #$' 45%
\ 3 2 "% E 1"
; K3 $Z g&&U (H)e@% % ?K$5 /7 @

5G7+ #)!
HA F % 7$ "
Fy ),UY % ?
$ $ ,2> |_
G v2 ^&D/ ,V 5! o+ 6 </ < * ?
fB+ Fy
2
., _ [6 % ^&D/ $ *% 5'

\ v2 ^&D= 5' [6
3
:*/7,L+
( (
5
*+ 20+
\ @ % 9l
I :8(9& :, 3-;
./ *+
;
5$
6+
Franois Monchy La fonction maintenance, formation la gestion de la maintenance industrielle, op.cit, P :

56
2
J.-M.Bleux, T.-L.Fanchon Maintenance, systmes automatiss de production , op.cit, P : 41
3
Jean-Marie Auberville Maintenance industrielle, de lentretien de base loptimisation de la sret ,
Ellipses, Paris, 2004, P : 89
54
:

u' HA r53 [ D+
\ % I :83 :, 3-;
. FG &2 g 5%
:n3 @ C+ E $' G73 *+
%${ J_
( (
K 5$% W
77 <*4:(2II)
a;
5$%
a; v2
a;
5$%
!
*+6

I@'
^5>
-C+
M@
U - $
( (
K 5$%
&273
#tY
Source : Jean-Marie Auberville Maintenance industrielle , op.cit, P : 92
La maintenance Prventive :(6 22I

K2 45% `s U
5 z+ +7= -C E
2
",B+ <
[7 K7+ % </ + % g_ A ,9G &2 `s

UU #% ]2
hAE < =+ `s ? FG = KG)m; [7 K7+ *+ T'
2
7B hAE 7,L .v2 ^=
&73 & v *+ %
DU03 ^ + %
*+ J5 eE 1.
DU0$5 e7 $ v2 u2 #)!
2
u s C=
5
= K6 , 45% K)/ #! W (@ u /6 e2 (B $% 7C
2
.a; v B! @ r % ? &' KG)m $% ^
293: ?1990?
/U;
+ ?
+V ?"
% K%7@3 e; @ "H27@ e5%. ?Hc $. 1
166: ?1993 ?
/U; ?I3 l@+ -/ ?"
;
/B J Z
+! 7/3 "
% #$' $. 2
55
:
2
<_ AFNOR (norme X 60-010) $5
D7B
$V ^DG
1
"+ 6 , #$G B
= &D+ /+ U 45% W p
":eE
2
< T_ CEN W 319-003(1997) $5
=
5 +
I p , 5% 3 /$5 _ B5U K7_ 45% H7 p
"eE
2
"K3 E @_ KY$G *+ c
J Z ^ 4& Y
2
",B+ /Z v/ uB5! $,+
7$ / -/7D ),UY " *+ KY\ K3 45%
L_ E G IE
. % $' a; v5
&D B 45% _y P e5 @
v2 FG #$G 5 4D
] WE *+
2

W,D p 7m WE *+ E H7B #m E
o3
c * G
*+ ] AE < = e$D/ q\ a;

BD5_ *+
o/c a; WL J &
x/c e$5 & + Just-In-Time Maintenance Û3 u2
=
3
. =/> ? E

2
5
W $ *$Q _ z 7 (B K 5$% [7 45%

2
7 Y
KB2 FG < *+
;
5$ 7$U 45% _Z p
/7@&

$L
.,_E J Z 45%
DU03 %D
' $%
G K3 KY\ ]&; <$C 7{ *+ 7o' <oG& 7/
4
:
5o$3 K B
@ *+
%${
3 *+ #&3 D3 J (

$L K3 ^ 7 ! W $ $( K2> *$C 7$D+ a;
5$% e&U p

/7@&
$L W $ e & k " FG -+ ,=3 +$5
/ Km(B - "L
5+@
#$%
/0&
K 5$% [7 1
2
Franois Monchy La fonction maintenance , op.cit, P : 58

Franois Monchy Maintenance, mthode et organisation , op.cit, P : 35
# + <& -+

"*/
%
$5
=7
$L3 ?e%$Y H2Y [ 7 | 3
12: ?2004 ? / ?"
=7
481: ?J=U -7+ ? & n7t +. ?e+) WU2 <Dk .. 4
56
:

.
5 @
c 45%
L_ *+ K3 &C v L u /6 :(6 1+@0122I
1
:eE Im
9)9
2
$@
Maintenance prventive systmatique
:4?+ (6 (1
% ^DG *+6 ^DG &D+ + z+ #V _ E7 W/ p
eE
K7+ $5'
+L
2
5 -Q K3 KY\ < P ?
\ EAB p K 5$
45% $%Y=
\
G /Z W/ 7+ ' ?
+
$' a =
+
+ 7_
.(..?
_o ?7c
?]BY) KU *+
%${
2
<_ AFNOR (norme X 60-010) $5
D7B
$V ^DG
""MUY KG *+ % ^DG z+ #V _ W p
@":eE
+L
"
\
G *% 7L =
/
B= D -2 #&U"Q/
+L
2
<_ CEN W 319-003 $5
=
5 ^DG
2
"
+ K7_ 45%
\
G *+ J( < AB p
2
":eE
:n @ #)! *+ W EB3 hAE C *
t0
Ips1
T
Ips2
T
Ips3
T
"MU *+
Y
+L
2
K)! : Ips
&D+ eE ! 7_ :T
,2> B a; K6 , ' -+

+L
2
I
./ ,$ (@ , /6 ,B L= `s ?
;
* x G E D
,U
+L
2
5 T
o$
J5/ $ _
m!
B5+ , 5% A!0/ g Y ?&D+ < ! 7_ < )!
.e 3 ^V=
1
2
Jean Hng Pratique de la maintenance prventive , Dunod, Paris, 2002, P : 4

Franois Monchy Maintenance, mthode et organisation , op.cit, P : 37
57
:

Maintenance prventive conditionnelle:A*
(6 (2
g= $D+ G
\ 5= o$/ N+ 7t 7_ %
*+ v AE !/
s ,/B *
_C [&% $Z H0 U
m < c AE < x [ *+
.,2
>7@
u5!
2
<_ AFNOR (norme X 60-010) $5
D7B
$V ^DG

E *+
G 45% # B5U /3 _ W p
@":eE
>7@
1
"
+R
<_ 2 M.VISINTINI ^DG ?
\= V
_73
>7@
2
^5
p
=3 K 5$% #)! *+
\
c V M@ 45% v2/
*+ ] AE
: #o3 &U 45%
5o$3 t #)! W
u/6 D+
&27+ j1
u/6 ]
&27+ j2
7c
&27+ j3
Q
&27+ j4
... t ?7 :
=7, KU = j5
...6EY 2 j6
Maintenance prvisionnelle ::*:B
(6 (3
?`s = ,B5 K7t0+ aU ?K3

G 5Z 45%
hAE $
u2 E !l 1 *+

(5+ K)! M * K7t03 hAE #)! *+
.À J=U u2 ,7 #= Û3
/7/
<_ AFNOR (norme X 60-010) $5
D7B
$V ^DG
eE .K)! !l K3 E + 5( -Q
2
m":eE
3
"
/0&
J 2 k @= < G = 4$D
Franois Monchy Maintenance, mthode et organisation , op.cit, P :46

Groupe de Rflexion et dorientation en Maintenance, op.cit, P : 50
3
Franois Monchy Maintenance, mthode et organisation , op.cit, P :46
2
58
:
&> J_ K3 KY\

G J_ (/
( (
2
vm <
:N N5@ C+ E $'
C < DE< F6:(3II)
F6
C <
Y [7t
=Y
c
Y
c
2

+L
E
/=
2

/7/
>7@
v2
( (

Source : Daniel Richert, Marc Gabriel, Denis Malon, Gaetan Blaison Maintenance base sur
la fiabilit , Masson, Paris, 1996, P : 11
59
:

!, , A DE< F6:(4II)
9l g
\ % E
a; 45% &' 5U
+)D D+
W
W
&+
B5
( (
m
#$U *$3 *+ E
\ 45%
=275 K
+L
m
W
K hAE #$U
/7+ g
W
>7t
m
Source : CHAIB Rachid La maintenance industrielle , Editions universit Mentouri de

Constantine, 2004, P : 25
:J//*4 G(6H I(6 1G0 222I

1
:(6 1G0:0
:,# =. L MEN
U$3= $D/ AE ?K3 5D z 5( ^5/

2
#$% A B
. *+ ] 45% + [Q
2
5 45o3
:O+# =/6P Q-R
@B 7% *% v@5 K$5 e+ m7 A B=
2
"
.[ /+ &C <$Q
:-, P MEN
J_/ < ^~ HA
\ v2 z+ # ^DG W
2
K 5$%
.

$,+ ,D/ NB w NE N= J_ ^5/ + AE ?a;
5$% -+
1
Jean Hng Pratique de la maintenance prventive , op.cit, P : 06
60
:

I/= a; 7/+ $D/ Y +% NC k </ < G *+ o'
e _
/ NB w N= V J D <_ g 5% ?
#$% ! 45% $ *+ @
v2 KY(U &%Y N% A!l/ &D+ z+ #V _ v25 K2
.a; K+65D+ 45% $%
:S* T4U Q-R
N= A! z+6 #V "7GY _
2
K 5$% QZ <
.
$ L K/6= " #)! *+
+)D /+ &%Y
:Q9"# $EV MEN
,D/ - 6, #&U |(U # *

m eE
2

, 5% ^5 W/ Y p <6M3 - = -C ^
2
_ ?<6M3 D
$,+
.Û3 u2 Y
:EW X, Y+4 MEN
< ^~ )m;
5$% <
a; N= 7 / + &k -23 k
t ^&D/ -2 7_ "% o+ '@3 = a; D! ^
/7U <
.
DU03
2

U U $% #)! *+ g& * + AE ?
5/> 7B
\
'7G
:(6 (6H:Z
:,+ /% _ J Z
2
J & H0/
A B= [& &2 3 _ /3 "MU
2
#$% H0/ .1
c

B5' 5 1 *+ $ 7+
K3 7_ [
> GY 3 <6 45%
=27 7 D *+ *$
c , _ */6M D+ 5
> GY $5
5B K GY /Z

$ B 1 *+
#$% [ C; u2
c 5
C;
c
+R a! K$5 C; v2 u2 5
61
.2
.3
.4
.5
:

[

5/& KY\ K3= $oU) #+
c B .6
Û3 u2
+M5 K3
^&D= r3 a;
&D 5
a;
% NDZ K3 [ [B' / .7
fB3 K)
N B N5@$5
+)D <+ I7w / .8
! @= KB2 #G
<! 7 r7D ^&D= F5 5 .9
K/ $ a
NA&3 ,V u2 !
59$3
#$% ;
$)3 & _ .10
.
K 5$% 7
H 4D p IE J Z
2
+7= J & \ @ N&/
[& 7! KDU03
=
D_+ *+ , p , #m5
+!

DU0+
.|D
(6 [ !V (6H:(5II)
@
B5' B
+)D /
293
%7D
_
2
7 D v5' 5
%

V NDZ
45: ?J=U -7+ ?eo/c 0_ u$G e+.:3
:(6 //*4:Z
B5 *+ o= 7o'

/2 K7+
2
5 "L H e/ < e,/& *+
% 45% eUU @= $

2

$L <l= 7's H7Q *+ g Y ?
&
K) ^&D= -Q u2
B5' ?
?a3 ] ?

62
:

,_
_C;
v/3 KB25 G a) eE uD $' ?...?
B
.
B5 5 Q/ W,D < *$3 *+
K B =
:eE
2
K7+ <_ U AE 45%
{T3 k K) KB2 5 .1
#$% W L ^&D=

#$
_C; #$%
B5' 5 .2
K( 5 7k & KB2 5 .3
K
$
% ^&D=
D= K) <'
G
5 52 K( 5
B5' .4
+MD3 3
> GY

G K3 ^&D=
% NDZ K) ^&D= v a; 5 .5
K3 [B' / H 5
7$oD3 #+
c *+ 5 U AE
5/& K3
c 5 .6
^V Ad
v5' x G *+
7c K3 /Z À'

B5 Ks
> GY 3 /Z .7
2
"L 7_3 K+53 #)! *+
=53

r53 <6M3 5
> GY K 45% Q_ 7 U .8
a; 45% N5+5
%
+)D I7w NDZ .9
.a; v5' 5 .10
v5' *%
_' 7_3 K+53
f
2
"L= [& &2 H7Q *+

B5' ?
B K) ^&D=
23 K%D % ?
=D
D #)!

v5 hAE a; D! v5'
_C *$3 *+ ?....
_C; K%D N5+
g+
23 K73 -+
2
J &
B5= ,+ K+53 hAE 45% #c=
.
; / 45% E 9l
2
J &
l= 5 ; ]2 *
:(6 !0 322I
M3 - [l=
DU0$5 $D g&5 HA
2

45
J Z 45%
= <0D3 WE 7_ / ?K% Q 5 H7B 5=
63
:

$ + K3 45% , & $@/ p

@ <6/ *+ WE&%= IE hAE
:e5/ $ _ o$ p
:\ '7 0
[6 /Z H7Q *+ ?
2

+! *+ K3 g&5 + M@ =
? B (B=
mR 5 45% $%Y= K3 `5 *+ ,(_ ^5/ p K7B
\ [6
_' *$Q
$,+ J9 eE
3
,V &2 *+ 6,
B J9 eE
^ KR
/7 À' r53 (B
% (_ aZ p
$,3
*/A N_7@3 #$ 7_3 TR *+ BD/ s ?E7BP
_' < Y 2.,%&
, 5% bBc= <+/ *+ W K3 (_ #$%l=
53 K+5$5 + Q_ <T/
#G
/@UY WT! *+ BUY * $'
59 K+ 45%
L_ W J&U
.
7k 6! ^/ p K
1
: B (B %; N/7> % KDU03 $
:], '7 B:*A :0
(_ <+;= s EA B
,D +3 % " (B
/7> "MD
G Mt <+= 7 Ad
mR 5 "MU= u2 B= KMQ3 K'7
.< G ^5k
$,3 hAd "
</ À
c < [6 = (_ 7 (B *+ ] AE D+ <
.
D& 6, c
U= (B
:'"# '7 B:*A:Z
K7B= & +3 "MD/ ?+ J7> K+ M3 (B ay
= K7_ 45% </ 7o= 5 7 p [6 45% 7$D+ =
=+
.2 5 ,C7 #$G </ p [6
&D=
2
:eE U K&%Y *+
%${ B (B 7
5$% -Q
:P*_ ,# .1
528: ?J=U -7+ ? { &m. ?*D 7 &%. 1
48: ?J=U -7+ ?eo/c 0_ u$G e+. 2
64
:

G % < R z 7o'
2
m 7G ! 7o' K3 ^5
.7! K3
= v2
;
5$ U *+ '@+ H0/
/7_
:3Z-# ,# `3; -# .2
/V [6 45%
2
K 5$% 7
+ /Z $,+ + AE /
#$%
U
+ 45% _ # Y TR < &%Y N= A! ^~ E ?K$5
+7= [ 45% N5@3 ^/

+ @ = /V [6 45% ,DB
.
2
:a '() .3
?
3 3 ] 7_ x G *+
+R v/7 ? @ ! *$Q
K7_ 45% 7$U= @ K3 u' s $ _ Q/ ?7c Q ?
% ,_o'
.
B5 ++
B5 K+! " ,DB eE K3 hAE < $' ?
+
:*-, .4
- D , 5% _Z v ' I7
5+ <_ 7$= K3 u+ $5'
*+ K= ?),UY '= K3 K= $5' s ?, _ vQ -2+ M@
#+
2
K _ 7 *+ = Y E ),UY
5G7+ -_ 7$
5G7+
.E7
:b63 4XE 3!4 .5
?-3 F5
+)D=
53 K&53 &%Y N= K3
m A!l < ^~
@
= + .G < , & * ?6
@ 7o' *+ v L (B
@
~ ^ '@3 FG -+ 45% "$EY 6'7_ K K3
7!
.
c '@$5
&U+ #5G
:7 c:9 5
H2 9l *+ g P
2
"L UU $,+ [6 / W (@ u /6
W (@ u /6 "L -C % ?#&+ @= K3 45% bBc 3 = ^/72
:^~
65
:

"(@ K/65 K3
G + /Z
3 gZ HA W(@ u/6
%
.W(@ u/6
_C /&
/
*+ K+53 hAE o+ 45% #(5 6, K$ 5
B J9=
UY *
5 hAE .7 A E _ ,D
f_3 "(@ K/6
_7+ H7Q
KY\ x/Z / KY [7@' ?KY\ 45% 7 p K [C 45% 7$U=
/ [C 45% W (@ u /6 +7= A B

WD2 / ....&U
.$
$ KY\ ! W (@ u /65 6, W $ hY = ! KD
u2
\ u /6= gDB [5 *+ "/ ,V E&%=
:e5/ + ,+ a * v/ *+
%${
/0&
5
&27+j
\ K6E 5Z)
G KU 45% [= AB p eE
/0&
"
Fy $% v@5 a;
5 U
&27+ U 45%
&+ K2 (...K/6 5Zj7c
"
5G7+ < &2 '@+ *+
W 2 6, "MU #)! *+ E/Z W/ p
eE
/0&
"
aZ p e% 7/
'$D 2 ?6EY 2 o+ (B 6,
5 @
"+
_ T!
$5%
_73
202: ?J=U -7+ ?"a; "q@ )m. 1

2
R.Keith Mobley La maintenance prdictive , Masson, Paris, 1992, P : 05
66
:

7t0+ < 3 @
G C
/ 7$D+ KU 2 45% & p
eE"
&2 Fc= 0& * g_
$L+
/7= KU hAE A!
+
G ?,+)D
"
=53
[7 W/ ?,9G
*+ `s g9G &2 g2 F 0& 45% $ p
#$% eE"
1
"h@Y + h/Z 1 *+ 7$D3 D (B
&273 #)!
42 J Z *+ K3 KY WL3 m7 E v/ hAE N= 7@3 &3
lB3 KB2
B5 % *+ 5/ r5U AE .)m ' N= z+6 mB *+ 2
.$5+ 5! ,w *+ /> u2 &2 H Y A+ '@3 I@' 45% 7_/ g
:e5/ +
/0&

@ *$Q
6, $Z + 45% I7 H0 p Km(B
_' eE :./U @67H (1
.,&P $ e ,$ $ W/ p I7L5 K3
6, v5 45% E7 W/ p Km(B
_' eE :a .+Z0 '7 (2
[72 o+ K 3 & K[72 A! J/7> *% ,&27+ *+ ,_/ <= K3
A! + 6, #$U * $' ?7c 2 À'
+ J>+ K6EY
eE [! = 45% I7 )! *+ * p t [9 KY\ *+ o m
.,/=
&27
eE
*+ 7! ] a /
/0&
*% x/c <

B5 5 a7R u2 5 - D x G ?
] FG *+ p
* #5c " Y , '@3 Z ! < s ?
/0&
*+ Q_ DP
45% $ , ?
5@3 + G #6 `s *+ = E + 7(
&27

. Y 45%
5&+ [6 H /Z
/0&

:!!"# e :_ Gf 3I

La maintenance base sur la :6,# `3; =9V*# 13I
fiabilit
1
R.Keith Mobley La maintenance prdictive , op.cit, P : 04
67
:

*+
%${ u+2 +% K D 7! (
293)
3 45% 673
K7,w
Boeing ] *+ K7
= ! +7= =
3 K7
m #{ NoG&
(Maintenance MSG WU g 5% J5> HA 747,DC 10, CONCORD,Airbus A340
#{
3 45% 673
+7= J & 1984
U 1? steering group)
D7B= (Reliability Centered Maintenance) RCM WU uZ /7+l=
/
2
OMF WU uZ

/7 hAE W $ $ _ + ? (Optimisation de la Maintenance par la Fiabilit)
(Association pour le ADEPA N= HA < = D7B= K= _ e% #
Dveloppement
de
la
Maintenance base sur la
Productique
et
de
r' m= 4, HA
lAutomatisation)
Nancy(ESSTIN)
+
2
.fiabilit
45% $/ WL+ eE /

m r5U TY
3 45% 673
<
*%
!
45% $ 45o+
! ,5
2
"L t
= NDZ
N= A! #)! *+ K3
+ / 45% 6 '7= `s ?G 42 KY\
3
. FZ p #% K3= V
_73 ^5 e,_ (
3)
293 +7= &%Y
*%
+% 7_ [%= $D
o/c K = *+
5MD3 v/ = E
4
:
3 45% 673
"MU=

$L

5+t
7U eE
3 45% 673
"
""L AE
5ml3
293 <$Q 5(5 WL+ r5U
(7_)
G D3 e~ ND( *+
2
+7=
+2;
5 U eE"
"
7c K3
"
$L eB w 5D5
2
_73 45% UU W2 r5U eE"
5
:
3 45% 673
I
1
Daniel Richert, Marc Gabriel, Denis Malon, Gaetan Blaison, Maintenance base sur la fiabilit , op.cit, P :
07
2
Franoi Monchy, Maintenance, mthodes et organisation , op.cit, P : 472
3
Daniel Richert, Marc Gabriel, Denis Malon, Gaetan Blaison, op.cit, P : 05
4
5
68
:

E 9l V
+)D 45% 9l *+ P
7G T p K3 (7_)
G NDZ
MBF eD 7 I E ?$ U 45%
2

! A B #)! *+
B #% *+ c
a; N= ",$5 V -/ #)! *+ a; <_ #> *+ c
B
M3 k KG)m;
c *$C d W(
= ,&27+
v
.
; /
:n @
&+ G73 *+
%${ J_
3 45% 673
W
6,# `3; =9V*# <*4:(6II)
/7Q K3 -23 !
.1
M3 K3
$2
B 7 5Z
.4
eB w @B 5Z
.2
AMDEC*
#%
$2
r&U
$2
2
K[7 !
.3
2 K[7;
$2

! A B
Source : Franoi Monchy Maintenance, mthodes et organisation , op.cit, P : 475
La fiabilit :(6Z6#) 6,# g:*,V 113I
K, I)! *+ Wk7 45% NM3 NoG& "$E=

3 v/7 eLG
:l= u_7% s ,+,B+ #G ]O g&t E <_ WE7L
69
:
5$ (,6
'3') g
%7B K+L3 "L Y -23 #$GY"
2 "% < ?
+ 7B 7@ KBm$5 _
C7+ =
;
J5/ 7@ KBm3 *$C ,B w 45%
;
5$
'3 "L
+ #)!
+ @ I7w uZ ,B w [ 45% 3 2"eE ?1"@B= , 5%
I7w uZ % <= vw5 a3 [
$G" l= I7 ?2"
+
3
"
+ 7B
+ $%
< #$G ":eE
293 <_ AFNOR x 06-501 $5
D7B
$V ^DG
.4"
+ 7B "MU 7t *$C = g5$% [ , 7$D/
:eE 7m%
= *+ <
3 < v/7 AE #)! *+
:-<.1
Fy Y NG + @_ Fy 2 g z/
3 e$2 + E
3 $%
$G < # _ (0j1)N= + g$ 2 K +; I7L B 7! a+
.0.05 eE @B
&D < z/ A,_ 0.95=x
:./U.2
&U 45% ?g5 *+ u$$m HA 75
\ [ "% [
+ 2 *$Q/
`s = /
/ *> 0.7 h2 -2+ -_7
=7,'
_ W $ #o3
.W $ KBm3
:3a 1*?.3
u$$m 2 K3 &_
\ 3 @ [9 E _ ^
I7L eE
a! ,C
G -/7D " 5 7 2 ,
/& !
%
29P $5
.*(@ 7t */6M ^ U À' @ I7w *$Q ?
/&
?",+U , &
o/c K (
293)
3
5+@ V " $ H7t ^/. ?H5& &% $c &% 1
153 : ?2006 ?<$% ?|7@
* Analyse des modes de dfaillances, de leurs effets et de leurs criticits.
Claude Pellegrin, Fondements de la dcision de maintenance , Economica, Paris, 1997, P : 05
296 : ?2008 ? </<$% ? ?"K 5$ a; " ?7/6+ W+. 3
70
:

:a c.4
Y= / ?#$UY

@B Fy SG eQ p
+6 3 @/
.$, 5' u2 "MUY
1
:45%
3 ",B+ J&/
(
% K6 ,) 55
5= K3
.(...? =3 ?[6) 55
5= k K3
:n3 @ 55
5=
$L d 7 p K7B v5 C *
h33 3iB -?U j * k ,i# _ :(7II)
FG
% #
6 , %
+M5
qo
6 ,
G
$%
G 6 ,
B
$%
G 6 ,
5
A
MTT
+) *+6
("MUY
L
MTTF
MDT
MUT
MTBF
Source : P.Lyonnet, La maintenance, Mathmatique et mthodes , TECHNIQUE et

DOCUMENTATION LAVOISIER, Paris, 1992, P : 52
(%
G 6 ,) v2 :A
($%
G 6 ,) #tY :B
% # &2 u2 U+ E :MTTF
G.Bosser, J.M.Guillard, Maintenance des systmes de production , Les ditions Foucher, Paris, 1990, P :
170
71
:

K) N= u2 U+ E :MTBF
@ *% v2 u2 U+ E :MDT
5 = @5 6 ,
G u2 U+ E :MUT
. 5
5$% |7D3 z u2 U+ E :MTTR
MUT=MTBF <_ MTBF<< MTBF <' s
@ #)! *+ d 7 p G73 C *$ _ 5
5=2 k K3 $ _
:n3
h33 3iB $% -?U j * k ,i# _ :(8II)
G
6 ,
B
*+6
Source : P.Lyonnet, La maintenance, Mathmatique et mthodes , op.cit, P : 53
:6,# 1G0 l0 213I

7L
, *+ ,CB *%
O 7>M3 #)! *+
3 IE
C *
1
:`5,D3 3
:m+# *? P T4
45% %D/ Y HA K3
+ B! H0 K3
+ B :EH+#
.
D_ 6 + 45% #c
K3 <$ / */A WE W
3 [@ UU &&U :T(i9 3!4
.g 5% ^5 U g 5% #/ Y HA a3 <
493: ?J=U -7+ ? & n7t +. ?e+) WU2 <Dk.. 1
72
:
+3 K$Q -B7 K3

+ B
G :4n gV -o
.<=65
Wd 7C #G
G /= *=6
&+ eE :6B 3(E# gV
.K3 K3
+ BY
:p3E# *? P T4
W+ *=6= 7C; H0 2 KY\ K$5
QBM3
3 < :Q4U
.
/
5G K7 K'7 @_ o+
^&D Û3 u2 *% 7!l K3
+ B ^&D/ :-(X# ];
. o +3 [=7, 6, % o+ Y "% a%;
_C #+ -_ *=6 QB/ A

_C #+ *=6 &/
3 B :g3
.
%
+ Ks K+ 45% #c =+
:6,# +G $:,4 313I
7>
=
+
+ 7_ #)! gBw [ 45% [6V "L 2
3
G a; v5' B!
;
25 o+ #)UY -+ , 5% #/ K+
:\ *+
3
UE /+ vl ?
D_ 6 + J Z Id *
:MTBF X!, Mi c6 q64.1
5= ,6 G

Fy HA 7! % N= u2 U+ g= /
*+ #% N= u2 U+ rDG W/ ?
+E 7t0+ / ? 55
:

3 #)!
(#tY "% u2 je5 u2 ) @ +
= N5% N= u2 U+
K) %
.6, KY
G3 [B ]B 45% MTBF ]B #/
73
:

MTTR :h3
c q64.2
&U 7B/ p ,6 G

\ 5 #=; ") u2 U+ E
:
\
3 #)! *+ MTTR / ?0B K,3
&U3 [6 7_=
K2 ]${
= 5 u2 U+
KYG %
-B $5' s e; [ 45% 9l 45%
+ + MTTR /
.,6 KY\
G uQB MTTR
:<V .3
? M3 #tY + #)! d
>3 ,Bw [ 45%
\ 2 l= I7
:
\
3 J & #)! *+ ^DZ
MTBF
=
GY
1>
MTBF + MTTR
: ,4 .4

+ 7_ ,5 @ 45% 4Q+ p K6 , %
$G @B #+ e/
:

2)= / ?#tY K%D= % / 6+7= g 6+7/ ?
+2
+
Lc H
=
1
MTBF
Totale productive maintenance:34 PW 23I

Nippon
=
'7@= 1960
U
/ /
5+@
3
m <
# ?Toyota
'7@
= eE K D
%=
mR
=7, -5
3 Datso
JIPM <= -/@3
m ,+ 7/+ Seiichi Nakajima E & AE $U *+
*+ <' TPM -U QG # ?(Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance)
74
:
;
K 1.1990"%
/7+ (3 K/Y= % 70+ #)!
+ 9l *+ 7t&+
' TQM
5+@ V +7= -+
5+@
+7= *+ [6'
'@+ u(_ x G
o
3 r7c =
=
% 45%
|7> J_ W < ^~
#$% < C= t ISO 9000 : 2000 <) TQM
.(
; K 5$ 7$U *$Q
:34 PW g:*,V 123I
I,/
'7@ ' $@/
5 +7=" gl=
5+@
;
+7= I7/
[ [B' -_ '@3 K) 5 J/7> *% 7DR 5 $ I7w NDZ
N5+ - O
'@+ J/7> *%
'7@ KY\
5%_ DP [Y"E ?"K3
5+@
;
r T/ HA Nakajima &2 *+ I7/ À'?"
#$%l=
- M , _ P K%
_' $@/ 3 G 7_ #>
5 "L"gl=
."

