APPLIED MATHEMATICS Paper —A NOTE: Attempt two questions from each section. SECTIONS (4/12: 17,17,17,17) Basic concepts of differential equations. Classifcation and formation of DEs. Various methods of solutions of fst order ODE (linear and non-linear). The Bemoull’s, Ricatti and Clairaut's equations. Singular solutions. Orthegonal trajectories. Application of first order ODE in problems of decay and growth, population dynamics, logistic equations. Linear DE of higher order (homogeneous and non-homogeneous). Solution by: D-operator and undetermined co- officients Methods. Reduction of order and variation of parameters methods for 2™ order linear DE. Cauchy-Euler equation. Power series solution about an arbitrary point. SECTIONAI (4/1 6,16,16,16) Laplace Transformation, solution of ODEs. Error analysis. Solution of nominear (algebraic and transcendental) equation in one variable using bisection method, false position method, Newton - Raphson method and fixed point method. Convergence and order of convergence of Newton- Raphson method. Difference operators. Interpolation (Newton's and Lagrange's methods). Numerical differentiation (at a point of the data). Numerical integration (ectangular, trapezoidal and 1/3 Simpson's rules). ‘SECTIONAN (4/12: 17,17,17,17) Linear programming. Mathematical model. Graphical solution of two dimensional LP models. Simplex method. Event ‘and Sample Space. Axioms of probability. Conditional probability. Independence. Random variable of discrete and continuous type. Construction of probability distribution. Expectation. Variance and standard deviation. Binomial distribution. Recommended Books: 1. Theory of Differential Equations of Dennis Gill. Books Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center, USA. 2 Mathematical Techniques by KH, Dar, famul-Haq and MA, Jajja: The Carvan Books Hause. Kachehry Road, Lahore, Mathematics Methods by S.M. Yousaf. limi Kitab Khana. Urdu Bazar, Lahore. Numerical Analysis by R.L. Burden and J.D. Faires. PES-Kent Publishing Company. Bostan. USA Operations Research by H.A. Taha. Prentice-hall Inc. Englewood. Cliffs USA.(1996) Mathematical Statistics. By Dr. J.E Freund, Prentice-hal Inc. Englewood. Cifs USA Vector and Tensor Methods, by Chorton, Elis Horwood Publishers Elementary Vector Analysis. By Dr. Munawar Hussain. S.M, Hafeez. M.A. Saeed and Ch. Bashir Ahmed. The Caravan Book House, Kachhry Road , Lahore. {A Text Book by Dynamics by Chorlton, Van Nostrand Company Ltd. London. 0. Mechanics by Q.K. Ghor. West Pakistan Publishing Company, Lahore. APPLIED MATHEMATICS Paper -B NOTE: Attempt two questions from each section. SECTIONA (4/12: 17,17,17,17) Vectors in threedimensions. Scalar and vector products with applications. Scalar and vector triple products. Differentiation and integration of vector functions. Gradient, civergence and curl. Tensor analysis, Differential ‘operators. Application to vector analysis. Composition and resolution of co-planar forces. Moments, couples and conditions of equilibrium under the action of coplanar forces. SECTION4I (4/42: 16,16,16,16)Frictional forces. Laws of friction. Equiibrium of bodies on rough surfaces. Principle of vitual work and related problems. Center of gravity. Center of mass of various bodies. Kinematics of a patice in cartesian and polar co- ordinates. Laws of mechanics. Linear and angular velocity. Relative velocity. Rectlinear motion with uniform and vatiable acceleration, Simple harmonie mation SECTIONAIM (4/12: 17,17,17,17) Prdjectile metion, Mation along herizontal and vertical circles. Orbital motion. Panetary motion and Keplar's laws. Conservative forces. Damped nd forced brations. Co-crdinates in three dimension. Rectangutar, cylindrical and spherical co-ordnates. Equations of plane, straight line, sphere, cylinder, cone, elipsoid, hyperboicid and parebolois Longitude and latitudes. Spherical viangle and direction of Gibla. Recommended Books:- 1. Theary-of Differential Equations of Dennis G.Zil Books Thomson Leeming Academic Resource Center USA, Mathematical Techniques by KH. Dar, Irfan-ubHag and MA. Jaja. The Carvan Books House, Kachehry Road, Lahore Mathematics Methods by S.M. Yousat.tlmi Kitab Khana, Urdu Bazar. Lahore Numerical Analysis by R.L. Burden and J.D. Faires PES-Kent Pubishing Company. Bosian, USA Operations Research by HA. Taha. Prentcehal inc. Englewood. Cliffs USA.(1996) Mathematical Statisics. By Or. E.Freund, Frentice-hail Inc. Englewood. Cts USA, Vector and Tensor Methods, by Charlton, Elis Horwood Publishers. Elementary Vector Analysis By Dr. Munawar Hussain. SM Hafeer MA Saeed and Ch. Bashir Ahmed. ‘The Caravan Book House. Kachhry Road, Lahore. ‘A Text Book by Dynamies by Chorlton, Van Nostrand Company Ltd. London So. Megunies by hon West Patcan Pustsung Company” canoe evemae wv