2
:
7m 45% Hy
5+@
;
+T +@ v/7
$5
5
B W L I ]7@3 G 7_ #>
2
5 +t "L -Q (
?a; ?
U ;)
'7@ K *+ /
U= , & W/ #$ 5 ; *+ N5+ ' $@ . $ K%${ 6 BZ #)! *+
2
7@ 45% $ :34 PW 1G0 223I
3
:eE IE
5O
5+@
;
JZ
~ K) K% Q 5
5$ [ NDZ #)! *+ K3
5%_ NDZ .1
7%
V+ *% C% #5c
1
2
Florence Gillet, Goinard Laurent Maimi, Toute la fonction production , Dunod, Paris, 2007, P : 154
Kumio Shirose, Le guide TPM de lunit de travail , Dunod, Paris, 1994, P : 30
484 : ?J=U -7+ ? & n7t +. ?e+) WU2 <Dk.. 3
75
:

K,+
$ $ <$Q
/0&
2
#B "MUY .2
=
mR K[7; ^ U "MU N5+
H7 [=
/7G N5+ [% < - @ - +{ t 45% $ .3

@ [ NDZ
= _
r " Zro- Dfaillance K6 , #% K2 " #m .4
1
.
/73
; NDZ h= H0/ + E ?$ FG " Zro-Dfaut
:34 PW [ !V 323I
5+ ' < < ^~

5+@
;
+7= J &= [& W/ e'
o N :,V AE R .+T=
+65+ ; *+ 5 K/D3 <l=
+
W EB+ 45%
5+ ^/ ]2
0D+ g% 45% - HA TPM JD+
7o'
D </ P +T AE ?+t / +7= #)! *+ E/ W,$ ,B TPM
.g+
5+ < %B JD3 @ ^D
$% |7_ @ W/ E% +T u&%U 2
5+ <l= JD3 -/ +%
-+ 7t&+ G= $ < , 5% ^/ x G |7B hAE E JD3 </ + %
" '@3 M@ Q/ 0D+ *+ ?
eBw+ -+ N5@3 -+ $ '@+
,D $= AE
5@3= I7%Y *$ c
/= < Y ?
( ( #$%=
#$%l= KT! WE% 7! +7= J_ <5$/ ' */A $ |7_ [Q% &
.&/ ' p k +7=
#Y 1 *+ '@3 G 45% $ < 7+
/= |7B5 Q_ *+
. 5 ,_7 K)D= $% BZ < 7o'_ %
45% $/
/0&
2
[ z/ Y
5+@
;
J & <
^5/ AE ?
&U3 #5c= a7M ,55y K + K+5+ *+ $,% / + -O
k -2 *+ 7_/ +
+7= *+
+) K+53
_' , _ 7_
+5+ %2
. ,3 K/D+
1
Daniel Richert, Marc Gabriel, Denis Malon, Gaetan Blaison, op.cit, P : 67
76
:

:34 PW [ !V 3V
1
:
\ v $Z "65/
5+@
;
J &
3 '@3 5R 45% [Q z/ AE ?45o3 ,G K3 % .1
/ K+ 6,
_C [6 = #&U "65D/ 2
[7t K$ +7 KE #$% = "65D/ AE $ -2+ K3 v L % .2
B L
&7+
G -23 [= 45% %D p F9 K = v L K
W,P ]B)
e _ ^/
UU
K,+ 45% N5@3 ^/ .3
.
5+@
;
K,+ 45% N5+ ^/ .4
:9O3 rW ://*#
TPM +7= J & @_ 3 + K6 ,5
O;
5%B 2 T/
p &
D K% Q C/ E ? % 85 *%
/73 Y ^~ x G
'7t H
2
., 5 TPM +7= 4D/
:n @ #)! *+
5%B hAE W 2 m/ HA D3 C *
05 : ?"
5+@
;
" ?J/m W L &% !." 1
www.arab-eng.org/vb/login.php
2
77
:

rW ://*# E4:(9II)
KY\ @ *+
&
D K% Q
$( *+
K6 , @_
U KY3
K) *+ $( *+
=
/6EV #+
e5B *+6
^&D= K% C
/ $(
$( *+
KB2 K% Q
- *+ % a; H7L *+6
(
GY)

K)
K% C
KC_73
%7D
^&D= K% C
B3 @ *+
*+6
H7L
=[ #+
%7D KQB
5$ KC_7+
3 KQB
- hAE a; e5B *+6

KC_73 %j
3 - %
=V #+
3 - %
Source : Franis Boucly Le management de la maintenance, volution et mutation,

AFNOR, Paris, 2me dition, 1998, P : 62
78
:

Le taux de rendement global (TRG):9O3 rW ://*# ,4
D+ 45%

o3
&D eE hAE %85 *% / Y ^~
g=DG *
&> g=DG W/
o3
&D5 SG #3 AE NDZ
5+@
;
4D
1
:
\
$5
V #+ x [ #+ x
/6EV #+ = (TRG)
O;
/73 #+
2
:</ < g= 4m3

% 90 *+ T'
/6EV #+
% 95 *+ T' [ #+
% 99 *+ T' V #+
:TPM
[ !V e 6,# i6, 423I
# o' K'7t 2 (D3 7+=

5+@
;
J &
.E k /7_ r /6 + /%
= # (3 K/Y <= o+
B5
*$C *+ .Q/ # hAE = @B KYG *+ % Im "L AE J & *
3
:
5+@
;
J & @_ H0 2 p K&
5+@
;
J &
DU0$5 5 ; W% vC J & 45% %D/ Y @
N= < *+ J5! 45% "% N5@3 J/7> *%
A

A
= " 45% N5@3 -@ 6_G
$L "% ^/ AE ?"L AE J & *+ $/ e Û3 ^/ N5+ ^/ "% N5+ ^/ W[B' -_7
e _ ^/
#$% 45% N5@3 ^/ $@/
, &
B ' +
5+@
;
B= W, % +$%
1
2
Michel Nakhla, Lessentiel du management industriel , Dunod, Paris, 2006, P : 205

Franois Monchy, Maintenance, mthodes et organisation , op.cit, P : 457
06 : ?J=U -7+ ?"

5+@
;
" ?J/m W L &% !." 3
79
:

" 5
/& K$oUY & "L AE ay + % ?
/7U -2 = ~ K$oUY hAE
l 1 ? V ,G K3 %
_L #$%l=
V NDZ
; / 2B 5 m `s
5+@
;
J & 9l /+ "% .e5@ e6V J & Gestion de la maintenance :sC D_i =/> 33I
assiste par ordinateur
D3 #( E n\ Ûc=
+7= J & *+ @3 I <
K3 N= z+6 U3 /6
M3
E Y
^ U *+ 45%
WZ g% W/ (MTTR) )m z+6 U3 BY 45%
L_ (MTBF)
v2 K3
&D B
_C;=
/7@& 3 -2 <6 Q_
.a;
1
:sC D_ ]"i !!"# 3 U 3!# 133I
+)
#$% /Z l@3 K+ *+ + ' K+
G /
_7+
2
/
B= @ 7+
=+ m
K3
m #$%
+) K+53 - O ]7U
Bt ^/& */6
+
B5 ?+ ' @=

mR K & ?K3 K = ?*/3 K =
_C;=
K&5P ,= -+ <M3 KB5+ ?3

m
*/$5 [7@ 7+ m;
=53 - /Z -2 <6 W(
$ K7_ 45% ( (m /
#$% -/
G3
$5 o+ "MUY
45% ^/5 M -+ WTR
&U3 #$% W,+MUY N5+ K2 5Z -+
3 $ ^ U
10 : ?"n\ Ûc=
+7= "MU #(" ?u/% 5!/" 1
www.maintsmart.com/Arabikc/MaintsmartArabic.pdf
80
:

.
&U3 K7 sY 5!
B5M3
'7@ K N= K+53
:sC D_ ]"i =/> (6H 233I
+7= "MU *+ , 5% #c * p B *+ / E <

?
5$D3 ^ U "MU NDZ 45% 7=o3= Y ,' * Y n\ Ûc=
M3
B=
! / K3 #%
5m r&U
7+ 5Z J/7> *% `s
. 5
/; K/D3
H7/3 E _ , $ W/ p K & 45% $%
/
1
:e5/ $ _ B hAE o$
#$%
5 @ K_73 B .1
eC7_Y E7$% / K3 [ NDZ .2
K3 (
/)
G / .3
K3
m k -2 <6 B .4
7/5
$,3 )MUY
G; K &
U - $ .5
#$% J&D3 z+6 M W( 7/ .6
f &
+)D
( KBmP "6Y .7
(...[ ?[A)
% #$% *+ N+ ]=
m! K&5+ J Z .8
.6/Y ,t 45% #(5 El .9
::_ t+ -?0 II

eE [v' @=
o/c -
$L J & 45% 790 p
$,3 7m *+
.- +Y J Z eD $,+ 7% p
2
KA=

-Q&
'7G g&P < HA 73 a; (JIT) q\ a; "L "MD/

5$ K! *+ ! ' g x
+6+ */6, *+
$5D3 3 a; [9
Y
V3 7L
Q_ 3 g _ Y "L= / AE ?_
V3
G)
_
J & B p
'7@ <_ A ?3
V+ 7L K+ NQ_ N5+ g _
07 : ?J=U -7+?"n\ Ûc=
+7= "MU #(" ?u/% 5!/" 1
81
:
;
5$ K! '@3 *+ /
,+ ,DB 7 IU
2

.K 5$ 45% 7 D "% 5 v À' Fc <+
::_ t+ -?0 1II

:(JIT) C vW ]? =u 11II
! g 6+7/ HA (Just-In-Time production) 4$D/ HA q\ a; <
WL
%
U KY{ NoG& "$E K9 p K%C3 *+ / (JIT) 6+7=
. ! KD #)!
o/c a;
KU ?K D5 /
'7@= <= (JAT) (JIT) ",B+ 7,w
45% [Q 45% " /
BD5_ &m Taiichi Ohno &2 *+ 1950 K D$R
#$ N=
D=
+
U *+ K[ (JIT)
UU 7B . K% Q
+
2 N = #$ < K7= p K D
'7t N = N /7+
)/> 2 <,/ Toyota
'7t N = #$ < Ohno U ?N /7+=
g'7t [T! -O g= -_ + AE 1.
; 45% &5U / + E B3 k #$%
e "L $ "L /Z W,+ ^5> /7+l= K D
'7@= $ "L W 7t
&' 7/ g & K &D ++ "L &m < > 2 ?K D5
.
'7@ hA
3 K &D 7! "L AE J &=
= K'7@ *+ / K= `s =
.JIT "L J & = E *+ Toyota
'7t gG
:r&U
= <5& *+ h k < <= "L [@ r&U <oG& 6/ A
GD3 .0
& 3
52 .5
e%$V $ ^G .v
.<=
@
_o
m! ./
Michel Nakhla, Lessentiel du management industriel , op.cit, P : 127
82
:

K'7@ gG HA & [ <' JIT "L J & < U % E
_ g < Q "L A u
U
?
3 |U 6 $3 |7!Y
=
:, o'

; .0
V .5
.
QBM3
B5 .v
=
/7+ (3 K/Y 1980
U &Q= JIT "L ",B+
N= B '
/Y (GM) + #7
'7t ++ G N=
'7@+
$L+ Ul
(New United Motor Manifacturing u p
Bm+
= K D5 /
'7t
.(NUMMI) 7! 6+7/ Incorporation)
1
: "L AE A *% v@ #{ NG7+ 7L p, E
(Toyota
/ a "L Taiichi Ohno g $D/ HA (JIT) "L < 7 :wU =*?+
.6 $3 ,!

=
f &= hA &7 q=/ "L E Production System)

=
f &
'0 <= a! g & <=
( g &_
.gG gl@
G @ x G e/7+ E =/ m= "L AE < 7 : =*?+
K/7@ W 2 HA (H.Ford) _ H7 a 7B/ K D -+ < KU
A 7&+ s T/ ?K D
% ++ @=
B5 -+ g= &7 + -$$'
*+ [
= g$ EB+ ^5k (JIT) "L & Y < <7/ hY AE ."L
+ <
m!
/7+ ; |7> 9l & 7L hAE 45% A!0/ .(3 K/Y
p `5 SG
/7+ K'7@=
+
= K'7@ 6 + #Y (JIT) "L g= [
."L AE J &= KA!
+2:_
& K(53 $ B_ K $D *+ / "L AE 45% J5>
/6 a; ?(Post-Tayloriste) uD/5 = + ?(Post-fordisme) "6/B =
83 : ?2004 ?
& ?< ?-/ 7@5 |
DU0+ ?"K 5$ q= !3" ?W &% W. 1
99: ?2005j2004 ?<D$5
+ ? D+ 7'A+ ?"
%m
DU0+ ! u2 a; "L %2 [U"
& E e$ 5G 2
83
:

eC7 a; ?(Production au plus juste) a; ?(Production maigre)

&D Ohnisme ?Toyota
'7@
&D Toyotisme ?(Production transversale)
.Taiichi Ohno
K2& "L ?e% / "L :_

3
=7 K(53 $ _ +
45% 7 D "L ?(Zero inventory system) H7B */6R (Kanban system)
1
.(Inventory control system) */6R

DU03 g aZ + _ [7t a 45% "
BD5_" g 45% JIT "L I7/
u2 +
=53
$= _
c % a; " gl= Q/ I7/ ? 2"Û3 u2
(APICS)
*/6R 45% 7 D a

/7+
$V uG72 ?3"+ Û3
(American Production and Inventory Control Society)
7$D3 ND( ] Q *+ 5M I

BD5_" g 45% JIT "L B/7
4
"

:C vW ]? (6H 1G0 21II

45o3 _; NDZ IE `5= / JIT "L=
&7+
UU IE
D
3 K'7@ <

=53 v23 KU D 7/ #)! *+ e5 a; "L *+
:eE IE hAE ?
D_
& D+
- 5
5= *+ o+ W $ .1
a3 - W $
_73 3 WG 5 .2

=UY <=6 KG W,_.3
,/6,{
'7@ N=
(B3 K2)
o
$ .4
.a e5 "L NDZ *+ "6Y
$.5
% WL -+
+ ?q\ a; "L
=
% ;" ? & v 5 &% Hk 6_ . ?eo/c 0_ u$G e+. 1
10 : ?2002 ?
& ?< ?7@5 ?"
=7
2
Franois Blondel, Gestion industrielle , Dunod, Paris, 2000, P : 177

Francis Lambersend, Organisation et gnie de production , Ellipses, Paris, 1999, P : 157
4
Michel Nakhla, Lessentiel du management industriel , op.cit, P : 129
3
84
:

4D/ p 45o3
c *+ 4l/ IE hAE J Z <l= # * eUU @=
:\ @
(C3 ?h7m% #)! *+ u2 "L , Z
/x c6 ]? 1G0 :(10II)
u2 "L
H7B Fc
H7B v5
H7B / u2
H7B %; u2
/7B #%
H7B <6M3
/7B
3
112: ?J=U -7+ ?r _ "D= . :3

1
:\' JIT "L J & *+

(3 -_3 *
:T:9n y z.1
?,
c % [6 3 #m 7_ *+ eBD5B gUU JIT "L $D/
< *% )Q_ ?
V$5 [6 3 L *+
O ] Q +
E 7B 7E
7/ ,, ,+ BUY * #+ 7 $ / */6R & $oUY
.
% l@3
B5M3 K
:PW =/:{.2
?JIT
BD5_ A B
&>
eE
; / <
& KU *+ o @
: BM /6 hAE 6 s
+6 ,3 j
?2005 ?7E ?
/;
$5
=7
$L3 K@+ ?"K 5$ aY 45%
=27 M WL" ?r _ "D= . 1
157:
85
:

(a; ^ 3) KC_73 #+ j
.
7 KB j
:M3E# %* ,:*E iO.3
?
59$3
+
V J_ N5,D3 K&k7
/7U
=U JIT "L 7_/
WL
M3
+6 ,3 -+
+ $3
+6 ,$5 $53 & BY
.
/ 5
:g3 $H6V.4
W 5D W/ s ?<6M3 v5' B o$
/2 K_ JIT "L J & Jy
*/6R J3 _ `s
=53
$=
c % 7t&+
3 7@3 [6 3
.3 $ v v5'
À' Jy H7B
:/*:W =/:{.5
K&53 73
% 45% bBc '0+ K>@ J & % JIT
BD5_ aZ
+! z/ `s a3 6 $+ DZ Jy `t k *+ AE a;
5$%
.= K &3 / 1 *+ `5,D3 Q_
:- $H6V.6
o$/ 7m%
9)9 #)! *+ $oUY
G K7_ J (= JIT
BD5_ WD
B qo o$/ NG ?*/6R a; K 5$
=53
GD3 BM= #
.KY "MUY #+ / H a; WG /6= xo o$/ ?<6M3
:M34, *:6!V.7
-$ Y Y [6_ JIT
BD5_ z& UU &5+ N5+5 7/ ^/ /
*% )Q_ <3
f
#$% &= " 5 7B K2 + D/ ^5 % Y
.3 $5 r (
K)@3 N5+
'@+ Jy NG ?N5+
/ H0/ g5' AE
.
'7@5 W,$ N5+ C /6 K7 s
%
86
:

:C vW ]? *@+; 31II
?E/Z <oG& v5! hA B
/7C 7m%
%${ 45% JIT "L $/
1
:eE
+% = *
*/6R K/D+ .1
-_ =+ ^(D .2
K2& "L .3
5+@
% 7 D .4
2
.5
m "Gl= a; .6
%;
f , u2 .7
e5! ^ 7 .8
3 K,3 Hs <5+ .9
<6, .10
JIT "L a; .11
.7$D3 ND( .12
v ' N&/ s ?@ C+ E $' , = $ _
5!+
&> Ks 7m hAE <
]B 1 *+ K7M3 #+ K&o n=
% 45% 9l
2
<
.JIT
$L v D+ B 45% 790/ AE
5$ D+
265 : ?J=U -7+ ?eo/c 0_ u$G e+. 1

87
:

JIT ]? [ !V *@+, / # X, :(11II)
-
f , u2 B

_ WG
<&'
a;
= D
=2
JIT
%;
5$ D+ ]B

v B
73
K,3 e%+ #$%
K 5$ J_
K&o/
/$%Y
K7M3 #+
3 %
%
2

7$D3 ^/
? & v 5 &% Hk 6_ . ?eo/c 0_ u$G e+. :3

41 : ?J=U -7+
:(6 C vW ]? Mi X, 2II
/7$U *+0/ P g_E J Z JIT J &

$,3 6'7 G
2

K 5$% 45% 7 D #)! *+ K) FG 5 J/7> *% ,B2 "%
;
5$
^&D= `s ?
;
5$ [B' D+ -_ H0/ HA @= ,{7= J &

a; ! 45%
% FG KYG g+ ^(D5 @ uZ <6 "%
AE *+ W,B/ ?, 5 p a; G7+ KY\ - O v2 z/
+
v2 <_ 1 *+
88
:

/5 u2 @ [9 KY )m;
K 5$% [7; 3 u2 <
o$ q\ a; "L
UU K&53 G <_ g+ @ uZ <6M3 "%
K 5$% 45% #$ ^/ 7C +T AE ^5/
2
5 +' +7= %
J5 + &k)
=+ W= #$ [Y0E 6/ $' ., 5% <_7@/ p KY\
m )m
/ ?
\ @ ]7@ &2 ,+ ^~ p e+ (B $@ p (KY\ 45%
*+ g=72 W + <
= KDU0$5
&D= #$5 K 0D3 hAE U 7/T
,& / 2 + , 5% $/ p
\
&= DG; 45% 2 ,_ 7$D3 g5+
\
eG p (...7c
]B ?' ?G Km)
&> k + *+ d J(5/
l=
\ )+= @ g/ +5
0D3 hAE U < $' ?,B2 #$G=
.
mR g tl= W,/ $' d W, _ g+
0D+
K2 #. "$EY ^5/ 7+ <_
7
/
#$%
&D=
[B=
#$% *+ ] AE "
= K'7@ %D p + *+ ,7
*+
, *+ AE 7o' 45% N7_ G $% 7B U W/ Y -3 @ <
B7+
KY\ *+ % 45%
; 5$% A B $%Y QB K'7@ hAE <_ 7!
,
SG `s
%

2> Ks
$MC G
"MU %
;
2
a; ! v2 "% <$C )m;
K 5$% [7; Q_ 2 ,DB *+0
.7o'
#G e5' @=
:JIT E3H [H 34 PW 3II

<_ À' ?JIT "L 3 J_= #)!; H0/ < * 7! + <
5_ K)% FG < *+

& + [6 < * , m , /6 W/ Y p KY\
NDZ 7
5+@
;
",B+ z& 45% K'7@ u5$% _ `s ^
'7@
G NDZ K3 *+ ]BY / - v ] Q 5 3
%
.
5

9)o 7m z& 45% "/ TPM
5+@
;
"L J & <
a; "L [+Y &3 &D T p Nakajima d [ p Les 5S %
89
:

I 4CB
_L "% *% I7U H 45% [Q & e,_ JAT q\
$D &7+ <3 [= *+ 'l B3 k g _ 3 [ t *+ $ 6'7+ 5
TPM | .$5 *Dc A B5 H7Q [7; #! ! WL+ @= gB L=
5= "S" I7c= E &

/%2 &+ F)9 eE Les 3S eE &3 % <_
1
:e5/ $'
=
4CB 7@ H0 p
/7Q k [ t *+ 5M :(Seiri) ^ 7 j
Kt
eE */ W5/ <l= G $D/ @= <3 "MU :(Seiton) W L j
K <+ *% x(& u2
%C HB *+ `s [ t
%C+
5R I@'
5$% ,D *+
B L K3 [= :(Seico) v L j
.KY\ ^ / 2 HA
e 34 ;6+ =*!E 34 PW Mi X, 13II

:JIT -?0
& + K + 45% $@/ a; <' s

( (m = $/ < JIT "L * Y
<' 3 ?a; % [7@ %
%= 2 &' +$E W,/ "L A,_
%
=
KBm$5
=3 k K7B / e> G */6! E / Y m
_ WG
.
f/7
% JZ -+ *+ "$EY *+ /63 #A= W(/ JIT "L J & _ ?
=53
s Q/ @ ,% B V [=
5+@
% 7 D @
% 7 D WD2

0D3 `5 7
% 45% bBc
0D+ "D2 - O
K3 u+ + o+ hD+ JIT &/
0D3 `5= <5+ A!l/ +% ?^D(_
-+ = /
% 7 D
BD5_ D À ?"L #)! *+ E H7~ p eE V
.
( = JIT $
=5+

%_ ?JIT
% 7 D

5+@
;
N=
9
2)% E 7!
G *+
V
% 45% bBc 7B
r 5 E JIT "L IE < s ?
5+@
1
Francis Boucly Le management de la maintenance , op.cit, P : 76
90
:

?
;
5$
5! K$5 o+ "MUY #)! *+ Y J(/ Y AE %100

5+@
% 7 D
5+@
;
N=
'7@3 7m *+ / E A
1
: o$ p JIT
$L
K3 [B'
-_ W L .1
rUc
$L J & .2
K3 *+ ]BY /6 #V 7/ .3
K$5
2
+7= 7/ .4
"D2 - O N5+5 e5 7tY .5
a3
% NDZ .6
; D+ -_ .7
.K,3 e%+ #$% ~ 1 *+ + ,+ 7/ .8
J & < ?JIT "L )$+
5+@
% 7 D
5+@
;
A
/ E ?
'7@ D+ NDZ [B ,V u2 -+ 9 >& &7+ TPM
#V g(C/ $'
5+@
% 7 D
5+@
;
N= g=@ *+
:n
34 ;6+ =*!E 34 PW Mi X, :(2II) &
34 ;6+ =*!E
34 PW
& 3 K3
KY\ K)%
$ ?e, a3 (_
> [6V #&U
H 5 !3
@ uZ (B
% W $
2
K>@
ND(
45%
G; 7 D
\ '@+
&273
p
& 3 -Q& 3
K/B ÊA
292 : ?J=U -7+ ?eo/c 0_ u$G e+. 1

91
:
5$
^/ W 5
^/ W 5
U %
"7c
%"N5+ 7t "7c
"N5+ 7t
!3
293 : ?J=U -7+ ?eo/c 0_ u$G e+. :-73
: III

eE $U = l=
9G 7o' #&U
2 7!l= / KY #&U <
K6 , *+
2 7$% 6/ +_ .e% -$ g p
$,3 K)@3 G
2 ?, m ,5 @
B5 -B7 (...a; ! "D2 KY\ ?K)
hAE 7$D < * o' KYG ., =
DU03 K72 s $ _
/B' ,$ 2 ,
&+ M=
DU03 " +% E/Z ^/
5/> K7B $= K6 , *+

< E% QB/
+
7$D+
5$% H &k _ `s -+ ?
5 &'
., m

= bBGY *+ Y= /
2 [7@=
DU03 "
: ]6 4 1III

, m v5' ]BY a;
52 H0/ H+ v5 + K6 , #&D
5$ U <$C I,/ HA @":g 45% #&UY v/7 * ?,( 5
[ 45% 790 p ,6 G
\ #&U
5$% #)! *+
45%l=
;
K&5+
&5 7!l=
5+% G ,+ [6 + #&U": Q/ z/ E ?1"e5 @
*+
/2Y
B3 J Z 45% v/7 AE 6'7/ s ?"H2 r5Ul=
+!

FG % #&UY=
+ ?e2 #&U)
5
B5
U #&UY
5$%
45% 6'7/ *+ E ?/6= K6 ,5 @B KY+ K7$U s +6 #&UY </
; [B' B
G , _ a7c [6V $5 #&UY K[7= " 7C
*+6 -+
; [B' uQB

/ #&U
5$%"g U 45% #&UY I7 _
H0 < -23 3 E7U Û
/ +
m KB= ED+ % A/
509 : ?J=U -7+ ? & n7t +. ?e+) WU2 <Dk . 1
92
:

72 s , _ W/ p
5G73 z/ #&UY_ <s ?"|B; AE =
=53 [B= ,B w
o/G 7!l=
+
+6 7B #)! g5% -2+ >% , _ [6 H
\
.7+ [v' @=
=53
+R [l=
\ 7$U <$Q
: 5 0 2III
u2 o+ 7 sY `s ,U
45% ^~ /% r&U E
#&UY
5$% *+ l@3 g 5% Z HA H2Y 73 </ x #&U) o+
r&U WE *+ .#tY 7$D+
3 [=
G H2Y 73 *+ 45%
1
:e5/ +
::/ 5 U .1
: @
v5' /
E *%
&> = AE *+6 -+ /6 @
v5'
u2
5+ v / ?"MUY 7_ #> *% ),UY ^&D= K3
*% )Q_ v hAE BM= W,D/ s H7C #&UY 72 </ A ?$5 C;
2
o/c
\ @
m [7t v u' s $ UY K_ B J Z
.

\
m v -+
3=
:e "
K3 #&U l@3 45% WZ 7Cc 7%

5
K <
.

Ks /V K3 gZ HA H2Y 73 ^&D= `s / 7!l=
:+H 5 U .2
uZ a; v5 ,&&D 3 [B' &E H0 p
//6 B
G vC
+R LY 7_ #> @

790 Kk r7D $ [9
%63 K6EY m [CQ5 + 3
% Fc / r&U hAE G $5

R
5!
f &
K3 ,Z < * Y / KBmP / a

G
152 : ?J=U -7+ ?eo/c 0_ u$G e+.1
93
:

t3 3
B5M3
$ $
2 Ks K3 ] "G G
c
.
;
5$ " P

B5' B E
/2
_ g=&U u' [U #&U) eD 7 I <
@ uZ */6R v5
&D / H0 p
\ KB2 / *%
@
a; K&5+ e Y
2 KY "MU= 7$UY ^&D=
=+
-5U a
.
3 K%=
5mc
$5
K
&'+ *% & rk73
1
: N%${ #&UY v *
.(" ^&D= #&UY E) #$UY *+6 -+ [B' p K3 #&U .0
p K3 KY\ $@
fB+ = 5' v5 p KG K3 #&U .5
.
=7,
2
2)$ K o+
Bo+ = "MD
: %@ 3III

G z&
c eE 45o+ #&U
U U -C
+MD3
_l3
/7 <
23
B55
c
$ -23 =75
c
$ W L :Nf_3 N=5U
*+ =7 W L *+ Q_
B5 r5U T/ .N+ z+ J_ #)!
+
\
&D=
2
:,+ /% r&U +MU 7o'
/7 eE
&
,
K=m g _ ?KY\ *+ % 45%
%+ K 5$% + + a ^5/ +%
nO; =7 /Z
'
D+ /Z %
B5
HA ! <_ n= ?KYc WL+
/& A+
_7+ < 3 K++ <
B5 _/ =7 W L < x =9 </

DU03 gZ
.
B5 7m% *+ $,+ 7% @
; q

Q = <
:# :*B 5630 ]"i %@ 13III

7$% *+
\ -23 HD !5 r(t) t 7$% *+
#&U
B5 c(t) 6+7
++ o * .
U < % 7_ #)! .t7$% *+

m
B5 e(t) ?(t)
510 : ?J=U -7+ ? & n7t +. ?e+) WU2 <Dk . 1
97 : ?J=U -7+ ?e2 7,L+ 7+U. 2
94
:

<_ g 5% .
D hAE
/
_7+ v
+
U
/=
c
$ y HA WDc
Id .(T) 7B
/ I7+ !
B5 (1) 7B
/=
c
$ e/ t
.
U3 7B
/ O J( v ! < 7B D&
1
U 7_ (T) 3
\ 45% _y x
m A!l #&U) 45o3
U D <
$ 2 <_ ?
5&D3 K7B - O "MD IU
U3 KY\ < 7_= .#&D
@ s . k z+ J_ #)! =75

c
$ W L= Z (T)
:HD/ ,7t /=
\ hAE =7
c
$ <_ ?7_ (T)
T
t =1
t =1
F = t ( t ) t e ( t ) t c (T )
:HD KY\ *+ k

5D5D -23 =75
c
$ <_ n=
K (T ) = F + T .F + 2T + ... =
=
1
F
1T
T
1 T t
.
r
t
t .e ( t ) T .c (T )
(
)
T
1 t =1
t =1
!= T=1,2,3... *+ K(T) rD E/Z * (T) : 45o3

$ <
.K(T) WL/ HA (T)
:4+: |} 563ui %@ 23III

K7B hAE *+ 7_ ' g ?t=0,1,2, K7B AM K7 < 7B
hAE n 45% N ./
[7t

\ 45%
L_ N= !Y
/7G `5
f(t) < x G ?f(t) :-= "MD .([7t H) A (
L_ H) c I7c= K R
(t) 7$% *+
= ,5$% KDU03 K= s
U3 7B #)! nO; =7 HD/
.#&U) 45o+
U U u+MU
:

=
2)
=' ?
+/
{T r5U "MU=
A : r ( 0 ) e ( 0 ) f (1)
f ( t ) = MAX
C : r ( t ) e ( t ) + . f ( t + 1)
./. &U 1 ?7_ (t)eQ+

/
\= bBGY :

A!l 45o3
U D <
:
KY3
5O 45% #c * P(t)=r(t)-e(t) :
==
95
:

f ( 0 ) = P ( 0 ) . f (1)
f (1) = P (1) . f ( 2 )
.
.
f (T 1) = P (T 1) . f (T )
f (T ) = P ( 0 ) c (T ) + . f (1)
:

2) 45% #c W/ ?KY3
5O
P (1) + .P ( 2 ) + ... + T 2 .P ( T 1) + T 1.P ( 0 ) T 1.c (T )
f (1) =
1 T
.f(0) Q/ WL/ ! AE < f(1) WL/ x T #, /Z W/ AE
96
:

@X)
"L J& p eE K@3 = G
&+

^ U #6 Y NG
< ? FG = )m; H )m;
m E Y (! g %)G
u,& _ ?,% - $.
( (
J & =5+ <' +
%
B5

)m;
m 45% _ $%Y *% u5 À
+R
% K@3 *+ /
/0&
2
( (
M3
KU U $@ ,/
+7= K>
W' NDZ eC7_Y E7$% / K3 45% bBc <$Q
B5M3 KU D *+ E k
5++ +7= G "MD p

+7= 7/ + 2 ?a;
e2=
_C;= +@ ,+,BP
M3
#$% e (GMAO) n\ Ûc=
<6 K
B
$ W( ; o+ d
&73
@ #$%
o/c -
$L J & 45% 790 p
$,3 7m *+
M3
T . -2
.- +Y J Z U [v' @=
KU U *%
, _ W(5
$5 ^ U ]& #&UY KU U Y
% 6 , #&U
DU03 45% N/ N+ eC7_ 7$% K6 , 5_
B5M3

7o' 7&+ u2 #&UY= 7 A! </ < G *+ o g $' g$'
7$D3 KB2 [7 *+ ,5$Z , 5% <' v ,& U g

DU0$5
/7+
.E7$% " W
97
:

: #!"

!
"#
'( ) *+
,-. /0%) 12 3) 0 4 5
6
$%&

3) ;<& << 1=-
>%#
?.@ @ 3) AB% C :) 789
.GH! 3"I 4 7<& EJKL 4! ./
+D @ ED< 3) @ F+<%

3) % ,")N 3) <
EDO%&4 P! QDRS
?.@
12 !
T/
;D9 3) <%K) U- VW ?19 XO2 'SY 3 5
. ,& ,/)
1=%
H@ >[ a+<%S -`%
%N :O\]<0 ^
0 G _.KS Q6
,Z:[%-
>K+ b\J .: c6d ^<S 0<-1

?.@ /# >[ U-
>K0
e

f =% 3) e 3S<"# )9 g-1%S .0 Eh`
,A
0

.Eh "
,A
O-%=
:)=%&
?.9
e 1=%
-& ij@ k8 ."
g
&9 l%/#
mA@ ,J+ <n o<%
K& pD9 P! :--& 0 B1L ,S%
;q! r/S 4
U-
RK k: J`
i1+ Zs >"t%
-. : /-# u
H9 ?Ov! 3"I 4 .-.
.G.@ 6O%
)wx
D< i1
0
>K+ D)!
: 1# 3"I u
."
g
&9 a-%s y/0 O
68 ?xz 3) ^<& o)
:T%
>K%
gK 5
J`
i1+ Zs >"t%

?.9
e 1=%

12 ,&&@ 1=%
?< ) >8O) ?%S Q6
:
?.@ 12 |I
.
?.9 1=%
E.%/ ."
g
&9 g P!
?.@
.
e g
&@ ^<:O) ?%S :
?.@
|II
i1+ Zs EJD! 12 H@ P! o y/%
} :J`
i1+ Zs EJD! 12 |III
.J`
i1+ Zs >"t%
0+
g
&@ J`

- 98 -
:
: $ I

U- 86O# .$
1=%
g
&@ U- ~S k.-/
:)<:O
?.@ .%/#

?.9 1z i @ ~ 1%K) 3)w +@ O-"# +B0 o .A@
H@ _$%# .SD %+ S10 E;OA U +B0 ./
6O# .$
-& l%/# %N , <

U- g#%S ~ E.%K) O 0 19 ,-./
: DR# u
,.V 11=

~ ,O%K m) )z @ ,.V c68 FA ;<& \Kz a+<# Q@
.t
)L SJ.%& E;O"0 U E ##
:% &' ( )* ( $1$ I

Q6
<Yx@ P! St%
0 'SvN ^S@ P! 8J6 D</# I+ E" 1=%

1=%
^=%& + .-O
SJ<:.e ?xz 3) 1=%
^<:O ) hv "0 J@
3) < Q@ D :) Q"K/
< z E g< >V/) O-%= J%
J< /

1
.o#)<) o#
/ o)<:O hYB%

:% +,-. $1$1$ I

@ '( -. o@ U- AR# :/ 1=%
0 L ,OS/%
3) <. 8
?.@ B0 J
2"o@ U- 7/ /) )w E% ?xz ED 78@ P! ?<<

c68 <"# ~ 3"X/
:$/ 0 1 # 1L <."oB0 X/
o/S .A 2"- %K)
^ ^<:O.A 1=%
7/S E1K 789 i) .[K) K&R :/$# u
1L
: ? ED )w E% /) 78@ @ 78 't%
>V) D< ) o<) :"oB0
."3SD
:
%
,<1L ' 1L D! <"S
789 S( |
)wx
DJ< \&<
f/# |
23 : 2001 m
/ 1
. iSw<%
-
;O JD ") D ) b&@ 1=%
" >v . .m.D 1
2
Bernardie Mont Morillon, Jean Pierre Pitol-Belin, Organisation et gestion de lentreprise , dition Litec,
Paris, 1995, P : 243
3
Raymond-Alain Thitart, Le management , ditions Dahlab, Alger, 7me dition, 1995, P : 29
- 99 -
:

.:) /) l%/# 1L @ Ehz9 E<1L f # 6O%
) "
1L i hz@ |
.E;OA U +B0 o
.@ 6O# 3) o"I ) <8 o0 ^<S . A a]<) A o- .%/S
1
:k8 ,J % E 3) 1=%
P! i #
, o0 a %# Q6
k<
<"%
/%
.1
AB%
^ JD -# P! .2
789 U- ZA%
EJ .3
.190 ^.%84 EJ .4
:% /& +0. $2$1$I

2
:k-S .A k8 1=%

<@ a %
K&R) Q@ ^=%K# hS/) E 8
1=%
9 h + 1=%
P! >KS Q6
:0(1 - 2' %
c68 f0 O
D( u
)Z
E%O
a-%2 @ 3"I .9 S<Y 1=%
9 &<%)
o&J Q6
./
/ Y A
>[ gK z@ P! A 3) 1=%
3) <9
& 3) E% k1`S 9 &<%) & 3) +@ E% k1`S o@ U- 9 h + 1=%-
VS
.,<& b 3) mA@ k1`S 9 S<Y ,<& b P!

<%S Q6
k[#%&4 1=%
P! >KS Q6
:3456. 7 2' %
k"%"%
1=%
9 S<Y 1=%
68 <"S -"
789 S( ?xz 3)
1=%
h
0 '-/%S 789 't%
DJ< 2 19 6O# r/S Q6

."%"%
1L 6O%
?e hS/ ^=%& o >%S Q6
k-`%

,)w9 <+ i) o8 <"S k\+ 12 P! >KS :38-. 2' %
F + <"# -") P! 7:S Q6
kx 12 :<+ + A @
.81z DSDw GtO%& + :%e/ 5

:% 9(&:( $3$1$I

3
: m.%# &&9 ,)< 3) D 1=%

-. 3.$%#
27 : 1999 m
/ 1
. -
Q4 JD "QD %+4 1=%
" >& .D 1
19 : 2008 P9 / 1
DJ9 iSw<%
-
S
JD "QD %+4 S<1%
1=%
"
<
SZS J0.D 2
27 : 2008 P9 / 1
DJ9 /)e iSw<%
-
S
JD "QJDN S<1%
1=%
" Q< h) Sw 3
- 100 -
:

< *:;
c68 '( <8 <-1 A ! %K :( <-1 \%
k8 789
9 :( A ! )@ [#%&! 7D8@ @ ,Sv U.K# q /
%K \%

:k8 789 c68 8<# g<
)</
"%"# 8@ U.K# q h

:SZ 3) <. ' 7G < :<.1
JD .1
789 6O%
.e D<: <# U- EK z9 :O\]<0 ^
.V EJD! EK) .D _ "0 ^K+9 D9 f0 ./
'K# U- EK o( <n >:& JD FA .-A 7G0 f-)/
+ ,Dw .-A :7G0
.2
.

:
%
b&9 U- ^<# 7G /+<
:7G /+<
.3
xt%K) )@ b
o
! ?<<
3" 7G <"S @ 7G '( U- K# J0 S
SD ,")N <%# @ ? <8 .A :( P! :<) ./
, 3 l/) 7G <"S @ .: ! U- ./S f-)/
, , v
K
0
~ X/
:$/0 i) &%) << 789 <"# ~ :^[K4 '&%
.4
.86O# :KS
5
6A i.%
%
m >-
o%);x) ) o0 S :7G ) .5
.d ?<./ )<" ,&K
_\<-
.V
o#)
:8@ '( ) 3) AB%
EJD
_%S 78
bS) D< ! :*-
-0
.6
789 i$2 + ;D9 ,n 8 @ ^@ o
1s <8 6O%
>%S 8
:
%
bS.-
<-1 ./
;qN ED )w E% S( Q@ :r)w *)
/) )w E% ?xz 86O# DS u
."
S( Q@ :k.A *)
- 101 -
:

E% ?xz ;D9 :- :VS @ g u
<
S( <8 :k< *)
.6O%

=>0:5
l%/S Q6
?<S Q8 %&9 S KN
D<<0 #) r8 R %

oB0 7/S1EJDN 8< <8 : + ;90 R %
E<+ @ EJDN >-/
k 9
:k8 R %
U# @ g u
J<)9 x %K) ( u
,h`%-
i+<%

")N J+ +D R %
<"S @ mS R %
:- .%/S u
,)<-/ ,
<"# @ ,x" o)=%& 3"I Q@ O) R %
<"S @ :) E< SD %+4 E\O
a
"%
<O# x a-") hv <"S @ .t <"S @ 92 :5
u
EJDN / O-& EDW ./
h& >"( u
<
D <. k8
't%0 -/% , %
,J
2 O-%= ,S<%K <-)/
d %KS
k: &K
)@ o( S ) <8 7G 7G &K
f0 8 789
.7:-
<S Q6
'S1
J%z4
9@-A:?8
.86O# OA ?.9 ^! <-&@ _<# u
- O%
,<1L 0m k8
9(A C& 4? .:2(B
@ 3"I 4 789 c68 6O%
EDW ,;N ,&K
<< 789 !
;k P! 789 c68 %
SJ$
,")N \&<
3) <. D< D ./#
.789 '( ?.AN SJ k: *<.-)
2003 m
m
/ 1
DJ9 /. iSw<%
-
\ JD "k =
i
,/ EJD!" D 'O J<.$
8 , .1
184 :
- 102 -
:

:% ,1( $4$1$I
1
:k-S . 8w! 3"I SZ 3) hmA U- 1=%

Q<1S
:
! ?<<
D 789 S( U- 1=%
KS
f-)/
f0 >8O%
/%
'-z ?.9 i f0 'K%
U- KS
1=-
i 3) o0 <)<S ) ?xz 3) 3SS ,")! ,J:) .# U- KS
)l

J<)9 @ P! i.e 3.1S 1=%
] kO ,.e D
r)9 J%&4 '(
J %4 ,6z@ + >:. u

789 jN S
SD ,")N S(
a
"%
F+<
D %+4 P! QDRS S
SD DJ<.-
m)9 J.m%&4
.789 6O# ) U- JL -z
0+
'(
/ -& 1=%
l%/S
: 9 $2$I

: 9,&2( $1$2$I
&<%) 1=%
S<Y 1=%
:P!
?.@ 12 >K# 3"I
. h + 1=%

:D ,&E % $1$1$2$I
.A ~ 3) o%H@ g K0 -/
EJD
&&@
RK) 1=%
3) <
68 l%/S

,S<%K.-
3"I 4 ) <8 :% u

DJ< >[ 6A ,)<-/ <
J %4 f/0 6zBS @ g 1=%
68 @ z oB0 ,J
2 3) QJDN ^G
.8hv S
DJ< %N 'S<K%
A K&R a\] k+
9 -S<Y 1L
2
:k-S ) S<Y 1=%

.S
U- D.%40 5
A ;<&
;D@ 3Kt%
-S<Y 1z i ,4 k.. ) k[%) .&4 9 ,K&R i) /%
0 ^@ #6
,")N
21 : '0& i) "QD %+4 S<1%
1=%
"
<
SZS J0.D 1
260 : '0& i) "%N +) 12" Q"
. <& 2
- 103 -
:

J<1%
i) k.%-
;<&
-./%K ,/0 Z:[%
-. 12 -z

?.@ i&<# i) @ k<
<"%

/
h<# 7d 3S<"%
a]<%
5
-)/
QS9 P! 12 .S
DJ< O] i) /%
0 5
<"S -
- %K ?.
g& Q

:D &( % $2$1$2$I
^

t- ) EJD! o P<%# f%& & f0 o#) %# Q6
1=%
<8
:k-S

h<# 3.$S ./-
:% ESe ,/ EZ:9 gA%
1=%
-
&
.f%& & f0 8JD %S u
SJ

?.9 1=%
:D 4F % $3$1$2$I
U- < @ <&: o11z D! P<%S & 3) +@ o#) <"#
-S<Y 1L 3) 1L c6G )/
<1L %K# K&R.-
%N ,Z:[%

$@ J%z -
O-%= ?.9 &JD 1=%
68 o0 >%:S ) f0 3) . 1&<%)
.,% 4 3) 8hv Jv i1+ D<) 3)
, -1%) S( P! ! 86O%
1

: % 9(1G2( $2$2$I

1=%
,)Z-%K) 3) 1L c68 o%( ) h<# t

1z 6O# g-1%S
Ex *J k.-/
1=%
,")! f11=.-
<# u
, -1% i &&9
EJ i) o0 o- ) 1=%
,<1z ' 1%
SD S
,% 4 U-
.
-. :/# u
A
^K+@ k+0 i) 'K%

1
:k8
?.@ 1=%0
+ :% g<
,)Z-%K f0 3)
ED<< ,/0 .\+ D! 3\" ,/.-
+10 D! ./
)@ 102 : '0& i) kmS DR F." k)J.D 1
- 104 -
:

? D! .
?.9 )A a :H&& 9 ? CF H I $1$2$2$I
:# ,)<-/ U- Q<%( >\<+ :% D 3\" ,/ [K# >%S
..:-A @ >+J @ 7 " U- <"S E/) "
U1/S E/ Z)J .
.:%
3 : ,)<-/ o i<# E/.-
%s a .K
../
/ Y ?./%&4 <
a >%S E/ < .L
:%H@ gK 3\" ,/ a # >%S ! H9 gK :O # ,/ g## .H
../
h& U- %N U- 8hB# gK SD %+ %!
>K
A @ E/ ") i+<) _<# S( >%S ! A
,/ i+<) .3
.z9 ,/0 :%+x k)L @ k%N
.1=%
K# u
z9 ,)<-/ 3.$%# ,V x .
:MC 9 G F? H I $2$2$2$I
,h`%
i+< gA%
SJ# 3 x$ +10 A.-
SD %+4 ,O< [K#
E% ?<Y G Y% 4 D< :% SJ# `%
E% ?xz :- ,@Y u

u
,V x0 z @ ? i i) &+ : -./%K ,<SZ
<@ `%

: "
.A
U- @1# +
- 105 -
:

Q F? :(1$III) )F8 N
B <

>&
g %
SJ#

Z)J
EZ: A
>&
/ A
>&
\+<

,) D
SJ

,) D
:
J<W ;Ze >&
:
3 z@ ,V x)
106 : '0& i) kmS DR F." k)J .D :J
: -( $3$2$2$ I

,
+D @ O# J
/ # z@ P! A 3) ./
)@ < a-%
EJD! D)! O"S Q6
"
0 ./
)@ >. # EJ <8 >: )9 3"
8h<# <-1
u
,)<-/.-
&&9 JD 3) /S ./
)@ 9 5
:%( u
,)<-/0

3.$%S @ 0 4 6
)z E;OA - *+ 1=%

EJD! d &%K#
:# &&9 ,)<-/
./
)@ >+J .
8! D
< o i# Q6
k%N >K
8Z)J :< A >& .K
:-
>:) A :-`%& u
,K
D
wj! <H& 3S6
?./
;@ .L
ED) A 3) , <
D F)=%& u
Y% 4 D< ;@ .H
8wj4 x/ `%& Q6
F+<

wj4 J k&
F+<
.3
- 106 -
:

.(8hv E ) hv a
"# D<) J<@) -
-"
O-"
.
: H I $4$2$2$I
8J"# JD d ^
<-&@ E/.-
d ^
g u

<@ i 3.$%#
6zR# @ g .?.9 5-%0 ^-
>J:) <%K) ?./
D G ^wx
F+<
S# i)
1
:
? D! J %4 V0
%
)</

%N , -1%) i) 3\" a+<# ,+@ ^[K K
:@ ?xz
?.@ U- . w<)
1@ 6O%

1/
^S@ ?x`%& A -
= ^S9 ,4
11= ./
,& o D( )0 i
)0 6O%
K
J) U- :
A
L < : ED
0
<. 3\" A )l
3.$%S A)
&) ,+B0 f/ + 3) 6O%
,)Z-%K) A :%
?e 68 ^=%KS .o%/0%) )l
6O# U- E1K
5
6A
: +R $5$2$2$I
>%S u
,)<-/ ,
?e ^!
?.B0 L O%
D! k8
.)Z-%K) d ^
<-1 ,
/O-
'+D )A a ;1! @ 3) :%
$# g -. /+ <"S @ g :%
0 L 1L ,)Z-%K) J%z ! |
78@ P! ?<<
@ 3) :% ,)Z-%K c68 't%
A
A f-)/
D<:
.EDW 1L
: < * $3$2$I

:# 789 '( G .\x 1L i
?.@ 12 QDRS

E <
@ .\
,+1
^=%& fK( z@ %! ,)Z-%K)
@ D<) 3) / 1
DJ< ^=%& # fK( 542 : '0& i) J[
.D 3K "
.D 1
- 107 -
:

ESe -)/
QS
a]<%
`%
,4/) iJ cS<1# ./
%! iJ 0<-1 <
0 / i-K
%! J.%& . .%N , <
QD %+4 ;D9 E;OA fK( %N a
"# XO2 -
: $3$I

w[%

/
;1! z H@ 1=%
)=%K g
&9 D/%
!
J<1%
@ .A E \% ;1! U- KS +0 &G SJDN A a-%s
P! :/ ,D@ A -( '\Y QJDN ~t
g
&@ ^# T g& ^=%&
: < "0 ^N 1W 7V
i S( 1=%
-. E8V
A S(
.h`%)
:S TU $1$3$I

A) :< Ft%& + FA ,-./
< g
&@ 3) 8hÀ 1L l
!
+ EK \&<
S<1# $O0 )=%& @ 4! /) 7] F( ED
.ED/%) ,4 .%
F/&<#
/
@ f 1947 & George Dantzig S U- 1L l
,J<1#
.1923 ^ 6) -.%W HK o # + A Jean Baptiste Fourier kKO
kS

A) ,S
^=%& L.V.Katorovich k&
kS
/
>%8 1939 ^
,J<1# + 1L l
0 -/% E" ?.9 3) hm"
B0 ?<
3"I .1=%

l-
)G ,HK FAJD@ u
"S)9 S<e E<-
11=%
g K0 ,DDw
1
.m
/
?xz 1L
:S TU +,-. $1$1$3$I
DJ< ?x`%&0 -/% ,x" ^=%K# SJ 0 ED@ 1L l
l%/#
:q@ U- F + .\%
$@ U- ?< t-
EDW ,")N %
75 : 2009 P9 / 1
DJ9/. iSw<%
-
EhK JD ",-./
< ))" , .-&.D 1
..D 1
- 108 -
:

DJ< m)9 =%
iSw<%
0 >% u
,-./
< g
&@ @ Y ! : ,+x/
i # @ U- o0 <v 7G P! ?<<
0 /) 1@ U- ED
1
k1z *&@ U-
A $9 3 ~t -
;! k: U-m 1L J%z4
/ SJ SY QDRS Q6
DJ<.-
SZ) $@ J%z .# u
ED/%) ,h`%) O# 3.$%# u
?.9
2
a
"%
+@ @ 0J9 U +@ P!
,J
2 1=%
EK.-
^=%KS kSJ <-&@ @ SY 3 EJ 3
a
"%
XO2 @ 0J9 EDSw 7d 5
% DJ<.-
m)9 iSw<%
0 -/%
-z%) ,h`%) <. m)@ )0 St%
SJ SY @ <-&@ 3 EJ 4
./) )w E% ?xz EB.-
%) DJ<) <. ;<
:S TU V % W-X $2$1$3$I
SJDN ,x" 1L l
^=%&4 E <# 3) 0 4
5
:k8
6zB# .A S10 o l/S @ 3"I '+D _ D 78 8 <"S @ .1
SJ
D/) "
o<# u
D<
>8@ EJ
y/
ED @ EJD )=%K DJ< <"# @ .2
EJDN
~ 7G P! ?<<-
DJ< Z (\
<#) -S0 g
&@ 8 <"S @ .3
3. U-9 \/
S
S( <-1 f/) \ @ [% S0 "
<"S
D<
D
3) ,h`%) 3.$%# ,t%) @ ,4D/) Q@ 1z ,h`% f0 +x/
<"# @ .4
P9 J

09 : '0& i) Q. >j.D Q-
. .D 1
63 : 1981 SJ"&N /)e K&R) "EJDN ? ,-./
<" Q . 2
76 : '0& i) , .-&.D 1
..D 3
231 : 20090/
/ 1
DJ9/. QJw
JD "k."
-t%
D )"<OK
!
.D "0 <0@ @ .D 4
09 : '0& i) Q. >j.D Q-
. .D 5
- 109 -
:

:) / %KS -"G D<
7G
D -z
,h`% U- D<+ <# @ .5
.
K
>

:S TU 9( % $3$1$3$I
, <
A A 3) <%) h A D 1L l
<-&@ ^=%KS
SJDN ,J
3) hm"
2 ^=%KS .A SJ[%

S"K/
)<"
l
<-&@ ,)=%& >8@ 3) S<.%
J.m%&4 'S<K%
%N m) ES ,4
:k-S ) 1L
@ %N ,.A S( 5
6A EDW DJ< ;< %
U-m -"%
S( .1
,[% <@ 3) < A 3) 5
o#S<%K)
O-%=
J9 ,J.m%&x
U-m -"%
S( .2
Q6
5
6A " O-"# pD@ ' Q6
-L A L m)9 SZ S( .3
3" _0J U +@ '
@ i
i+<) P! O-%= %N i+<) 3) ,[% iSw<# Y $@ S( .4
" O-"# +B0 ,% 4 -# 3"I ~ O-%= è 'Y 3SZ=%

f-)/
,/ ,4 U- O-%= ?.9 2 @ f/# Y $@ S( .5
.3" `# $@ 't%S ~ :-
:S TU Y-Z $4$1$3$I
:- 3"I C -" 8<# g<
&&9 .-/

yO
0 S
1
:k8 1L l
<.
K\
yO
k-S . ?%& .1L l
1&<0
g g-1%) @) ^=%K) DJ<) A .A @ yO
68 r/S :0 Y-Z .1
0 QJ
h`% .+ i) &) <"# (O-"%
@) _0
A HK) (o0 ;<

DJ< .A a$%# f/) %) 3) [% , <
D FO$# ! ?m & U-/
.% 68 3) 't% TN _0
a$%S 5
6A o%N )wx

29 : 1995P9 / 1
yS
D</& 5- /) "EJDN k."
-t%
" 7<-s @ >80!.D 1
- 110 -
:

DJ<) A 3) )=%K
N ."
@ yO
68 r/S :Z[A (I Y-Z .2
c68 %! )=%K DJ< 68 ,.A <. QK# &J
,[% %N
c68 3) t% 0J9 <. QKS 19 3) 't% TN _0
@ ,[%
.19
@ EJ$
0 b
1L l
-" @ 8 D< :C1\ G?F Y-Z .3
%! g/
3) A ! .J
)</
>A J<KA ?< + r/S 68 tt DB0 <"S
..+
@ tt
l
^=%& P! ;<[-
>%S 5
/ % 3) ;Z@
E% ;@ h`%-
-0+ hv %0 /) J
,h`%) @ 5
r/S : ]6 Y-Z .4
.~t
<<) -" e/)
>
<) <"# @ g J
,h`%) @ >+ @ r/S 68 :>G^ Y-Z .5
.-t%K)
SD ,."-

K

:S TUG _[,- L`&0 $5$1$3$I
@ ~ .SJ EJ< i+<-
K ) y oB0 ) O 0 kS
<.
7/S
+@ ED <"S <.
SJ EJ< ) o h /%
>%S @ 3) /# mA@ i+<

:k8 &&@ ;Z@ x 3) 1L l-
kS
<.
<"%S 1.i+<
3) /#
O-"#
D @ _0J
D 7G
D <"# + :< a H .1
/ _0

U.V/
S:
'( Q@

c68 >V/# <8 <-1 <"S :_0

D
." 0J@ lA@ .-
'( u
1L J%z
c6G `
S:
'( Q@ O-"%

D (#) XO2 <8 <-1 <"S :O-"%

D
." O-"# +@ .-
'( u
1L J%z /

% DJ< ,")N 3 l/# k8 :< a H bG H&: M( &T .2
.:) -z @ SJ ,4D/) @ ,S %) " :-m 3"I ~
D<+ m.%# <.
gA# z# u
:94c bG D-B H&F .3
. -K
^
06 : '0& i) 7<-s @ >80!.D 1
- 111 -
:

1
:T%
kS
"
1L l
< v 3"I
:7G
D |
F ( X ) = C1 X 1 + C2 X 2 + ... + Cn X n
( Max
ou Min )
:D<
] |
a
X
+
a
X
+
...
+
a
X
=
b1
11
1
12
2
1
n
n
a21 X 1 + a22 X 2 + ... + a2 n X n = b 2
a m1 X 1 + am 2 X 2 + ... = amn X n = b m
: -K
^ |
Xi 0
( i = 1, 2,..., n )
:T%
"
0 :%0%A 0K
)/
S
`
P! <%
3"I o T%
0
Max ou Min
:7G
D |
n
F(X)= C j X j
j =1
:D<
] |

aij X j = bi
j =1

n
: -K
^ |
h`% 3) E E <
-0 i >+J
.A P! aij h# .F0< a , b , C @ ~
.i >+J
.A P! bi h# Xj QJ

Xj 0
ij
235 : '0& i) <OK

!
.D "0 <0@ @ .D 1
- 112 -
:

:k-S .A 1L l
< v ,<O ^=%& 3"I
Max ou Min :7G
D |
F ( X ) = [C 1 C 2
X1
X
2
.
C 3 ... C n ]
.
.
X n
:D<
|
a11 a12 ... a1n
a a ... a
2n
21 22
.
am1 a m 2 ... a mn
X1
X
2
.

.
.

X n
b1
b
2
.

.
.

bm
: -K
^ |
:k8 ,<O ^V
1L l
<-&9 )/
`
5
60
Max ou Min :7G
D |
Xj 0
F ( X ) = C X
:D<
|

A X = b

Xj 0
: -K
^ |
:S TU L`&d ' 7-E $1$5$1$3$I

c68 ! ^=%& .%/S 1L l
< :%1&<0 >%S Y E 8
3) J
E6=%) :e vJ @ ~t
<<) -" >[ / Y U- 8hv D 1

:BS ) 1
c68 >8@
- 113 -
:

:,Ue :,- .1
3) ,4D/) 3) <. q@ *&@ U- S1
c68 U- D.% <.
>%S
Eh "
A e/) U- J+ ^ <8 S1
c68 U- kK\
6zB .P9 J

.ED/% D<
@ ,h`% ,
:> :,- .2
EO) :"
3Sh`%) U- Q<%( u
)l
e/) U- EJ< ) S1
c68
.) O 0 k1L )l
/ Y 0
:fG>2 :,-E .3
F -`# ~ 1L l
>V/) )/
S1
k8 b"- .K
SY l%/#
1L l
3) O-%= <9 :)=%&0 5

S1
J< + U-
6d -/% <& )0 .V@ ? r%
^%
& + ED/%) ,h`%) 3.$# u

George kS
/
7Y 3) F)+ u
S1
c68 - EJ+ EDSw <<
.1947 ^ Dantzig
:8g; <& R ,-g $2$3$I

:8g; <& R ,-g V&! ( $1$2$3$I
%N ,-./
+) 12 )G ,D9 @ JV%4 7<O SV m
^+ ~ 1909 ^ P! SV
c68 @ iS .1? 68 i& 1 U- )=%K
," ?D # ZA) ^ Dw4 -") 7d &J0 Erlang kAJ
a#G *:)

<W <
)/-
K
0 hzB%
E) &J0 ^+ S
2f-)/
+ 3) O#G
</0 1913 & ,&J
c68 } ?./
3) D U- o@ \% >.
+ ANALYSE
OF TELEPHONE ERVICEDELAYS TO VARING DEMANDES
3) d f.%: fm
3) S/
+ 3) ,xS/# SV
c68 F
/0 z SV
c68 ^=%&0 i&<%
5
/0 .3Khitchine, Kendal Borel
Engest, Kolmogrov,
293 : 2002 SJ"&N /) /)e J

"k.A z) ,-./
%N EJD! /
>80! ?x.D 1
133 : 2006 P9 / 1
. 8 JD ",-./
<" ^<%/
'O.D.@ 2
3
Faure.R et autres, Prcis de recherche oprationnelle , Dunod, Paris, 5me dition, 2000, P : 255
- 114 -
:

-") 3) /# u
%N )L ?.9 ,.V) 3) hm"
.%
m
/

& %A 600 3) mA@ 0 Erlang ^+ + )=-

1
, <
*"%
JV%4
.1JV%4 7<O E8] : /S 1957
>K%# u
a+<0 -/% A )wx
S
g
&9 i<0 SV
%2
8JD JV% )=-

1
, <
?<<
[% JV% 7<O "# @ %z 0
&+ ^# .A .f/) /Sw<# i %S \< )L ;D@ ") P! ?<<
<"S @ U- :-%
*+ 'SY 3 5
<"S o-@ 3) @ Q6
y`
'( U- )L ZA) EJ
3SV% D &<%) 5

6A )L U- ?< t-
JV%4 F+ &<% '+D kSJ
F+ /) 3"I 4 o@ ~
.% ED@ JV%4 7<O SV ! .2)L U- ?< t-
3
.0<-1 )L # E) 4 K) ?<<

:8g; <& R ,-g h>. 9;T $2$2$3$I
:A6 JV%4 7<O SV 3) EDO%&4 : >%S u
,4 f0 3)
o) k%N -
)wx
, K S( o0 S :@H i[&( .
K :K%
o
< zD k)L @ k%N ;D9 i<) iSw<# o#)Z-%K)
.^V
, <

U- yO# :%e/) OA a
"%
-") ! :8g; <& bG + Gj.K
f/0 6z@ JV%4 F+ -# y`
)L # 1 i&<# h"O%
J
6=%)
#% a
"%
m.%# ./\
) ; @ 3) o- g#%& ) a
"%
<<) J %4
4
: JV%4 E8] 3
EJ+ U- VW0 L O-"%
k8 +1
O-"# U.K# :( S G.
i0 6) ,4 1 0 f.\
?./
D :%-m)@ 3) )L # ^V

.,J1
A6#
1
Phelizone T.F, Mthodes et modles de la recherche oprationnelle , Economica, Paris, 1998, P: 514
338 : 1998 SJ"&N /)e J

"EJDN ? ."
g
&9" k) '<# . .D 2
Malika Babes, Statistiques, Files dattente et simulation , Office des publications universitaire, Alger, 1995,
P : 86
270 : 1997 SJ"&N /)e J

"EJDN ."
g
&9 ^=%&" Q"
. <& .D 4
- 115 -
:

3) )L U- ?< t-
;x./
JV%0 1 #) <"# :8g; G.
@ >J& ,t SO# 3SV% f-)/-
< J<90 L O-"%
:%-m)@
.>4 x! JV%
JV% O-"# )L # O-"# w<# <8 7<O
-( 3) k&&9 7G !
:T< "
ot<S ) <8 -"
a
"%
%
;x./

( S l2j +. 8g; +. l? k& :(2$III) )F8 N
a
"%

/+<% -"
O-"%

pD9
a
"%-
)L fK( O-"#
JV%4 3)w O-"#

)L <%K)
)=-
m)9 <%K
294 : '0& i) ",-./
%N EJD!" /
>80! ?x .D :J
0N 3) .V 3" JV%4 7<O ' 1# ! :( S @H 9,&2( , j .L

:
%
-&9 U-
)L ZA) ^)@ ./
o+`%KS Q6
F+<
&<%) <8 ) |
)L U- ?< t-
a
V%S 3S6
;x./
D &<%) <8) |
1
:j JV%4 7<O SV ' 1# U- -m)9 3)
! : ?.9 X/0 '# u
JV%4 A) U- g-`%-
:0 9;m
O-%s )w ,+@ :) D 1/%S f ,4 x! e/ ^=%K#
331 : 1999 P9 / 1
. -
\ JD "0<& )0 ,)wJ<z ,-./
<" +0 ^/@ .Dg\ >80! .D 1
- 116 -
:

' 1#
xN ?. + 3) : xN JV%4 7<O 5
60 "#
/ Q6
m)9
?. D S( g& J
24 JV%4 7<O
.3"I ) +@
?. a
"# ,4 1/# g K0 %N -. hzB%
a
"#
D 3) aO ~ :0 H 8c iF 9H&2( )g0.
>:)Z-S ) U- ?< @ 3) D<%K ^)@ -S<Y JV% 7<O <OS 3S6
?./

;D@ iSK# P! QDRS D<%K fO]< D EDSw 'SY 3 5
J`
i1+ 3)
QDRS T%
0 JV%4 a >:%+ ! 3) 40 ?./
`# U- KS )L
.-"
%N a
"# XO2 P!
7d 5
< 3OK
%K# u
OJ9 3) m)9 D/
S(
$
SO# hzB%
,)v OJ9 )+! a
"# @ ! -"
a
"%
XO2
~ hzB%
,)v a
"# OJ9 a
"# f0 w< f
RK U- Eh A <"#
+@ -"
a
"%
<"# ~ :%)+! g u
OJ9 D St%0 g& J
6=%S
.3"I )
5
7J @ Sl
g%") )L 6< m)9 f-)/
D S(
5
6A 3\0Z-
& )L # ,K&R ?/O
QD %+4 ./
.$
<%K) f)B# US ~ ;OYN ZA) >1 ,JK

)z D<+<
,1
.". ,O
+@ ZA c68 .( i) i.% D9 )L 3) g&)
:8g; <& R g $3$2$3$I
@ =@ ), <
<. (Files dattente) JV%4 7<O _-1 S
)z U- ?< t-
9 g
v k\< "0 >A%# u
(SD) hv @ SD) ,
.1)L # ?/) <OS ?<<
?/) <"S ) /)
"0 )<
# ?xz D # u
JV%4 7<O 3 -m)9 3) S/
8
m) 5
6A Z[ 50 ^)@ @ ,x a+<) >8% .xm) ,)L 1+ _
JV% @ \<$
EJN ,JK
7<O @ 50 T 7
7<O

zD
-. V%# k8 ,4 5
6A J1
,1 < J1 3SK
1
Malika Babes, Statistiques, Files dattente et simulation , op.cit, P: 86
- 117 -
:

J<)@ ,
g m) z@ g< :
! 1%
3"I -m)9 3) hmA i
.8hv EJ[%

<"%# u
JV%4 7<O )L ZA) >$S Q6
" JV%4 a ^V mI
u
, <
>:
! $) )L k-%
8JD V%# u
)L
Y , <
<. 3)
"
gK ) EJ< 0 JV%4 a ^V m 3"I -/ )L k-# - ) F-zD
:T%

8g; +R Vg :(3$III) )F8 N
C
C
C
C
C
a
?<
C C C C C
S
S
S
S
S
#
)L
^V
a
JV%4
)=-

1
, <
: C
)L k)) : S
)L k-# - ) ,
Source : Alain Martel, Techniques et applications de la recherche oprationnelle , Gatan

Morin et Associs Lte, Canada, 2me dition 1979, P : 467
:8g; <& R g nCB $4$2$3$I

^V
xm
,<" U- ZA%
JV%4 7<O ^V \ z y g-1%S
:k8 7O14
^V
P! ,xz @ f-<
D .1
oKO JV%4 z @ a
.2
.)L ,x:K# .3
:lGR& nCB :;
- 118 -
:

68 )L ^) P! )L g-1# u
(;x./
) , <
DJ ?<<
0 S
iSw<#) ?<<
f-<
>[ :k8 ?<<
-./
\ z x <S B

.f-<
<-& hz@ (f-<

:lGR& )\' .1
1
:4.% <S ;x./

3) .%W D/
5
60 S
>&J iD ZA) P! # u

,JK
5
?m) ) hv @ ;x./
3) D hv D
.iSK
'S1

A
zD ,4 3) f/) D D< 5
?m) f-.%W ;x./
3) D D
.
-. P! %(
:(lGR& i,k&.)&R& d .2
Q@ \< S10 @ 7/) r)w ?e Y )! )L # ") P! ;x./
S
3) hmA . $
0 i+<%) hv >8<# <"S z >:) A f0 +x D< D
T.% 4 iSw<%
1&<0 0<K 3)Z
E f-<
D <"S 7O14 ,x")
2
.3S<
D 3) f/) ?/ i1% <&<0 iSw<%0 7/
,<# ! <&<0 iSw<# i %S )L ZA) P! ;x./
?< @ ?<
3"I
3
:k8 <&<0 ,+&
h /%
3"I .E%O
?<Y U- .%/S t E%O
'( ?.% ! 3) ?%4 ?.% Q@ 3)Z
3) E D< D/
K &<
, m0 :
= <"S ~ QK%) n-1 P! n

0K
,%O
D< D 3 %K) /) E% /+<
D< D h` E%O
bO f '( ?.% . t E%O
?xz 4! '( 3"I 4 :T%
"
0 <&<0 <
)/
`
g%"#
n
331 : 2006 SJ"&N /) ~S k/)e g%" "k."

-t%
g
&@" U&) . .D 1
568 : 2007 yS
-
S JD ",-./
< ,J
6" z JJ QJ0 2
3
Carton. D, Processus alatoire utilises en recherche oprationnelle , Masson, Paris, 1995, P : 73
- 119 -
:

e X
P(X ) =
X!
(X
= 0,1, 2, .... )
:~
(xm) &) 3)Z
E f-<
D :X
) 3S<
3) X D
.% :P(X)
(3)Z
E f-<
D &<%) Q@) ?<<
?/) :
2.7183 P! QKS k&9 F0m
:e
:lGR& o&G .3
)L U-%S C V%S 7<& S ) )L g
Y @ 7<O
>V/) y%O#
3) hmA P! hS i+<
;<K
.o
! Q6
a
@ )L 1 h`%0 ^S 3

' 3
a
?<Y 9 5
JV%4 a
^.$4 ./
: XS u
,4
+ z9 ,4 X/0 f/) F+ z0 @ "0 )L k-# 3) o# vJ o#%
1
.)L k-# + a
JD`S ./
#S
:+ nCB :5
:+ &E .1
4 ) D <"S @ 3"I 7O14 ^V
m
<" <8 o# a
!
~ D hv @ (" SD) 8hv @ / Y D<+ g K0 ;x./
A ;<% i1%KS
.JV%4 i ;x./
A >$S
:+ )g0. .2
2
:*&@ U- <"S + ;x./
o < ^ Q6
g#%
<8
.(First In First Out) FIFO 4@ ^ 4@ $ 3)
.(Last In First Out) LIFO 4@ ^ hz@ S 3)
:
1
)L ^# (Service On Priority) SOP, &9 gK
.(J<1
v z ,O%K :xm)) & >:%
297 : '0& i) "k.A z) ,-./
%N EJD! /
>80! ?x.D 1
132: '0& i) Q. >j.D Q-
. .D 2
- 120 -
:

.(Service In Random Order) SIROk\< *&@ U-
:( S p :. nCB :5
a-% + o@ .A .)L # ) 6) D ~ 3) )L # ^V a-%
.o# )L # ?/) ~ 3)
:( S p :. Vg * .1
1
:k8 )L # ^V

\0 E <S
8V%S E : : )L %0 ^<S u

k8 :E - ) 6O) .
.a
3SD<< i
I 3"
E : : )L # P<%S u

k8 :ED/%) ) 6O).K
.)L ^N
%%) - ) 3) mA@ U- ./

bO ^# u
6 3) S/
: <"S u

k8 :E - ) ED/%) 6).L
.^V
JD`S ./
:- @ D[ u
)L
E 3) mA@ 8 <"S ) /# mA9
k8 :ED/%) ) ED/%) 6).H
. ) E Z[# )L U- ?< 3"
)L bO %
0K
\ L 3) Q@ o0 <S Q6
>. %
3 EJ <8 :-%= >. %
.3
.6"8 z@ E) ch`# ?.% i)
%
- "G 68 h`%S /) - )
:( S p :. ( .2
-. ? <8 .A )L # ,4/) 3) f&&@ f< f0 Z.%
3"I
:?<<

, <
"
)L %
)wx
)Z
E%O
<"# @ 5
60 S :F0 ?/).
.) SK%)
h`# ./
< )L ,O<) 7x%z4 V /+ mA9
k8 :h`%) ?/).K
k&9 iSw<%
^=%& >%S
c68 .F+<
J) i) )L %0 f.\
E;OA
:
%
`
0 U1/S Q6
)L ,+@ &JD
349 : '0& i) "EJDN ? ."
g
&9" k) '<# . .D 1
- 121 -
:

P ( t ) = e t
pour t 0
:@ ~
)L 3)w : t
)L ?/) :
:8g; <& R g [,- L`0 $5$2$3$I
.
X/0 ; 0 JV%4 7<O SV ? <-. 3S6
<m
3"
iS& "0 : \ z D! JV%4 7<O .V@ <-& &JD P! 7 u

S

.
' 1%
5
?A w<)0 U.K# ?./%&4 /\ w<)J x ^=%& >%S .:&
1
A/B/s :A k8 xm
w<)
c68 .' 1%
? ". 7O1x
Ehm"

:~
.?<<
,+@ iSw<# <+ P! hS :A
.)L ;D@ )w@ iSw<# <+ P! hS :B
<&<0 iSw<#
(<AJ)) M Z)
0 o
Z)S ) BA
/ ,J%z4 >8@
^/
iSw<%-
GZ)
QD/
@ DW iSw<%-
DZ)
)L ;D9 k&9 iSw<%
f-<-
.GAMMA @ ERLANG iSw<%

Ek Z)
k/ 1
@
.)L ZA) D P! Z)S :S
a
^V m. i0
Z)
)@ w<)J %& P! x 3) ?A Z)# ^V %I @
"0 )L @ LIFO FIFO) ^ )z ^V Q@ GD f
%
3SZ)
@ 6zBS @ 3"I
U +9 m. b)L Z)
)@ . &9 gK )L ^V Q@ SOP @ (k\<
OS Q6
J<:.e >[ P! *DK
Z)
hS .^V
d <.K )L
Y , <-
.)L k-%
\ z $S@ U.K# u
;D9 bS) U- ?< JV%4 7<O K#
k-./
' 1%
^=%&4 /\ bS X/0 k-S . A6 7O14 ^V
`%

:*) A )=%K &
w<)

575 : '0& i) ",-./
< ,J
6" z JJ QJ0 1
- 122 -
:

.^V
)=-

Y E n D< ?.% :Pn
.^V
)L
Y , <
D &<%) :Ls
.JV%4 a )L
Y , <
D &<%) :Lq
.^V
)L
Y 3) E <
E <
;0 3)w &<%) :Ws
.JV%4 a )L
Y 3) E <
E <
;0 3)w &<%) :Wq
;D@ ?/) U- ?<<
?/) .K+ P! QKS )L ZA ^=%&4 )/) :
./ )L
^+ k-./
' 1%
? 7O14 3) EhmA ,< D< 3) >v
0
SJ x G <"S @ 3"I u
,4 X/ 0 L .
X/0 i<0 < =%
EAW ^=%&0 0</ <# mA9 ,4 e/) >%S ,4.% 4 ,SV U- D.%
1
.(General Purpose Simulation System)GPSS :H@ EZ8e )l
X/0 U- D.%
Q6
<.
<8 4./%& mA9 K.L .
@ 3) k-S . y/&
.q^RA X8 9;Q ( B L`&d0 US %&JD <<) /S
2
:C<N (M/M/C)(GD/N/N)L`&0
?/ <&<0 iSw<%

i$ <.
68 ^V
P! )L
Y , <
'# !
<: )L ZA) D )L ;D@ ?/ k&9 iSw<%-
i$ )L ;D@ E% ?<
^V
d <.K , <-
k.V9 D/
)@ ^ a
^V (E+)ZA) C QKS
<S o@ ~ .NP! QKS D <: )L
Y , <-

< J 1%&
, <A :-1/# ,4 c68 ./# N k.V9 8D ,4 3) D D i
C P! QKS ?./
3) D >$# o
/0# J i <S P!
Q@ i ED<< ,4 D P! QKS ^V
/& (C 8D )z ZA)) )
8JD V%%& u
, <
i. ")) JV%4 ") /& T%
0 N P! QK#
D 3) +@
J 3SD<< ?./
D @ P! N0 N-CP! QK# (

iSw<%
i$2 \< q@ y%OS ,4 G y/%# u
?19 @ i ,4
369 : '0& i) "EJDN ? ."
g
&9" k) '<# . .D 1
373 : '0& i) "0<& )0 ,)wJ<z ,-./
<" +0 ^/@ .Dg\ >80! .D 2
- 123 -
:

?/ <&<0 iSw<%
i$ xN J P! ,4 ?< @ Q@ ?19 ?/ <&<0
. ?<
:f%
%
f%+x/
0 U1/S xN J P!
n D< ?.% !
N n
;
P0
n
Pn =
n
N n! P ;
n C!C nC 0
0nC
C<nN
N
C N n
N n! n
P0 = +
n c
n =C +1 n C!C
n=0 n
:a
P! u
,4
i+<% D/

N
Lq =
(n C)P
; C >1
n=C+1
:J<
P! u
,4 D &<%)
LS = Lq + C C = Lq + ef /
,4 D< ^ g K0 ./

3 f-Y/
xN J ?./
D &<%) C ~
:+x/
3) gK( -1/)
C
C = (C n)Pn
n =0
+x/
0 U1/S Q6
k-/O
?<<
?/) K /0 4! dK 3"I x ,R 0 )@
(./

)f
<`
?. D mI ( C C ) @ ~ = ( C C ) :
%

: T%
0
L S
W S =
:J<

;0 3)w &<%)
ef
- 124 -
ef
:

Wq = WS
Lq
ef
:JV%4 a
;0 3)w &<%)
:r ( S D&2( 2' 8g; <& R g L`d ):. $6$2$3$I

: gK )L 3) f/) <%K) '( ")0 '-/%S m)9 )L <%K) ># !
kO >%
0 / ,R >
U-9 S( 'SY 3 5
J
6=%) V
D S(
BK t# ()L ZA) D/%)) ,<
ED/%) JV%4 7<O .V@
1
:k8 >%
0 / ,R @ J %4 f/0 6z9 i) C m)9 )L ZA)
.Ws ^V
)L
Y , <
;0 3)w &<%) |1
o l/S) X 0 o
Z)S ./
3 -Y <"# @ )L ZA) 1$# o
x Q6
3)Z
|2
3"I 6\/ 0 X
U-9 t-
0 Ws
U-9 t-
Z)J (S<) K0
:T%
kS
"
v
Ws .............. (1)
X .............. ( 2 )
:@ ~

<`) )L ZA) o <"%S Q6
F+<
K r/S Q6
?`4 )/) <8 /c @ !
o <"# Q6
3)Z
3 EJ <8 (1-/c) T%
0 )L D/%) JV% a ^V ?
?< >%S S<) K U- ?< t-
100 0 0$) ./
3 -Y L ZA)
X = 100 (1 / c )
Ws = Ws ( C )
X = X ( C )
:Q@ c
i0<%A 3SR x"

"
>&J ?xz 3) U-
384 : '0& i)"0<& )0 ,)wJ<z ,-./

<" +0 ^/@ .Dg\ >80! .D 1
- 125 -
:

r ( S D&2( ):.:(4$III))F8 N
Ws
?< ?
X
Ws
C
385 : '0& i) +0 ^/@ .D g\ >80! .D :J

)@ (2) (1) fY-
W
< C >+ ? S( 3"I "
U- .+ f/%0
9 U-9 XO2 >%S C U- ?< t-
6\ 0 fY
'( ^

.g&) U- n C /) HxA @ 3SR
:]s $3$3$I
1
0 :- 3"I u
&
,O %
g&# 4 q A 0</ DDZ# )
3"I o@ 4!
)Z

3) a-") :- z S<1# @ .A ED<:/ ."

&) k.A -( SY k8 EAW @ i\+<
F% @
.-t%K J<)9 3) 5
<"S @
,J
24 EAW S<1# P! ;<[-
>.%S E/ A c68 i) )/%-
R %
,J.m%&4 i ;0 i+<) S(
)0 Z= U- 0+
0 -/%
.,/ >[
:]s V&! ( $1$3$3$I
k8 E` ) &"/ EJ< @ E` ) =K r/S Imitation r#4 _-1 ) EAW
J< # k1/# 3) E0 %# " /+<
>V
8V) \ z ' 1%

- 126 -
:

>V
0 1 # A.-
?<- i &JD >. # 3"I 3) o-A) i+<-
+D
1
.k-./
i+<

::) &&9 ,O
3) D/0 EAW J<-S# k"S)9 /
7/S
SD SY k8 EAW .1
0 k8 <& ^=%&0 EAW .2
.E.%K) )w ,% ?xz ED )w ,V .
<-& *J# EAW .3
;! k < >. # -. q@ U- EAW 7/ Shenon.B /
)@
.o-. ,[#%& a-%s ># ^V
68 <-& >: 7d <.
68 U- J[%

S@ @ r/S 68 \ ! 0 0m EAW l%/ Maxumu k&
/
)@
2
.\ N ,J %z4 \% U- .%/# @ g 6. ^V
,O 0 '-/%# \ !
, 3) h A D/
J[%
;0 ^V k8 i&<
8/ EAW @ X/
S .A
3
..
@ J%z4
u
,-./
&JD ^=%KS EAW <-&@ @ xS aSJ/%
c68 ?xz 3)
.<") f0 3)
.% U- Q<1#
^V
, \ z E8$) @ -# k8 EAW B0 ?<
3"I ^ "0
kS
<.
^=%&0 i+<
a+< -# U- &&9 " r # k
.;D9 U- RS 4 Q6

:]s 9( % $2$3$3$I

v k/+ k ^V @ @ -. @ A a @ S< %
EAW ^=%K#
\%
x=%& o- J[%
;! Se ^V
`# U- ./# /) ^V <"S )
:/& , x EAt.-
<% ,)=%&4 i 3"I .o)
;D9 D *) J %0 -S
>V
(,&& @) ,.. # ^# ~ :)
.^V

265 : '0& i) /
>80! ?x.D 1
399 : '0& i) +0 ^/@ .D g\ >80!.D 2
3
Shanon.R, System simulation , The art and science, Prentice-Hall-New Jersey 1995, P : 02
- 127 -
:

-S0 F( ^V
<-& &J
a+< X/0 EAW ^=%K# :n%N
.8J<:] .%W ,x" =%
3"
-S
,&K
<# <8
b

.
/O0 >:):) ;D9 3SO%K gSJ%
EDBA EAW ^=%& 3"I :,8
:]s K&G6? t0 $3$4$3$ I
^V
E` ) 9 ' Y EJ< D! Gxz 3) >%S
k8 EAW <-&B0 6.

&J
i<) ^V
mI < S<1%0 5
oKO k ^V
U- ?<
D )
;D@ S# ^=%K# u
bS i ^V-
". ,4 ,h`%
i :VS
,)<-/) <%# @ 0 4 -./
5-# >%# C ^V
, U- J ;0 ^V

.oA<-K0 R %
^V
>: 3"I C o \ z ^V
;Z@ 3 A
/)
A &JD O-%s , , \K) U- EAW < ^ "0 ' 1S
789 c68 <.
>. o-@ 3) Q6
7G0 Q8< "0 '-/%S g& J
2
:<"# @ 3"I
o0 ?<./ ^V
&JD @ 3) % .V9 X/0 -( @ 3) .EJ<1%)
m) .V@ >. # 12 @ 3) ! EDW EAW P! : \</
)</
<# gK EAW a #
\</
FA ! D %
EAW )A "0 ED : / i FA
.: S8< JD g/-#
.% 4
:Monte Carlo &8] u&( K&G V %? ]s $4$3$3$I
"S)9 /
) <
JA F<) S1
k Dx 1949 ^ l%/S
3) A 7/S ."<
JA F<) SY" </0
Ylam.S Metropolis.N S

U- <
JA F<) SY (> 1# JV%4 7<O) >d%A Kryoun B Koveman A
om g%A Modern V.U )@ /1
.% 4 f<
: ^=%KS u
S1
q@
- 128 -
:

U# \ N ,
^=%& 3.$%# 0K -. A":k-S ) (QJ[%
?e
BK))
1
."<
JA F<) SY
u
/
U- Q<% ^V D<
EAt.-
<
JA F<) SY ' 1# 3"I
:k8 1K
,<1L 3) D P! S1
c68 O# 3"I ./) ,A<-& :V#
:Vg0 (a 94cG v'; i,k& , j .1
>%& u
<.
,h`% >+
<# U- "<
JA F<)" S1
&&9 E"O
^<#
>
-K-& J%z m.%S f/) h`% T.% 4 iSw<%
St%
m)9 <-&9 :%&JD
,J"%
D .K0 5
K
J"%
@ ?.% 4 S( >%S ~ h`% 6G J%

2
.,J"%
@ ,8 D T! U- ,V x @
:4c( v'; i,k& )F ]s C&N VF8 V % .2
09P!0 3) &&9 ^+J9 3) 8
<# >%S u
^+J9 i k8 \</
^+J9
.\< -. 1&<0
;! k.A# T.% iSw<# P! T.% 4 iSw<%
S<( >%S - c68
O
-0 \</
^+J9 J >
EA 8/0 .h`% 3) .+ "
k\</
>+-
.\</
^+J9
.O) /) , \% P! <%
@ 3) 5
:9;s M( 2G2 G 8-. .3
: $II

EZ:9 D< 3) DJ< h<# ./
-t%
.V%) SY 3 EJ 1=%
!
f/0 6z9 /0 ?.9 c68 <) S( 3 EJ
e z9 DJ< -)/
QS9
.)L %N )l
,S( 8hv EZ:9 ?./
D< F+<
,S( J %4
406|405 : '0& i) +0 ^/@ .D g\ >80!.D 1

270 : '0& i) /
>80! ?x.D 2
- 129 -
:

: e V&! ( $1$II
+x1 ,:] u
,4 3SD a-%s H9 Sv
BK)
e
BK) /#
)<S P! .\+ ?Z# 4 u
9 3) 8hv "<K<" @ P! "F+ Q8" ?.@ 3)
g<%KS u
\Ze O
?.9 3) <. U- Q<% . Q@ @ 3) '-1# .68
.o 3K @ U- ./
5
wj 3) S:
3"I :.V#
:0 . S8< x%z a-%24 q@ 4!
e O]<0 L aSJ/%
,D/#

3)Z
?xz ?.9 3) ED DJ<) =%0 >%
e Michel Pinedo gKt
z9 )L ,4 .A ) %N
.V9 g-v@ E<%) k8
1
.8hv T ^xN
,)=A
>V# 3."#
e Pierre Lopez Patrick Esquirol 3) A gK
L D<
(... &@ D<+ ?) )Z
D<
E) i) 3)Z
?xz ?.9 wj
2
.t%K DJ< E ?./%&0
1
(?) - O# )w 1z k8
e B0 k) '<# . J<%A
S
3
.G = DJ< ;:%4 ;
SJ# cwj >%S 7<& ) d _<S
DJ< ,x:K%
,/ ^=%&4 g& F+<
S( U-
e -. Q<1#
i0%%
S( ./
ZA) U- 19 ^:.-
m)9 =%
'( P! 7 S

E1K
U- K# q@ .A O-"# +B0 ? 3K @ ?.9 wj )
g&
.0+
-./
4/ ):&! >:K# J<)9 ,S
)wx
,-./
DSDw 8wj <v ?.9 D DSDw0
e H@ DDZ#
4@ DRS Q6
./
O-%= ?.9 ?.A! ;0 <) S( g<%KS :\D9
4
:
e '( .o

%
?.9
Michel Pinedo, Scheduling : theory, algorithms and systems , Prentice Hall, Englewood cliffs, New Jersey,
P : 01
2
Patrick Esquirol, Pierre Lopez, Lordonnancement , dition Economica, Paris 1999, P : 13
280 : 1996 SJ"&N /)e J

",J
2 z) ,-./
%N EJD!" k) '<# . .D 3
293 : 2008 P9 / 1

DJ9/. iSw<%
-
m
JD "EJDN ."
,D9 ,84"3Sl QD8 k-.D 4
- 130 -
:

-=%
% +1-
m)9 ?x`%&4 r/S 68 ?.9 >-K
i0%%
'(
>%#
?xz 3) 5
't%S a
"%
-# P! QDRS 68 i 1
0 -Y/
,+1
3)
,xz) k8 -. A ,s T%
0 x
-./
' K# 0K
-./
@ U- ;0
. x
-./

o- g#%S -./%K hv ,+1
XO2 $S@ KS Y/
F+<
XO2
. % DJ< 3) EDO%&4 >V/#
3) ,R c68 /# `%
F( 3SZL -# ?.9 6O# & '(
.
e -. j &&9 J<)9
: $2$II

,-. 6O# ") <) S( -. q@ U-
?.@
7/#
i
?.@
?%# .;0 L ;:%4 ;
<) S( )wx

@ & J) ./
>[ ) :) A J"# \+<

SJ

1@
< &@) ?.9 c68 >[ >A# 19 c68 3) "
(...EJ) @ 1 `# &
:# ,= U- ?< 3"I :) (xm)
(< &@) SJ
V
)0 (... < &@ )<S) %O%
tO
>\<+ \+<
-
Q:
k< &9 )l
( @ :) "
)
./
.( )0 (...k< &9 k)<
) >t%
FSZ%
)0 .>t%
FSZ%
?.9 Q<K
<%
-
:n% l K&G $1$2$II

?x`%&4 St%
^=%KS % ,")N U- % DJ< iSw<# g
&@ @ <8
+B0 1=
)0 6O%
5
,D@ @
. FA ;<& % DJ<.-
m)9
@ /\$
O
E" U- <-&9 68 ^<S .Ee E;O"
3. DJ<.-
^=%&
$9 J%z4 3) ) P! QDRS YL =%
g K0 YL J%z4
- 131 -
:

=%
A <
8h<# 3". 3) A u
_0
@ F+<
@ ,O
X/0 T%
0
._t
o-"0
1
:
%

<# =%
<-&@ g-1%S
(....i-& ,4 a\] <O]<)) ,-./
3) QK%) D D< .1
8 <"S +) F+<
bO SY 3) mAB0 ( 2) ) ./0 ^
")! ^ .2
( 8 @ ' 1S ~ F+<
bO0 FK
:"
-S0 ?<ED /) .:) Q@ ;D9 2 A O-A .3
.(
& 0J@ @ a
"# D< ^) -K
^ .4
:l 62 [,- c $1$1$2$II
2
:T%
^/
JYN 3. f/%

BK) =-%#
O-"# . ) O] A 6OS ) n 1&<0 6O# @ 3"I O] n D<
~ . "
) 2 <8 7G <"S cij QK# j )/
^=%&0 i O]<
wj
.3"I ) +@
N f/%
O-"# <"#
"
(,h`%) xij <. @ P! N0 /0) <O ) f/%
a
"# <O ) <"#
._t
<
QKS @ g =%
<O ) D<. "
1&
:T%
"
0 7/# f/%
<O ) xij ,h`% !
xij
1
0
j )/
0 i O]<
wj } !
z9 ,4
S
`
6zBS f/%
< o- j=1,2,3,,n i=1,2,3,,n :~
:
%

61 : '0& i) Q. >j .D Q-

. .D 1
174 : '0& i) +0 ^/@ .D g\ >80!.D 2
- 132 -
:
i =1
j =1
)=
c ij x ij
........ (1 )
x i j = 1 ; i = 1 ,2 ,...,n
........ ( 2 )
x i j = 1 ; j = 1 ,2 ,...,n
........ ( 3 )
M in (w
n
j =1
n
i =1
1
x ij =
0
; i ,j
........ ( 4 )
?R# b"- .K
<-&B0 :- 3"I 1z 0
BK) P! ?R# 0K

!
m=n @ V x) i)

BK) 3) z
l%/# ~

BK) P! $S@
.EK 't%
fH ?. @ ,.:) ! >%S n m A ! Si=Dj=1
P! N0
)wJ<z @ b"- .K
<-&B0 f/%

BK) ")! 3) >v
0

BK) ,)wJ<L $@ l%/# z )wJ<z <# o@ 4! (D/%
) )"
/
<-&@
.(SJ`G) S )wJ<L k8 f/%

:,8c0a (k8&S
1
:
%
,<1L0 SJ`G )wJ<L ^=%& ) =-%#
>+
68 3) <O 3) A 1 <O >+J U-@ 3 ~t .1
o .+ `@ 1& A 3) 1 .2
o .+ `@ D<. A 3) 1 .3
SO -z 3) mA@ U- Q< D<. @ 1& A g1 .4
0<1 hv SxL 3) >+J `@ J% .5
<1L iY# 1
oO$ 0<1 hv /
A 3) >+
68 1 .6
JO9 g1 /0 : E SO -z Q< Q6
1K
@ D<./
J% .7
-L c68 1& @ D<.
%! >V@ <"%
:/.j -9 %N <O ) 3) = SxL 0) Dn .8
."
129 : '0& i) k[1+ :V) )& .D 1
- 133 -
:

%N >V/#
kO a
"%
XO2 %N >V/# u
f0 8 Z.%
>%S
b"/
0 @ O-"%
.@ m (19 @) ?.9 81&@ m /0) <O ) "# >%S
' 1# y`
Eh A %0 H E.@ @ 1&@ ! Q /0 <O <%# !

) Eh A %0 fH 4. a$ ?./
3) lA@ 19 FA =%
SY
SY ^=%&
)@ .b"/
0 b"/
(XO=%

) SO O-"# @ (>V/%

&@ i) P9 - ;m%&0 >V/%

o0# ,<1L a
"%
XOL =%

.m
- U- m
m
-
:GANTT K&G $2$2$II

iSJ 12 &&9 g
&9 3) l%/S Bar-Chart >&0 <-&9 68 7/S
.-/
EJDN A DJ @ Henry Gantt 7Y 3) ^+ Q6
:- 0+
86O#
/) )w D DJ<.-
<-1 @ k-/O
^=%&4 _<# >V# 7d 19171 ^
.,<1L c68 6O# F+ f0 ) . wj4 )wx
,<1L f0 0
U- ./S <:
3)Z
k9 J<W 3.$%S (k@ QD<.) 3SJ< 3 EJ <8 GANTT <-&@
>89 0 i) 190 aA y/S <: QD<./
)@
/ Y gK O-%s ,.K%0
ot<S ) <82

Y9 ^=%&0 19 >&J >%S )=%K DJ<
:T%
"

287 : '0& i) ",-./

%N EJD!" k) '<# ..D 1
700 : 2008 P9 / 1
DJ9/. iSw<%
-
J<
".V ,J+ >D <
."
g
&9" $O
SR).D 2
- 134 -
:

19
GANTT
w :(5$III))F8 N
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
K
10
11
12
13
14
3)Z

".V ,J+ >D <

."
g
&9" $O
SR) .D :J
701 : '0& i)
6OS Q6
=
E;OA U- g-v9 U- .%/S o<A <-&9 68 U- 6zRS
")! +@ o<A 19 f0 ,xz%
3)
K y/S 4 o<A 5
6A
"

.J
>
)wx
."
,R ,x-t%
#
:_>N Gx K&G $3$2$II

/0%%) EJ< 0 6O# ~ :.V# ?.9 g## P! k"
-t%
<-&@ %KS
O 0 \%
># 6O%
/0%) U- EJDN KS 68 : hz9 7G P! 4<
.o- ) g## +D 1=%
E;OA ) <<0 :VS SJD
86O# 3"I u
( @) 10% ?.9 <. 3) a
B%# qB0
?.@ Z.%#
,Y F+<
/\$
,+9 3)
z
m) ;D@ )w@ P! ?<<-
f/) K-K# '
./
3)
o =%& Q6
F+<
;:%4 SJ# /) QJ$
3) ! >:)

.o ;
>%& Q6
F+<
5
6A
U- JD!
?.@
1%
,D9 >8@ 3) k"
1=%
l%/S
3) ,4 @
z ?<zD 3)w St%
?.9 6O# )w@ U- E1K
`0 m)@ <n
^wx
3)Z
S( P! EZ.%) D< 1@ P!
?.@ -( g-1%S <8

- 135 -
:

S0 _<# )w 1Sz i >%S 19 c68 f0 &9 ,+x S( 3) -
Z.%
- c68 >%S z9 190 A +x 1SL f # A Sq
. hv 19 f0
># # (Critical Path Method) CPM JK <-&@ 3) A l%/S

/ SJD! ED@ (Project Evaluation and Review Technique) PERT /)
Du Pont A 1957 ^ JK <-&@ >. # } + .
?.@

68 ^=%& % G i0%
,S."
i ) @ 6O#
12 yv9
# )@ .i ,O%K J<Ke ; A \N ,
,4 3) D <-&9
1959 1958 k) fm
3) <. /%0 F.. )l
/) >#
>"t%
yv9 S"K/
) 6O#
12 y`0 "S)9 St
K
A SJ%
5
3) $S@ <-&9 68 % +
)<[G t-&9 ,O
1
.:<@ 7x%z0 , 6O#
[#%&N ,4
:CPM L-y 82 K&G $1$3$2$II
,Y
<8 JK )w ?.9 " ,JK) ?<Y@ o@ U- JK 7/S
?xz 3) CPM ," JK K >%S .2:%Sq C "
S0 3) +/%
3
:k8 ) x
V( &{ :; G'-( 9?2' :z G'-
ESi 0 o
Z)S Q6
19 i.e " S
3)w K P! - c68 7
,0K U- ?< >%S T%

0 .Dij 0 G Z)h (i,j)
E) )@ ES1=0 @ ~
:
%
+x/
' 1%0 ^)9 <n ?%4
ES j = Max ESi + Dij ... (1)
i
196 : '0& i) +0 ^/@ .D g\ >80!.D 1

: 2004 /0
/ 1
DJ9/. iSw<%
-
\ JD ",-./
< ))" k) iJ 'J -z kt% 2
187
206 : '0& i) +0 ^/@ .D g\ >80!.D 3
- 136 -
:

K 4@ g (j) t-
" S
3)w K o@ f %S +x/
c68 ?xz 3)
.(j) D k:%# u
(i,j) 19 i.e O-L D<t-
" S
3)w
@8& &{ :; G'-( 9?2' : G'-
"
S0 D C ;J<
P! "
Sq D 3) ?%4 >%S - c68
+ LCi 0 o
Z)S Q6
19 i.e zB% wj4 3)w K P! - c68 7
U- ?< 3"I T%
0 LCn=ESn (k\:
) i=n ) o@ U- 'O#
:
%
+x/
' 1%0 ;J<
<n ?%4 ,0K
LCi = Min LC j Dij ... ( 2 )
j
i.e EzB% S:

3)w K 4@ g (i) t-
EzB% S:
3)w K
.(i) 3) '-1# u
19
-y N , j G'-(: G'-
E
gK ;J<
<n ^)9 <n f
%4 \% ^=%&0 19 D(
:
%

:
%

F( ! JK iS (i,j)
@ ?<
ESi = LCi
... ( 3)
ES j = LC j
ES j ESi = LCJ LCi = Dij

:PERT |(U -( ):. K&G $1$3$2$II
S(
.% 4 ^<:O) P! %KS oB0 JK <-&@ 3 PERT <-&@ Z.%S
J 3)Z
^<:O) U- CPM <-&@ .%/S f A o+`%KS Q6
3)Z-
,+9
:k8 <@ x P! PERT <-&@ gK 3)Z
>KS .AR

wj4
$@ '( y%0 wjx
<v 3)Z
<8 :t1 v} M(1
wjx

;<&@ '( y%0 wjx
<v hv 3)Z
<8 :t2 _(}N M(1
.
wj4 / Y '( y%0 k/ 1
6O%
3)w <8 :t3 ;' -] M(1
- 137 -
:

%0 iSw<%
i$2 PERT <-&@
wj 3)w ,S# @ ,&J
F0 +
A wj 3)Z
kS
i+<%
iSw<%
68 gK Beta Distribution
=
t3 t1
6
:<8 A wj 3)Z

QJ/ 7n4 E ij
t1 4 t 2 + t 3
6
:<8
# >%S PERT<-&@ gK 19 S( JK .+ K

wj 3)Z
/+<% .
Dij 3) 40 J %4 f/0 6z9 i) '0K
<-&9 bO
:"
6zB# (3) (2) (1) ,+x/
T%
0 Eij Q@ (i,j)
ES j = Max ESi + Eij ... ( 4 )
i
LCi = Min LC j Eij ... ( 5 )
j
LCn=ESn ~
ESi = LCi
ES j = LC j
... ( 6 )
ES = ES = LC LC = E
i
j
i
ij
j
/+<% >
<. P! QKS PERT " JK 5
U- ;0
gKt PERT JK.-
QJ/ 7n4 )@ JK -z
1
:
%
+x/
^=%&0
PE =
ij
:8c iF ~1w 8HI $III

J`
i10 O% 40 5

EJD! P! )z %0 3SZ=%
O] ^<#
EJD! ^<# )L c68 # :K%
g-1
5
:
! f w= ,/

,Z:[%-
SJ

<) 3.$%S k- O# r)w ? D0

3SZ=%
O] /%K# @ 68 3) y`
3)Z
3) E% + 5
0<-1 ,% 4
.EDW 8<)
,% -%
EZ8 <"%
- 138 -
:

:8c iF ~1w 8HI < * $1$III
, ;Z9 3) D U- Q<% :) A , E 3) ,/ EZ:9 <"%#
8. :$/0 3 a-%2 D< "
,O< ~ 3) d z ,O \ z
:O-# + @ ;Z9 3) D ? %& -. >%# 5
6
:- :-1 < k-`%

..A OA ;D9 <%K) U- Ot-
:Ax:%&4 [%
T< m :O
"# @ ~
,-. U- hB# /
>8@ 3) J`
i1+ l%/#
-`%
#N g KS 8<# ^ @ .A
O-"# 3) % 50|40 f0 )
,-./
>" ^V <# QJ$
3) o E;O"
%N U- 68 EJ<1L .E/ %!
i1+ Zs 12 EJDN )/
789 l%/# 5
6
J`
i1+ 3SZ2 %! f)B# 12
1
:k8 J`

:8c iF /& bG <- .1
/1
k8 J`
i1
D<) J`
i10 G %& Q u
;Z9 7/# ED
u
,4 ;Z@ /# 4 .E/ d DO# 4 &+ D<) k:
D<) )@ E/ d DO#
S( a %
68 H@ _$%# .J`
i1+ 3) "A E/ . 3 k-`%
8. SZS
.
D<) @ J`
i1+ Ew g
&@ ,S<%K)
:8c iF o^! K&G bG <- .2
QD %+4 8h<# QJe /1
Ew && U- J`
/1+ x:%& <-&@ RS
`%
./
)Z
E%O
&J0 x:%&4 ,4/) S# >%S .
-O0 *K D
,4/ :%J) ,x[K
i+ 3) :\D@ +<< JD -/O
`%
7V
G
-%
/) ? %& && #! 5
U- g#%S .J k%4 ./-
x:%&4
i1+ Ew 3SZ=%
O-"# 3) -# F+<
bO ./-
E <
#! EDSw 1/

.J`

:8c iF M( L'; -, :. .3
04 : 2002 "
,-. EJD" k..%
ZSZ/
.D 1
http://faculty.ksn.edu.sa/documents.pdf
- 139 -
:

, <
,/.-
J`
i1+ >%S J`
i1+ 3)
,% U- 7/%-
."
D( .oAx:%& ,4/) ;Ze 3 ,0 U- Q<%( ~ z ,x[&
:T%
A E <
K-
;Ze 3) <-1 D/
K ;Z Q@ 3) 0<-1
(-/O
./
,& D &<%) x k-/O
k)<
./
,& D &<%))
=
;Z[-
kAx:%&4 ./
&<%)
;Z9 D
K
0<-1
:8c iF +0. .4

/ Y gK :) o%< ;Ze / Y gK :) Y E/0 J`
i1+ a # >%S
.%N @ ;
J J`
/1+ ^=%& H9 $S@ a %
>%S 3SZ=%

? *@J g-v@ mI J`
i1+ <@ 3) D D @ Z= A P! V
f S
J+ 3) mA@ %( 4 h A D <# m u
<9 k+0 b"/
Z= .m%K
(ABC &&) ^=%&4 .+ gK a %
E" ,B 3) .Z= .+ 3) D
:,<. @ , x P! J`
i1+ a # P! ABC ^V0 >K%
E" .%/#
<"# c68 Z= o%.+ g-v@ m u
J`
i1+ 3) D D m :A <.
)=%K <9 3) % 15 D
D <"# ED &<% ^=%&4 &<% 3.m
, J`
i1+ m :B <.
)=%K <9 3) %35
T< <"# ED EDW .
, J`
i1+ 3) h A D .# c68 :C <.
.)=%K <9 3) %50
:8c i: f: .5
<-1 hv 7x%z4
w! i 5
lA H@ , J`
i1
b%
-. l%/#
.+x , K[%) J`
i1+ 3) <. 8S( 3) J`
i1
>V% hv
<# .%/ b%
I J`
i1
>V%) i<
&&@ b%
7:S 5
60
.;Z9
- 140 -
:

:8c iF 4Z&. .6
%! @ .A J`
i1+ Zs EJDN K\
789 ! J`
i1+ h<# l%/S
U- chB# 5
H9 d
>K+ r%/S u
K\
^: @ ;Z9 S i1

.?x N &&
O-"# SD %+4 k <
E/ `#
:0 M,1% C .7
>%S :) J`
i1+ Zs EJDN K\
^: @ 3SZ=%-
g&) i+<) D! l%/S
.g&) Zs P! ?<<-
k.- <-&B0 w= >. # 12
:8c iF ~1w )x ?F- $2$III

f
K# U- 0
-& J`
i1+ Zs 0+
>"t%-
.-/
g
&9 m
i1+ <@ @ 3) .A g-1# C) :H Z= 0+J Ew ,&& e/ f&&@
U- a+<%# f
K%
U- 0N .- c68 g-1# u
E] ."
k8 ) J`

/0%) <-&@ 5
6A : m
) % ,
J`
/1+ ^=%& ?/) <
:k8 J`
i1+ g-1
)=%K .
>8@ ./1
A
:(WILSON L`&d) "EOQ" ,HF; G ] L`&d $1$2$II

N O-"%
/ Q6
m)9 -1
>[ D! <8 <.
6G k&&9 7G
-1
D! O-"# ;
O-"# :k8 a
"%
3) <@ x <. k8 3"I ) +@
.Z=0 O% 4 O-"#
1
:k-S . <.

68 , m.%#
(F0 g-1
?/)) F0 ^<-/) g-1
|1
%0 :)x%& -1
D! f0 E%O
@ Q@ ED %0 SJ<%
E% |2
%0 E <
E <
O-A |3
.E% A %0 0<-1 ,."
|4
:
%
`
0 g-1-
SD %+4 ."
D! 3"I
134 : 2004 m
/ 1
DJ9/. 8 JD "o% +) %N 12" fK Q<S0 . 1
- 141 -
:

Q =
2DC 1
C2
:@ ~
SD %+4 g-1
.A :Q
3)Z
E g-1
?/) :D
-1
J! O-"# :C1
.Z= 3) E E <0 O% 4 O-"# :C2
:
%

D/0 N , -1
D S( 3"I .A
N =
D
Q
:
D/0 =%KS T, -1
f0 3)Z

T =
1
Q
=
N
D
:G HI : $2$2$II

Q 1;
)@ xY! g<%S o
! ?<<
Q6
Z= 3) <%K 5
k8
Q@ SJ<%
E) ?xz ,-./
,% K
A <"# ~ g-1
ED! 1 K%
.Z= O ,4 + E% ."
# @ i+<%S
2
:k-S ) S( )9 ^Z-%KS g-1
ED! <%K) St%

c D a
3) Q:
@ k)<
(^=%&4) x:%&4 ?/) |1
g-Y S( 6) 5
;
g-Y ED! -. :+`%K# u
E%O
k8 ED SJ<# E% |2
01) :%)x& 3) AB%
: t /0 K&R Zs E% ."
?<zD V C ;

: ~ (L) Z)
0 SJ<%
E%O
Z)S EDW ,O<.-
O<)
.SJ<%
)@ J! SJ# ESe -1
?< SJ# = (L) SJ<%
E%
P.LYONNET, la maintenance, mathmatiques et mthodes , op.cit, p : 251
306 : 2004 m

/ 1
DJ9/. \ JD "k.A J<V) 3) 3SZ=%
;
D< EJD!" SZ)w >/) Q<&< 2
- 142 -
:

R^B
Zs >"t%

?.@
12 P! O
68 ?xz 3) +1#
O]<A
0 S/
5
E.%/ ."
g
&9 a-%s /%& J`
i1+
?19 -# U- AB%
0 %N ,/.-
;D9 >V/#
3."# [#%&!
^=%& _ @
%N ,-./
^V ;D@ m
U- VW 3) 3"I ,O+<%

_ @ .A )L
, 3) hmA &&@ -
~S k.-/
<-&9
.%N ,/ ,4
v k1`S 11=
0 ^.%84
1=%
-. : /-# u
H9 U- 7<+<
O
68 ?xz 3) /1%&

D</S ) <8 :%%! iJ ,/ ,4 a+<# ,+9 -# 3)
?.9
e
.O-"# +@ ED< mA@ ,[%) # T%
0 %N -./
EJh& U- N0
- 143 -
ALZINC :

:
!
"# $ %

/". !
0 123 4 5 6 728 89-. )(*+, &'(

E &=+ (> & ?@A3 -'+# B'C
D6 ...: )/;
!(*+
.F'G> 1*
'HI 4H 5 -HA -8( J, D K63 L+ MN )(*+ OD6 780H
.2, +>' P KH'
:Q -4 A R $ @0H HS ( 89-. )(* "#
\A]H 84
[4 KH -8> 6 Q ASVW3 Y'2H Q - , Z0H R :ASVW X( UI
.^ @ _* '` a ASVW -H,
$
[aHb =K !ad !e( Q c2H P , R :ASVW 5 [aHb =K UII
. aHb 842 fg !e02H 2 @C hi* 89 aHb '0 3 Y'2H
!S S Q &keb )?( [4 KH (2@ l :ASVW3 j UIII
. ; o0I d / A & L4
m 0n 7a Q ASVW3 Y >
- 144 -
ALZINC :

: I
[6 &'(W pq Ll r f W pI !; 3 8 [?3-> 8]H )(* o
(8 v ^Cw 0 ) '(48 (H @I F. &H>6 22 t3 ( *A s8
o3H
/( 780 oW D6 Ib . * S 'HI 0y )(
z (a+H F. { *
.y8 23 F. > > !w F
H 4. &PK* 4A /@H )/; 2
./; |>S [* 4 S
I Q ,}b3 '('(~ >A8 C+
:- oW D6 7 (
?A )(
'.W !08A F
(
/HS '(H y3 =+' * f W oW pI '('(* >S I & C+ '('(~ >A >@y3 )(*+ m3 '('(* >S +a )W 2 @A3 )(*+ L+ P sa' . rD (32 hi )(*+ m3
- > 1 n Q rV' h8. 110 t3 -
(2@' { *
(
'> ED P3 L+42W r+- +H C 5 048 o H L .
OD6 @HA' rD m FS !08A 42
\8C2 ;y
4Ha
:ALZINC
!" #$ 1I
.y8 23 METANOF o4 , [6 ALZINC 8 '? .y

:t3 (' [
4Ha L3 1998U05U24 'H3 Fg(*.788 3
8550 s8
hA (r?a ' + 8 +A A ? ) 855 000 000 .00
.+0 ASVW 8 100 000 .00 h-S . 4 I &h-S
m?e ) B'+A H Q .y ( [SS +8 @C
.M] ?@S $'G> 1~ &(E)
( *+ HW [6 &1974 G4A' -w 5 Hb * 8 '? .y F8
. ', 5 " 2 %+HAW s8
)W
.'+S C 36850 [6 PHy 8 aHb )(
:[6 oW D6 f3 5 @a '?a !.w )(
FS (
- 145 -
ALZINC :

:'? !.y8 @A 3 .1
?3-> ! -iH 3 F8> .w [6 TLANTIKIT .w !f@. (2W !f@ ! SN.Mtal (2W !f@8 C+ .y c+*
(2W ! -iH 3 F8> SAE !48 '? .y .fe0 3 F8> SABIBAD .w : @a !.y8 @A 3 .2
p+8S)
S(3 !(-
{ > i8@ MECHIM .w (f@ , 'C
)~ (A.H ]8 -iH3 F8> { W LURGHI .w !; ! fy 7 .H3 F8> { ' 8 CHEMICO .w $'G> 14~
.O W 2 (2W YA !0 -iH3 F8> DEGRIMONT .w :( ALZINC .w o 82HW !.y h6
:'( )* :%&
Q !.y GH2 $ A'+A3 GLENCORE .w - :& + , 1
ALZINC 6(4H, 'W3 '(@ 5 -2 2H F. &ALZINC o 82HW
.w F]@ z 42 f; R 'W y, (23 > & )W 3 !iHW3
S '(3 o iH -2 @ GLENCORE .w )W rHy ALZINC
[-, \82HW h6 & 2 '+^ @A3 > 'W3 -2 2H !
2009
" % !.w Q ,} D6 .S )(W +
-2 =G !iHW @A G. D
. @S .w [6 GALVANIZADOS .w
[6 "MAGHREEB STEEL/ATLASCIT" .w - : - + , 2
.GLENCORE .w (23 " @W H9
.)/; @A3 > ... 0' A+ & > i83 )('(
% !.w Q ,}
- 146 -
ALZINC :

:/0* )* :.
Q @W H9 [6 323 ARSELOR MITTAL .w U1
@'3 BATICIM .w U2
''
+3 G3 IRRAGRIS .w U3
323 GALVATUBE .w U4
. +3 S.A.E.G .w U5
2009 / ALZINC #8- 7:(1IV) 12 34
'* 7? 9 ;<=> 9 :

20%

19%

61%
ASVW B?g :(W
:ALZINC @A3B 1C/$ 2I

8( fa !b ( rD Cb f@ ASV48 [4 KH > 3 ('
-@80H' $ 0y L4
3 =+ $ !(*+ 4 KH !4 AH \@' +-, &- ,
.'b ! D n oI+ (H 08A ( P 4. &ASVW (6 B 9

)(*+ ASVW hi* :[6 +
)(23 ASV r [4 KH > gH'

+ -aH9 $ Ab !( e H a -84
> * )(
.z 42 $ ^ @ K -(HA $ a+ +>H
:[8' 4. +6 ALZINC ASVW [4 KH >
- 147 -
ALZINC :

:-# " "
&(
H & ;yH )
4Ha + + f+S \+ ?+8 , / AH 3 =+
&?( ) =AI )(
A D6 &@S fy o @ !fa &(
4Ha !
W
: H (!''(W
:Q 4A :1 F$G D <E .1
(A.H ]8 /-0H \wH ]8 .e ?+A ]8 . 3 ). 8?A Q @8 -8'+9 +W ^ -H3 =+
:Q hA :2 F$G D <E .2
[?3-> 8]H ]8 m 8n 7'D ]8 .aHS ]8 Y8Hd Q P8'+9 @8 PH * Q 8?A PH * 8 [?3-> '+]H s8
42
.(...&I &?@A ) L>w
:Q 4A :I=JG D <E .3
> W ]8 U
f3-> ]8 U
.m@ M )-a ]8 U
.H2 !w+ Y8HW *eb ?I+ s8
42
:Q hA :KL M D <E .4
r.W W ]8 U
!S(8 r.W |H 7H>W ]8 U
.2 ?S+ ]8 U
- 148 -
ALZINC :

+HW Hb +C . @I =+ 4. keb ! 84
> m 0H S( 3 hH
.P
:Q hA ::"*N$ DO$ D <E .5
)iH ]8 U
.'+4H ]8 U
.o @ +
D =3J3 =+ 4. ) ASVW ! a* > +4W [6
:Q hA :/"( D <E .6
'@ @S ]8 U
./ AH @I W ]8 U
. W ! 842 Y8Hd @I '+A W (
--
:Q 4A :" 48 E* D <E .7
\(HAW ]8 U
.+a ]8 U
...h &h-8 h- , \(HAW Vw / A --
:Q ,}b3

+ @I ]8 U
.^ @ [
(
A U
- 149 -
ALZINC :

NA @NC/$ 3B:(2IV)12 34
ALZINC
-# " "

': W )?
'@ @S ]8
W ]8
'+4H )iH )?
)iH ]8
'+4H ]8
/ AH @I
!S( )?
W / A
]8
W
keb )?
2 Hb )?
1 Hb )?
> W ]8
8]H ]8
[?3->
(A.H ]8
f3-> ]8
7H>W ]8
r.W |H
2 ?S+ ]8
)-a ]8
m@ M
7'D ]8
m 8n
aHS ]8
\wH ]8
/-0H
?+A ]8
e
'y@ +W )?
yW
\(HAW ]8

+ @I ]8
+a ]8
^ @ [
(
A
ASVW B?g :(W

150
ALZINC :

:ALZINC - Q RS$ ANP 3I
W K m ^ @ s8
* 0 "# -82 ALZINC ASV y 2 @C
E 4. 5 =6 oa _*+ { * ]@ 5 - 8H hH' $ S !' P8n
i H B80 $ A !; ( % -a -a D6 & ?D; -H4 I +a 5
'D '(W >S ] oa Q P m ^ @ +8 Q rV )W 89
...6/q =K2 wy6 +3 . )('(
c +>Hy' +]@
&^ @ '` m ^ ) o (
s8
fb R 2002 M 20 'H3 P 8

4. .^ @ _* '` a +- 23H ALZINC ASV =H8 (2 D6 7a+
F2} &2004 2@C 14001 ' 2W @C D6 ^ @ / AH o}+3 ASVW FI
+0H + -> '+0 mS+HW &/ %(W s8
!> W
+4 P e
.A~
(-' !' '+A 8 4 3 3 ALZINC ASV FI (
+]4H' .[
y s8
K,]48 7a ^ @ '` S 30W Q 7a
: H S L+* G D6
:A< "/ .1
]@ 5 7 $ 8?A +W H 0 fyJ3 ASVW FI 1987 =
5
.1990 =
)4HA 3 L;w * F8
:"T "/ .2
:H . [6 '} ! 84
233 = +}+W D6 =8HS
)
;yH
!I+H8 K O W3 oW '+# 8>y = : S8 U-
(W A ? p@S (* +6 &O W3 )(*+ ('H !
0
)>HW ;yH
3
= 2000 Q I03 ]@ O H )(* fyJ3 1994 =
ASVW FI &+8H
. +'
151
ALZINC :

(a @ \aG 'D6 ('( )
:!O$A >V W$-= ? R' X/$2
1~ H 84
5 6 @28' { 4z B~ rD /@> (8 D6 r}
.$'G>
:8A "/ .3
rD m i H D6 ( '48 @C @8 !' 'H c+* fy
o}: [
c+~,.)( PHIC F]@ ;yH 5 oW Ze0 D 'H8
5 L;w * 4 KH +8 @C y (I ^ @ 3 82H S . 3I8
.2001 =
8'+a -w
:]N^ +[$ Y, Z[ DEP\ .4
(A.H $w 6 )
5 3 P W %G. yW D6 GH2'
: 6H )
84
( &14~
!' ) ^ @ s8
!' -
i' w+ OD )4HAW !I+H8 (* o} U
(';
.% !w+8 r2 4HAW ;yH U
.2002U02U24 'H3 \Hw+ \6 ;y (
(I
:^ @ s8
K,]48 F $ !4"HS3 : vb 8> [8' 4 ,
152
ALZINC :

Na$ % J( bG A3 :(1IV) 12 _`
c8 dAP CeSNA f& Y
+ 8:
A3
AN#
32
?+A w
129
]@ O 0
47
Y iH H [a3 ('(
188
!; w
70
@8 !' 'H [

c+~
651
14~ (A.H $w 6
1117
g*Nh
ASVW B?g:(W
: Q @'$G iC/ II

: @'$G iC/ ' j =>- 1II
"4H $ aHb 842 !e( \H3 ALZINC =+ aH ASV >.
s8
P(I =(
(32 hi F@g (23 /@ 6/HS hH' $ )W 5 SS
!ad s8
/ 5 L+~ hH * )(23 )W OD6 # &ASVW ! a* @8
:ASV48 [aHb =K !ad !e( c23 [8' 4 , =+S &ALZINC ASV
:@'$G iC/ =>- 11II

:[8' 4 , ALZINC ASVW [aHb =K !e( "4H
(2W U
?3-> I0 U
153
ALZINC :

=+ W U
U
.f+ @ fW U
:+W OD6 ASVW Ee-HS }+' H L(
ALZINC
+ 8:
2009
@'$G iC/ =>- *k :(2IV) 12 _`

2008
2007
2006
!+A
Ee-HS
3268
3785
6410
7148
(2W
322
337
326
338
I0
250
281
265
225
% !.e-HS
3840
4403
7001
7711
+4
@S ]8 48AW B?g+ :(W
:@'$G iC/ ' j 21II

:[8' 4 , ALZINC ASVW [aHb =K !ad "4H
(SHG)Zinc U
Alliages de zinc m?e U
Zamac E U
Poudre de zinc Z+]A U
Acide Sulfurique $'G> 1~ U
.Cuivre M] U
$'G> 1~ 7a Q PHy iHW ! 4> }+' H L(
M]
154
ALZINC :

ALZINC
C:
2009
2008
F$G 1O?:(3IV) 12 _`

2007
2006
!+A
iHW ! 4>
24144
21314
14231
18160

6136
9059
12782
14006
m?e
613
379
236
688
E
30863
30752
27249
32854
PHy +4
53620
51030
49936
59514
$'G> 1~
53
28
34
63
M]
@S ]8 48AW B?g+ :(W
: '$G " k 2II

:+[$ A? - :%&
%32 %60 Q % 54s8
( la blende :(2W) )W r+H9
7. 15 +* &SiO2 %3 & 2% Q %1&('(~ %6 F'G>
.%0.15 (* 5 h-H@A
7A* =950 a F9 7'DH % 5 (2W )(A. hH
: H 2W
ZnS+ 3/2 O2
ZnO + SO2 + )*
g q &d + 7 3 G

P- a+ hH' ( A. 5 "4H )(A. 84
+
Q ( $ )-a 8A8S Le Pa+' rD %6 +* O . F'G> ( A.
{ * &P(A. hH' ' (Four de catalyse) ~ , Q L+ (23 O('G PH
.(SO3) Q L+]H' { * (V2O5) =+', ( A. H3 o
H'
155
ALZINC :

.)]8 2@ ' -, SO3 Q SO2 )(A.

SO2+ 1/2 O2
SO3 + )*
: (
)~ 1 { * ]8 '+* !@C 23 G
)w@ ;
: H 2W 7A* F'G> 1` Q P8'+9 hH' &@C .
SO3 + H2O
H2SO4
'~ I0 84
4' @ 4 3 &.D }
8 C % !e
E6
. ]48 A 3 2W *W '
:Mk$ R,[$ A? - :.
3 r o $'G> 1~ 5 Le * 5 P 8
( A. 2
Q @A Le Q ( [6 (Lixiviation) \wH s4A 842 OD6 &7?+y
f0
% -a L+8 5 )(? 7?+y hK2 P
aHS c;3 sI (*
c+* 8A8AH
+4 5 (9 $ 8
H W fa '+IC )+I L+8
(I - ' 3 q 7S ZnSO4 = L+8 842 OD6
H' &)0;W
F9 > Q 8g c+* 8A8AH %
+4 5 14~ @A -H2
.
}+`
m@-W s8
+S > $ 7?+y 3 o@y \wH 84
P 8
L+8
>w s8
7?+y , hH' { * (Purification) /-0H 8423 D ZH @I
/-0H :\H8* s8
hH 842 OD6 & Z+]A )3 +6 H4A
,}J3 F
&M &F83+.&> )- 7?+y G. f , s8
>' A s8
.=+ " =+ (> '3 , s8

.' @ s8
/-0H &(...'(I
. L/150+* s8
r+H ZnSO4 -0 L+8 /-0H 84

H'
:9A @< 3 AS$ A? - :a.
?3-. I03 +]y [6 89 -. 'e + (ZnSO4) -0W L+8 {23 hH'
s4A " @ S @0I 49 (+.) m@-W3 Q s4A ? \
+3 )-
7SH' f3-> /g F9 & 8 288+6 'e: OD6 (
@a+ @0I 49 (+) (2W3
156
ALZINC :

P 8
) @A .O/y hH' S24 (23 m3-W s8

(Spcial High Grade ou o , Y +6 %99.995 [6 [?3-> 8]H 84
.LME 248 ( +3 5 iA' 3 P 4A $ @A [6 SHG)

:7"l$ A? - :#
{~3 , 5 - 8
( 0@-W !II ) ? 7'D hH'
@AW G
D6 =550U =450 \3 )~ a kH { *&[?3->
.(SHG) : ?@S s8
L+~ hH
ALZINC /- Q F$G " 0:(3IV) 12 34
(ZnS) (2W
=(950U900) 7'DH
ZnO
o
SO2
\wH
SO3 Q
/-0H
*+
SO3 H
ZnSO4
m8: )
8 [?3-> 8]H
M]8 [?3-> 8]H
7'DH U
m8: + 7'DH U
M]
'+]H
S.H.G U
m?e U
ASVW B?g :(W

157
$'G> 1~
H2SO4 (98%)
ALZINC :

: '$G AN# X/.& =k#$ #80 1O? Am 3II
842 YI+ f Y $ 8HW p@S s8
2H 3 ( W S( F]
S )(H4W )H8 !e02H 2 @C hi* 89 s8
f+ m 8A -802 aHb
.2009 S Q 2006
+ A Q - H3 4I aHb 842 YI+ p@S @@S 15 s8
2H R
0@ p@S 02H ?3-. p@S 02H > > p@S 02H :[6 SS
82H .y h % p@S 7a Q aHb 842 3 0@ p@S &m@ @I
&fW) 8?A 'D;H ?3-> 'D;H &PH
+ )f P
0 { * f+S W3
.6/q +> !3 ; 7a Q (@ &f+
. aHb 842 YI+H 'VW p@S + (
H L( }+'
158
ALZINC :

20092006 D $A n? + #80 7? "*c 8/ !2*$ P EP:(4IV) 12 _`

A :)(*+
+4
%
YI+H hi*
12
2009
2008
% YI+H hi*
YI+H hi*
3294.4
302.5
1941.6
302.5
682.8
2007
2006
!+A
YI+H p@S
% YI+H hi* %
YI+H hi*
408
441.55
29
2142.35
> > L0

105.15
11
770.6
10
763.35
?3-. L0

143.5
180
57.3
302
m@ @I L0

43 12102.89 65
3847
48
3848.05
39 2673.15 23
1734.69
842 3 0@ p@S

aHb
36 10356.48 23
1358.7
44
3518.6
43
2542.08
% p@S
100 28378.17 100
5954.2
100
8059.8
100 6879.7 100 7484.47
2937.1
34
Hb )? B?g s8

4H
3 @ 0 (
:(W
159
+4
ALZINC :

YI+ f Y $ p@S 123 s8
f+ m 8A L( D6 Le *
> .- 8
m@ M I ?3-> > > W !I+H /g hi* 3 aHb 842
:H @ "4H Le 7@S . @A }+
!2*$ o8 & :- 78 3 @P !2*$ 1O? 8: (4IV) 12 34
12%
7%
2%
36%

"!
$%&* ") ('
,"

43%
@ 0 (
:(W
$ p@S (H' aHb 842 )/A3 m@ P@@S +>' rD YI+H hi*
> > W L0
6(23
+HW p@S - 8 aHb 842 YI+ f Y
+ > !I+H8 [
A hi~ +0 }+H .+H s8
m@ @I ?3->
:H @ "4H 3 \2HA p@S OD6
!2*$ o8 & :- 78 3 @P 1O^ *k :(5IV) 12 34
20092006 D $A

5000

4000

3000
"!
2000
$%&* ") ('
1000
,*
0
2006
2007
2008
2009

@ 0 (
:(W
160
ALZINC :

)H, 8 C ( '+HA 5 s@ m@ @I L0
@ "4H 8a -K'
L0
)w@ - 8 &YI+ =' 7 p' r A 5 YI+ S170 L(2 S(
5 !(3 2007U2006 $S 5 2 F. '+S YI+ S485.4 L(2 ?3->
3 (a+HW [A C;W c 02 ( SS ?3-> L0
\3 c
%+HA s8
5 F. (, > > W L0
4 , & 7'D s8
42' rD
- 3 (23 F aHb 842 3 0@W p@S FI, * 2006 S
v !I+H8 [
A hi~ c .(2W o'+ s8
42' rD ( ] YI+
hAI L4
D@W +- Q oa' m@ @I ?3-> > > W L0

. ae
?I
)H, '(3 5
+ . aHb 842 3 0@W !e02H8 [
A hi~
A~ mS+HW Z, { * 2008 S 5 P %+HA s8
Q 5 (3 S(
842 3 0@W !e02H 2 @C .2009 S * 2 [3 S(W o3 !+A8
Q =+ > M] &F 3+> " !@SH '- 5 SS "4H aHb
' h SO3 Q SO2 F'G> ( A. g '+9 84
s8
G @I 7a
)W 6 W 4y' Pf P
0 { * f+S W3 0@W p@S
Cuivre Zinc cathode &ZnSO4 &ZnO 5 "4HW [0S+ W (2
.cathode
f+ &fW) 8?A 'D;H &+> &!3 ; 4y $ % !@@AW 4 ,
Q ge" !+A 8 C
!(-w (, !: feH ?3-> 'D;H (@
.2009 S 5 %+HA Q H
YI+H +6 aHb 842 YI+H 'VW p@S 4} GW YI+H hH' :C?=sI. '-w Q -w (H +6 >. o48 L4
Y8Hd fab W
.'(
161
ALZINC :

: F$G pe dAP 2*$ 1O? .& 13II
H hi* ASV48 &'+S C 36850 Q P0?e 8 aHb )(
?I+ L4

%( *HW 'y@ 'W ! >b s8
YI+H' oI+H r+S
P Q 6 )wb 7.! -iH8 ?i !I+H (~ s8
42 $ ae2
P > % p@S aHb 842 3 0@W !I+H hi* hq 3
4? rV' Hb 8A8S \2 fa 02 Hb )/S s8
8@ 8A /gH
4A' [0S d E6 +>' * 7 q 5 P P B*e B3A f 02 Q
d 4. +a o )(A. 3 5 8 (* s8
L"4. & aHb 842 =#J3
.8: keJ3 L4
=+' \* 5 aHb 842 4HAHS ~ OD6 " 5 ZnO
:H L( Le D6 H'
D - 9A @^ 2*$ F$G:(5IV) 12 _`
20092006 D $A ?$ '$G
C:)(*+
I0 Le;HS @A
B]H @A [ ~ Hb oI+HW Hb Hb )(I @
(%) *HW
(% )
89.16
73.95
83.45
89.16
77.85
93.19
32854
27249
30752
36850
35000
33000
83.75
82.6
93.53
88.3
30863
121718
*HW
!+A
36850
36850
36850
2006
2007
2008
33000 36850
137850 147400
2009
+4
Hb )? (W B?g+ s8

4H
3 @ 0 (
:(W
s8
f3 -aH oI+HW ! 4> B 9 5 ASVW B,+ %( s8
B]H @A @2
: H 2W Ie0 7A9 &-'( ),+HW ! >b
162
ALZINC :

100 x
S > [ ~ Hb

S > oI+HW Hb
= B]H @A
)( 3 e2, iHW ! 4> W (42 [-, *HW I0 Le;HS @A 4 ,
: H 2W3 s02 &'+S C 36850 Q rA $ ASV48 *HW aHb
100 x
S > [ ~ Hb

*HW aHb )(
= *HW I0 Le;HS @A
)0AW (6 B 9 ASVW ># %( s8

)K f J3 L( 4A'
!A 2006 S %+HA s8
Q F8 $ *HW I0 Le;HS %( S >
A]H &'wVW e. 5 } !(-w (, 2007 S 4 , B]H @A o - ,
> .2009 S 5 4 I s8
Q B]H @A { * \H +W \HA 5 2}+
: H @ )(4
Le oI+HW [ ~ Hb \3 Z }+
2*$ @^ F$G 1O? *k -: (6IV) 12 34
()
20092006 D $A 9 ;<=> 9 :40000

35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
.!% %&
0112 %&
2006
2007
2008

@ 0 (
:(W
163
2009
ALZINC :

]W Le Z >y3 oI+HW [ ~ Hb \3 W OD6 }+ >
Q [ ~ Hb { * 2007 S 5 Fg(* $ )+i }+' rD H @
s8
(* rD |H >yW Q oa' o3 S( !+S Le P %+HA
?A 7@S +6 m3-W s8
7SH' (2' { * 8 [?3-> 8]H %+HA
:)/@.
9 ;<=> 9A 2*$ @^ F$G *k :(7IV) 12 34
20092006 D $A
()
40000
30000
.!% %&
20000
0112 %&
10000
0
2006
2007
2008
2009

@ 0 (
:(W
: Q q III

aHb - s8
~ Q !ASVW 6/;. ALZINC ASV s2A
D W ; o0I W A~ / AH ae2 ?I+ !S S D Le
. aHb 842 /S A* s8
w@ /g
:@NC/$ Z# I=JG D <E 1III

Hb ? w w ALZINC ASV 5 )/@. keb )? H9
, 5 aHb ! -iH s8
_,9 $ *eb ?I+ !( O,+ W
L4
o'+ c2 [8' 4 , &P > 1 n H 3 Hb YI+ p@S 8 L*
:2009U2006 )H8 !e6VW 7A* )?
164
ALZINC :

=Z 7? D <E _NP "T* :(6IV) 12 _`
2009
2008
2007
2006
!+A
!e6VW
10
13
!C
45
45
48
45
h>]H +

77
70
77
79
D H +

131
124
135
137
+4
'y@ +W )?:(W

L>w Le )? ]8 > [4 KH > }+ >
: H
165
ALZINC :

< 3 SA @NC/$ 3B:(8IV) 12 34
?3-> ]8
f3-> ]8 ?
?3-> ! > M(-
(H ;y ?
;y ?
[?3->
?3->
=( ?
=( ?
=( ?
=( ?
[?3-.
Y 8H
+4 ?
I, ?
o'+H
I, ?
w
I, ?
w
I, ?
w
([> > -.) Y8 U
[?3->
8]H
[?3->
8
/-0H
14~
([> > -.) Y8 U

[?3-.
f3-> ]8 :(W
166
ALZINC :

;8r s D'& SA @NC/$ 3B:(9IV) 12 34
m@ M )-a ]8
m@ M )-a ]8 ?
! > M(-
;y ?
m@ M )-a
H> Gd ?
[> H>
(H ;y ?
?
w I,
?+A
I, ?
w
7'DH
I, ?
w
/-0H
I, ?
w
(A.H
e
M I m@} 7I
m@ M ]8 :(W
167
M I m@} 7I
ALZINC :

33 SA @NC/$ 3B: (10IV) 12 34
> > W ]8
! > M(-
U (A.H 14~ w U
(H I, ?
(A.H w
(H I, ?
14~ w
! > M(-
! > M(-
?+A /-0H \wH w U

U e
U[?3-> 8]H 7'DH w U
(H I, ?
\wH w
/-0H
(H I, ?
?+A w
e
[> >
[> >
h]y
h]y
[> >
[> >
h]8
h]8
h]y
h]y
[S
[S
> W ]8 :(W
168
(H I, ?
7'DH w
[> >
(H I, ?
8]H w
[?3->
h]8
h]y
ALZINC :

: ALZINC !3 2III
: 12III
:[8' 4. ?I+ *eb $S S ALZINC ASV @H
:?=JG 112III
fg a 8 ( (
*eb L4
Q ALZINC ASV i8
hH' -H aH 1 42
! -iH (* YI+H . aHb 842 )/S
: H i-W B,
42 78C (=( ]8W ? I w+ ) Hb )? ?
> > 02 . PG 7A* s8
' 8: (* > ]H' (23
: H !+82W s8
780 D6 r+H &m@ M 3 82H ?3-.
w+ hS U
P
LVAW 7 0 hS U
(DT) 42 78C ( ' U
-2I+ U
02 + U
. 8i2HA )+3 hH' 7 02 ke . U
Q h+ rD )? LVA Q Hb ]8 C (H !@8C S
: H !+82W 4H D H (I b Z, Q Pa+ OD6
780 ( U
7 0 U
(m@} M I &[> > &[?3-. ) H U
02 + U
& *eb !fab U
keb 8423 .+W U
.( *eb f-H f(@ ') D H )( U
169
ALZINC :

hH' { * 0 A3 YI+H 7@S . Hb w %+HA s8
*eb hH
> > W) !w (* Q 6D 780H' (I 6(a+ > 5 ke

? YI+ * 5 .02 2 @C 7A* (m@ M I w ?3->
. 8 " \H ; o0I W 78C ( hH' -*e > =(
o 42
:<2* 212III
(
8 4} s8
42 6@H
3 ASVW 5 )/@. ?I+ H9
- > "# & aHb 842 !I+ (
8 4} H 3 *eb !e(
)+ !+82W s8
f3 '+S 4
m 0n hH' D . 8> Y > G. @A
@I ++' 'D ! > [S(- )G 7a Q >3 ,W H !eiA 5
%(a (3 ?I+ ( +>' * /". [, 8 ! -iH a* %(
-Ha* ) . 5 > r , D +* A* 5 +> { *
8 ( m@H, Cy ?I+ K ?I+ 4 , D6 & D
3 @' * a 5 7@AH' !+ 123 ( P
H' 5 \2
i- B, hH [6 Hb )f 5 7@AHHS > FI r 5 YI+HHS
YI+H (
hH *eb 5 m, 4>' - 3 Z *eb
.-I+ @I r 5 \2 8 ( m@ [-, Cy ?I+
: !3 22III

J, H 3 8H L4
('H aHb ! -iH !(2W =H3
; o0I Y > 82 ( Y > 4y $ % [6 ('H )w@W Y >
Y > ASVW 4 ! -iH 02 4. &6/q !+' . 842HAW +W 7a Q
/q H3g Y' Hb )A Y > 4y $ )w@W /q Y >H [6 %
...42
\8C2 Hb L4
+a )0;
:D ,8 !3 122III
+0 }+ > & *eb ?I+ Y > )w@W Y > 4y
:H L( Le 2009U2006 )H8 Y >H OD6
170
ALZINC :

tA$ _NPu D ,8 !3$ *k :(7IV) 12 _`
2009
2008
2007
2006
!+A
() Y >H
2629018.15
1385986.155
158053.11
97050.28
Y >
*eb
7089695.29
4008343.87
20012464.54
11955229.09
Y >
?I+
9718713.44
5394330.025
20170517.65
12052279.37
)w@W Y >H
)? (W B?g+ s8

4H
3 @ 0 (
:(W
S( )H, Le *eb Y > 5 4HAW L( }+'
U2008 $S 5 5 !(3 2007U2006 $S 5 (a F. { *
S Q 2006 S } >y3 F2 ?I+ Y > J, 3W3 2009
.)w@W Y >H G. @A "# [6 (23 c3 !(3 2007
:H @ "4H Le L(i8 } )fI f0
>
20092006 D $A '=# <2* !3 *k :(11IV) 12 34
25000000
3456 7 8)

20000000
15000000
! 7 8)
10000000
345& ; )8%
(!+
5000000
0
2006
2007
2008
2009

@ 0 (
:(W
/g %( H' ( *eb + ?I+ ) )w@W Y >H +0H @ "4H
Y > hi* G. (.V' +6 4- 3 rC 7S E-, &- 8
?I+ Y >
"# 2009 S 5 /; >y3 6/g -K' $ *eb3 ?I+
.)w@W Y >H v %9
171
ALZINC :

20092006 D $A ?=JG <2* !3 8:(12IV) 12 34
9%
345& 7 8>)
! 7 8)
91%
@ 0 (
:(W
:D ,8 Mv !3 222III
-84]H $ Y >H pA~ (42S 8 )w@W /q Y >H pA* a
: H !+82W3 2HS3 8H L4
3 = 8 YI+H fa ASVW
keb L4
'DW (
U
=+' 365 [6 '+S 42 =' (
U
'+S 42 =' (
X 'DW L42 (
= L42 (
7A* 42 =' (
U
'+S H 8>
L42 (
7A* 42 =' (
= (*+ =+ 8> U
:S( )H !+82W OD6 4 I }+' +W L(

tA$ _NPu ?* i*A D ,8 Mv A3$ :(8IV) 12 _`
2009
2008
2007
2006
!+A
@
365
365
365
365
'+S 42 =' (
47815
45260
49275
50005
(
7A* 42 =' (
L4
8141880545
() H 8> 8>H
162821.3288
() (*+ =+ 8>
3805184074 4835460546 7059700284

79581.388
106837.396
143271.442
@ 0 (
:(W
172
ALZINC :

: H 2W B @0 Le )w@W /q Y >H s8
L+~ > P 8

'+A !I+H hi* X (*+ =+ 8> = )w@W /q Y >H
:H L( P]}+' +6
A D ,8 Mv A3$ *k :(9IV) 12 _`
:)(*+
2009
2008
!+A
2006
2007
@
62
59
82.9
163.7
='3 !I+H (
79581.388
106837.396
143271.442
162821.3288
YI+H =+' 8>
4934046.1 6303406.364 11877202.54 26653851.52 )w@W /q Y >H
@ 0 (
:(W
2007U2006 $S 5 )w@W /q Y > PH,
rD L( }+'
@ "4H P]}+' +6 &2009 S 5 '+HA Q H (23 F
:+W
( )
D ,8 Mv !3 *k :(13IV) 12 34

30000000
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
2006
2007
2008
2009

@ 0 (
:(W
: !3 wbG D ,8 Mv D ,8 !3 8 Am 322III
)w@W Y > . /g %( s8
2H > +W L( Le
. vb Y >H s8
)w@W /q
173
ALZINC :

D ,8 Mv D ,8 !3 *k :(10IV) 12 _`
20092006 D $A !3 wbG /- + 8
:)(*+
2009
2008
2007
!+A
2006
@
9718713.44
5394330.025 20170517.65 12052279.37
(1) )w@W Y >H
4934046.1
6303406.364 11877202.54 26653851.52
(2) )w@W /q Y >H
14652759.54 11697736.39 32047720.19 38706130.89
(3) Y > v
66.33
46.11
62.94
31.14
Q )w@W Y >H @A

%3/1 Y >H v
33.67
53.89
37.06
68.86
s8
)w@W /q Y >H @A
%3/2 Y >H v
@ 0 (
:(W
. @A &ASVW -84]H $ Y > hi* L( >2'
4- )(* . /g 5 pD3D E6 _*e &Y >H v Q )w@W /q )w@W
Y > )w@W /q Y > Z+ 2008 2006 $S 5 ( { *
)w@W Y >H +0H @ "4H }+ > .2009 2007 $S 5 >2 )w@W
:H +] s8
Y > v +0 D. 8H L4
)w@W /q
D ,8 Mv D ,8 !3 *k :(14IV) 12 34
20092006 D $A !3 wb\
( )
50000000
40000000
30000000
;7 8)
20000000
10000000
? ;7 8)

7 8) 0$
0
2006
2007
2008
2009

@ 0 (
:(W
174
ALZINC :

: ALZINC _NP& ;kx 3III
L0
hi* 2 @C 7A* ASVW - 8
]H > $ ! 02W s8
f3
AW p+8S 3 [>@y 8]H =(HS J, & aHb ! -iH c2H $
(* H3 4I (I .ASVW3 L4
m 0n 5 7A [4> p+8S GH2' ~
[?3-> L+ +6 '+S P hH $ ?I+ L4
m 0H3 =+ * ! -iH h6
8 [?3-> 8]H8 8 24 'D;
LVAW (w@ Q H L+ )=+W
.o48 8> I0 % 41 8-HA' +6
:=+W [?3-> L+]48 ?I+ 3 }+' H L(
iy* @< 3 _*z J {- :(11IV) 12 _`
|4/
:-
p
U
( )
1
|4/
-
|4/
c s8
P2} =+W [?3-> L+ L
iA o yH c+~ \3 F' ) B8q

F' %+HA
f+ 78
?3-> 7wW 0; L+ > Y K
HSe@ 3
B-C
[?3-> L+ Aq
[?W [?3-> L'b &F' /9
1.75
o W3 2HS3 : Q c+~ F' '+9

p+80W %+HAW Q P + i F' %+HA @I
W ' hH'
[ (2 f 5 P2} oC >
PKw &P2}+ D. 4I =(HS3 oC A

)w [ F' =(HS3
L-F-J
1.25 PA +6 F' %+HA B]H W ;y )
175
ALZINC :

B 8*W 5 P8 iA R rD
D
H
0.25 '} . P (@HS W B]H @IW

1
/AW (w o P> Q D oC )
J
K
F'8 g . oC +* Y K
L-F-J
L+ Y K fa !3A E6 . @I

[?3->
M-I
P8 ;y P> Q L+ )
?3-> ]8 (W ! 02W s8

4H
3 @ 0 (
:(W
: 0y 4H $ CPM >@w hS3 =+S L( ! 02 Ie0
.+W >y 5 }+ +6 4. [?3-> E 3
iy* @< 3 } z J( _NPu 38, :(15IV) 12 34
A-1
H-1
B-1
B'-0
C-1
D-2
K-1
G-1
L-1
E-1
I-1.25
F-1.75
J-0.25
M-2
M'-0
N-1
J'-0
@ 0 (
:(W
('(9 '- '(@8 )HW )>@W !I pA* >@y hS > 4'
!3A* 8 > +-A8 .>@y 5 a~ 0y o v y' rD ~ AW
.+W L( 5 a~ /q 0y ? !I ~ AW
176
ALZINC :

A$L /-Tu ? :(12IV) 12 _`
iy* @< 3 _*z J {-~
k4u
]<
' ^ P

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
>[$ :-
"
"
38 :-
"
"
:-T
|4/
k4u
-
|4/
( )
1
1
1
2
1
1.75
1
1
1.25
0.25
1
1
2
1
A
0
1
0
A
B
1
2
1
A
C
1
2
1
B-C
D
2
4
2
D
E
5.25
5
4
E
F
6.25 6.75 5
D
G
4
5
4
G
H
5
6
5
L-F-J
I
8.75 9.25 8
D
J
7.75 4.25 4
H
K
6
7
6
K
L
7
8
7
L-F-J
M
8
10
8
M-I
N
10
11
10
@ 0 (
:(W
1? ! 0y h' rD AW +6 ~ AW L( Le H'
D )( / Q rV' 0y OD6 (* 5 / r r Q rA' |
0
0
0
0
1.25
1.25
0
0
0.75
3.75
0
0
0
0
1
2
2
4
6.25
8
5
6
10
8
7
8
10
11
-a -iH aH c -a aHb 842 02 H 3 >. L4

=(HS3 L4
m 0H 8423 = Le P' Q s2A +6 %
.CPM ~ AW p+8S
A-B-C-D-G-H-K-L-M-N :+6 . +83 ~ AW G' +W >y
177
ALZINC :

F ^ AP t*- _NPu 38, :(16IV) 12 34
A-1
H-1
B-1
B'-0
C-1
K-1
G-1
L-1
E-1
D-2
M-2
I-1.25
F-1.75
J-0.25
M'-0
N-1
J'-0
@ 0 (
:(W
F ^ _*0 o? :(13IV) 12 _`
( ) l/$ :-T
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
12
' ^ k4u
A
B
C
D
G
H
K
L
M
N
+4
@ 0 (
:(W
r
S 12 Q rA' +6 &a~ 0y D +4 +6 ~ AW L+C
( 4 3 &
S 12 [6 =+W [?3-> E]48 ?I+ L4
D H )( sI
15 !
S 4 Z3 r I 15
S 16 )( 5 oI+ 5 D F. )/ OD6
. I
178
ALZINC :

('(9 ># ? !I a~ /q 0y ,2 (@
L4
D 5 .~ '* 'D48 ,+ H 3 0y OD6 D / >
(
+ ,+ Q )HW )>@W ,2 (
A' 4. .f-H s8
/gH
.h-}H2' rD YI+W o 7SH' -'(* \3 aH 5 'DW (
A
: k2 Kj M 4III

5 h>]H L4
D 5 ; 3 7SW FI+ 5 ; o0I ,+H
J, P 8
&Hb Y > 1 n aHb 842 /S A* H 3 ! YI+H !I
7SW FI+ 5 @SW 4> 3 )/ OD6 ,+H )(6a s2A ALZINC ASV
o0I W A~ / AH Le &: 6/HS hH' ; o0I hK2
. H B g+H 5 482 Z0 @ ;
:\ SS '( s8
; o0I a H* 0; 5 ASVW (4H2
o0I 2 ASVW !a H* 7 iHA' rD (W +6 :@A>
> W f3-> !w %+HA s8
hH' - P , &0 A@ @ .H ! ;
hAH $ ; o0I 123 o hH' ' keb )?( \23H m@ M I
&fa OD6 o $ H I0@ 3 2HS o a+ +>H -H@ . +-S -HCA@3
s8
oW i2' $ o0 123 V % C !ASV o 5 "4H' 0 -
3+80W H !+48 30 /q )/ OD6 +> * /". 5 P &-2
. -.eH6
S +a 83 4H
W ; o0I ASVW ! a* hK2 [0;' rD (W +6 :@'(
{ * ; o0I W W 4 o, +6 &
a+ +> ! +
t3 (W ASVW L M v %16.34 L2' r h HS 8 17 p' Q
.2009 S 5 h HS 8 104
; o03 ASVW '+4H3 =+ $ @a !ASVW 123 +W L( }+'
."> !ASVW . 0; > & +>W fa
179
ALZINC :

X'u k2 E*- ]# :(14IV) 12 _`
'$G O$A O $ G
X'u k #80
A8
E*
[?3-.
A,
ABB AUTOMATION
m@ M I + [?3-.
A,
FUJI-ELECTRIC
m@ M I + [?3-.
A,
FAEP
m@ M I
A,
SODICOP
[> >
A,
ALSTOM
[> >
> i83
ENSIVAL MORET
[> >
A,
PRICA
[> >
W
METALLUK
[> >
A,
SIDEM
[?3-.
A,
LURGI BISCHOFF
'+4H )iH )? :(W

]8 %( )/@. 3 sK rD ASVW 5 [A ? W ; o0I d GH2'
d Hb 84
5 ( $ +W d 7A* (H 3 O(23 ' 'H
)48 d s8
r+H9 ASVW &7>W !8HA d 'I+ !8HA
s8
P;' hH' (3 >w 5) (2
)@
)W +. =H H
hH' { * 2'S 3 Hb ]8 C P.e-HS ASV48 P + (
c
4 , & 2 @0 +2 3 gH )W +. Q )' )W3 -w . '+4H
&-84.3 C+ Z+A [0; ASVW +. Hb (23 )w@ P2 3 hH , [?- +HW
.o @ fy ]8 h6/ A 5 h>]H ([?- +HW & )W ) e.
B*+8 Y8Hd !. o0 Y 40.000 +* ; o0I d +>H'
f3 - !a H* hi* ('(9 hH' &L(@HS ! 84
5 ' fa
:s8
180
ALZINC :

! -iH + + > (: F9 fa o0 4. hi* U1
-.eH6 mS+H MS s8
- . L(2 U2
.ASVW d 5 ),+HW *HW 4> U3
-@8a hH' o0 OD6 hK2 S -8I 8'+C !H 'H S S ASVW (42
e !C H* o} ASVW s8
hH &f[03 +6 hH' :
.CW3 ,+ 8 S +. 4- ( o0 d
L@ e hH' +82 >@w W ]8 )? Y8Hd m3
! 84
5 ' fa ; o0I Y8HW W 2}
!+82W
% -a -a D6 keb L4
/S -A a &L(@HS
SH !a H* ('(9 S keb )? Y8Hd s8
\4? >#
d B,+ %( (.H g '2 = 8 W / A ]8 Q fw !@8C >w 5
.- . '+ 7A* ! @80 7 ('(]H fy !@8C
181
ALZINC :

J=>
8 [?3-> 8]H )(*+3 pI
2H 3 ( W S( F] (
o , Y +6 5 H 5 ', " 3
Q @W H9 $ !; 3
s8
,2 &LME 248 ( +@3 iA (Spcial High Grade ou SHG)
s8
6/g %( aHb 842 c2H $ !e02H Y8Hd ASVW3 [aHb =K
OD6 =4H6 %( K* ASVW3 P , rD { " {]@W Le &Hb
+2' )w@W Y > a hK2 [0; - > { * ?I+ 3 )/
\3 pH s8
~ a ?i !I+H rH ASVW [2S Q 5 7@A
P@@A rD +8H hi* ( % -a -a D6 oI+HW [ ~ Hb
Q 4HA I 5 !(3 $ )w@W /q Y >H S Le &!I+H OD6
&ASVW 5 i HS j+. !(. 2009 S 5 (* Q F8
F]} $ 4> 7 S =(HS3 4
m 0H (' Q H9 L
o +-, ; o0I d / A
. aHb ! -iH YI+ 8 5 (I
h KH 3 ; o0I d 4H' &780 )
0 ('(9 5 '/AW )G Q Q a( 3
.B g+H H 5 "'(~ 7 S ; o0I on 7 H
182

!" #$ %$ &'
4 1- +,- 526$ / ,78 9: ;< =1 > ? 0123 () * +,- ./
O58 PQ R(@ A!3 BC DE7F G 8 HIJ K$ 51 22/ LM/ N'
ST !"- 7E LC UVW/ ? 5B 1 XY$ G 8 Z' $ [0 LMA
.C72\ M"]\ ^ ) B =X=_ 5B 1 ` a5X
c $ GB VVW X d51 a 1 &/ :e fJ/ () / &g_ hg_ !" &'
U] 4' 90, aX ? 1 EIW3 i7-j LkM K$ l@ &/ :e 7,2 7,[22 p1 q !" i7-/ Z' m \$/ 526 P,Q1 ? n o=E
Us/ ? +,- LYQ1 !" ,$ A!3 !" 4B r X=T !"
y/ n7h K .uv l!3 w! x1 ? ;,1 4 $ WJ ftQ - " i= DC=A
9Mj +,- Bz ,7 $={ / - " Lg !" B Z' ,. 74
w=- M6X E 4kM/ +,- CM] () * n~X K$ &/ K$ =.g :e ; } | 75
9Mj ( Z' a4(k) 9Mj $I [C= [C47, !" B / O,$ I$
XC=1 [CM E"X &/ :e !" ( a,5 CJ\ &/ 7. } A!3 ( S
[C4$ C$ e LC" , [d~ [C K$ -7 o=E' 4 $ =H
ck G 8 &M i8 ? n. / Pm ! +,- :,~ nA/ K$ O,$ [.,2
, 5$ E [AE 4B n7 C d~ , O,$ M=-' LA
.9Mj [\=$ B P) 9M/ C" lI 11 Hy' w=- :e
:,X E A!3 [] w=q2 iI~2 =_1 !", n-( C= &'
n"( 2 = }n]/ (,Q1 t./ LM` H7-/ ( 1 X=E 7,- :2/ l4!
] LM(2 +"]g !" !/ ( 1 n451 ? 7Q :2j K$ -7
!" J _$ dsg1 dm8 $I C~ ] B1 &/ w, K$ } XM"]
9_ J #1' :e ; nAg1 &M LM=z 4C1 ( 1 526 -
.C~ ] &Y [X5$ aQV 7, :2j #1' 2C=$
- 183 -

iYX \ ? F 1526$ !" ] +,- K$ != 2C= Q$
? ,kH [C LX5r H
75X f5 Z' iW, Ld. F_/ 1 &/ 4,= ,1 > h/ \' ALZINC 526$ !" 4,8 ? yj K$ aB .> =4X
l8 iY1 \ ? ( 7 E! K$ / d5 a E! K$ 92 , f5
aQV !" i7-/ ( 1 X=T :2j #1' E! K$ / KXQ1 :XC=1 Z'
: 526 !" i7-/ d51 k K$ -7 +,- (] = }C~ ] &Y
w ? !" i7-j Gs ,7 w7\ w=-
] PQ1 ,$ = PQ1 O Y7 &M $- (" aX !" PQ1 = 1
C~
IW3 !" i7-/ Sv :2T LY4A/ c$ K$ LM(2\ w=-
!" i7-/ @ 7, :2j w=q2 w=-
!" +,- ]C MA w=-
dB1 E! K$ \ :XC= KXQ E! K$ \ ( 7 w7\ w=-
a4$4$ 9Mj 7kI
n$ :!A K$ w7\ LMX Z' M6X !" ,7 YBE w! MA w=-
v n K$ n, X S !" i7-/ BQ w
.C~ ] &Y aQV 7, :2j w=q2 w=-
[M_C3 K$ -7 526 k] EIW3 !" i7-j nmB/ d5
: Jj :e ?
W{ X 5 { G,1 :e ( n45 } k] !" { wC" G
=A1 ? _C nQ
F{ w=q2\ M(1 = v n~1 (. O1 i7, $CW [7,1 A1
H
2j Z' LC_3 $ }i7 F K$ i-j q1 +,- L=-5$ Gks M=-'
Gks * n- nQ ,7z
- 184 -

[\IJ\ IW' = - n751 &/ KQ ? [\| Gks :11 P "1
]= $v nJ= F PW
OE KQ U] #2/ nJ= nA/ K$ 526 nJM 2 i"1\ nk2 dB1
$ n,J / n- o=E
4XM( 2j _ $ }U ? EIW3 i7-j K- ,"($ XC 1 M=-'
.I 5$
+,- :e ? [E]\ [W K$ -7 = w ! *!.< $ 9 +,-
LMA O58 hg_ K$ ? () *H C-\ LM-' nA/ K$ 4 1 4-1' F [526
:;< d 9Mj O58 PQ R(@ [0
H7-/ 4 !" LCM3 ,$Q [EI" 9-'
!" LY0 i7-j n. Gs1
!" [,7 [012\ { +,- LCM XCM3 CMQ ng1
74 (,q [526 O M [t{ K$ LM(2I ak= G5 +,- n7
i
i X=T [ C . !" LCM' f5$ K$ B
=E GX( . $M n7 :e LCM3 MB nQ !" l8
+1gX !" [,7 W{ LB 2T c$ K$ LM(2\ LC
... !" c$ +q+[X+C~ ] n$ $ 1$ ,$Q$ c$ w=q2
G,X r 526 f5$ +,- q fJ/ LB O !" n. X1 LC
iIJ K$ LB [C4 X1 p( 9Mj O5V ;< :2j X MC
.$ f5 / 526 f5$ +,- LB [t{ K$ LM(2\ +,- Y.
1526$ f5$ +,- C-\ O [W ck * J61 &/ x7! dJj
+,- _ sj H &Q2 ? !" () K$ LA =j G V1 &/ nA/ K$ F
.i ,WT [C .$ +,- n7 $ } A!3 4!/ d2
- 185 -

:(1I)
53.................................................. !" #$%:(1II)
91........... +,- ./ 01 +,- & '( )* :(2II)
12...........................................
2+. 3456+ 789: ; < 6=>( ?@ A 9+B :(1IV)
153 .........................................................................................................CD
154.................. ALZINC 1E & F3/ <)%, :(2IV)
155.........................................ALZINC 1E G H:(3IV)
09+ OH PI *DJ K1H LC D1/ M <. N. :(4IV)
159........................................................................................... 20092006
09+ H & 08( 8, QR+ 88S T G :(5IV)
162.......................................................................................... 2009 2006
<)UE K1H 0$ N 6. TLV:(6IV)

171....................... W+ 6.X 0YD MB :(7IV)
172........... W+ 6.X H F+ 0YD !" 9+B :(8IV)
173......................................... + 0YD !" 9+B :(9IV)
[A Z/, PI D1 0YD !" 0YD MB :(10IV)
174.............................................................. 20092006 09+ MB
175.................................. F\8 $(ZB ] ? ^,( :(11IV)
177.....F\8 $(ZB ] ? ^,_ 9+ /,VX <(1H :(12IV)
178.............................................. GS 1 J `1H :(13IV)
< RZ+ a R&X b T cN, d*( :(14IV)
180.................................................................................................... &
165..............................

:(1I)
18............................................... !" #$ %& :(2I)
26.......................................................................'()* + :(3I)
10.................................................................
,-* + :(4I)

27.................................................... !" + .!/0 '12:(5I)
28...................................................................... !" ! :(6I)
31...............345 671 $8 671 345 $8 !" ! 9::(7I)
31.......................... != !> !;%< !" ! 9::(8I)
37......................................... !" 3 - ?@A5 B! !C :(9I)
38................................... !" 3 - ?@A0% B! !C :(10I)
39................................................... !" 3 - D+"5 !C :(11I)
40...................................... !" D B& 8E FGH (IAJ :(12I)
41.................................................... !" .0&0 !K:(13I)
43...................................... !" +!L B& 3M 80* NO :(14I)
52.................................................................. !" .:!: :(1II)
55........................................................ !/!/" !" ; A0:(2II)
59..................................................... P ; QR; !" S:(3II)
60..................................................(& &!7T QR; !" S:(4II)
62........................................................ !> !" F!7( H> G:(5II)
69............................................. !&5 U) 3@A5 !" ; A0:(6II)
71..........................Y!" $M B* V AE W &$5 .XO :(7II)
72.....................Y!" $M Z B* V AE W &$5 .XO :(8II)
78...................................................... != I--A5 ! R0:(9II)
85.....................................................-H\ ] [ HK2 :(10II)
27.................................................................(&

88.....................................JIT
F!7( A<& -75 %& :(11II)

106....................................................................... P ($ :(1III)
116..................... 0H^ #R_ ! X ! #$ ` 5 :(2III)
118............................................................X < :(3III)
126....................................................b+5 0H^ aR0 !!M:(4III)
135...........................................................GANTT c(d :(5III)
QR; f@ c>%J f@ g0 2009 R ALZINC .&!70 QR:(1IV)
147...................................................................................................... h
150........................................................ R:i5 B! !C :(2IV)
157....................................ALZINC j"0 D MIAT:(3IV)
160............. k7:2 g0 Q7: )R N; 7R: (4IV)
3A+ k7:2 g0 Q7: )R NO ( :(5IV)
160...............................................................................20092006
f@ c>%J f@ g0 j5$ M!MO N; ( M0: (6IV)
163....................................................................................20092006 3A+
3A+ f@ c>%J f@ j5 M!MO (:(7IV)
164...........................................................................................20092006
166................................. !>$Ah !" /"5 B! !C :(8IV)
167...........................c7b l!M 3@h2 /"5 B! !C :(9IV)
168.............................. !!!5 !" /"5 B! !C : (10IV)
171......20092006 3A+ !%& !> !" ! ( :(11IV)
172.....20092006 3A+ !;%< !> !" ! 7R:(12IV)
173........................................3A175 Z !" ! ( :(13IV)
!" ! m=n 3A175 Z 3A175 !" ! ( :(14IV)
174....................................................................................20092006 3A+

>$Ah 9A\ !"$ <^ 'B)* 71 :(15IV)
178...............................AO R5 h!) Yp0 'B)* 71 :(16IV)
176.................oM5

:

1
:

!
"

. 1
2006 #&/#$

!
#3 "/$!0
+1!
22" #'( )* +,
-$
' 2
1997 #$
!
AB "";<= "0
> "9: 3?@"/9: 45 67, /8. 3
2004 C& " -D
EF
" 8H I-J "K248 "$!0
"G
!7
D
; +2G. 4
2004"!72
7R8
O-
P7J Q8. /8N
+2L #KM . 5
2008 "F
" -D
#&
!

"5 8 "S
"VW!
/$!0
+1!
/$ 45 !G.-$ TU$. 6
1974 QF "F

" 8G S]
"-78
Z!
; [-\. XK Y7
-$. 7
2006 "9
" -D
EF
" 8H $-D= # "K24= > "G LD
0L@ J
UU ^ 8
1993BH
2004/2003 "!72 " 8H
"7
H 7-
2. 9
2007" 8H
8_ $!0
> `Z
Z!
5. 10
1993 3b
" 8G ""G 8 = a1"H /$ Q'. 11
2000 d2 " 8G I7
"!72 S8 " "c!
[N\. 12
1975 QF " 8H
" " XK, e$. 13

2000"!72 " 8H
" "-L8 fDg" 7-
2. 14

""$!0
$ = > /G d !
"L
/$. !: . 15
1990"!72 " 8G " 8H
l !8 R ""G "i7
jbk "8' > = hb
""D$ eS . 16
1993 "!72 m =
"8
H " Y 7J o!. -
n -$ : -$ 17
2006 #$ s
"W82 Wb-DR > "9: !b
("Lq=)"
=
2008 #&/#$ AB "
" 8 + !8. 18

!
s
"K248 "
C cF
A'=" +t -$ +t. 19
2004 C& " -D
#&
"F
"$!0
" O-
TD
-$ M B5 . /9: 45 67, /8. 20
C& " -D
#& !
AB ""FE
"$!0
+1!
8 "b8 cu a1 >
2002
#$
!
yi\ ""8$ v-8 w2 fDx
" +!M #9$. 21
2001 "9
" -D

"9
" -D
#$ !
@; "0L@ fDx
" z -$ +2G Ab$. 22
1999
#&
!
"
"0L@ D
fDx
"

F. 23
2008 C& " -D

"& " 8H
!
"
" D
fDx
" -$ Q!8 24
2008 C& " -D

AB "/0x
-
-= " , jiJ V
c3 -$ 25
2003 "9
9
" -D
#& /#$
!
!
QK= "
{| > "8b8" -$ #2. "D
. 26
2009 C& " -D
#&/#$

"!72 " 8H I-J "K248 " e; >
{|" !: 27
1981

"/7
A~
v-8"iK
A$}
. 7F F ^ $. 28
2009"F
" -D
#&/#$
" -D

2 = " 8G " > /7
A~
" m ^ +3F. 29
1995C&
" 8G " 8H
"/S A'8
-
+3F eNG. 30
2002 "!72
2006 C& " -D
#$ 3!= "
{|" a
jiJ.. 31
"!72 " 8H
" e; > "7
o
2&" /8 j5R . 32
1998
"!72 " 8H
" > "7
o
2& ax2" 7-
2. 33
1997
AB ""F2, 8F 8'
{|" "LF a .oB +3F . 34
1999 C& " -D
#$ !
" 8G : / 8H o7= "/7

A~
o
2" 28 A-. 35
2006 "!72

!
= "
{| b
"G]" #'( F 36
2007
" 8H
"b
g A'8
" /8 j5R . 37
1996 "!72

!
"5b9
" > "7
& 3?@"X<G 3 /$. 38
2008 C& " -D
#&/#$
!
s
""1!= L +$ > "$!
"7
o
2&" AVi
48. 39
2008 C& " -D
#&/#$

!
AB "
{| > "8b8" /$8 5 jJ #^ A' /~5 40
2004 " F
" -D
#&/#$

"9
" -D
#&/#$ 3!= "-L8 fDg" K: F 41
2004
AB "/S 1!8 X8 Xx
y
= " 8 + !8 2= 42
2004 "9
" -D
#&/#$
:

"1!= !8 "
@ $ "FL
fDx
+1" IZ A05 aKF . 1
2005 3b
" "!
"F

X
"$!0
"!
"F
"1!= /$G@ 0L@ y

s!0
2
12: 2004
""F
e
> Z!8 #-
& 08 > "0
A
"
S]8 ""$!0
"K24= > GN
T
7R $ "0
QqlR"6FNER cE
-$3
2003/2002 "!RF " 8G QKG8
S]8 ""$!\ "K248 A' 6L
> a1 $L y2" "-3 /,4
20052004 #KR " 8G QKG8
"7
o
2&F "0
$ JR /ZbD!L W18 82. 5
www.Kantakji.com/figh/files/manage/Maintenance.pdf
""8
"G "0
" j\ +1
-$
'.a 6
www.arab-eng.org/vb/login.php
"/=

#R "8
"Z!= "0
"8
H " <G N8.a 7
www.sss quality.com/userfiles/milad.pdf
"Pu o2:F "0

8F ax2 C e~
" 6!$
'/a 8
www.maintsmart.com/Arabikc/MaintsmartArabic.pdf
2002 ""0
$ " /

-$ .9
http://faculty.ksn.edu.sa/documents.ppt

:
2
1- Franois Monchy Maintenance mthode et organisation , Dunod, Paris,
2000
2- Franois Monchy la fonction Maintenance ; Formation la gestion de la
maintenance industrielle , Masson, Paris, 1996
3- Groupe de rflexion et dorientation en maintenance Russir sa
maintenance , dition Mare Nostrum1996
4- G.Javel Organisation et gestion de la production , Dunod, Paris, 3me
dition, 2004
5- H.Bernard Entretient et maintenance , dition EYHOLIOS, Paris, 1974
6- L.Robert Pratique de gestion de la production , les ditions dOrganisation,
Paris, 2me dition, 1985
7- Smail Benissaad Maintenance industrielle TEC 336 , publication de
luniversit Mentouri Coustantine 2004-2005
8- Luc Boyer, Michel Poire, Elie Salin Prcis dorganisation et gestion de la
production , Paris, Les ditions dorganisation, 1986
9- Bernardie Mont Morillon, Jean Pierre Pitol-Belin Organisation et gestion de
lentreprise , Paris, dition Litec, 1995
10- Henri Fayol Administration industrielle et gnrale , ditions ENAG,
Alger, 1990
11- J.-M.Bleux , J.-L.Fanchon Maintenance, systmes automatiss de
production ,Nathan,France,2006
12- K.Smit et W.H.Slatures Gestion de linformation pour le management de
la maintenance, Le modle MIMM , AFNOR, Paris, 1993
13- Jean-Marie Auberville Maintenance industrielle, de lentretien de base
loptimisation de la sret , Ellipses, Paris, 2004
14- Jean Hng Pratique de la maintenance prventive , Dunod, Paris, 2002
15- Daniel Richert, Marc Gabriel, Denis Malon, Gaetan 16Blaison Maintenance base sur la fiabilit , Masson, Paris, 1996
16- R.Keith Mobley La maintenance prdictive , Masson, Paris, 1992
17- Claude Pellegrin Fondements de la dcision de maintenance ,
Economica, Paris, 1997
18- G.Bosser, J.M.Guillard Maintenance des systmes de production , Les
ditions Foucher, Paris, 1990
19- P.Lyonnet La maintenance, Mathmatique et mthodes , TECHNIQUE et
DOCUMENTATION LAVOISIER, Paris, 1992
20- Florence Gillet, Goinard Laurent Maimi Toute la fonction production ,
Dunod, Paris, 2007
21- Kumio Shirose Le guide TPM de lunit de travail , Dunod, Paris, 1994
22- Michel Nakhla Lessentiel du management industriel , Dunod, Paris,
2006
23- Franois Blondel Gestion industrielle , Dunod, Paris, 2000

24- Francis Lambersend Organisation et gnie de production , Ellipses, Paris,
1999
25- Bernardie Mont Morillon, Jean Pierre Pitol-Belin Organisation et gestion
de lentreprise , dition Litec, Paris, 1995
26- Raymond-Alain Thitart Le management , ditions Dahlab, Alger, 7me
dition, 1995
27- Faure.R et autres Prcis de recherche oprationnelle , Dunod, Paris, 5me
dition, 2000
28- Phelizone T.F Mthodes et modles de la recherche oprationnelle ,
Economica, Paris, 1998
29- Malika Babes Statistiques, Files dattente et simulation , Office des
publications universitaire, Alger, 1995
30- Alain Martel Techniques et applications de la recherche oprationnelle ,
Gatan Morin et Associs Lte, Canada, 2me dition 1979
31- Carton. D Processus alatoire utilises en recherche oprationnelle ,
Masson, Paris, 1995
32- Shanon.R System simulation , The art and science, Prentice-Hall-New
Jersey 1995
33- Patrick Esquirol, Pierre Lopez Lordonnancement , dition Economica,
Paris 1999
34- Franis Boucly Le management de la maintenance, volution et mutation,
AFNOR, Paris, 2me dition, 1998
35- CHAIB Rachid La maintenance industrielle , Editions universit
Mentouri de Constantine, 2004

:01

CONSOMMATION MATIERES ET FOURNITURES
DESIGNATION
U.M
MINERAI
ENERGIE
AUTRES
TOTAL
2006
QTE
72741
KWH 163063402
-
2007
COUT
UNIT
VAL
(MDA)
2.07
338
225
98 265.26 7 148
7 711
QTE
2008
COUT
UNIT
VAL
(MDA)
157085398
2.07
326
265
63 610
100763.98 6410
7 001
QTE
2009
COUT
UNIT
VAL
(MDA)
165751300
2.04
337
281
66055
57301.85 3785
4 403
QTE
COUT
UNIT
VAL
(MDA)
158092100
2.04
322
250
70 190
46562.99 3268
3840

:02

VENTES PHYSIQUES PAR DESTINATION 2009
ZINC ET ALLIAGES
VENTES PHYSIQUES PAR DESTINATION 2009

ZINC ET ALLIAGES
GLENCORE SUISSE CACH
MAGHREB
6668
19%
MARCHE NATIONAL
7242
20%
EUROPE CASH
978
3%
GLENCORE SUISSE CACH

1947
5%
GLENCORE SUISSE TAF

EUROPE CASH
MARCHE NATIONAL
MAGHREB
GLENCORE SUISSE TAF

19107
53%

Planning de la maintenance prventif - GRILLAGE- ACIDE :03
2008
Annes
quipements

Mois
2009
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Ventilateur principal K102

Ventilateur intermdiaire M30
Echangeur a froid E102 A
Echangeur a froid E102 B
Echangeur a chaud E103
Echangeur rchauffeur E105
Pompe de circulation dacide 96
Pompe de circulation dacide 98
VENTILATEUR DE DMARRAGE
BROYEUR A BOULET 1 ,6X1 ,5 M
CONTRLE chaque 03 mois
CONTRLE chaque 09 mois
CONTROLE chaque anne
INSPECTION chaque
anne

:04

Planning de la maintenance prventif -utilits-
Annes
Equipements
2008
Mois
2009
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Mcanisme de raclage pour dcanteur

neutralisation
Compresseur GA250N01
Compresseur GA250 N02
CONTROLE chaque anne
Entretenir chaque 4000heures de service
:
$% # !"

4$5 !%0 " () *"+ ,- ./ , !%0 123 &'
.BC"2
2 ?@ A
19: ; <= >8"2 6) ./ 78 )
22 ?@ 1! ) ! <= A
'!E F' G+ HI8 $% JKL A
.!' 2
Q2 R
A
2OP ALZINC (N .) JKL A
2 ./ J!'M
.: O * T F " U J'= 8S2 B* A
QK.2 #() 4$5 ./ ,2
YM Z
[ \$2 ./ J!'M ?@ ]M A
CPM V; ) WXM L !Q
..: X! ^ A_
%2 " 19` a2 O * 4$% bQ" A
` cX"
.! <= #?6 #./ :

Rsum:
Les nouvelles technologies ont permis lapparition des quipements dots

dune haute technologie. De ce fait, limportance de leur maintenance simpose
comme fonction stratgique au sein dune entreprise soucieuse du bon
fonctionnement des quipements.
Notre travail consiste exposer les diffrentes mthodes quantitatives dans
la planification des travaux de maintenance, ce qui nous a permis de connatre la
ralit de la fonction de maintenance dans lentreprise ALZINC.
Vu le nombre et la nature des pannes que subissent les quipements de la
productivit, nous avons choisi la mthode du chemin critique CPM pour planifier
les travaux de maintenance. Cette mthode nous montre son importance dans la
diminution du temps darrt des quipements du aux pannes et par consquent
augmenter leur disponibilit pour amliorer la productivit.
Mots cls : maintenance, planification, mthode quantitatives.
Abstract:
The rapid technological progress, nowadays, has contributed to the

development of sophisticated equipment. This fact has urged to wide range of
importance given to maintenance as strategic component in the enterprise. Thus
enterprises feel necessity of adopting planned maintenance policy to be achieved
according to agreed stands. In this research, we tend to expose a set of quantitative
methods adopted in maintenance task scheduling and functioning in the company
of ALZINC Ghazaouet. We have applied a critical path method CPM for
maintenance planning work. Research has shown the importance of such process
in reducing downtime of equipment, the fact that contributes to productive process
performance.
Keywords: maintenance, planning, quantitative methods.

Mghaber Fatima Zohra - Mag PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mghaber Fatima Zohra - Mag PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats



     

1 . 2( .0 *+,- . /

  !"  #$

   ..

  !"  #$

&'( !)" ..

!+  )   .

     

! "# II

-  ./ 012 

- 012 

& '   ()# III

 ./0   1  :, -  

0U  N 4  N) 

0U  N 4 

4)/ 5(   1   II

^[ _ 9 ? '`J 11II

_ 9 ? : Q   21II

_ 9 ? #$%& 31II

b < & > 1 I

bE& f g I 2I

bE& f g IB 1 12I

I .)4 E:; K &\ 122I

bE& f g   32I

? T  $ B#?   123I

 $ E? o:p 423I

 5  < II

_#U 1)   132II

4>' DE@ 8AB =>? III

] ; wVx ' K\ f g   1III

1EC & ALZINC FGH  : A  :4&  

7 J< /K L () II

YQ" D& I;

7   M III

.4 |8$9  

      : 

 ' Y $ N6 q/- r o,7 I p9  :S5 )5% ) *i o,

      : 

:  !" # "$#   1I

Franois Monchy Maintenance mthode et organisation , Dunod, Paris, 2000, P : 04

03: )*7 q* 0  ) *i B *, "* Z3& Gg  0.^ 4

      : 

Groupe de rflexion et dorientation en maintenance Russir sa maintenance , dition Mare Nostrum1996

Franois Monchy la fonction Maintenance op.cit, p:15

      : 

)*0 *3 )* 

1<  f%3  

@ 0/ ' B K*GZ, )*,*u  ) k, )g4 w d9 s"  )`*/ N ) *i z

03: + 0 )*7 q* 0  ) *i B *, "* Z3& Gg  0 .^ 1

      : 

 7 $ g ) *i, g- ]R ' fg

16 : 2004 d' )5 ^ "u  ,

      : 

q*  ' qi

,` $ "?06 ' q*   )% B /,

) *i B *,  )% B /,

")D ) *i :U ^9 > )V-" B N 6 "V-" ^ =4 j7\  U.^:U"i

      : 

: 7 !" # "$# 21I

      : 

.@ 7 )* 9 :^ -E z

.@ 7 _*/' )*\  :^ -Ez

1 . 2( .0 *+,- . /

!" #$

..

!" #$

&'( !)" ..

!+ ) .

! "# II

- ./ 012

- 012

& ' ()# III

./0 1 :, -

0U N 4 N)

0U N 4

4)/ 5( 1 II

^[ _ 9 ? '`J 11II

_ 9 ? :Q 21II

_ 9 ? #$%& 31II

b< & > 1 I

bE& f g I 2I

bE& f g IB 1 12I

I.)4 E:; K&\ 122I

bE& f g 32I

? T $ B#? 123I

$ E? o:p 423I

5 < II

_#U 1) 132II

4>' DE@ 8AB =>? III

] ; wVx 'K\ f g 1III

1EC & ALZINC FGH : A :4&

7 J< /K L () II

YQ" D& I;

7 M III

.4 |8$9

:

' Y $N6 q/- r o,7 Ip9 :S5 )5% )*i o,

:

: !" # "$# 1I

03: )7 q0 )i B, "* Z3& Gg 0.^ 4

:

:

)03 )*

1< f%3

@0/ ' B KGZ, ),*u ) k, )g4w d9 s" )`/ N )i z

03: +0 )7 q0 )i B, "* Z3& Gg 0 .^ 1

:

7 $g )*i, g- ]R ' fg

16 : 2004 d' )5 ^ "u ,

:

q* ' qi

,` $ "?06 ' q* )% B/,

)i B, )% B/,

")D )*i :U ^9 > )V-" BN6 "V-" ^ =4 j7\ U.^:U"i

:

: 7 !" # "$# 21I

:

.@7 )*9 :^-E z

.@7 _/' )\ :^-Ez

)@&/ )i -/ > U 06 z

:

G% B6J / RN . K ^" ^" /7 N':)*%5 B6J z(

:

:

: S a 3I

:

u , :KN k35 B KGZ ( U5 :.`7

:

u fg "3' )3 B U/ .1

:

:

7 > (())3 ),V ' < @% )5 )`,

:

:

:

:

:Z9o P= -3 _ &# 21II

:

)&/ )i o7

.z<z 6" zbz)J .& /N

:

: