2XMBOJMH CTAHOJYMA @ JLYBOMMP NOMOBUR TPAMATHKA CPIICKOTA JESUKA YUBEHUK 3A I, U, Il w IV PASPET CPEDISE IIKOJIE OPYTO, PEPABEHO V3/lAbE 3ABON 3A YUBEHMKE (3) (75) 3AB0r M HACTABHA CPEJICTBA (23) (fit) 3A BSABAE YUBEHMKA BEOrPA, HOBH CAI 1992PEY YHAIPEL Paben 1989. no nacrabuom nporpamy npeamera Cpfickoxpeaiticxu jeaux wu Kyaillypa uspaxasara, H caja AOMyIseH NO HOBOM Fporpaxy (CuyaGenn 1iacuux Cpouje — Tipo- cuerm raacink, 5, 16, VIII 1990, erp. 7—8 u XL — 3, 31. V 1991., exp. 1—5), onaj yuGeuNk mopao je GurM nica KAO Kpaiixa 2pamailiuka KWWKEBHOT je3HKa, TE M HOCH asus Tpamatiuxa cpicxoia jesuxa Kao mo je yoOu4ajeno, ¥ ona Ipamaitiuxa y yeonuo meny AecpMHMUNe Ha KEBIOKER- i je3uK, HeToR HcTOPHjCKM m caNaIMIbH aCMeKAT, HeTOR OAHOC MpeMa HapeyjaMa (i jHja- aeKTHMa) HaposHor jesHka, cpoj mpeyMer Hu Hayena Npawomuca. TIpH TOME, y OBOMe, jIPY- TOM uaqaIby Ompeher AenODH rpamuBa, Ha OCHOBY 3axTeRA NPOcBeTHIX Oprata KOjs AOHOCE MporpaMe HaCTaBHUX MpeAMeTa, MopanH cy ce CKPaTHTH, OH. caKETH AOK cy ce ApyrH Mopanut yonynuTH, na cy Tpehe # ¥eTBpTO norsanme Yeoga (1. 18—S2) AoGHNM HORE BHA Y noraanny Ponetiuxa ca ocnosana bononoiuje u moppoubonoaotuje nar je onuc Inacosnoi cHcteMa KHWKeBHOT jesHKa, C HETORMM OHTHUM OTHKAMA, KAO H MOHAMAIe wlaopa Tor cucteMa y oGmunAMa H TBOPGK peu. TpH TOMe, y OcHOBaMa GPOHOMIOUIKOT onuca momo ce on y HayHH Aare KoUCTaTamje Aa je Beh cam Eaucoanu cuctHien Tora jesuKa, caoeuna obeaenen, sanpano — weroR dhononowxu cuciiem, jep je pesynrat Bykowe ,pa~ BILIHO WaRETeHe akanuse rMacoBHOr cHcTeMa Hauer jesnKxa“ (IL. Huh, IToiosop ByKoBoM Cpitexon pjewnuxy us 1818. y pororanckom uszatey HIpocnere — Beorpan, 1966, erp. 64) aro urro ce, apyrHM PeqUMa, FMACOBHM CHCTEM HaLICT KHbIDKEBHOT je3HKa YrnaBHOM TloKuana ca POHONOMKHM cHCTeMOM, GHI0 je MoryhHO ja ce wsOCTaBH, 3a cpoHONOFHiy wHaNle HEOUXOAAH, ONC ONX APTHKYNaKMOHO-aKYCTHKMX OCOGUHA rHacoBa Koje cy Ges excntepumesrrannoqpouetcKe saGoparopuje TeMKo pasyMibuBe (rpaBHCHOCT: HerpaBucHocr, nucpyaHioct: KoMnaxtHocr rtacosa wrp.). Tako cy y Halo (POHETHITH ca OcHOBaMa ¢boHOO- Tuje onucavle one GuTHE rmacoBHe OCOGuHE KOje Cy aKO YOURUBE H OGHYHHM OMaKAHeM, na ce yueumum Hehe onepehusari 3axTeROM ja HarlameT (caMO M3 TeKCTa YUGeHUKA) y4e ova quCTHHKTHBHa OGenexja TMacoBa Koja ce Mory 3alicra cxBaTHTH camo y 3aGoparopHj PonercKo-PononounKn wwHMONH THACOBHOT CHCTEMA KOjM cy OGNHIKH H TBOPGEHO BaXxHH onucann cy y nény Mopdorbonoaoiuja, Koju je yser Kao mpuposna Besa usMeby oGnacrn «Pononoruje # Mopdonoraje ca TBOpGOM peu. Y norapny Mopdoaoiuja u teopGa pew oOAMIKH n TROPGEHH cHCTeMH OnHCAHM cy MeTOsOM yoOHuajeHOM y rpamarukama yonurre. O6paciie npoMena H TBOpGe Tpe6a cxBa- THTH KAO cxeMe Y KOjHMa ce BYE TpAMaTHYKe OCHOBE M TpaMaTHIKM HacTaBi, O;HOCHO ‘TOpGeHe OcHOBE H TROPGeHU acuKeH, a He Kao rpaby Kojy TpeGa yuna. i Mopcborornjy 4 TROpSY ONaKINANH CMO H3OCTABIbaIBEM Mperneja AKUCHATA NO BPCTaMa PeuH H THTOBEMA ‘TBop6e (c THM HT eMo OCHOBHa MpaBWwa akNeHTORATbA am y DoneTiuyu). TaMo rae je Guo HajnorpeSunje, HapoqMaIH CMO y OBMM TlOTNaBuMA CPoHETCKe NPOMeHe Koje ce To|aB- seyiy ¥ MpoMenn OGnHKa Hy TBOPGH PeuM, a KOje ce, HHaYe, cucremcKu onMeyiy y Mopdvo- (ouonornju. O pewu Kao jenmumn uMeHoparsa roBopH ce y nomanny JTexcuxonoluja Y Cuniiaxcu rpanuno je o6pabeno Tako Aa ce YOUH cHHTAKCHYKH CUCiHe.M, WTO kao PYHKYUWOHAAKU CUCTeM Ha CcHOBY Kora ce PeYeHHUe bopMupajy He caMo KAO TpaMaTWike HeTO M KAO KOMYHKATHBHE jeqMHMMe. 3aTo ce TexMNO a cBe jenMHANe w KoHcrpykuuje Gyqy OnMcaHe cucTeMaTcKM, AOCHeAHO M HHCTerpanHo, fla ce MOKaxy Bese HcamuocTi Meby e0BHMa cHHTaKCHNKOr CHCTEMA H jl@ Ce, Makap YKPaTKO, OOPAe H NOjaBe Beaane 3a peannaanujy cuNTaKcHuKHK jenMEMta Y KOMYHMKaNujM (aHtopMarHEHa aktyani- salluja, KOMyHUKaTHBHA Koxe3Hja). Ip TOM je Guo HeM3GeRHO Ta ce ONCTYNM ON TPANit- nuoHamuor pacnopera cuiTakcHuKor rpazHBa, Aa ce TepMUHOMOTHja HOKerAe MpeLHsHpa, ocappeMcHH u ONYHM H Ma ce yBeny AujarpaMM H TaGeNe, KojM Cy HeOMXoRHO cpeneTBO cBake CHCTeMaTcKe CHHTaKcH4Ke aHanH3e. AyTOpH cy ce jIpxXan Havena Ta He TpeGa MewaTH olluc jesuxa ca yuerwen jeauKa Peu je, HaHMe, 0 TpaMaTHIM MaTe per je3HKa, Nakne — je3HKa KojM yueHHIH 3H a- jy. 3avo cy mpe cnera nonasM1K Of MHEHKUE Ra ce ca pasymesaren ofiuca yuanpebyje yeennkoa criocobHocr 3a axaausy jesn4Ke rpabe Matepiber jesHka, Hapapno, ue Tpeba saGopapuTH, ca WHAAKTHYKE Crpane, jla je Ta cnocoGuoct HeoMXoAHMA H 3a yoaspiuasare caoia W 3a yuerwe gpylux jeauxa. Vero je waveno my OcHoBH ynyhupara wuranana na ce y yeeuy mpapina mucawa cnyxe [pasotucom u3 1960. ronune (M HeroBHM cram IKON- ‘cKHM v37aiDUMa), BaXChHM y jaBHO] yMOTpeGH, Kao H AKTYeNHHM NpaBoNMcHMM NpupysHH- uma, TpeGa nanoMenyra fla ce HeKH AeNOBM HacTaBHOr MporpaMa — 360r wuxOBe MPApoAe — y 080} rpamarmpr m1 canpxe Kao HajonurTuje necbmmnje y yBoNHOM meny, WAH cy octapmenn 3a OOpany HacraBHoj npaxcu. [IpyrHM peyuMa, MporpaMcKu cagpxkajit KAO WTO cy pasnoiipasnoctll jeauxa, jeauixa Monepanyuja v cnuaan UMTLAIMTHO ce cANpe y yuoe~ amy (8 YsoR), anu ce MOry YWHTH CAMO Y WKONCKO| H ApyUuTReHO} Mpaken, C spyre crpane, y yuGeHKy ce HanasM Marepuja Koja YH HHTer panne RemoBe Hanne jesHuKe Marepuje, @ HoRHjuM mpoMeHaMa y HactasHoM nporpamy ce penykyje. TakBa Marepuja y yuGeHuky je wramnaua y yBYYCHHM OLE UMMA, METHTOM. THMe joj je aar paur Hanomene. Taxap je cmysaj ca ofemunMa Yaxascxo napedie (tT. 6), Kajxaecko napexje (7. 7), Tepuitopujaaxo-eapujaniaHo pacaojasaree (1. 46, 47), sume cy ont wajentauenn ca HIBOM JPYTUX, 3a Gombe pasyMenamse rpasMBa TOTPeOHEX, HaTOMeHa Ounnx, HauMe, unje TyMavere 3anazH GwI0 y He TO PHY jesnKa (Lmp. HanOMeHe o mana- ‘Tammanujama, r. 106; joronauma, 7. 110—112; npesojy BoKana, 7 121; HemtoctojaHom a, 7 123; npoMexu a y 0, 7. 126; 0 aBojmnm, T. 168 H Ap.), Gu y MatepHiy Kojy OGpabyje npaponwe (amp. 7 97, 201) c numem ga ce Gore cxBare HeKH Of cucTeMa ¥ caBpeMe- HOM jesHKY, OTIHcAHIH y OBO), TO OCHOBHO| KOHMENHAjH — LecK PHM THB HO] rpaMari rut Hajsan, naxo ce To noxpasymena, rpe6a ucrahu ga yuGeHuK nucaH Kao rpamaTHKa HMKaKO He stauH noTpe6y na ce W3 mera yue coe wumenuye, JesHuKa rpaba, Koja WHHH ‘ummenuife, 3anpano je waycrpauuja onuXx jeau4xux Zpasuad Koja cy HanoxKeHa y YBony, ¥ @onerunn (ca owororjom u Mopdoroutontorujom), Mopipororsju, Teop6u pen, JleKcn- xonoriju H CunTaxct. Ako je y HeKHM caysajeBHMa HMa BHule, TO je caMO 3aTO HA ce yaenuky mpy:ku Behn us6op epahe nomohy Koje he pazymerH wanoxeHo mpasito. H, wapap- Ho, MpHMeHMTH TO MPaBILIO ¥ CBOjoj aKamuaH HORE jesHIKe rpabe, ONKOCHO y cBojo} jesHs- Koj mpaxcu Takobe, Takar yu6enmk omoryhyje 1 HacTaBHHKOB cnoGogaH oAHOC MpeMa Tporpanckom capskajy H paspeny OH he #3 yuGeHMKa Mohit a y3Me OHO mlTO earpa Aa je KoMe YUeHMKY NOTPeOHO 4 Ja Ha Taj HAHN OCTBapH jeNHO OW sHaYajHAjMX Haven HacTa- ne — HH]MBURYAMUsANHly, UpHMepeHOCT MHHOCTH YYCHHKA, Tipxehu ce Hacrastor nporpaMa, ayTopis ce, HapaBHo, HHCY MOriLA Onpebwt W HajHy2«- hujer HOHaBTara, na H H3BecHOr BMMIKa MucbopManuja. CmarpaMo, ynpano, a OM OTAK- imapajy Y4eHUKY youasawe KajeaKHujel, a ne Obaseayjy Ta a CBE H3 YYCCHHKA OGaBEsHO Wana AyTopH, Ha onOM MecTy, Hap@kaBajy cROjy 3axBANHOCT CBHM peuCHIcHTIMa jep cy HoUXOBe NpHMeGe 3HaTHO HOGOmMane TeKcT yyOeHHKa. OxM cy, HCTO TAKO, 3aXBavHH 1 conM chojuM KOmIeTaMa — HacTaBHMAKMa OROT MPERMeTA y epemHo} WIKONH 3a cBe cyrecTHje koje cy HM jlam, nocte Mposepe y HacTapHoj MpaKcH, KOjy Bak YUGCHHK, MPHpoRHO, Mpa mary. AYTOPHTPAMATHKA CPIICKOLPA JESMKA 1. YBO 1. [pamartuxka je wayxa Koja onucyje crpykrypy jesuxa, ytephyjyhn werone FiacoBHe, OGnMUKE, TBOPGeHe H peseHHHe OcobNHe. TpaMaTHKa ce O60 nent Ha boueTHKY (ca hOHOTOTUjOM), Tj. Ha Hayky O rmacoBMMa, Ha Mopomorm jy — nayky 0 o6auuma pew, a TBOPGY pean — HayKy © HACTAHKY HOBHX péiH H Ha CHHTaKCY — HayKy o pevenumu. Kao taxea, rpamaruka je npe cpera onMcHa (seckpuntusia) Hayka. Oca Tora, rpaMatuKka jeu CKyN Mpasuma o jesMuKum jequuunama (0 racopMMa, 0 O6THUAMA, 0 PeHHMa, © PeYeHHUAMa H HLHXOBUM JleT0BHMA), Ma HAC YUH H NpasuauOcTA jesuKa. 2, Jesuk je cucrem suaxosa KojM je (roBopHo um mvcao) cpeac1Bo OnuTewa, cnopasymenarmsa Mehy syauma. JesHKoM Yonex caomustaea cBoje MUCH H Ocehata ApYTHM syMMMA. A TO 3HayH a je jesMK APY MT BeHA no- japa, aa je weros noctanax se3ax 3a moctaHak H pa3soj syzcKora apymiT Kao Hajcaspurenuje cpencro chopasyMesawa OH je Besait 3a MuICaO, na cy MHL wee, CoecT i jeaHK y cranHom jeauucrsy. Ca YoaBpulapamem MucIH, yeaspiiasa ce u jeaHK H, NpHponHo, ca ycappurapaibem jesHka pasBija ce m MHLUEbe. Kao cpejeTso omurrersa, jesnk spun KOMYHUKATHBHY dynKunjy (ox nat. communicatio — caonmrasarse, Onurresse). Tipu Tome, nouiTo je jesHK cHicTeM 3HaKoBa KOjM MpeHocH 3a vem a (MuCMU, Ocehatba, NopyKe) Meby sym Ma, merona jpyuiTeena ynkusija je M Ca3Hajua, KOTHMTHBHA (on nar cognitio — casnarse) HIM 3Ha Ye CK HApaxajHa, eKcmpecuBHa (on nat. expressia — wapas). A HOuITO ce jesHKOM Hpenoce HCKYCTBA H sHalba HS jee revepaitnje y apyry, jesHk WMa aK Yy MY aT BHY cynKunjy (on nar. accumu- latio — waromunasame), rj. npHOupa u uypa y ceOH TpagMuMoHaqHe KysTypHe H uBHaNgalNjcKe BpeRHOCTH 3ajemHMUe Koja THM jesHKOM roBopH. Ose Tpu byHKunje cy OcHoBHe Kajla je pet o GuNo Kojem mpupogtiom jesnky Kao opyby ommTera y jenni} sajenuumut 3. Oapehewy jesuuky 3ajeauuuy \Mue cpm ou wyaM Kojn y caojoj cect H y cBoMe Topopy (y jesH'uKOM crlopasyMeBarsy) HMajy 3ajenHHuKe cae mesone jeaHor jesH4Kor cHcTema (cacrapa), 1j. cBH ZY:M KOjH Y CBoMe ToBOPy HMajy MCTH THACOBHH, PeHHMSKH (JeKCHYKH), OOMIKH H CHHTAKCHIKH cHeTeM. Byayhit Ja CY JbY AM M YbHXORA APYUITBA HacTajanH Ha MHOrMM MecTHMa 3emme, ipHpoaHo je WTO cy, Y TaBHHM BpeMeHAMa, HacTajann pasaMYKTH MpBOGHTHH jesmuA (npa- je3Hux) # wuxose rpyne. Mehy Moora pa3nH4nTHM jeanunma, jeany rpyny YHA cy MHAOeBPONMCKA jesHuH, nopomHuA jesHKa Koja je y MameM pasBuTKy aana cionencke, epMaticke, poMaticke, MHore uiimnjcKe H apyre jeaHKe. CrronencKn je- SHUM HMajy MHOTe 3ajemHH4Ke OCOGHHE Koje H AaHac MOKASyjy 2a cy cBa cAOBeHCKA MemeHia ¥ mpeuctopajckoj enocu 2xMBena y 3ajenMUUK, KaKO HayKa MuCIM, H3Meby peka Onpe a JlaGe wa sanany n pexe Bore Ha uctoKy. Cnosertexa jesnuka sajen- uHua y KacHMjem pasBuTKy pacriana ce Ha TpH cxynMue: jyAHY, 3anayy H HeTOUNy la CMO TaKO TOGHAM TPH CnoBeHcKe jesHuKe rpyne, Jy KHOCMTOBEHCKY je- 3U4KY FPYMY HH: CaoscHaUKU, cplickoxpeailicku, MaKegoncKU M OylapeKu Jeank, Kao H HeKaRaUNbM cluapoctoaencku jek: 3aNaMHOCTOBERCKY je- 3M4KY Tpyny ¥HHe: wo.bcKU c KaUWyucKUM (KM CloBureCKUM), KeWKU, CAosauKU AYCUUROCPUCKU JOUR; UCTOMHOCAOBEHCKY jeIH4KY rpyny saHe: pycku. Geaopycku i yKpajuncKu je3uK.1. JWKHOCAOBEHCKH JESU 4. Tpe Hero urto cy ce aocentan Ha Bankan, ont Caosenit Koja he y ucro- puja OutH nosHarH nox HasKBoM Jyxun CaoBeHH ‘KHBCAH cy y 3ajennMUH,onBO- jewn oa apyre ave rpyne Caopewa (Janaanux u crowns), a vnuna oy jeany jeauuxy sajequnuy koja je ocrasitaa anaHux 3ajeaHHuKiX Tparosa y ri1acosHOM, OGmHKOM H cHIETAKCHYKSM cHcTemy. V ToKy WeTOpHjcKor pasBuTKa y KDYTY jyx- Hocnopelicke sajeannue (bopwmpana ce 3allaana jesnyKa sajeaMuua, n3 Koje cy Ce pasBILIM croseHaUK H cplickoxpeatlickU jezuK, H METONHA jesmKa 3a- jenna, 43 Koje cy ce pasBMan maxegoncku, 6yiapcKu M HeKanaLiKen cizapocaoeeH- cau jesux, Y3 way3eTaK ctapocmoBencKor, Kojit je 6HO NpBH KHIWKEBHM jesHK CBNX CAOBCHCKUX Hapolla, 3aCHOBaH Ha jeAHOM jy2HOCAOBeHCKOM (MaKeZOHCKOM) mHja- alexry y oKoaMM Cosyna, a KojK je npectao 64TH -KHBH jesNK, HasemenH jesMun cy jesuum cnopencknx Hapona Koj xHBe Ha Bankany 2. CPIICKOXPBATCKH JE3HK 5. ¥ jyakHocnoperickum 3eMubaMa, cpncKOXpBaTCKUM je3HKOM, KOjH, 3ABKICHO. OW cpemnne, UMa BHAOBe H HasKRe: cprickH je3MK H XpBATeKH jesMK, HapomHIM 1 KisipkepHHM (=cranjapaHMM) MaHac ce rosopH y CpOnju, XpsarcKoj, Bocw u Xepuerosunn uy Upxoj Popa. Hapogsu cpnckoxpsarcku je3uk yume Tp Rapes ja: mrOKaBCKO, YakaBcKO HW KajKaRcKo. Hapeuja cy Haan Be NOOHTA NO ynuTHO} saMeHMUM 3a cTRapH, Koja y HajBehem peny cpncKo- xpBarcKor jesHKa rilacH wide, ay Apyra Ba 3HaTHO Mata ena — au Kaj. Opa pagiuka je mpio crapa Octane ce paanwue je3uuke upte nojanmyjy Kacnnic, Hocteneno, 1 TO Hajanuse y cperIbeM ReKy, y BpeMe nocTojaiba ceynaTHHK Apa ba, wnje cy rpaHye Zonpunocuiie Tome. C upyre crpauie, KacHUjM BeNMKH MOKpeTH craHosHMmTsa, jou ox Kpaja XIV Beka, RoBOAMTH cy JO UMperba WTOKaBCKOr Hapeyja Ha payyH YakaBcKOr H KajKaBCKOr, aH H 0 Metatba je3H4KEX Upra cpa Tpit Hapeyja Mehy pasnuxama koje cy Gine sHavajue 3a noneny Ha Hapeyja (H HbHX Ha AH Janexte) Hapownro ce HcrHYy pasnuKe y neknnHaunjn (npoMeHH HMeHCKHX peyu), Y AkUeHTY H, NoceGHO, pasnnke y H3roBOpy crapora raca ,,jar”, KojMt je uO Ha~ caefjen W3 MpacnopexcKor jeanka. Harosop crapora raaca ,,jat” (Koja ce y hupnaunn o6eneKaBao c10BoM 6, a y aaTHHMUM cnoBOM 8) oMoryhxo je, TOKOM HcTopHjckor paspoja, y capeme- HMM CPIICKOXpBaTCKHM TOBOpHMa 3aMeHy (I) FaCOM e: st4eKo, meciio, (2) Ta- coBnHM rpynama uje u je: saujexo, ajectio u (3) THACOM wu: MauKo, muciZo. A) YAKABCKO HAPEWE 6 Maxascko napesje cana ce rosopn y cpeatsoj H HetosHoj Herp, y Xpraxckow npi- Mopiy # name Ha Koni 20 Kaprosua, a na jyry x0 neHio, Orosua. Barn, ronopH ce Wa Keapuepexins octpsiMa, Ha 2anwarnnckiM octpaunsa Jo Slactora 1 Kopuyine ¥ ta namMar i= exo} oGanit oko Sapa, y Aeny UiMGenuxa, y Tpornpy, y oxomim Crminta 1 Ha samanwom Reay noayoctpsa Temeniua. Hactanum wa seMmuiliTy MpBe XPRATCKE CPEABOREKORNE APA Be, WaKaBCKO Hapevie je TOKOM HerOpHje OGyxnarano OGnacr no pea Yue u LletiHe, ma MoiKsta Ht HeUITO HCTOUHH|e On rox Ha cesepy je saxnarano oSauerH no Kye uw Cane, npera- ehit n cenepinje ox Kyne, Ovo je naperje nezona xpaatckor HapORA KOH AKNIBC Y HEKUM oGnacrua Ayerpuje n Mabapexe Tipu nucasit cromenmi wa waxanckom norH4y H3 XII BeKa (HctiiapeKu paseog, Bu- nogoacku ciuaiuyid), aon XV wexa Ha YaKancKoM ce pageiia Gorara KHanKeBnocr (Mapy- wh, Xexropopith, JTyumh, Sopasuh) Baxunje ocodmHe — Topex samemme “a, noce6He oco6ine onorn wapeyja siune: axucnarckH cHcTeM On TPH aKneNTa (Ana cHnaIMa: pana, pdega, w jenHOr, noceGHor yanaziie npupoxe — wakascKor akyta: clipdwa), warowop cyrnacumKa } Kao jy npuMepmsa kao: meja (y wir0K, weba), wiyju (y WITOK, Miyhu); WyBarke crape rpyne up-" pH (y UITOK. 6‘upn), waropop cytaacsuKa } Mecto m: jygu (34 WOK. ygu); YyRaIbe cyraacnnaKe rpynte wh geopuuhe (y ITOX. geopuuive); wyBare conaITa 2 Ha Xpajy Cora: Heilea, pekaa (3a uTOK Weueo, pexdo), apenas MeKamaUieHX caMOTNACHHIKHX p HY HCKHM TOBOPUMA y cHlOrOBe ap u ep: Gapett, Gepa (y wroK upcu, Opa); “ypaibe CTapHX NAexHUX OGMETKA MHloxHe; 2eH, cen (y TOK! Xena, Cena), NOMMHATHD MUOXUHE JENHOCKOAHUX uMeHNIA M. P. Ges “OBB: uit, Kparou (y ITOK, cutowu, Kpareeti) ‘Twnusnn YakaBcKK ToBOpH uyBajy ce Ha KBapHepcKMM OcrpBUMa, y XpBaTcKOM pH Mopiy Vicrpit, 40K ce neh aaaMarMHCkHt 4aKasCkH TOBOP Meula ca uTOKaRcKIM, To HsTOROPY crapora raaca jar (2) vaxaBcKo ce wapeuje emi Ha je Ka BCK H TORO: gjeua (ocTpHO ITacTo- ho), HKARCKH: guya (RanmaruncKa Oana W cevepHije Ka KOMNY), eKacKm: geya {Keepnepera oerpat, Xpa. npnwopje n Herpa) w uKancko-eKaMeKH: guia! geud (Ox ‘ujeke na conep) B) KAJKABCKO HAPEE 7. Kajxaucxo napeuie je y npomsnoctn Gio Muoro BiuNe pacnpoctparteno Hero faiac Ibune ce rosopuino y mpekocancoj Xprarckoj, wameby pexa Kyne u Case ua jyty peKe Hipase ua cesepy. wy sehen xeny Cranoxnje. Janae ce OBli Hapeyjem ronopH y ceneporamtat- ow neny Xppazexe ca FopcKn Korapom, Jakile — y RaparxsuNeKoM, af PeGAHKOM H, 11H Mao, Kpioxenav1Ko-Gjerouapexom Kpajy Ha aanaay gocruske jo rpaunue Xpwarcke M CHO- neunje Ty uaa 3ajeqmox upra ca chokeHasKiM jeakom. Ha jyFy ce kajxancKH UINPH Mpe- xo pexe Kyne, norickyjyhu ToKoM Hcropiie wakancko wapeuje # meutajyhn ce c wi. Ha cenepy ce Xpparcxy Kajkapcknm wapesjem ronopn y Mebuwypiy, @ ceneponctouso — vt y Mabapexoj, ys rpanuny Kajkancko napesie ce tenn oGwano Ha TPH roKopa: NeTONN (GnNsaK uroKasckow), jyrozanagna — npuropexi (GnH3aK YakaneKoM) H ceReposamtazH — saropeKH (Geax cnonenasxow jeanKy) Baxnuje ocoOume — Tloper sameume naj, noce6ne ocobine ovor Hapexja “wie: axucwateKit cicreMt Om TpH akuewTa (spa cHLIAsHa: aida, Gadio, ut jena MOCEOHE NpHPO ne — aKyT: Mien), CaMOrNacHK € yMecTO CTapor MONYINACHHKAa: gen, efaa (yMecTO WITO- KaBeKOr H GaKABCKOT gar, sina), y HeKHM rOBOpHMA cyrnachUUie %, wit] YMecTO A Mtb KO} Gy y mrroxascKom: coca, Meua, seja (y UITOKABCKOM caeha, weba); HOueTHA rpyna ey-yMecTo -Y ¥ mpinteputa Tima: ayyuide, ayauna (y UITOK yuuidien, Yauya), CtapH oOnHK reHMTHRA MuOxine HOMeNMUIa: eH, cei, Jajey, HyBAIRe 0 Ha KpUjY CNOTA: gaa, enaa (apeMa ITOK. Gao, geaao); dytyp c oGnuKxom 6ym, Oyw. + pau tn. mpwnes: 6ym ducan (yMecTo uITOKAB- Cor ja AY Zucaidi); nenocrojaive nunepepexra n aopmicta Y npoumtocti je Kajkancko wapesje Guno 1 xibibKest jesux, ¥ spyroj onommm XVI eka nojanmyjy ce mpsa xiboxcEna jexa nucana THM jeauKows (M. Byawh, H. Tleproutih, A. Bpamen). ¥ XVIT sexy wine muy: J. XaGueah WM. Bedocteten, ta W nMCul KOjM cy pObe- it vaxanun: ©. K, @panwonan w 11, Purep Bireaoauh, Y XX wexy Heka csoja jena micanit y i Ma KajeancKom AT. Maro: w M. Kptexa (Banage Metipuye Kepeuityxa) B) WITOKABCKO HAPEYWE 8. lroKancko Hapeyje say3uma Hajsehm neo cpmckoxpnateke jeamuKe TepuTo- puje. Oxo ce npoctupe y ueroj Cp6njn, Bocun x Xepyerosmnn, Lpxoj Popa 1 y REMMKOM sexy XpBATCKE, HCTOUHO A jYTOUCTONHO OF HEHNX aKABRCKHX Ht KajkaB- ckux Hapesja. Ceseposanagny # cenepay rpaniiuy WITOKaBcKor Hapeyja HHH MHRA on Janpasickor Mopa go JIpaze: Hos Buktoxon — Ory — Kapnosan — Cucax — Bjenonap — Bupoputiua, re ce 080 Hapesje nomupyje ca YakaBcKHM H KajKap- cxnm, Og Te aMinje mTOKaBcKO HapeHje HeMyHaBA CAB MPOCTOp Ka HCTOKY H3Meby jamparicke oGane (ocrapmajyhH YakaBcKOM caMo y3aHH Mlojac Ha feny OGame Of Banpa xo Ommura 4 nonosnne Memenma, Kao # ocrpsa yo Mipera ut [yGposasKor MpHMopja) 1 jypxaBHHx rpaHuua ca MabapcKom, Pymynujom, Byrapckom, rpanmne ca MaKeJOHCKHM je3HKOM Ht pape rpanmme ca AndastjoM. OBHM Hapedjem roBope H cpnicke, OWlH. xppaTcKe HauMoHamHe Marie y Mabapcxoj, Pymynnja 4 Mranuju, TIpema Tome Kojum je riacopuma 3aMerex clap Tac jaT, WTOKaBCKO Ha- peuje ce menu Ha ekapcku, (W)jekaBCKH HM MKABCKHM H3rOBOP, a Npea pasBuTky akWeHTa M OOTHKa — Ha cTapHje mroKkaBcKe quja HeKTe M Miaahe wroKkaBcke AnjaneKte (HOBOMTOKABCKE). 7a) IITOKABCKO HAPEWE EKABCKOT U3FOBOPA Ciapuju witoxascxu gujarexiin 9. (1) Hpuspencro-iiumouxu gujasexaii saysuma mpoctop y Cp6xjx usmehy Mpuspena ua jyry u TuMoxa na cesepy. Mcrouna rpanuna we jyano of 3ajeyapa ApxaBHom rpanuuom ca Byrapckom, jy:kHa rpanamom nsmeby CpOuje u Makcaonn- je, Ka TIpuspeny u Bakosniu a samajua n ceseposanajia — on rpatme ca AnGa- Hujom, ucnog [lewana « Byywtpwa npema Cranahy. Cesepa rpaHiija Haa3u My ce Ha Pry n Taoxy Baxuuje oco6une. — Osaj aujanexat y Hexum cBojHM ropopaMa uypa cTapH MOAyraacHMk Koj Ce y CBM /IPYTHM IHTOKABCKHM JWjaeKTHMa pa3BHO Y @: gon, Hbnox (y KibWKEBHOM jesHky gan, anak). BoKanno 4 je ano y jeqHOM jeny osor syjanenra ay: aayn, gayi, caynye, caysa, NOK je y ApyroM Aeay ocTano 6e3 npomet Lan, gal, canye, casa (y KHWK. dyn, gyi, cynye, cy3a). Y jenHOM neny osor jujanexta hu ce u3ropapajy kao x M 4: Kyya, Mepa (y KRWXEBHOM Ky/ta, eha). Hex rosopn onor aujanexta 4ysajy 4 Ha Kpajy pevH: kazaa (3a Kr. Ka3ao), MOK Ce y HeKHMa OHO 3aMetbyje ca -ja: Ka3aja (y Kb, kasao). TIpomena nanexa je ppao ynpomhena— japrajy ce, yrnaBHoM, Ba najexa: HOMHHATHB M aky3aTHB (gowsa cac cay = nowad ca’ CHAXOM; pa3iosapa o geile = pastoBapa o jeTeTy). Cyrnactua x nema (ciupaoiia 3a KiLWK. cilipaxoilia, CAMO yao, @ He H yx0). OOK nu unutHBa je HecTao, dytyp I ce rpagu ca hy, he, he + mpesenr: he pagu (3a KibWK. OH fe paguiqu). Uma camo jegan akueHat. 10. (2) Kocoscko-pecascku gujasekia je sactynmen y WeHTpanHoM noApysjy Cp6uje, npoctapyhu ce npasyem jyrosanaa—ceseponcrox, 3axBaTa SeMmbuLITe O7, Meroxitje npexo Kocosa n Konaonua, ceseponicrouny Cp6xjy, upenasehn aenx- MuwHo M mpexo JiyHasa y Banat. 3anaqa rpannifa opor aujanexra Hae npema cesepy, sien0 uu3 pexy H6ap, n0 weronor ytoxa y 3anaauy Mopapy. lane ce onaj Aujasexat npoctupe npexo Kparyjesua, wa Payy Kparyjesayxy, Cmenepencky Flananky u Cmesepeso, yxmyxyjyhu ceseponcrowna eo Banara. Baxnuje ocoOwne, — tberos cuctem axueata o6H4H0 MMa_ camo jisa cHma’sna akuena, yr n KpaTKu:: jyHaK, geedjxa, ouiinca (Tan. Henpeneceny crapujy akueHtyauujy yMecTo KrbWKeBHO|esH4Ke, mpeHecene — Howe jYHaK, Geadj- ka, MOiuxa), aM ce y HOBHje BpeMe jaBsha u AyroyanasHH (pyKa, Ladea). CrapH riac jaT JOcMeAHO ce 3aMeHyje BOKaJIOM e, Yak HY OOMHUNMA Magexka: Hole, SEMve, PYKE YMECTO KIbWKEBHO|eIHYKOT: HOsU, seMMmU, PYYU; Hie, tena, goopema YMecTO KibmxK. Wux, MuMa, goOpuma; mygpej, agpasej YMeCTO KW. Mygpuju, sgpasuju; cyriacHHKa Xv HeMa (paxa yMecTo KiBIDK. xpana). Uecto je KoapaTus Ha -wu: HoeUIu, pun (MecTO KIbIKK. Hosuju, upru). ytyp I ce rpamn 10 oGpacuy: he ga pagu unu he tuwe UU. (3) Crasoncku wikoxascxu gujaiexaii ekasckoi ualogopa 3axpata Aco Xpparcke, Ha cenepy Crasonnje, nounmyhn Heuto ucrowHuje om Buposstaue, uae nopen [pare 10 ower Muxosua 1 jyxxinje 10 613y OcujeKa. To je xppatcKn Aujastekat KOjMM roBOpH CraHOBHHUITBO KY jyfoucTo¥HO| CaaBounjn, 3ananHo 1 jyrosananio of Bunkosaua Baxnuje ocoGuHe. — Axuentyaunja je xajcrapujer uToKapckor Tana (ip axuenta: *, “tan, axyt ~): ppuax, edga, gam), Jleknunanuja wma crapux o6- suKa: @0106, 6oa6m (YMECTO KWINK. gosoea, eoaosuua), Hema najatanwsaunje: Pyku (YMeCTO KK. py4u).Maahu wiioxaecku (Hosouiuoxaécru ) 12. (4) Wymagujcxo-sojeohancku gujasexaiu je sactynseen y Hajsehem aeny cepeposanaane Cp6uje, y Cpemy, Iymannji, Hajsehem neny Basxe m Batata (ocum xpajibe ceneposanaanor mena Bake, re ce roBOpH MKABCKH H Kpajiner jyroucTON- Hor mena Bavara, Koji je saxpahen KOcoBcKo-pecapckHM AHjaneKTOM). OBHM it~ janexrom ropope H Cp6a y Mahapcxoj « Pyyniji Baxuuje ocoGune. — Baxnnje ocoGane koje onaj aujanexat onpa- jajy om crapHjMx WITOKaBCKHX aMjanekaTa ekaBcKOr M3rOBOpa cy: YeTBOPoAKUe- Harcku cuctem (udc, dedm; uéh, paguiix; edga, Kaueuidu; pyKa, upeckdxaiuu) y KOjeM JYIH HeaKUCHTOBAHK BOKA/A MOTy ZONA3HTH CAMO MIOCAe AKUeHTOBAHUX caorosa (jpudx, pagiim), u HOBa ReKAMHALIHja, Tj. nPOMeHA Ca TeHUTHBOM MHOXKHHE na -d (hdkd, kJhd) ca jeaHHm OGAMKOM 3a AaTHB, HHCTPYMCHTAN M LOKATHB MHO- okune Ha -ma (hayuma, xyhama), Hexanamn rac jai 3aMenen je ca e, y3 BHUIe HegocieaHOcTH, Na MMa OGiHKe Mygpuju, Hosuju: HuCaM, Hucu (a HE MYgpeju, HoBeju, necam, Hecu); jaia je NANO u Hy NAReExHHM OBTMIMMA Kao: CeHU, MeHU, OBUs, onust. P'naca x yraaBHOM HeMa y OBOM AMjaneKty (pda, 426 yMecTo KHbiKERHO- jeswuxor xpdna, xa86). Tpyna -ao caxuma ce y 0: 66 (yMecto Kibux, deco). osopu Koju wHe oBaj AMjanexar uMajy H cBojux noce6unx upta, na ce OH eau wa ropope (nogmujanexte) cenepHocpOujanckn u sojsohancKx (oBaj apyrH ‘caupxH cpemcke, Gayke M GawaroKe rosope). Pasnuxe Mehy uma, MehyruM He YI4y Wa uenMBy aujanexra. Y uenwHn csojoj (HosomtroKasckH) myMaQujCKo-BOjBohaHcKK aujameKaT Mocrao je OcHoBa cprickor KiswKeBHOT je3HKa eKaBcKor w3TOBOpa, H TO ¥ MpBO BpeMe y HeKanaussoj YrapcKoj (Hajschum zenom y Bojso- aun), 2 3aTHM H y cenepuoj Cp6xjn. 6) WTOKABCKO HAPEWE ()JEKABCKOF H3POBOPA 13, Wroxanckum wapesjem (1)jekapckor u3ropopa TOBOPH ce Ha BeMHKOM nompysjy cprckoxpatcKor jesuKa y weno] Lipxoj Top, pehum senosuma Bocte u Xepuerosune, jeanom aeay Xpoatcke Hu 3anaqwom aey CpOuje. TIpema pas- BUTKY aKUeHTA W OOMMKA, JellM ce Ha — cTApHjH WTOKABCKM AUja- wekatT WH Mi#abm mToKapcKu (NOROMTOKABCKR) Cimapuju witoxascxu gujanexaia 14. (1) Beiicxo-jyacnocanyauKu gujarexaii 3ay3MMa Mpocrop Koju Ha jyry H jyrosanany nownwe on Janpanicxor Mopa (TMepact — Yamur), wa jyrouctoky on Tpanune Jyrocnasnje a An6anuje, o6yxBara BenHKH neo LIpxe Pope (Zery w mpene- ue ceseponcrosno no w3a Bujenor Toma) u saxnara jyxnn Canyax y Cp6ujn Baxunje oco6une. — Topea njexascxe samene ctapora jaiia’ cHu- jei, cweloou, obaj aujanekaT uMa axieHtyauujy crapajer THA, AyTK cHNasKHH H KPATKM CHUIA3HM AKUCHAT, Koj Ce MOTY jABHTH H Ha YRYTPAWbUM CHOTOBHMA, Ta H na xpajy pean: dipded, auedga, yitdpnitx, Mana ce y HEKMM WerOBHM TOBOPHMa aKWeHTH u mpenoce Ges ToHcKe mpomeHe (céctipa, iupdea ). Bpuin ce jexaBcKo jo- Tonaibe Ma ce y3 ello, Heokcan jaBma hesojka, hepam, Wax M ibecama, 6/vepa (3A KEM 2KEBHOJeIH4KO gjecojxa, Hjepam, Wjecma, ejepa ). He pasnuxyjy ce 10KATMB, OMHOCHO MHCTpYMeHTat ¥3 T@rone MUpORarba M Aky3ATHB Y3 Tuiarone KpeTawa: Kueuat wa Heituive % Hgem na Heise; Cegum tpeg wxorom 1 Tofu iipeg wxoaom ). Pamn- pena je ymorpe6a wudunnruea 6e3 -u- iaegail, upuuaia, goh, peh. Y WeKUM OM We- ToBux ToBopa 4yBa ce Tac x. AOpHcT H HMMepdexar cy y %xHBOj ymoTpebH.Maahu wiioxascku (HosowitioxascKu) 15. (2) Heidounoxepyeiosauku gujasexai je wroxascK anjanexat (n)jeKas- cKor u3roBopa. HbuMe ce He rosopu! camo y HcTO¥HOj XepyerosuAH (10 KOjoj je va3Ban), Hero H y ceseposanaaHoj Lpxoj Topy, 3anaavom meny Canuaka u y 3a- naqupj Cp6uju. Osom anjanexry npunanajy # CBM WTOKaBcKH ropopH Bocue, Kao H CBM HjeKaBCKH WITOKaBCKH ToBOpH y XpBaTCKoj, yKy4yjyhu H AYOPOBAYKK TOBOP (c werosum noceOHHM oco6uHaMa). Ha 3anaqy ce Mpoctupe ce 10 YakaBcKor 1 KajkaBckor Hape4ja (Ha HeKMM MecTHMa H Jo CnoseHuje), a Ha ceBepy — 0 rpaHu- ue ¢ Mabapckom. Baxuuje oco6une. — Meby saxnuje ocoOune opora aujanekTa He Hopa, YeTBOPOAKUeHATCKa CHCTeMa OM ABA CHIa3HA H /Ba y30a3HAa AKIeHTA, ca AYTHM cnOrosHMa KojH Mory 64TH caMo H3a aKWeHTOBaHUx: Wj2eam, pdgiim, cjégiim, paguiiu, jyndkd. Ovaj aujanckat uma M paspujeny, HOBy AeKAMHAMNjy, Tj. MpoMeHy ca HOBHM HaCTABKOM -d 3a TEHMTHB MHOxHHE ()dKd, Kjhd) a ca jenHHM OOnHKOM 3a faTHB, HHCTpyMeHTan H TOKaTHB MHOxKHHe: hdyuma, Khana. Jat je 3ameneH ca uje H je: wjecsa, 6jepa; maujeko, gujeime, an u ca -e: 6peloeu (on Opuj -u: eoauo (on eoeiiu ). YrnaBHom je pausmpeto jexaBcKo jorosare: hesojKa, he- paiiu, anv ce y rosopy Ay6posawka u MycsmMmania y rpaqoBMMa OHO He Hasia3H: giesojxa, wjepamu. Y wajsehem neay mujanekta HeMa Tlaca x, anM ce HanasK y jesuxy Jly6posuuka M MycnMMaHcKor craHoBHHWTBa: 26 (x26), pdna (xpd- xa), opa (pax). Tpyna -ao caxuma ce y -6: aj2eao > ajded. 3anpmieraK Hudn- MuTHBa je iu (-fu) nam -i (-h): yuidiaitu (gohu), sumami (goh). Uma cayysan Aopucr, OK ce mMnepdeKar HasasH y jyxXHUjHM M HCTOUHHjMM 3oHaMa, a HayhHt ka cepepy ce ryGu. 16, Opaj HoBowToKaBcKH Aujanexat ujeKascKor H3roBopa, Koju je jom oA xpaja XV towerka XVI pexa y Dy6posHuky Guo ocHosa TanallBer KWIKeBHOr jeauka, M KOjM Ma Ha eMY M3BAHPeAHY HapogHy MoesHjy, 3acnyrom Byxa Cr. Kapaunha, meropux npvctammna 1 xppatcKux umupauia, y ToKy XIX Beka noctao je OcHona sajeqHH4KOr KibHKEBHOT je3HKa, KOjMM AaHAG TOBOPAMO H MHUIeMO, kao jenHUM Of H3TOBOpa KisWKEBHOF je3uKa, 8) WITOKABCKO HAPEWE MKABCKOT M3fOBOPA 17. UlroKascko Hapeje Mkaackor H3roBopa HapoAHH je roBop Mycmumana u Xppata wrokasaua yriapiom Ha sanagy og pexa Bocue x Heperse, xao w Xppa- ta y3 Casy u Kyny w jyxio om wux. Moxe ce momenutH Ha TpH aMjanexta. (1) Hocascxu uxascxu gujaaexaia ce ronopu y Ciapounju, ay peke Ca- ne on Fpanuuke 70 nunuje Bunkorun — Capa, rye ce rpaiiun ca cpeMcKum rosopuma. Opi jujareKTOM roBope H HeKa Hacema y cerepHoj CnaBoHHjn, y cesepnoj Bocun 1 y Bauxoj. Cnana y crapuje aujaneste, jep ce onnnxyje 4yBa~ Hem crape akieHTyauHje of TpH akueHta, Meby xojama je n axyr. Tpema Kiwxes- HojesH4KOM waitt,Kg ¥ weMy je wh, a1ch: what, moorchanu (3a KibIDK. wiall, Moga nu); 4 Ha kpajy pew Moke OCTaTH: tucas, Kucea, HeMa CyTsaCHHKa x; MHCTpyMeHTan jenn. MMeHMua 2K, p. Ha CyFIACHHK je Ha -om: ca Hamehos (KibUDK. ¢ Hamehy WK ¢ gametu). Vitbaantue je ca sappuietkom -i@ (fi): paguilt, nah (aKo jit naje h, nuave najia). Vimneppexar je numesao, aopucr ce ynorpe6mapa. (2) Maahu uxascxu gujanexaia ropopy ce Ha mpoctopy H3Mehy YakaBcKor Ha- peyja, onHocHo janparcKe |oGasie H cesepoucTo¥HNx o6ponaka BeneOuta. Ha ce- Bepy donupe 10 Kajkasckor Hapexja y campy Kyne, a Hajuesosuruja o6nact Maaher 10nkascxor aujatekra HanasM ce y sanagHoj XepuerosuHM, ca ZaNMATHHCKHM Kor- HOM H AenOBHMa 3anaqHe M uedtpanne Bocke. WroKasckx wkasun cy Xppari w Mz canMann (om Kojux ce nppH Hanase uy Bavkoj — Byiwesnm). Oasunyje ce HopourroKasckom axnentyanijom, jai naje w= satixo, cnili, giledjxa, iiicma; tpyna -aa naje -a: uiled (y KEYK. Heeao, Hjesao) ioituja (y KY. toituo). Yaecto a nojanmyje ce e y peanma: epé6ay u pécaa (M. epabay, u pacad). Y jentiom aeay opax rosopa uypa ce rpyna wh: oireuuhe; yMecto h jasma ce u j: iiyju, Maaju (M. tayhu, Maahu), YMecTo Hama3uMo ;° 3esja, jygu (yMecTo 3emea, aygu). Tnac x wsroBapajy Mycammanu, pee « Xpaarn. Ppyna jg yraasuom paje J: gohem, ani ce # 4yBa HeHIMetbeHa Y HeKHM jesIORMMa Tora ujaneKTa: gojgem. Tlagektin HactapuH Cy yrTaBHOM KAO y HOBOIITOKABCKOM HjeKABCKOM, anit HeCTo 6e3 -a: jynayum (M. jynayuma). Vinneppexat ce petko KopucTH, 20K ce aopucr ynorpe6sapa. (3) Hewapexu uxascku gujasexai utoKasckor wapeyja je rosop Xpaata y iymnoj 4 sanaawoj Metpy, kao My jeaHoj rpymn MTOKaBCKHX HKABCKHX Haceba Wa Taena 1 — Cpniexoxpsarcei jeauk, wserona Hapeyja Ht cpnickit KibIDKeBHH je3HK { CpnicKoxpmareK jeank + at e A waxapcKo xKajranexo uiToxascKo Hapeje apevje napeyje anjaientu exaeexoi (wjexaecxot uxaeckol wsrosopa usrosopa waropopa mpwspencKo- “THMONEH ‘eaapoHcKH eKancKi KOCORCKO- 3eTeKO:jyRHO- nocasckn -pecanckn cauaxKn WKaBCKH sarah xapcKH mctapeKi 4 WxaBeKH [ prick KHGIDKEBHIE je3nK } cesepy (Tiuhapuja, wsmehy Tpcra 1 Pujeke). Fosops opor aujanexra umajy crapy axyentyauujy (py Yemy je HeKa/laUllibM akyT SaMerbeH AYTOCHaIHHM aKUeHTOM) 3amena jata je wkaBcKa (y3 MOHeKH eKaBH3aM: ceno, Opesa): mauKo, epume, guile. iTpyna gj onze fajeac: saaseu (M. kib. staahu), ij naje w: Heve (M. KibYx. Hele) Uyje ce HarOBOp wilZ,9cg: oirouuiie, Moeganu. CyraacHHK x ce wysa: Muxo. IM- nepiexat M aopHct Hcy y cHcTemy O6uMHKa. TpeGa Hetahin za rpannue meby aujanekTHma y Hapesjy, Kao M rpanuire HaMe- by pasanunrHx Hapesija, Hucy 4apcTo onpehere. TaKo HM ce y MehycOGHOM ROAMPY 4 Mewlajy wHXOBe UPTE, Ma ce Moxe TOBOPHTH HO T3B. MpenasHHM TOBOPHMA TIO jeanux aujanekata. 3. CPHICKH KIbWOKEBHH JESHK 18. Kisuxxestocr, u yonuire nicania nenaTHocT (Wayka, nyGsMBMCTHKA, CTPY%- ua aurepatypa wa pasunx oGsacts), 20 XIX Bexa micara ce Ha cpa TPH Hapesja CpnekoxpaarcKor jesuKa, OcHOve j1aHaIILeM KHbHKEBHOM jeSHXY MOCTABIEHE CY weyrephene y XIX bexy. 3a tberoBy ocHoBY yaeTo je ajpacnpoctpamennje Hapedje see oKABCKO, ! TO HE CBM HETOBM MHjaNeKTH, HETO CAMO HOBO UIT O- kapcku AnjanexTM Wjekapckor M ckasckot usroBopa. Ha enemy Hapomior je3"Ka Koj ce mpoctupe Ha Hajpehem Xeny ope AujameKarcKe TepHTopuje HacTao je OMMTH, JajeqMIKA Kieu KeBHN (CTAHRA PAH) Feauk. Mo pecunuuujn Koja nak H 3a Apyre TaKBe jesMKe, mM CpmcK H see BHM [e3HK je FOBOPHH u MMcaHM je3HK Koj ce HTaHOBH epricKe jesuuxe sajemmnue cHy>ke KAO OMMITHM Y CBAKORHEBHOM KOMYHUUMPArbY, ¥ IKOMH, Hayiyt, HyYONHUMCTHU, pay — y KYNTypH yonuITe, a KO|M je sacHoRaH Ha yrBphe- HM TOHETCKUM, MOpAONOLIKUM H CHHTAKCHYKUM oOpacuuiMa. TH OOpacu HHE NO pMY KiswxeBHO? jeauKa. HopMa je YkynHocT Mpapiiia Koja cy OGancsHa 3a Cpe one KOjA THM je3HKOM ToBope m Muuy. TlocrapmeH Ha HapoyHe OcHoRe, epriekit KibinxeBIIM jeauK MpeAcTawma BETUKY KyMTYpHY TEKOBUHY, "je je eTBAPA- Hee 3anoueo, HY BEMHKO} Mepu 3aspuMo Byk Crecpaxopuh Kapayuh u y3 wera, ) Xpaarckoj, npercrapimi swnupeKor noKpera, Koje je MpenBoano Jbynenur Taj Yaohewy HoBor kisuxeswor jesuxa y XIX BeKy, MpHpoaHo, nperxonuta je ayra kysTypna NcTopkja y Kojoj ce paspHjana KinwxeBHOCT M yonulTe nucaHa Je- jarHoct Ha cTapajHM M CrapHM KIDIDKeBHHM je3HUMMa Haposa Koj TOBOPe ¢pll- CKOXpBATCKUM je2HKOM. A Hl caMo CTRaparse HOROT KIbUKeBHOF jesHKa HA OCHOBY HaPOAHHX HOBOWTOKABCKUX ANjaneKata y XIX BeKy eo je Ky:rtypHe HeTOpHje Haq unx Hapoga. A) CPIICKM KIb/OKEBHH JE3MK [0 XIX BEKA CTBAPAIbBE MOJIEPHOF JESMKA Y XIX BEKY 19. (A) Y pattom cpemisem BeKy, KAO H KOJ| CBAX COBCHCKHX HaPOa, KHbHDKEBHOCT koa Cp6a je Guaa mpseictneHo UpkBeHa, Mvcala Ha KILIDKBHOM je3HKY HacTazoM Ha CTAPOCHOBEHCKOM jC3MKY, CNPBUM MMCMOM— riaromHMmOM, xoja je Kacuuje samenena hup MUO M. Ha Taj cy je3MK npaH CnOReHCKH MpO- ceerurern, ‘upwno u Metoguje, y IX exy, mpesesm ca rpukor jesHka UpKBeHe xumre. Hi Cp6u cy, ca xpuurhaHicrsom, IpuMHI CTapOCHOBEHCKH Kao KibiDKeBHM jesnx. Toxo ppemena yHocuilH cy y Taj jeaHK NoHeKy OcoGmHy Haposwor jeamKa Tame je HacTao HajcrapHiM cprickH KIDIDKeBHM je3MK, NOSHAT y HayUM Kao ciliapo- caosexcu y cpiickoj pegaxyuju (um cpiicKocaosencku jesux) 12Tum KwmKeBHAM jesHKOM mucaHa cy UpKBeHa H CBeTOBHA ela OA Kpaja XII pexa (u3 Kora je BpemMeHa 4ypeno Mupocaaereso jesanhewe), na cue AO TIPE nonosuve XVI sexa (Kana je THM jesHkoM nucao jour Taspuno Credanonnh Bexutozsth). CpncxocnonencKn jesnk je uma enue HapomHHx jesHuxHx ocoGuHa y e- nuMa npapie calpxHHe, Y PagHHM MOBemaMa, JapoBHMUaMa, YroBOPHMA H MH- CMuMa cpemiboBeKOBHAX Bratapa. A oHeKam je YaK je3HX TAKBHX flea y OCHOBH Guo WapoasM ca NPHMecaMa CTapocOBeHCKOr. To ce Moxe RANETH y jemHoM npuMepy M3 3aKounKa uapa Aymana (XIV Bek): Vi xou paactensie oysMe Baanbikoy 110 cub, na Moy ce 06% poyKe orcbkoy, H Hoe oypexe; AKO JIM CeOLPH OYSMe MO CHAS BAANKOY, Aa ce OGkcH; aKo AM CBOIO APOYToy oy3Me M10 cH, a Moy ce 06 poyKe ore bKoy u Hock oypexke. 20, Paseurak cprickocnosertcKor jesHKa y Mpastly KHWKeBHOF jesHKa ca BLE upra naponHor, ma W Moryhio yaohewe Hapoavor jesHKa y xibwxeBHocT, Mey THM, MOTHYHO CY CIIpeYeHHt HaOM CPMICKHX CPEMHOBeKOBHNX AprAaBA TOA TYPCKO portérao, Tlocae XV peka xibisxesiin pa 6110 je CKO TOTRYHO Orpannven Ha TipKene NOTpeGe, Ta ce TaKO KO CpGa Ticasto H Haybe Ha CtapocmOBeHCKOM jesuKy cpnexe pemaxunje. Kpajem XVII sexa, nocne y4eutha y paty Aycrpuje nporue Typeke, seanku jleo cpiickor cBeuiTeHcTBa, ¢ HaponoM, Mopao je Machu Ha ceBep npexo Cave it Tywapa, y ranawmy Yrapery. Tpeasohenn narpujapxom Apcennjem II Yapro- jebuhen, KanyhepH 4 cBeWTeHMUM NpeHeAM Cy H Kibure 3a UPKBeHe MOTPeGE, HK Ha- CTaBHAH CBO) KHWKEBHM pan y jy%kHoj Yrapckoj (aanaurroj Bojsoauun mu aeay Mahapexe). Ilo Tpaanuusju, OHM Cy NpencHBATH UPKBEHE KIDHTE H NHcATH CpPNCKO- CHOBEHCKHM jesHKOM. AH cy Y HOBHM, APYKYHjHM youOBHMA |APYuITBEHOT KHBOTA HOWeRH MHCATH H OPHTHHAIHA cpoja Mena, HajBMIe PeHTHOSHO-Noy4HOr KapaK- Tepa. Meby epnckim micuuma y jykHo} YrapcKoj TOKOM XVIII nexa Ouro je H OHHX koji cy, y OApeeHUM npHsUKaMa (Kajza cy Ce REPCKHM H MOyHHHM OecemaMa O6pa- hann Hapony, Kama cy ricany reeme H Apyra neta), MHcANH H HapoaHHM jesnkoM. Meby wma cy Hajtosuaruja Faspuno Creatosih Benusosuh, Jovan Pajuh (nucay ena Boj ssaja ¢ opaceu) u Saxapuja Opdemm. Morno ce oveKupara xa he HAPOMHH je3HK cue BALIC Yaa3KTH y KIbWxKeBHOCT. 21. MehytHM, apyuiTseHe MpHAMKe Hcy OHIe NOBOwHE 3a TaKAB Mpasall paspnrka xipioxesHor jeauKa. AycTpuja a Mahapexa nucy ucrtymasane oGeharta 6 panna KojuMa cy CpGe, kao onpobane parHuKe, xTeue 2a NPHBYKY 3a On6pAHY caojx rpanuita on TypeKe. Cp6H cy ¥ aycrpHjexom uapersy OuH H3NOKeHM TO- DMTHUKUM, BepCKHM i KYNTYPHAM MpHTHCUMMa H Aa 6H ce TeMMa OAYMpAH, caYy- bank Of HOKaTORMMeHsa H YHMNjahera, OHM ce OGpahajy npasociasHoj PycHjn 3a nomoh y upkeexHM Kwurama. Ha no3HB cpneKor murponosmta; 1726, roaHHe jlonasn pyckn ysuren Maxcum Cysopos 1 y Kapaosunma orpapa .,CranjanicKy uikony", Koja je padivta net roauna. Satu oaa3H (1733) Emanynn Kosaunnckit ¢ HEKOAMKO PyCKHX yHHTemA, ¢ KOjAMa OcHUBA ,,JIaTHHCKY MKoay"* — 4 enpema cpeumrenuke M yuHTeme 3a CpHicKe WKoAe Tako ce y mpsoj noxosuun XVIII Bexa y HAUIMM KpajepMa CTBapa WKoNa y kojoj ce neryje pycKOCTORCHCKM KPKBENK jeIHK, KO} je, 3anpano, Guo pycka peaaxija crapocnosexcxor jesxa. [pea Kpaj mpae noxosune XVII bexa o8aj jeaux y cnyxOu, KMUAKEBHOT jesHka Cp6a nOTHCKyje AOTATALHDH CpicKo- 13cropencKu jesnk. Yak u nucay Kao uiTo je Jopan Pajuh, xojuje, Kako emo BHC, MAO H esa nuCaHa HapoaHHM jesHKOM, caja MHUe pycKOCnOBeHCKHM, Ta M OBMAINDHM PYCKHM KHHAREBHUM je3HKOM. To ce Moxe BusetH y jenHOM OmIOMKY #3 WeroRe Heitopuje pasnux caasen- cxux napogos (1794): Xora y6o Crassus caapa a npoupbtana no6S0HOCHEMs Hx Opy- akiems pacnpoctpausema Ha Bocrous, n 3anaak u Chebp; omvaxe mpexre vexe Pumckia MIposunuin wanacrsosata Havasu, Bb CCMb UMcHH HecBh ZoMet 66014. Hepsi Mpoxoniit Kecapickiit Yctuniana umneparopa apemena H BOliHH OnNcys, Bb Gpanexs FoToRs BocnoMHHaNic TROPHT® calaBeHCKOTO Vimene. Tako ce Y UPKBH M KIGHKEDHOCTH IIMcaNO PycKOCIOBeHCKHM ¥ OHMALIGUM PYCKHM KrBIDKEBHHM je3HKOM (OBMM APYTHM yrnaBHOM esa y OGsacTH HcTOpHje), Koj cy Hajsehem aeny wapona 6unn HepasyMmuBH. 22, Kena na ce nuute Hapony pasyMmbuBHM jesHkoM yannuna je na noje- AH TCL PyCKOCOBeHCKH jesuK (a YeCTO H PYCKH KibIDKeBHM) NOMHY MewaTH ca CpnicKHM HapoaHHM je3HKOM, Mla TaKO OKO cpeauHe XVIII BeKa Hacraje, H 110- CTenteHo ce y KHIKEBHOCTH YcTamyje, MelliaBHHa Hawa CAaBeHOCPICKH jesuk. Tipsut je osu jesnkom noueo nucarH Saxapuja Opdeaun, Kojn je 1768. ronaHe o6jaBHo cB} Crasenocep6cKu MaiazuN, Ca TEKCTOBMMA M Ha CnaBeHo- cpnickom jesuxy, a wMMe ce Hajpuutie mucaso y nocnemwe nee neueHHje XVIII Bexa. Jena onnomax a3 Opdenusozor Crasenocpiickoi maiasuna noxasyje na je 70 GHlo je3HK ca BehuM seOM pYCKOCTOREHCKUX pe, ca @OHETHKOM H OGTHUUMA OMMALMBEr PYCKOr KIBWKEBHOF jeSHKa Mca PeYMMa H LUXOBHM OGAMIUEMA 13 cpr ckor Hapoawor jesnka: BecbMa Gbi MeHH MpHCKOPGHO H IleNanbHO GBI, ako GBI A Kauroas ‘Yo, ¥TO THI, MOHi CbiHe, yrla0 y THaHicTBO, pockoulb, 6es4MHie, M HenOTpebHoe weutie, Ope crpactH MilaMbIXb stone ecy HanonacHbiwie, M OTb HBUXE secbMa Muorie ryGetce. Toro paal yaasapaiice OTb TakOBLIX KOMMaHtiAxb, Koe TeGe y OBe OMlacHOCTH MOcTABUTH, NOWeHbs, HOGPOrs uMcHA, 3npaBia H uiactia AMUMKTH, H CBepXy cBera Tora BpeMeHHyio H BbYHyIO KauITHTy Bo- xiio Ha TeGe Hapectn MOryTE. (M. Cresanosuh, Caspenenu epitcxoxpeaicku jesuk, 1, Beorpan — Haysna xwnra 1981, 33) Tu jesHkoM cy nucanH mpocserHresckn mcun ¢ Kpaja XVII n moyerKa XIX sexa, ak H OHH Mey ibHMa KOjH cy 3axTeBasH na ce, pan npocsehupama Hapoga, numie HaponHHM jesuKoM. Y3 Opdenuna, taken cy Guan mucun E. Jan xosih, 1. Conapuh, 1, #apounto, Jocute| O6panosuh. 23, Vinax, Hajnctaxnytujn npenctasHnun npocsetHteba cae cy Bue HCTH~ as fa 3a Hapon TpeGa NcaTH — HApOAHHM je3HKOM, Mla CY HeKH OJ THX NO TOj 4xejH u npasH mpeTxonHHun Byka Ct. Kapauuha. Tako ce Locutej O6- Pa 10 Bu (pofen oKo 1739— ympo 1811) y cBojHM neaMMa 3a.1axe 3a ynorpeby HapomMor jesitka, HaKO HH OH caM CBO} jesHK HUje Morac ocHOGOBHTH pyckocnoBe- Husama. Oryaa ce y neaMi 3a 1eTOR je3HK He Moxe pehi 1a HHje cnapeHocpncKH, anu je, cbakako, MHoro 61mkH HapomHOM u3pasy. 1424, (2) Byk Crespanonuh Kapaynh (1787—1864), neuxn cpnicxu pecbopmarop kwirxeBHOr jesHka 4 MpaBomuca, mpBH je ocTBapHO HAejy o yBOewy HapoaHOr je- 3uka y KibWxkepHOcT. OctRapewe Te witeje 3anoveo je H3naBareM cpora CpticKoi pjewnuxa (y Bexy 1818), npBor aHavajnor KryxxeaHOT esa Koje je 610 HanHcaHO HapoaHUM jesHKoM u oHeTCKHM mpasoncom. Kao pedopmatop, Byk je 3axTe- Bao sla KYoiDKeBHA jesHK Gysle jesHK O6MYHOr Hapoua, OH] KOjAM cy Tana roBOpHAIH CpncKH cemaul, pain M NaCTHpH, a KOjHM je u cam Byk roBOpHO H MHHcao. V Tome, Byx je 6Ho u3pa3HTH NpeacTaBHHK cpmicKe pesonyuHje on 1804. roauHe, sano¥ere TpBHM CprickKHM ycTaHKOM npoTuB TypcKe, penonyunje Koja je panukasHo W3Me- Nita H HaWWOHAAHH, M ApyuITBeHH MonOxKaj cpnckor Hapoma y XIX Bexy Tocne mpuepemenor nopasa ycrannuke Cpuje 1813. rommue, Byk je, ca MHO- rum w3Geranuama, 2oula0 y Bes, rue ce cnpjaremuo ca Cnonenem Je phe jom Konurapom (1780—i844), yrnenHuM cnaBHcTOM, UeH30poM H KkycTOcoM Geuke zBopeKe 6u6anoTexe. Ha Konutapos noactuuiaj 4 y3 weroBy crpysiy m0- moh, Byk je mo¥eo a npHkymma HapomHe YMOTBOpHHE, Ja NMLIe TpaMaTHKy Ha- poatior jesuxa (Kojy je eh 1814, uaaao y Bey, nog HasHBom ITucmenuya cepéckoia Jesuka) Ma NMUIe TIpBH CpIcKA PeaHHK ca TpaMaTHKOM, Kojx je H32a0 1818. Beh nloswatu cnapucta, Konutap je Byky GHo M yuHTem H YoReK KOjM My je CBOjHM YTuuajeM KOA MHOTHX CBPONCKHX HayYHMKA H KIGWKEBHHKA OMOTyhHO 2a ye y epponcka cpenmuita kyatype. Tloapurka Kojy je tamo Haltiao moMoraa je cpncKoM peopmatopy ma nosene Gop6y 3a usMeHY KibWxKeBHOT jesHKa KoA Cp6a. 25, Crawe y Tome jesHky 6410 je xaoTH4HO, KiswxkeBHMUM cy nucaTH Ges ompehennx jesnuknx npapuna. Totono cpakn mucatt Mao je caoj jesnk. Y Taxsum oxomHoctuMma Byk je Hanucao, pecbopmucaiiom hupHaunom Case MpKasba (1783-1833), caojy npay rpamatuxy, Kojy je, kako cMo neh pexsu, HaaBa0 Mucme- nua cep6cola Tesuka. Ona je nucata no y30py Ha Caosexcky ipamaiiuxy Appama Mpasoautha # Huje Masa ovaj 3Havaj Koja cy 1818. uMasu Bykoa Pjewiux a Cpiicka ipamaiauxa, ann ux je Hatopeurtasana. Y woj je Byk, nako jy je wrtammao Mpxa- JbeBOM Aa36YKOM, Beh a0 BM3Hjy CROjAX pelliema, 2acHORAHHX Ha AnenyHTOBOM (ohann Christoph Adelung, 1732—1806, Hemaikn gmonor) npanunny — maui Ka uITO TOBOpALI. Mpkasbepa pepopma osakulana je Byky KoHaYHy peopMy cpnicke hupHanue. Banpuinn Bykopu pecbopMatopcKu mores ornesajy ce y Tome ro je ymecro MpKa- TbeBHX PellTeba Hib, go, Ab, Hb, FyBeO Y cpnicky hupHauly, h, h, , %, j (OBO Tocnea- we — H3 ATHHHUe), a CHOBO W H3 HeKHX CTapHx pykonuca, Cojy HoBY as6yKy Byk mpex nyr ynorpe6sana y Cpuckom pjewkuxy, KojM je, sajento ca Cpuckom ipamaiduxom, o6japuo 1818. roaune y Beay. 26. ¥ Pjewnuxy a Cpuckoj ipamaiuyu Byx je nedunscao cuctem MonepHor cpiickor KibirkesHOr je3HKa, 3ACHOBAHOT Ha HAPODHOM, @ UEAOKYMHOM CBOjOM cmH- caTemckom geaaTHouthy ytaphupao je Taj jesHk y KibHxXeBHOCTH M HayuH. OH je Ta mesa Hanucao je3HKoM cBor poguor Tpuinha, a To 3Ha4M HCTOUHOXepueroBay- KHM dujaneKToM, wjeKaBckor HaroBopa. Buna je To nanekosHaa omnyKa jep ce FoBopH opora aMjarekta npoctupy Ha Hajsehem aeny 3emmuuita Koje 3aysHMa uiToKaBcko Hapeyje, nla je TaKO HaposHa OCHOBA KibwKEBHOT je3HKa MOCTasa BpsO pox. OciM Tora, Ha OBOM aujameKTy moctojana je 6orata HapomHa KIsWKeB- HocT, Kao " Gorata ay6posaiKa YMeTHH'Ka KiswxesHoCT. TIpsoGuTHy ocHoBHuy cBora KibHxeBHOF jesHka Byx je npowHpHo nocre 1836. rome, Kaa je racoBHH ClICTeM KibiDkeBHOT jesHKa ynoTnyHHo ysohewsem cyrnacunxa x (43 ToBopa Jly- Gpopuuka x jyrosanaue LpHe Tope): xe, xumap, opax — opaxa (mM. TpuumhKor 4ve6, uiliap, opa — opaa), onwocko Kana je (on 1839) onyctao om jeKaBcKor joro- 15eatba CYTIACHHKA g, WH Mo4eo MHCATH: gjesojxa, gieua, Mjewuiau, Wjepaimu, KAKO je ayo y Dy6posunxy m xox MycnuMatcxor cranosnmmrsa y Bocuu « Xepuerar ann 27. Byx je npumepom csora je3HKa y ciMcHMa HajpasHospcHuje mpHpoge, a HapounTo NpHMepoM je3uka HapOmHHX TlecaMa, IOTHYHO 10Ka3a0 a ce HaPODHHM. jesnkom Mory uapaxanaTu MaicaM H occhaiba. ByKop je3HK m mpanonuc nocteneHo cy OMIM MpHXBaTaHH Y KibinKeRHOCTH H jeaHHO je Moh Mutpontomnta CrpaTaMH- posuha, KojoM cy ce KOPHCTHIM MPOTHBHHUK yROlera HapoAHOr jesHKa Y KEH- skeBHoct y BojBoauHn, u xHe3a Muiomia, uxonor canesnuKa y CpOnjy, aMHHH- CTpaTHBHO cnpeyaBaTa HAXOBO KOHAYHO MpHxaTawe. 28. orowo uctospemesto ca Bykonom nenarHouhy npuctanuue WwaupcKor noxpera y Xpsarckoj, npenwoheun Jby xeputom Tajem, nanyutrajy xaj- KaBcKo Hapeuje y dyHKunjM xpBATCKOT KiBinKeBHOT jesHKa H YIHMajy UTOKABCKO napeuje ujekascKor Harosopa. Ha Taj Hasan mampun « Byk cy yrpax nyt Gyayhem 3ajeAHH4KOM KWWKeBHOM jesHky. KibMxEBHHM OTOBOpOM y Beyy 1850. roanne, unupun J. femetep, UW. Kyxyssenh, M. Maxypannh # apyrx, 3a- jean ca Byxom, B. Lanwunhem i. Mukrouriem, 1038asM cy XpBarcKe H cpncKe TucUe sta MHULY ROBMM THNOM KHIKeBHOT jesuKa. MaanK HapaUiTajd sysH KOjH cy aenowann y KyATypH MpUxBaTHAH cy OBaj MO3uB, Te Ce TOKOM UeTOT Mpeocta- nor nena XIX peka 3ajeuMM4Kn KibiKeBHH je3HK pazeHjao Ha Hnejama ByKa # HIH- pana 29. Bypa Janmanh (1825—1882). — Mloce6an suauaj, Mehy MHoraMa, y yTBp- Dupaisy H pasBuTky KipixKeBHor je3Hka BykoBcKor Tana Hmao je pam Bype Hann- 4uha, Koj ce kao Bp10 Mula Hay4¥RMK IpHapyxno Byxy Kapauuhy y teroBoj 6op- 6x ca nporHBHHUAMA HaponHor jesHika y KibwKeBHOCTH. Ox je TyMavemem ByKO- BOT Jed, MMcaibeM MHOTHX iaHaka, KPHTHKa H NOmeMHKa Ha ByKOBOM jeauKy 3aslao H MlocaleaybH Yaapau BysoBHM npoTHBHHuAMa, Tlocae nomemHaxe pacnpane Pain 30° cplicku jeaux u tpasoiue (1847), Hanwsah je wanncao Maay cpiicky ipama- tauxy (1850), Pjewnux uz Krowoceenux ciapuna cpitexux (1863—1864), Hetuopujy o6suka (1874) 4 apyra qena snayajHa 3a cpnexy ¢unonorajy. Y JyrocnapeHcKoj akameMuji 3HaHocTH u yMjetHocTa y 3arpeby moxpenyo je uspany BennKor Pjeu- nuKa xpeatickota usu cplicKoia jesuxa (1880). Byky je HenocpemHo moMarao y 43- pani apyror wsnatba Cpitckoi pjewnuxa, Koje je wramnano 1852 30. Aaununhes Paid 3a cpitcru jesux u iapasoiuc je, Kao HayIHO eno MHcAHO HaponnuM jesuKoM, WMaxo W3BaHpeaH 3Havaj Y CTBApawy HOBOT KIBIEKEBHOT je- suka Kon Cp6a. Buino je To aeno mpencrapiuka Hose redepaunje Hay¥bnka, Koja je wa Hay4Hoj OCHOBH O6parnoxHO ByKoBy pesbopmy, a OGpaznoxerme Ha- nHcao HapOAHHM jesHKOM, A Kao miTO ce 1847. romMHe niojasino To [ann 4uheno s1e10, Tako cy ce ucte ronuue nojapune Mecae Bpanka Pannwepnha a Popexu eujenay Tetpa 1 Metposuha Heeroma, noercka nena ncaa HapOHHUM je- aukom (Fberouseso eN10, HCTHHa, CTapHM MpaBOncoM, an HnaK HapomHUM jean- kom). Hajsaa, Te ronune oGjanmen je m Bykos npesox Hoeoia sagjewa, neno pe- AMTHOSHO-NECHUNKOT canpxaja, Koje je M CAMOM TOM YHIKEHHUOM GHIIO OM BEIH- kor 3Havaja 3 pedbopmy KwWXeBHOF jeauKa. Hone renepauuje xiswxesHuka, oamax 3a Jlannumhem, Hberowem a Panne suhem, muy Ha HapoaHOM jesHKy KOjut je YBeAeH KAO KIbIKCBHU je3HK y KYATYPY. Behuwa cpnckux nucaua Kacnuje mule €KARCKHM H3TOBOPOM HOBO- wToKasckor (tlyMaaitjcko-nojBohaticKor) aujaneKta, Koj je y caemy, OCHM y H3t0- Bopy crapora raca jai, jeatak ca ByKOBUM je3HKOM, OCHM, HapasHo, OMMX Koj cy ca HoBouToKanckor (li)jeKaBcKor W3roBopHor nonpysja 16b) JE3HK JYBPOBAUKE KbYXKEBHOCTH HM KHbMXEBHM JE3HK Y BOCHH JIO XIX BEKA 31. Kpajem XV sexa, japma ce 4 AyOpoBauKa KHbwKERHOCT Ha HapoAHOM jesuky. Hbeta mposna pena cy mcaHa Ha wiToKaBCKOM Hapeyjy xepyeronatKor Tuma, KojH je H MHaMe Guo HoKaNHH yujaneKar. Jena y cTHXY cy NucaHa, y Mower Ky, MeII@BHHOM ITOKABCKHX H WaKABCKHX je3H4KUX cnewerara. HbeHa HajTosHa- THja mena cy: [muKko Menyeruh 1 Lope [pxuh (XV Bex), Mapas [Ipxuh (XVI nek) 1 Vsan Tynmysuh (XVI). Paseujana ce ckopo rpu Bexa, Aajyhu gena Bpio BHCOKOF YMETHUKOT HHBOA. Jesux Mapuua [pxuha (1508—1567), y jeqHom caoM omtom«y, moKazahe HaM HeKe OcoGuHe OBOF THIla KHbWKeBHOr je3HKa: Je li se ikada, o luzi, vidil pod nebom do sada od ove ljepia vil? Rumeno nije litce priziva sunatce. © svitla danice, ustav se za mal fas, vilinja strazice, ter pozri na obraz od ove, ka je cvit svih vila na saj svit; i vi ine svitlosti pozrite za_milos covojzi mladosti jedinu na lipos, ke ures i dika vinja je prilika. (Pjesni razlike) Muoro kacunje, y XIX pexy, cappurevoct ay6posaike KisiKEBHOCTH 5 y woj Harpabeu jesuk, tlope ocrauior, yrauahe m Ha Xpuare jla 3a KHLIDKeRAM jean YaMy sujatexar KojuM je 082 KHWXeBHOCT MHcaHta. ~~ 32. Hi xacuuja Gocatcka KiipKeBHOcT XVIT BeKa nucaka je HapomANM jesH- KOM mITOKaBCKOT Hapeyja HjeKaBCKOF H HKaBCKOr H3roBopa, Miwauta je pemArHosHy canpxwny 1 Gwsla HamemeHa KaTONMKOj MporraradjH Hi Moy4aBarby symH. Kapa repucruan 3a wy je Maruja [[uexopuh (1563—1631). On je, sanpaso, 4 npsit GocarickH Nucay KojM MHI HapowHHM jesHKOM, a Ticao je MporapedopaicKy miposy, meme, Gecese, vecro — kag je TO Gua NoesHja — No yrneny Ha jlanMa- THNcKe H jlyOpoBayKe mucye Hapogu Kapakrep Jlupkopuhenor jesnka n crmicKe upre Koje moncehajy Ha RyOpoBauKe y30pe BUIle Ce y OANOMKY W3 HeroRe TlecMe: »Proslavimo oca boga, Ki nam posla sina svoga: Sinom svoiem nas poljubi Da nas gresne ne pogubi; Ne moze nam veée dati Nego sina nam postati Zato, braéo, boga pojmo I veselo prid njim stojmo.* (Pjesan od Bozica) B) JPYCA KHbVOKEBHH JE3MIM ITOKABCKOr HAPEWA TO XIX BEKA 33. ero Tako, ocawmaecrit Bek Ono je OGenexeH H AaNMATHHCKHM MCHA nepcxo-nponaranjror mpasua, Meby Kojuma ce uctuie Awapuja Kash Mnoumh (17041760), KojM cBoje mosHaTo peno Pasloeop yiogiu napoga caoeuKcKoia (17561759) numie HapoxHuM je31KOM, Kao meroB MIpeTeva, TakOhe UITOKABAll, 2 gyumn TpaGosay, (1697. unm 16981749), KojM nme Hapoptm jesHKom Janma- ‘mnicKe 3arope. 34. Y XVIII sexy ce na cesepy, y Cnaponuju, Taxobe jabsba KiswKeBHOCT Ha HaponHoM jesuky WTOKaBCKOF Hape¥ja HKABCKOT M3roBopa, ca AntyHom Kamwxanhem (1699—1777), xojn je nucao non yTauajem ‘ay6poray- ‘KHX TecHuka (Ceeia Poswaauja ianopmutiancka gueuya), 4 Matajom AHTyHOM Pemxosnhem (1732-1798), npesoawoulem, MHcUeM rpaMaTHke W AH/akTHYKOT crie- Ba Cailiup uauitiu gueju woeux (1762). 35. Ca jauarbem rpaharicxe Knace, xpajem XVIII n y mpsoj nonosunn XIX nexa, y XpBatcKoj ce apa MalMOHANHO-NOAMTHRYKH H KYNTYDHH MoKpeT, 4HjA je IW OHO OkyMmarbe cBUX jy2kHUX CnoBeHA, Y NpBoj MoNOBMHM XIX B. Of HeTOBUX NpucranMua Hasan uaupcxum UoKpetiiom 36, Toxper je 2060 ume no HasuBy Haupyja, Koju ce ynorpe6sanao 3a noKpajnie hactare on jyxxHOcnOneNCKNX seMama Koje je Ayetpiia 1809 F. yerynuna dpasuyeKo}, a Koje cy KoHasno o6yxwarane: Kopyuxy, Kparcxy, Merpy, uumauany Xpaarexy, Jlanseanijy, Ly- Gpowintk n Bojrty xpajumy. Anit ce repaint waupcku y Haawema jesHka, peunika, Naw IpaMa- Tika, yrloTpeO bana neh Rano Ape — roKow XVII wt XVII w. 37. Y upaoj nonopman XIX pexa HajpaxHHjn Jeo WIMpCKOr KEBIDKeBHO-KyATyp- Hor nporpama je Guna GopGa 3a jenMHCTBCH KESIDKCBHH je3HK M MpaBonuic, 3ajeqHHUKH 3a Cp6e M Xpare. Taj je3k OM OHO OcHOBA H 3a CTBAparbe SajeqHHUKe jy>HOCTO- BeHCKe KibKeBHOCTH. 1836. ropHHe OHH cy 3a KIBWKEBHH je3HK y3eNH Hajpacnpo- crpanennje mTOKABCKO HApedje HjeKABCKOT H3TOBOpA, Koje je KaO KHWKEBHH jesHK Beh GUI noTBpheHo y Goratoj AYSpoBayKoj KrbIDKeBHOCTH. 38. Boba maupcKor noxpera, xiswxenunk Jby eeu Taj (18091872), cam pobenm xajxapany, seh om 1836. roqmne cpoje ,HoBuHe xpratcKe™, Koje cy HoTala W3na3sune Ha KajKaBCKOM, MOUMHe urraMmaTH Ha WTOKaBcKOM. Basch ce je3HKOM H npazonucom, on je jo 1830. npenmoxKHO TlojeqHOCTaBMHBare xpRaT- cke maTuHnue (Kpaiixa ocuosa xopsailicko-caosexcKola itpasouucara), a ynop- HUM paylOM cTeKao GpojHe npucranmue u cnenGeRUKe (B_ baGykuh, A. Maxypa- unh, V1. Kykyssenuh, M. Maxypannh ap ), Koja cy yanHunH ja co HOBH KEbH- XXeBHH je3HK CHIOjH Ca TPaRMIHjOM HTaKO MOCTaNe OMIUTH KiGIKERHH jeaHK Xpp: Ta, KOjMM cy OHH 3aMCHHIIN CBOje patiHije KIBIKEBHe jesHKe, 3acHOBAHE Ha YaKaB- CKOM H KajKaBCKOM Hape4jy, OAH. Ha WTOKaBCKOM Hape4jy MKaBCKOr H3FOBOpa, H Koj ce of upyre nonopHHe XIX BeKa KON HX HasHBAO H xpeailicxu uau cpucKu jesur. 4. CPIICKM KIbYOKEBHH JESHK Y XIX HW XX BEKY 39. Ox Bykope pedopMe mu waupckKor moKpeta nam KisWKeBHH jeIHK Ce 3aCHHMBA Ha HaPOAHHM TOROPHMa HOBOUITOKABCKHX qUjane- kaTa HjeKa8CKOr H EKABCKOT H3TOROPA, KOjMt 3axBaTajy Hajnehut qeo jesMuKe TepH- Topuje. ¥ mpyroj nonoruun XIX peka HoBM, 2ajeqHWMKH KHIDKEBHH je3HK yuBp- uthueao ce jemarHomhy KrswKeBHMKa 1 GuNOmOTa, jesH4KOM TIpaKCOM H TeOpH|- CKMM pa3MaTpaibuma _ t. 2430). Kako je w3Meby ocHmpaya Tora je3nKa, Byxa Kapaguha mmmpana, y cxBarary KibixeBHOr je3vka Guo pasmuKa, pasymmuno je muro ce y MeNHHH Tora KiswKeBHOr jesHKa pasBuljajy M napecHe mOCeGHOETH, Koje 3aBHce Of HcTOpHjcKOr HM KyNTypHor pas- Boja. Mako ce KmbWKeBHM je3HK pa3BHjao Ha wcTO} OcHOBM, XpBaTCKH wMMpun OMIM cy 3a TO Ja OCHOBa 3a HeTORO Gorahere, OcHM Hapoguor, Gye H jeamk ua npouniocrn, npe cneya jesnk 1y6poBauke KroIxeBHOCT XV—XVIII weKa (8 7. 3538). Byk Kapaynll je ty ocHony puyteo caMo y HaposHom jeanKy Hy jesuky Hapotunx yMorRopuHa. Te paanuKe, MebyTHM, He Merajy ctpykTypy (ca- crag) Tora je3mKa. One cy yriapHoM Bie y s1eKcHUM (peuHHKy), a pasyMibuBe cy ¢ 063HpoM Ha BpNO pasaMTHY KynTypHy HCTOpHjy Hapoga Koj ToROpe cpmcKoxp- 18Cee ere rr rr ee BaTCKHM jesHKOM. 3aTHM, NocToje pasiHKe y OAHOCY Mpema cTparuM pesmma: ¢ 0G3upoM ila ucropuiy, Kox CpGa uma Bue TypuNsaMa, a Kon Xppara Be HO3aj- MHUa H3 CIIOBCHCKHX je3i1Ka, HapOuHTO HOxeMH3aMa (TO3ajMHIta H3 eINKOr” jesHKa). Y apyroj noaosnun XIX Beka y xppatcKoj KHbWKEBHOCTH HMa MHOTO MOHapo- }uBaiba CTpaHHX K CTBapaiba HOBHX ped, LOK ce Kon Cp6a 3a Here TojMone BRUTE ynorpe6mapajy ctpane pevn (3 Hema%Kor, ¢pakityckor HT2,). 40. Kpaj XIX « novetax XX weka nowenu cy nojayane Bese Mehy cpnckum 1 | —r—~—~—~w—~—C—C—C—C“"=E™"sCs—C“‘ =" | y HeTHHH, HUME ce 3ajenHRaKn KYHKEBHH je3HK GoratHo H3 PasHoBpcHux w3BOpa | ca yene Tepntopuje Ha Kojo} ce TOBOPH cprcKOxpBaTCKUM jesHKoM. ToMe je 0- | TpHHeo H KUBOT Y 5ajenMMNKO} Apxasu, JyrocaapHj, HacTastoj nocne T eBeTCKOr pata, Kao H 3ajemmIMIKH KHBOT M KYATYpHH pasBoj Mocue II cBeTeKor para y «ene- panvoj upxanH, Koja je OcHrypana HecMeTan pageHTaK H CRAM jIpyruM jesHTUMa Koj ce ¥ #0} ronope. 41, Ca raequurta Haye 0 jesuxy, no weroBoj crpykrypx {(cacrasy) — cpoue- THU, rpaMaTHiKHM O6THUMMA, CHHTAKCH, TBOPGK peyH H Hajschem eny pesHMKa — cpnekoxpratckn Kinirxenm jesux y XIX u XX pexy je jena werH jesnk cayrte re ce Me ToBOpH H MANE, Ox je ekaBcKOr H HjeKaBCKOr H3TOBOpa H HMA nga ritema — hupiimuy 1 vaTaHany. O7 1960. roaune y ynorpeGu je H sajemHHuKH Mpasoituc cpiicxoxpeaiuckoia (oguocuo xpeailickocpiicxoia) KreusKesnoi jesuxa, KOM nponucyje pasHonpasHy ynorpe6y npajy KibykeBHOjeSHKKX H3TOBOPA HM ABajy mucama. Y nojenuiim kysitypHuMm OGsacTHMa UIMpoM cpncKoxpBateke jesHuKe Te- putopuje, 3asHcHo og mpeosaabyjyher wsrosopa mpe cBera, KiswKeBHE jesHK he Guru win ekancku (y Hajsehem zeny CpOuje), mm ujexascku (y LIpHoj ropu, wen0- sua Cp6uje, Xprarckoj n Bocu n Xepuerosunn). Takobe he, sabncwo off rpa- amupije, Here mpeornabuwaru Kao MucMo natmmma (y Xpparcko)), Herme hupitH- ua (y Cp6uju, Upuoj opi), a verge he ce nogjemtako veero ynorpeOmmanaru 1 jeauo u apyro mucmo (y Bocru « Xepuerosumm). Fpupogio, 1360p usroBopa (e- KaBCKOF WIK HjeKaBcKor) 1 mHeMa (AUPHNIHUE WIN aTHHHUe) OcTABILEH je CHOGOT- Hoj BOmH TOjenHHUA 42. Cpnckn kiswKesnm (wm crannapaun) je3Hk, Kao OnurTH je3MK MpH nagunka Hawie jesH4Ke BajeqHMUe, 3acHOBaH je Ha yraphenum donercKuM, Mop- (POAOWIKHM, TSOPGCHAM H CHHTAKCHYKHM OOpacyuma. Tu OGpacuu HHe HOP MY KHHXEBHOT JE3HKA, CHCTEM MpaBuna O6aBesHAX 3a CBE OHE KOjH THM je- 34KOM Fopope H MAY H MpeMa KOjAMa ce OuleHYje Upaeuanocid HK Heupacuanocia jesnuxor wapasa. Tako je Gonedicxa yopma nponicana Ha4MH usroBapara (M TH ‘cawsa) raacosa, na he Henpasuina OuTH OHM OONMUM Y KOjuMa ce yMecTo MpomH- caHux jasmajy ApyrH rnacosM, Ha mpuMep, Henpasunno he 6utH Aapaiia ymecto uapaiia, sagan yMecto xaagan, pagujo ymecto paguo. Mopdoaowxa nopma je Kao OGnMKe KHLWxKeBHOr je3HKa, Ha NPHMep, YTBPAHNA OOsMKe 3. AMMA MHORNHE Npe- seuTa: deky, eoae, page, na he uenpaswann Gurn OGNMNH dey, Bory, pagugy, KojH ce Haase y 1ojemMMM HapojHHM roBOpHMa, Kao ITO he HenpaBwIHM OMT OONHIH: aruba gaj mene; gao cam webe, KojM NpemcTasmajy AujaneKTH3Me Nema KRWxeB- HojeswakuM oGmMuuMa, Cunmaxcuuka Hopma je yispawia na crannapaun o6ANK wspaxanaia panise Koja ce BpLIM Hanopeno c BPeMeHOM ToBOperba Moxe GNTH caMo MpesenT rnarojia Hecspurenor Bupa, Ha MpuMep, — JTonasum!, Te he y TO} | cuTyauujM npesenr rnaroma capuienor Buga — Loken! Guru orpeutese 0 HOpMy Orpemrere 0 cHHTaKcH4Ky HOpMy 6uhe H JloKaTHB THNa Buo cam y wKoay yMecto Buo cam y woau. 43. Konuko je Hopma Hauier KWitkesHor je3uKa crpora Kana cy y nuTamy onetcku (H mpasonucHH), MoposOUIKH H CHHTAKCHIKH CHCTEMI jesuKA, TONMKO 19 |je enactuusa y aapany npapua 3a y OT peGy peun, y T3B, weKcH¥KOM Hop- Muparsy. To je 4 mpapomuo, c 063HPOM'Ha TO a ce OMMITHM KibiKEBHHM je3HKOM TOBOPH K 0 CBIKOMHEBHAM TIOCLOBHMA, HO MHOFHM Hay4HHM, TeEXHHYKHM, APYUITBE- MMM 1 MpHpOgHAM TeMaMa, Kao WITO ce Taj jesHK KOpHCTH y Mpoan HIM noesHjA YMeraHuKe KisixesHocTa. H360p ped saseuhe om Tora aa nM je texct mpHmone- hauKe HAW HecHHYKe MPupone, 1a 1H je TO YMeTARNKO HK, Hay4HO, OfHOCHO CTPYY Mo caonutreme HT. C 063KpOM Ha TO, paayMmuBo je UITO cy y pexHuKy (eKcHUH) kibi>KeBHOT je3HKa JlOnytITeHe M crpane PewH W PEM H3 MOjeMMHHX HapogHUX ropopa (fujameKara), Kao M apXan3MH, am HapaBHO, c MepoM Kojy cim mucar oapebyje, Gorarehu cnoj m omurrit jesn4kn H3pa3. 44, Pacaojapawe jesuxa. — Kao wiro ce jesnuka Wea Ha KOjy HasHBaMo CPNCKOXppaTcKH HaPORHM j€3MK TOKOM MHOTHX BeKOBA, jleOBaleM MUTpa- uuja, orpanvaparsem KOHTaKaTa 360r cheyfanHMX Toslena, reocpusH4KUM Mpenpe- kama (HeMpoXosHe nNaHMHe, KTAHUM, PeKe H cn.) MOJenina — pacnojuna — Ha Hape4ja, aopaua AujameKTe K roBOpe Kao cuTAMje AenoBe (B. 7. S—~ 17), TaKo ce HY KibwXEBHOM jesHKY, KOjHt je HOYER of NOTOBHHE XIX weKa NO6HjeH cranzapmasaunjom (qecbunicaren H yrapbuBarbeM HOpMe), j¢3M4Ka We HHA octpapyje y BHure BHjOBa, [lo saKOHMMa KOjH Bpene 3a CBAKH NpUpoAHH jeanK, 1 Haul KiIDKEBHM jesMK ce pacmojaBa, Tj. y memy ce crBapajy je- 3HYKH CHOjEBR, KOjK ersucrupajy jenHOBpeMeHo ca WeMMHOM, y HeHIM OKBH- puna 3a pasmaky of pacnojanarba wemune HapogHor jesuka Ha Hapesja u mutjaneKre, oso pacojanarse SacHoBaHo je Ha MOCeOHMM YCTOBHMa OCTBapHBarba 1e~ JOBATOT KHMKeBHOT jesuKa Ha OMPeheHOj TEPH TOP jx ca cheundHunHM caBpeMeHuM KysITYpHO-HCTOpHjcKUM pasBojem, 3aTHM — wa ynOTpeOu omMTer KIM 2keBHOF je3uKa y OapebeHuM pa3THYHTHM APYMTBEHUM CHOjeBUMA M, Hasan, Ha ynOTpeOM KibwKeBHOF jesHKa MpeMa MPeAMCTY H MeTORY Muturs ia. C oG3upoM Ha one TpH rpyne yenoBa, yaHMa ce ja cy Hajsnavajunje Kareropije paciojasaiea water KrbinxeBHOr jesuKa: (1) TepsTOpHjanHo pacnojaparse, ca cBoja Ba Bia — AujaneKaTcKHM m BaprjanTauM; (2) comjasHo pacnojapaibe, Koje jaje paste CO MMO e K Te H (3) byHKIMOHATHO pacnojanare, koje aje paste @yHKUMOHANHe CrHmOBe KHIDKEBHOT je3HKa 45. (1) Tepuropujanuo pacaojasame. — (a) Teputopn- janHo-AMjanekaTCKO pacaojaBawe je ocrsapmwame onurrer KBN- XKepHOT je3HKa Ha NOjemWHHM jHjaneKaTCKHM Nogpy4juMa. OHO ce ormeqa HajBuule y oxernun (poxonornjn), ump., y wsroopy rmacopa, y akWeHTORAHKY peuM, oncy- crpy cboneMa W.1H y wHXOBOM 3aMeruBary. Tako he peummo pew maéKo, Bedipag, ypénurs H Ipyre ¢ cpoHeMOM ¢ y HoHMa JOCTa PasnHHTO HaTORApATh FOBOPHHLM C togpysja Hama, Beorpaga 1 CySormne. Kipinkesoje3i%ko ¢ y iauMa apTuKynuica- he ce og 3aTBopeHOr e AO cpesrbe OTROpeHOT, Ta H 70 BPM OTBOpeHor e*. MH he, peuHMo, ronopHMun 43 Bykonor Tpuiuha MopaTH fa BPHO MaKIbHBO MOTPe Ha H3- TOBOP CyrnackHKa x, jep ¥ CROMe HaposHOM ToBOpy Te chorieMe HeMajy H Texe 1a KibIDKeBHO|eIHUKE OOMUKE xpana, GOSpixx, nOjiix WarOBOpE KAO pana, Go6PH, Koji Victo raxo, rosopiuum Kisirxestior jesuKa y Capajeny, mim Sarpe6y Mo- pahe na o6pate naxmy Ha cboneme 4 mf, fa Ov Mx H3rORapanH y NOsHU- jama Koje Bpene 3a HeTHHY KibikeRHOr je3HKa, Kao uITO he roBopHMUM H3 HHjaNe- KaTa H roBopa Ge3 YeTBOPOAKKeHATCKE CHCTeMe MOpaTH fla Boe PadyHa O AaKUCHTY pews, win he Hx WSTOBApATH Ca CHO]HM, HEKISIOKCBANM, aKUICHTOM. TepwropujanHo-qujateKatcKo pacnojasamse ornena ce uy Mopdomornjn, ‘THOPOH POE H CHIKTAKCH, KAO Hy PedHHKy (neKcHuM). TaKo, TepHTOpHjanHo-uja- NeKATCKH CnOj YHOCH Y KHHXKBHH jC3HK H MoceGHE per HOH AT He UpTe, HCNOH- ‘TaHo, cnysajo yHeTe, an H HaMepHo. To MOxeMO lOKa3aTH Ha NpHMepHMa ‘B. 20Jaxuiuha, J. J. 3Maja, C. Cpemua, B. Crauxossha, B. onmha, M. Behxosuha, M. Kpsexe, Ba. Hasopa, J. Mitxantosuha, 38. Majxaka yp. Ta a micaua Kao urro je Miso Auspuh. Tpit Tome, c o6sHpom Ha pasBuTaK [pyliTBa, TepHTOpHjAmHO- squjaneKarckn cio} uma M ceocke (pypanne), 1 rpancKe (ypOane) noceduoctu. Ha Tpuep, nopeherem seKcuke, OGANKA peut H cHHTAKCHYKUX KOHCTpyKuUHja ¥ MpO- an, Ha HpMep, JI, Mlonosnha a M. Kartopa omnike oBa j[sa TocmemHa TOMeHYTa cuoja ako he ce younTH Y nehum temHasa nocMarpaHo, TepHTopHjanHo-AujaeKaTcKO pacnojanarse naje KibiXCBHO|C3HKe HIPASC, HH THIIOBE KIGIDKEBHOT je3UKa, KO}M CY KapakTepHt- CTHMHM 3a je3HK PeaTH3OBAH OKO Be THK MX KYSITYPHMX cpequUtTa Ka UITO cy Ha CPIIcKOXpBaTcKOM je3H4KoM nonpysjy Beorpag ca Honus Canom, Capajeno, 3: rpe6, Tlogropuua, anu u apyra TakBa cpeqMurTa, perMoHamHe mpupore. 46, (6) Tepuiitopuja no-capujantino pacaojasarve je octeapuBarse ontTer cpHickoxpear cxor KibWpKenttor (craiulapinor) jea4Ka, TOBOPHOT Ht MICAHOr, Ca OHNM TlOCEOHOCTHM KOje Cy Be- ane 3a pasnitnT HcTopnjckit pa3uo} Wa pO K& Koju FOROpE HCTHM jesHKOM Ht SHH je 3ajeMHHN- Kit KiGICKeDH jesink sdcHOBAN Na BaPOAIWHM FOBOPHIMA HOBOUITOKABCKHK sUHjaneKara o ByKOB pedbopme 1 uaupexor noxpera (B. 1 39—42) no patie. C oGaupow Ha To (Ha noceGwe APYMITBE- Ho-noMITHIKe, Repexe, HALWOHANKE H upyre YonoBe, Ha jesHKa OKPYXeTba APYEUX HapOna), CpnickoxpHarcKH xieioxCHHM je3HK HON CC Ha AE BapHjawiTe HAM BRIA, ONN. Ha ABA craWAApsNa (kisiexepua) jesika — CPheKkM H XpRALCKM. PasMKSHTOCTH Meby UMA, HapaBHo, harasHMo MY PoueTHUH (owoxorH|u): yea — wyXA, gysan — gran; cio — Giuo1, olwutiuna — ouhuna, xesiuja — Keuuja; eapeapcxu — Oapoaperu, Kacelwa — Kasetia Won; y MOpOAOTH|H Ca TROPGOM pPe4M: guarouaia — guinowata Gponta — Gpontia; iporpecopxa — tipodpecopuua; claygentuxursa — citygeniauua; oplanuso- bala — opianusupatin; a6 rengovatitu — abnengaiiau; caspenenuk — cyépemenux C3 HY Swuraxen: Jay ge gohen n Ja hy gohu —(eano}/a hy gots Suga ce xyha — Suge ce 47. Paanuxe, Kat je pevo owetHun, Mopcosormjn, reop6w pe- uu W CHHTAaRCH BpIO cy Mare, ITO Huje HH HeOOwIKO HH HeOweKHBAHO, jep je ped O jeanom jeau4kom cuctesy Hero opent usa npasonnc (Kojt je, yoctazom, ox 1960 T jockopa Guo sajenun4KH, BT. St). Behe pastnke wanasHno camo y peaHHK y, (nexenus), uro je pasysbiE0 ynpaRo c OGampOM Ha TpanNue KyNTYpA, PemMrHja W ApKaKA Koje c¥ ce mporezaie oBuk MpOCTOPHMa TOKOM wile BeKOBA To he Ce, TaKO, OrNeRATH y MuneHINDL ja Ce MCT NO}MORKE y PAINHOHUTAM CpemtUFIaMA O3tasaRajy KIM CACHAM PASMIHTHM, Henn paaanno rpabenune pownsia (excemasa), a MpuMep: aioidexa — wexapna, Weaelpas: — 6pa0jae, umocupanciuso — unosexciaso; adpuxa — iusopruua; wiauka — Mucak; yi cox — gojan; xauuna — chipoj, sasepa — ypolud; Honasmatiu — ohemosatliu; MyauKa — inas6a; toguurouya — o6melanuya; Apegyacke — Rogysehe 48. (2) Commonext, wim comujanum mujaneKar, ocr peise je omurer KHwKesKor (craHaapaHor) jesHKa SacHOBaHO Ha ToceGHO- CruMa NOjeqHHUX cTojeBa JIpyUITBA KOjH, HHAYe, TOBOPC OMIITHM KIKMKEBHHM (crannapaus) jesuxom. Tu ciojenu cbopmupajy ce mpema o6pasopaiby, mpoecu, hpema flony, npewa HayHAY KUBOTA IpHANHMKa THX VAUX SajeqHMUA MyM. HeKa Wuxona jesuwKa OcrBaperba Nlo3HaTa cy ¥ HayUM O jesHKY H Kao seapionu, jesunM Mak WOCTa yslameHH Of CTaHRapaHor je3Hka (MoceGHO y meKCHMUIt) ‘Onurra Kapaktepuctuka com OMe KTA jecTe fa je TO jesMK KojM mpeysu- Ma 13 KIBIEXEBHOF jesHka NOTTYHY oueTHky, Mopdonorujy W cHHTaKcy, 6e3 neBH- jamja, am Ha Ne KCHUKOM HMBOY ce pacnojana y Blue cnojeBa, Tako he OGpasoRaHiH WysM, SABUCHO Of CBO}UX YaHX, Hajyeuthe mpodbecuoNAMTHMX, cpemHHA, heropah jesHaKH H3pa3 TAKO CTPOTO ja H Y CBAKOAHCBHO] HHXOBO} KOMYHHKAlNjI4 Ma OINKe OjroBapajyher ¢byakunowannor crasta (B. T, 49). C apyre etpaxe, Hy ‘Tome cilojy — 3aBHcHO Of Y3pacTa, Nopene Ha cTapHje H Maabe WON MHOFHX APYrHX unHHrana — uMahemo H choGonHMjH oHOc TIpema ynorpe6u peym (Irpema zeKcH4- 21Koj Hopma). Yonurre y3esum, HanasuheMo coumoneKTe y KOjMMa Ha eKCHYKOM HMBOY HMaMO M BeMMKHX, Na H Kpajibux cnoGona. Oue ce ornenajy, Ha mpuMep, y jabaiby peuwMa sHaueta Koja Oe HeMajy HHade y Hamem jesHky (cipawna npen- craba = ,ogauuna npepcrapa*; yila6aau cy ra = ,,dipeiiyxau cy ra“). Ann ce ornenajy y TROPOH KanKOBAa, OAH. y yBObery y HCKa3 CrpaHHX peau y OONUKY KOjHt nuje ceojereen Hautem jesnky (1inp., Buaucno y Wom guexahy. Cy wep cmo ce tposeau = ,,Buau cao y tion gucko-Kay6y. weno cso ce tiposeau") Tlo3waruju cy conmoneKTH neKapa, anBoKaTa, BOjHHKa, pyxapa , youurTe, Tpyna npanagHuKa nojesumx mpodpecija. Meby wuma, no cno6onH ouoca npema YHOTpeOM peu H HHXOBOM 3HaueHY, H >Kapron baka u crytenara (Yuuau cao y wer0eoj Laj Gu = ,,Yuuau cao y weeoeom ciany“; Ownciiuo cam upey loguny = ,,tTo0%uo cam cee ucttuitie ca I 20gune ctayguja”). 49. (3) yukynonanno pacnojaname. — Kiwxesnn cpnickn je3uk ce, Hajsaq, ocTBapyje My T3B. PYHKUMOHANHUM CTHMO- BIMa_, KOjH ce ogpebyjy Hajeuthe npema npeaMeTy M MeTORY MMULTBeHA, H KOjHX MMa BHUIe BpcTa Meby cbyHkqvoHanaHM cranosyMa OGHHO ce pasiHKyjy: (1) Pasrosopun je3HKk, Koju je cpencrso caakognesnor cnopasyme- Baba H KOjH ce OMMMKYje YUM H3OGOPOM sleKcuKe (O6INO je OHA BE3aHA 3a CBAKO- ANeBHe >KUBOTHE CHTYaNHje), HOjeAHOCTABMEHOM CHHTAKCOM PeHCHUNIe, H3TOBOPOM TmacoBa KOjH ce He Mopa NOAYAApaTH ca OHHM Koj je YrapheH 4a KIBIDKEBHM jC3HK (1 Koja je oOusHo sachopaH Ha waroBopy yixe jeaMuke cpequse Kojo} ToBopHHK mpunaya); Q) aaMunuctpaTneun (KanyenapHjckn wim ypeacKn) THA — ocrBapetse je3uKka KOje ce oysuKyje ynorpeGom yeramenor pena peyH, YcTa/beHHX peveHHla H H3paza, H360POM PCH Koj je OrpaHuUeH penaTHoUthy OMX Koj KOMyHMMpajy, OHOCHO NpeAMeTOM caonmiTeHa; (3) nyOauuucTH4KM (HOBMHApCKH) cTHa, — jeamuKH wapas © KPaTKOM Pe4eHHUOM M W360POM PeyH Koje cy NO3HaTe mMpeM Kpyry uMTanala (u cnyurataua) pasnuuirror oGpazonarba; (4) way4un (3HancTBeNM) CTHA, KOjH ce OAMHKyjc PeueHHUOM Ho- apebeHoM MorH4HoM pasMHULbarby, sINIIeHOM ocehajHocrH, H H360pOM pean KojH 3aBHCH O; NpewMeTa caonurTeHa, C THM LITO je BENHKH Gpoj HHXOB 13 TePMAHONO- Tuje fate Haysue, ONHOCHO crpyuHe OGnaCTH; (5) KihuxKeBHO-yMeTHHYKH CTT, —crOxeHO ocrBapere jesuKa, KapakTepucTHYHO To TOMe uITO cHaja BMINe THMOBa OCrBaperba onurTer jesHKa ca HUJMBHLYATHUM CTHTOM TOBOPHAKORHM (IHUINeBHM); TPH YeMy TOBOPHAK (nucat) cBojy Nopyky H3paxkaBa je3M4KHM cpeycrBHMa Koja he cayuaouy (wHTaouy) Hajyac- uaTsbuBHje Mpukaszarn mpeaMeT nopyKe. Tome sajatky HompebeHH cy H360p pen, crpyktypa pevenmue u wapaza. O6UsHO ce oBaj CTHT feNM Ha MecHUYKH (ToeTcKH) & IpHnoBegayKu (HapaTHBHH) 50. Onur kibinxesHH cprickH jeauK, aja, uma HM cRoje He- craugapauc BapHje Tete (nonepcre). Opn sapyjererH kibixkeBHor jesnKa Hemajy OWTpy rpariity HH Mpema omurTeM KibiDKCBHOM (craHjlapaHOM) jesuKy, HH npeMa TeputopHjanHo-qujaneKarckom cnojy Tora jesnka. Fojapmyly ce, npe cBera, y pa3roBOPpHOM jeauky, ITO 3Ha4M fa HX CTRapa NOje AM HAL y pasnnaH- TM cuTyayujama Ha mpumep, wa Yacy mctopaje, xa npodpecopono murawse ,Koju cy oGaux eaagasune [pyu nasueanu tiupanujom?* — yyeuuk A he opropapaTH TaKo iro he ce TpyAHTH Ja TOBOpH peyeHBHAMa H peyHMa Koje je pe Tora 4yo og npocecopa, of. npoumrao y yuGennKy. =A> ,,T.punt cy @upanujom wasupann cucrem BalayaBMHe jenHe AWHHOCTH, TO jecr onakky Bnanapiy KakBy je 3aneo ConoHos pobax Musuctpar, aga je nercTo ime3jeceTe rouse mpe HOBe epe poulao Ha BNacT. . .* Tipu rome, on he ce tpyaura 1 sla My HHTOHAMja peYeHUNe, HBFOBOP H AaKUE- nar peau Gyny y urTo Behoj carnacHocTw ca MpaBHsIMMa KibWKeBHOT je3HKa. CC mpyre crpane, ner yuenHk A, y cuTyauNja Kaa Ha HCTO TIMTaHe, Mpex yac, ofroBapa cBOMe Apyry, YYeHUKy B BepowaTuo he To HcTO HcKa3aTH ypyK4Hje, peuumo y copa: ‘A: ,[la, go6po ge, Hau Beh: THpainja, Wo je Bnacr jeqHor Huila, jennor yoseka, ono: Cononoor pobaka, onot [Iusucrpara, KojM je ecto wecetie npe Hope epe Owd Ha BiacT . . .“ Vspehu he, nase, ncka30M Koj uMa YMeTHyTHX peu M pesna (a, goopo ge), ca May3oM W3a Tupanuja W ca HeNOTPEGHOM MOKA3HOM saMeHnUOM io, 7). ca HienloTpe6Ho yawo|eHUM cyjeKTOM pevenue (,,Tupanuja, Uo je BracT jeAHOr 4ORC- ka. . ."), Ca CyBHMIHUM rloKa3HHM 3aMeHHUaMa (HOt), Ca %KapTOHCKOM HMeHHIOM iiuil y mavewy ,sosex“. Hajsan, wspehu he ope pevennie soKanHHM AujaeKaT- CKHM H3TOBOPOM: ‘écio wéceilie (roAMHe) MeCTO KESIDKEBHOje3HIKUM Wédicilio weagécéré (romunie), gould MECTO goUwido, KAKO Nponucyje HopMa H cn. 51. Hecranjapsun sapujerern KibwKeBHOF jeauKa, Nake, yKYYYjy H YTHLAj MjamekTa (Moce6HO y H3rOBOpy H akyeHTy), aN camprxKe H jesHYKe enemeHTE KojM ce paciipocrapy HHO mMpeM MpocTpancTRy cpncKora jesn- xa. M70 noceGuo y ynorpesu pea (y ne KC HUH). ¥ BaHCTaHjapAHOM BapHjere- ry Tako hemo uyTi: 6paou M. cae), -a, -e; C MPHIBYKOM BysITAapHocTH — ogatetau M. yapetiiu (WIM cBevaHOr Epemunytau); cnoGonanje ynoTpeGmeHo ¢burypaTHBH s6pucaiiu M. Uobehu, masnyttu M. ygapuidu, tipehu nexola M. Upesaputiiu Hexota; nahn hemo, 3aT#M, HeyMeperly ynorpeGy crpanux nexcema: E cx uéup ao je cy- cpei M. His6elao je cycper; Kpeaiy pa M. Hakaza, Kao H ynorpeOy ApyrHx bappapH3Ma: Wodauuxauuja (c HeMoryhom KOMGuRauUKjOM ,.JoMahu mpagen* + crpann cycuKc), Moaum jegan koaau 3a Lone WU M CAMYHO. Hecrangapaum sapujereru jesnka, Gw10 ga cy ca npeosnabyjyhum noKasHHM aujanexatckuM (pypanHuM Him ypGaHuM) eneMeHTHMa, GWI0 fa y UMA TIpeoBa- byje mpocbecnoHanHM wa KaKaB [pyr eneMeHaT, KapakTepucTH4HM MIpBO 3a TO - BOPCHH jesnK, ynaze HY MHCAHM je3HK, Y KiBDXeBHA flea, Npo3sHa H MeCHHY- ka. Kaga je 10 caysaj, 7 Bapujerern ce yrapbyiy Hy PyHKUMOHANHHM CTHNOBNMA, OHNMA KOjH OOyxBaTajy GeneTpHCTHKY Benwkn eo nurama y Best ca paciojapaibem, yKOMHKo ce roBOpH O yrloTpe 6u peun (seKcema) y jesnky, oGpabyje ce y normanny JeKcukKomoruja (noce6no T. 378—390). 52. ¥ Jyrocnanuju, kao pumienaynonanno} sajeqnmun, y ynorpeGu je epnicKK KIGIDKEBHM je3HK, XPBATCKH Kao 4 jesHU HAPOTHOCTH (= HANMOHATHHX MaHHHA, no MebyHaponvioj TepManionorujHt) KOje 2uBe Y Ho] — aNGaHcKH, Gyrap- cKM, MabapcKM, PYMYHCKM, PYCHHCKH, CHOBAYKH M TYD- KM, ond. erHuuKnx rpyna (poMmcKH) Y ynorpeou u paspojy CBX OBMX KIbKEBHUX jesuKa ormena ce cHoGonaH paseo] HauMOHATHHX MHAMBHAYaMHOCTH, OHIO sa Ce TOTHYHHM jesHKOM cayxH jena Hapos, GunO ja ce jenHUM je3IKOM cnyxkH Bue Hapona. CnykGeHy yrtorpe- Gy (i cny:xGene HasuBe) jesnka ompebyjy 3aKoMN nojequAHX penyGnuKa y KojuMa ce joruuHHM je3HKOM rosopu. Micro Bpesm m 2a nucMo (hupHAMNy m naTHHHUy, Kal je pe 0 cprickom jesuky). ¥ Casesnioj PenyOmmum Jyrocnapujn cny:kGeun jesuk je cplick eKaBcKor H UjeKapcKor wsroBopa, a cmykGeHO Memo hupHTMNA 235. TIPEIMET TPAMATHKE CPHCKOrA KIBVXKEBHOT JE3HKA 53. Tpamaruka cpnexora KisikeBHOr je3nKa mpoy4asa u omucyje yrBp- enn xisiKeBHM (cramMapmHH) je3HK, Koju je cpeCTBO ONMTemA ycBHM oGnacTAMa KHBOTA, ¥ CbaKORHEBHO} KOMYHHKaulntj1, y pagHHM enaTHOCTHMa: npoH- SROMtH MaTepHjanHHX, HAYSHHX, KyNTYpAHX ROGapa. Kako je Ham KrbuKeBEM je3HK 3acHOBAH Ha BPO LMPOKO} HujaxeKaTcKO} HapoAHOj OCHOBU, HeroBa rpaMaTHka je MW MECTPYMeHT Be3uBaibAa je3MKA CBX KYNITYPHHX [eNaTHOCTH Ca TOM TIMpOKOM je- SHYKOM OCHOBOM H HHCTPYMeHT paapujaiba H YcappuraBaiba jesHuKor u3pasa Orkpusajyhu « ytsphyiyhu jesmuka npapuna, rpamatixa ce 6aBH cBAM je swaKno jeaHHuama. Oua npoyyasa OCHOBHY jeaMHHny KOjOM ce H3HOCH HIM TpaxH oGaneuiTeme — pexeHHUy, Hee aenoBe H CTPYKTYpy 10 Kojoj ce TH ZeNOBH yKa~ najy y wy. [pamaraka yraphyje crpyktypy Marx ropopHHx jennuua — pean, Houxone OGsuKe, byHKunjy y PexeHMust H jesHxy y WeAMHLM, CTPYKTYpy pews, npasuaa Taop6e pew, KAO M MpaBiia crBapatka raacoBa H HUXOBE cayKEe KAO jesHUKHX Jeanna y onurrewy (komyxnKannjn) Mehy carosopuunuma. C 063HpoM Ha npen- MeT y UCAMHH, H Halla rpaMaTHka uMa yoruajere O6nacTH: doneruxy (ca hoxo- xorajom H MopmpopouOmorHjom), Mopdonorniy, TROPGY pew Hu cHHTAKcy, y KOjM- Ma mpoy¥ana oxropapajyhe jesuuKe jenuuune 6. TPAMATHKE MH PESHMUH KIbWOXKEBHOr JE3HKA 54, Hopmaruua rpamatuxa ce awn qecunucamem npapia jesuKa Kao cpencTsa 3a cnopasyMcparse CBHX YAaHioRa sate jesHuke sajeqnuue. Tum Tep- MHHOM Ce 30Be CBaKa [paMATHKa KOja, Ha OCHOBY 10BO.6HO MCPMHOF onuca ca- Bpemexor jesu4Kor cTaiba, omucyje mpapiiaa KwwKeBHOT (cTaNmapaHor) jesuKa Oryaa cy, noves oa Byxa Cr. Kapauuha 4 iaupaua, a TpaMataxe HaMemene 11KO- slama 3anpago ¥ @yHKuKja HopMaTHBHe rpamatHke. TIpHposHo, one ce ocraibajy Ha HOPMATHBHe TpaMaTHKe Hay4He MpHpose, ca HajnoTnyHHjMM aeduAnunjama Mpapiuia H atannsama jesnuKe rpafe ca uiro je MoryhHo wHper jesHuKor noapyyja Ha KOjemM ce ToBOpH Mm Muu cplicKoxpsarcKHM jesHKoM Y XX neky, Ha npuMep, Hajnosnaraje rake rpamatue cy: Tpamaruka mn cTim AHCTHKA XPBATCKOLAa HAH CpncKora jesuKa T. Maperuha, Ha- ctaa Ha Bykosom # Jaawuuhesom jesmiKom Martepijaay, Koja mpenctapa je- 3UYKH CHCTEM HuUXoBe eroxe 40 Kpaja XIX nexa, naauina 1899. y 3arpe6y (npso uanawe, 3a1MM 193]. apyro K 1963 — rpehe uszaiee), aktyemua cBe 0 naNac; 3a- THM BetWKa rpaMaruKa M. Cresavosaha CaspeMeHu cpnckoxppar- cku jesux — Tpamarwuxu cucteM# H KWUKeBHOjesHuKA nopMa I (Beorpag 1964, 1~X+629) ul, Cuntaxea (Beorpan 1969, I— —VIL+ 1-902), koja y apyroj nonopMin Hawera Beka seayje zebuumuijama u anamwsaMa TpaMarHyKMx KaTeropHja uaBeTeHHX u3 jesHuKe rpahe Ueror cpricKo- xpearckor jesnakor noapyyja. Ocum onyx rpamaruKa, saBMcHo ox cpemune, y ynorpedn cy wikoucke rpamatuke: M. Cresanosuh, TpaMatuxka cpicKoxpBaTtcKkor je3uKa 3a cpeaise urkone (Llermte), 1990,,; J. Bykosuh — M. Iluka, Ppa- MaTMKa cpicKOXpBaTcKor jeanKa (Capajeno), 1966; BpaGeu—Xpa- cre—Kupxosuh, Tpamatuka xppatckocpnckora je3amKxa (3a- rpe6), 1961, 1965, 1970, pupy una rpamatwKa XpBaTcKora KwE- 24xe BHOL je3HKa (3arped) 1979, (kao H Behe HoceGHe rpamaruKe C. BaGuha, Teop6a pujewu y xpeaiticxom Krouesnon jesuxy uP. Karuunha, Cunitiaxca xpeati- cxot Kroumesnol jesuka (3arpe6), 1986); M. Kopayesuh, M. Oxyka m mp., Haw jeux, I-IV (Capajeno) 1990—1991 55. Baxkny ynory y HopMupawy u usrpabuparsy KrbwKeBHOr je3HKa umaiy M pe4HHUM, H ‘TO MoceGHO OHM KOjH OGpabyiy rpaby cappe- Menor sajeaHuuKor jesuka, Meby wia je Benmku Pje4uHMK xpBaTCKo- ra un cpnckora jesuka Jyrocnapencke akajemuje 3HaHocTH H yMjeTHO- cxn (Sarpe 1880—1976), Kojn je muchopmariman pewHMK 3a crapuja pasqoGma jesu- xa (10 XIX eka), anv W HOpMaTHpat 3a mepHion of Byka xo Januunha n name, AaKile MY HalLIeM BEKY, H KOjM CBOjKM capxajeM, HBBOPHMa H cpenICTBUMa Mpyxa MoryhHOCTH OcTBapHBarba KOHTHHYMTeTa, Tj. MOBesHBaiba crapujux enloxa Haier jeauka ca cappeMeHoM emoxoM. Uctor je saaaja, camo rpahew' wa Marepujany caspemesor 3ajeaunuxor je- 3uka (on Byka M wulMpalia Hagane), M BenuKH PeYHMK CPHCKOXPBaTCKOT KHHKEBHOL HM HapOgHOr jeaHKa CpncKe akagemuje HayKa H yMeT- HocTu, ja je I Ktowra usauua 1959, roqune w anja wspaa jou mpaje (y 1989 Tomunn uaauina je XTV keira, on mpeKo 30 npesBubenux Kiera), KOjM je HME chopwarnnan (c noqanMMa 1 M3 AWjaneKaTa, H 13 CTapHjux ertoxa caBpeMeHor j Ka) H Hopmarunatl, ca rpabow #3 Ucior cpmcKOXPBATCKOT HOAPYia. Ys naserene, Hopmuparsy jesuka yonpaHoce m crapujn pesruun, Hp. By- kos Cpnckn pjesHuK (Kojm ce nojasuo y name n3nama, 1818, 1852, 1898, 1966, 1986), PjewuuK xppatcKkora jesuxa ©, MscKouha i Vi. Bposa (1901) 4 up. Toce6vo je y name yoda aktyenaH PeunnK cpmcKOXxpBaTcKora KmuxeRHOr je3nKa Maruue cpncKe, I—VI (Hopn Can, 1967—1976) 4 Marunte xppareke (I—IT, 3arpe6, 1967), paher mosep- HMM eKCHKOFpaccKUM MOCTYMKOM, ONMICHOr H HOpMaTHBHON Kapakrepa, ca TIpH= MePHMa M3 WleNOF CpncKO-xpBaTcKOr KY/ITYpHOr MOmpyyja 56. Heronamy KibixxeBHOr jeauKa JONpHHOce MHOrO H pewnMMM cTpa- Hux pean, Hajnosnaraja Kon Hac cy: JleKcCHKOH CTPaHHX peu H H3- pasa Munana Byjaxnuje (Beorpax 1980, 1991,) u Benuku pjeunmx crpanux pujeun Bparomy6a Kiauha (Sarpe6, camo yo 1968—4 usqaisa) O6nacr npanonuca (oprorpaduje) oGpabyjy npasonucnn pesmmun (B. v.59). On eTHMONOUIKHX peuHHKa HajnosHaTajn je Tl. Ckoka EtumomorujcKn pjeYHuK XpBarckor um cpnckora je3uka (I-IV, 3a- rpe6, 19711974), cpaseonornjy J. Mateumha, ®pa3zeonomKu PjewHuK XpBatcKor ua cpmcKor je3snKa (Sarped, 1982) TIPABONIHC 57. Tog wasmnoM mpaBonne (oprorpadnja) Hajsemhe ce noypasymena CHCTeM TipaBHaa y micaiby KojuMa ce mponueyjy jeaHooGpasHH HaYHHH ynorpeGe nucmennx (rpacpujckux) 3Hakowa — copa (rpacbema), MHTepnyHKUM|CKHX 3HaKO- na, ckpahenuua 4 jp. OchM Tora, HcTH TepMUH MOxe 3HANHTH Ht caM HaYHH TIHca- toa, TIpasomic Moxke GUTH ETHMONOUIKH H CoHETCKH. a) ETHMOmOUKH (KOpeHCKH) Mpapomuc ceoja mpapuza 3a- chitba Ha Haveny 4ysara MopeKaa pean, npe cBera Koperta (HajMaise jeanuKe jean Huue Koja HeulTo 3Ha4K) a OWA H APyFAX aenoBa peyn (HacTaBaKa 3a OGNHK, Ha- crapaxa 3a rRop6y peu, mpeaMeTaka). Ono cBoje Hayei0 eTHMOOWKH T1paBonMc enpopoaw Hy MMcaiy pasHiix OGMKA jeaHe HCTe peu Hy MucaHby peust Koje Ha~ crajy reop6om. Ha npumep, on nponncyje aa ce y npoMeHH o6aNKa npuyjewa caagax 25Mopa MNcaTK: caagka, caagko, caagkuM, caagku, cAagkux..., Ba 6H ce cayyBao kopent c1ag-. EruMosouikn npawoniic, Taxohe, nponucyje y TBopGH pew Mucawe: usweiaiu, Hoguucaiau, uaosuluba, cOpaliu — PaAK uysara npenaora (npeduKca) 3, itog, ¢, ONMOCHO OCHOBHOT sena Taarona iosuiiu y HsBeneHMMN Koja je TOOHjeHa AonaBaiem eypuxea ~6a. Bek on xpaja XIX pexa opaj ce mpasonuc HM y jeqHOM feny Hauler KiBIKEB- Hor jesnka He mpuwerbyje. Mebyram, mpumewyjy ce y done TC K OM Mpazommn- Cy HeKH Of HETOBHX esTeMeHaTa — OHM KOjH y HEKHM H3y3eHHMa OGes6ebyiy 4yBa- We sHauersa peuH (B. TO; 6) 6) bowercku npasonne caoja npasHna nvcatsa sacHHBa Ha Haveny fla cBaKOM Tulacy y FOBOPY OstFoBApa NoceGaH 3HaK y MHCMY, Te Aa ce y MHCABY oGenexkapa rac KojH Ce Ny je y usTOBOp pewH, a Ne Onaj KOjM Ce SAMM WA y Be3H ca TOpeKNOM peyH Win wena pew. Taxpo O6erexaparbe rsiaca OH Nponucyje Hy MPoMeHH OGAHKa, Hy TROPGM peYH. Tako, (boHeTCKM npaBonne yrBphyje na ce y MpoMeux pewn caagak Mopa TIUcATH: caauiKa, caailiKo, caaiuKUM, CaaiuKu, Cadiz Kux..., jep ce Tako 4yje y H3rOBOpy, NoUlTO ce 3By¥HO g ucrpen GesByyHor K mipetsapa y a. Y reop6H peu, cnaramem M M3BOhemeM, No NpaBHMMa coHeTcKOr Apasonuica mucahe ce: umewaiiu, touiucauu, iaosugéa, s6pauu, jep ce npu cna- Tawy mpemora u3, Uog Mc, KOjM Cy ¥ CROKEHMIM MpEHKeH, ca wemaiiu, Hucauin, Gpaiuu, oAanocHO NPM AOAABAIY cyduKca -Ga Ha THOPGEHY OCHOBY HAoeUITI- y CBHM cayyajesMMma BpUle raacoBHe Mpomene jeaHauena, Koje y pesyntaty aajy apyre THacoBe HAK AOBONE AO Ty6mewa TaacoBa (Nog + nHcaTH > NownucaTH, MAOBH- -Ga > naoBug6a, OH. H3 +mleTaTH > He-WeTaTH > Mw-WeTaTH > MweTaTH). Y cpmckoMe KWwxeBHOM jesHKy coreTeKM mMpanonnc MpuMeryie ce, yrslapHoM, on Bpemewa Byka Cred. Kapaysha, onHoco on xpaja XIX pexa, Hbe- Toba MpaBusa ce OAHOCe Ha NHcaHe Faacdsa y Tpanwuama pew. To sHawH Aa ce Hehe mpuMersnearH 3a nHcaHbe FilacoBa KOjH Ce HYiY Y HSTOBOPY nBejy pew WAKO ce y W3roBopy 3aBpLIMH cyracHMX MpBe jeAHayH M10 SByYHOCTH ¢ MBM TsacoM pyre peun. Tucahe ce: Kog Kyhe, og tpujaite.ea, ¢ Bpaitom uaKo ce 4yje: Kou xyhe, om tpujatiewa, 3 6paiiom Ocum Tora mpanonse eprickora KibIDKeBHOr je3HKa campxKH H eneMeH- Te eTHMONOMIKOT Mpawoniica, KojM Cy yeeTeHH pa YyRaKa sHaveHa peut Tako y cnoxenHM pesuMa ponucyje niicarbe: iipegiaypcKu, wogiieKctd, uociuguitaom cxu, cytaturapan, agxepeniaan, jypucguxuuja; WAM Y BAACTATHM HMeHHIAMa CTpa~ Hor nopekya: Peniaien, Bawuniiaon, onHocao nomahum: Kaguuh (3a pa3iuxy on A. Kasutha), 3a6pgya (3a6pgau). Heka on Takenx oytcrynatba, KojuMa je 3anpxaa esleMeHaT CTHMONOUIKOT MpaBomca, yrphera cy u360r TexIbe sa ce ONyBa TPa- AUUija HeKMX Nompyyja 3ajenANYKOr Kes¥xeBHOF je3HKa (icAHbe gH HeTIped GesBy4- HHX C, > ipagcKu, ipegcegnux, iipegukoacki). Ocunt mpapiina 0 HaNHHY OGenexapatba TacoRa, 0 BPCTAMa NHCMa, MpaBo- HMC CaIpxH MH MpABILIA O MHCAHY BENHKHX HM MATHX ci10BA, 0 CACTABMEHOM HM pa- CTABIBeHOM TIMCaHy peyH, O MHTepHYAKUNjCKMM 3HAKOBKMa, O MHcawy cKpahe- Hilla, 0 H3TOBOPY H Mcaiy HMeHa 13 ApyrHx jesHKa. 58. Ipapouue cpmckoxppatcKkor KwuxeBHOr jeauKa usja 1960. roquue y apa jeniaka wanawa, hupwMskom y Hosom Caay 4 s1atH- HHAKOM y 3arpeGy, Baxehu je mpasonuc m OcHoBa KACHHjux TpaBONNcHHX npApy4- HMKA, YMYTCTaBa 3a NMcalbe, MPABOMMCHUX PeYHHKA H ca. OM UMA CBOja LIKOICKA usjawa. TpaBonue Kao papHonpapna micma 3ajeauuuKor jesuKa yraphyje hupHaMuy H slaTMHMHY, Ba H3rOBOPA — eKABCKH H HjeKABCKH, PaBHOnPABHOCT s1eK- 26CHYKUX MloceGHOCTH Koje MPoucrHuy 13 pasnMYHTHX KYATYPHONCTOPHjcKHX yonoBa (x4e6 — kpyx, xwe6 — kpyx; yilucax —gojam, uosopumiie — xasanuuiie, uidamiia — Wucak), OONRYKUX H THacoBHAX MocebHOCTH (paguhy — paguiii hy, xemuja — xemuja, Kutap — Luuap), nucata crpanux uMeHa 0 Ha3HBa Ha TpakcKpHGoBann naann: Wercuup, Mio, Bauamnimon, « — aytTenTH4no (u3B0pHO, OAK KAKO ce Mile y AOTHYHOM jesmxy): Shakespeare, Hugo, Washington, yomuTasa HeKa TpaAMUHOHATHa PeUleKa, KAO UITO je MHcaHe g KCNpen GesByHRNX CyTAACHAKA cH w: ipegcegnux, ogcjaj, toguuuaiiu, ipeguxoacku, nucawe j Y NpHAeBMMa H3BeTe- HHM HACTABKOM -cku OM MMeHHMA Ha -Wa: wymaguicru, ucwopuieru (xuctaopujcKu) wap. Taxofe, yonurena je sornuka untepnynKuja 3a eno jeswsKo Moapysje yieauayenn cy MHOrH rpaMarHuKH TepMuuH. BajenHMuKn Mpacoiue cactojn ce on Tpasoiucnux upasura (crp. 11—164), Mpasotucne imepaunoaoiuje (exp. 165—170) v Hpasoaucnot pexnuxa (ctp. 171829), 3a Koju je 3Ha4ajHo na y HOpMupamy aK- neHta aaje MHoro ay6nera (imp. evhu k efhu, upduuitiao H iipowitizao), SHMe OTBA- pa Moryhnocr# spo enactasioj (i ctapHoj) Hopmu. To onrosapa npupoaH #a- Ler KIbWKEBHOT je3HKa, KOjH je 3acHOBAH HA BPNO WIMPOKO} NoAAOSH HapomHMX Tonopa HOBOUITOKABCKHX jlujaneKara, eKaBcKOr Ht HjeKaBcKOr H3roBopa (B. T. 12, 16). 59. Ha Hayenuma opor Tpasonuca 3acHopaHn cy MHorM Apyru jesHaKM npH- PYYHHUK, © THM UITO CBAKH O/{ HUX MMa CBO|HX O;IHKa, MocebHOCTH, ¢ O63HPOM Ha bapijaHTHy ycOBmeHOCT, Te pAIIMYHTHX TyMaveiba MOjeAMHNX Havena onuTer npasonuca, OcuM HapeneHor ILpaponuca cpncKOXpBatcKOr of- HocHO XpBaTCKOcpHekor je3mka w3 1960. roquHe (ca meroBHM Ka- CHHJMM 13NakbHMa 1 WKOJICKHM u3;aHHMa), Y ymOTpeu cy Hajyemthe n npasonu- cH npupysuuuu, Kao uo cy: Hu@opMatop 0 canpemenom KibHKCBHOM je3HKy ca pewHuKom A. Ieue » M. Memmkana (Beorpag 1967), [pasonuchm mpupydHuk cpncKoxpsar- cxkor — xpsarckoepnexor je3nxka Cp. Mapkonnha, M. Ajano- sutha, 3. [uxnuha (Capajeso 1972), Ipaponucun npupy4nux xp- BaTckora mam cpmckora jesmKa B. Anwhan J. Cuutha (Sarpe6 1986), Tipuao3H Tpasonucy rpyne amurencra 13 Hopor Caja, Beo- rpaga, Huxumha, Capajera (Marya epncka — Hown Cay, 1989) Crpyaitv npasio3H npasonucniM mitarbuma OOjapmbyjy ce H y AMATBHCTHKAM 4ACOMHCHMa, HAMeHCHMM HeroRaiby jeamuKe KynType, KaKBH cy: ,,Haw jesuK", Beorpag, ,,Jesux", 3arpe6, ,,Krbunxenit jesux", Capajeno. 27| | @OHETUKA CA OCHOBAMA ®OHOJIOrMWJE U MOP®OSOHONOPHIE ®OHETHKA HU ®OHOJIOFWIA 60. PoneTuKa (npema rpukom phdné) geo je Hayke o jesHKy Koj npoywapa racose M wuxope mpomenc. Caaxu rnac je npoH3Bon pasa TOBOPHAX OpraKa, na QoxetHKa onvcyje pam THx oprana. 3a wy ce crora Moxe pehu za je @u3n0- #oumka doneruwa, Kaxo noxpere rosopHux oprata npaTa 1peneperbe Basnynime crpyje, riacopu cy H U3 H4KA Nojaza, ca QUSHYKUM, Tj. AKYCTHYKKM Nojapama (sesaHuM 3a sByx). DonerHxa je, nakne, U3MONOUIKA Hayka 3ATO WTO onHCyje Ta~ cope KaO Mpou3Boy pana o”peheHux opiana voseujei ieaa, a PUsH4Ka 3aTO WTO ce Basyumma ctpyja Koja creapa rnacoBe Mowallia To 3aKOHMMa Koj Baxe 3a Me- xanuvka wend, K80 pH VojaBa cBaKOr Apyror sByka Y UpHpoaH. 61. Posopum oprann voneujer rena pene ce Ha Tpu ckynune: 1) Mayha, Mp6yunu suuhu u gujadpatua w gyurux, KojM ce y roBopHH ana- pat yKBYaYjy THMe LITO cry xe 3a cKyMbawe BasqyXa (TIyha), 3a HCTHCKHBAIe Ba3- ayxa (rp6yumn Muumhe 4 wajaparma) n 3a cnposoferse Basnyxa (ayuIHMK); 2) taacne Heuye, jeux, sagive ¥ ipegise Hetiye, anseone, 2y6u K ycxe, Tj. OHM KojH Mpowspoze rnacoBe MOKperoM (riacHe xe, jesHK, ycHe), HH Ha KOjNMa ce ctBapajy rnacosu (Henua, ampeose, 3y6u); 3) segpeona, ycua W HocHa gyitea, KOje nojavaBajy rnacone H najy HM TOce- 6aH TOH H Gojy, Tj. Koje uMajy ynory pesouaropa. 62, Touro ce pazom TpOymHHx mamma n gujacparme pasayx notucHe wa mnyha, ayWHNKOM gocnesa 20 OpraHa mpapor rosopHor anapara re Mpous- BOAH 3BYK, Koja ce y oweTHUM HasHBa inac, Y oHETHIM ce rac onUcyje Kao npow3B0a Apyre H tpelie ckymMHe ropopHux opraHa, K TO NOcMaTpameMm pajia. NOKPeTHHX TOBOPHUX Oprava (rnacHHx %xuNa, CMeMITeHHX Y TpKaHy, jesMKa i yeaHa, Kao H Sasser, Mexor Hemua) MpeMa HenoKpeTHHM opraHuma (mpenmem Henuy, anseoaama 3y6Hma) M MocMaTpatseM nponacka Ba3aymHe crpyje Kpo3 oprave Koj HMajy ynory pesoxaropa. 63. Kako raac Hacraje MexanMuku, mpeHoulemem Tpemepera penona ronop- Hor anapata Kpo3 Ba3ayx, uiTo ce castiaje nyTeM Yysia cHyXa, y CBaKOM Taacy ce pasauKyjy TPH cactasHa jena (eneMeHTa): jauKHa, BHCHHa 1 6oja. a) Jawina izaca 3aBMcH On cHaTe UNH jaune MOZCTHHaja Koj oKpehe 1pe- Hepehe Teno, wro 3Ha¥H 7a 3a5HCH Om aMBAMTYse (pagnasuHe HaMehy HOPMaaHOT Ronoxaja Tpenepeher tea H Hajaame Take 0 Koje oO y Tpertepewy cTuxKe). VKo- siuko je amnautyaa seha, yTonnKo je riac jaun. 6) Bucuna inaca sanncn on 6panve Kojom Tpenepehe Te Tpeneps; yKonuKo je sehu 6poj tpentaja y jeammmni Bpemena, yroauKo je Tnac BML 8) Boja inaca onpefena je o6nMKoM pesonatopa (xapedwa ayna, ycra, Hoc). Coaku rnac uma nocebuy Gojy jep je oGanK rapHor pesoHatopa, Tj. yoTa TPH H3- FOBOpY CBAKOT rsiaca APYKYMjM, WTO BaxH 3a cBaKOr roBOpHuKa. CBaKK HoBeK, y3 TO, uma H cBojy nocebHy Gojy raca jep je oGAMK roBOPHAX pesoHlaTopa KoA cEa~ Kor nojeawnua pasmusnt (vaiMDHayanan). 64, YoneruKa omncyje rnacose nocmarpajyhn 06 wuxORe crpane: busuo- soluky « Gusuexy (axyciuaxy). To 3HaKH na ce ca TIpBe HAXOBE cTpate onpehyiy Tako WTO ce 3a cBaKH futac Mpate pas K Mosoxaj TOROPHAX oprava MPH weroBom usropopy (pu apuiuxyaayuju rnaca), a ca Apyte, akyctH4Ke cIpale — TaKo uito ce KONCTATYjy HhUXOBE OCOGHHE BAKHE 3A 4.10 cnyxa (HUD. SBYYOCT, BUCKHA M Hp.). 29Ca. 1 — Fovopu oprann (GurHn 3a onuc apa xynaunje); 1 — yowa aynma, IT — xapeno, Til — wocua aynaa, Y; — ropisa youa, Y2 — ows ycHa, C —ropren cexyrnhs, Co — zor cexyruhu, A — anseone, TH — tspzio nenue, MH — sexo nene (MH; — cnyusreno, MHo — yaaurnyro), P; — pecnua cnyuiena, P, — pe- ‘cua ysauriyra, BJ — apx jesuea, 11 —npenton eo jesnxa, CJ2 — cpeawu neo jesnxa, J — ‘Sauron seo jesnka, KJ — xopen jesnxa, TIT — raacuMaxa noxnonau, T — rpknan, DK — raacne nue, LIX — iutwracra xpexapnua, Jt — ayumnx, J — jeatbax. (B_ Muzeruh — Ocnosu goneiuxe, Beorpan, 1952, erp. 3) Cn. 2 — Mpecex yeue nynme; Y — roprsa u 10- fea yoxa, 1 — anpeone, Ia Ils — repo nerue, Illa Ils — Mexo wenute, P — pecuua, a — apx jesnka, 5 — npeawu seo jesuka, » —~ epee geo jesuka, F — sanieH neo jesuKa, 1 ~~ KopeK jesmKa (B. Munetuh — Hsiosop epucoxpaaiucnur isa- cowa, Beorpaa, 1933, ctp. 21) Ca. 3 — Mpojexunja wera; Ia,5,2 —anse- Cn 4 — Mpojexunja jesuxa; 1 — epx jesnxa, one; Ha,6 — Tapio (npeate) Henue, I1la.s 11 — npemtu aco jesuxa, 111 — cpentew neo — MeKo (saatbe) Henute, P — pecuuia; ¢—ce- jesuxa, IV — sab co jesuKa, c, 0, x — 3y8u kyruhi, 0 — owsaun, K — KyTibaUM (yOu) — (CeKyTHnM, o4baUM, KyTHRALIH) (5, Maseruh — Hsiosop cpuckoxpeaucnux tie coca, Beorpan, 1933, erp. 17, 19) eI)2. PMACOBM CPICKOPA KIbYXKEBHOYr JE3UKA 65. TIpupoxa rnacosa sabncu of nomoxkaja KojH HojeAHEM jemOBH roBOpuoT anlapara 3ay3uMajy pM apTuxynanyjn (creapawy) rnacopa. 3aTo ce Ha ocHOBy NoNOxaja TOBOPHAX Oprava cBM TaacOBM CPNCKOXPBATCKOT jesHKA ene Ha TpH Tpylle: camoiaacnuke, conanule cyiaacnuxe. 1. CAMOTJIACHHM (BOKAJIM) 66. Camolaacnuyu cy raacosn npu sujem sroBopy BasAyX H3 nayha mponaan Kpo3 AAYUIKHK Hy TpkeaHy Tloxpehe riacHe 2KUNe, 3aTHM CHOGOAHO Teve KpO3 yey AYnsey W 437a3H y MpocTop OKO roBOpHHKa. Tpeneperse raacHHx %KHUA npe- HocH ce Ha BasayuiHe YecTHUe, Koje 360r Tora caMe paBHOMepHo Tpenepe. Kako nasayuita crpyja He HaW1a3H Ha Mpenpexe, caMorsacHMuMt Ce YYjy Kao wACTH, By Hi TOHOBH. Y HallleM KHbIGKeBHOM je3HKY HMA Net caMoraacHHKa (Boxana): uw, e, aony. a) Camoinacnuyu ipegreia pega cy u we. O6a ce w3roBapajy raKo wiTo ce Bpx jesuxa Ociaiba Ha cekyTHhe (ome), jeaux ce noKpehe y npasny npemmer nena yeve aynbe, H3auxKYHM ce mpeMa TBPAOM Henly, H TO MPH M3rOBOpy BOKANA u — BUCOKO, a PH H3TOBOpY BoKasla e — 0 cpenibe BUCHHE. Baro ce uv HasHBA BH COKUM, ae — cpejtbM BoKasIOM Tipemwer pena. Veue cy npx WaroBOpy uw Mano pa3by'eHle HM pacrapmene, sLOK cy NPM H3TOBOpY e OTBOPeHE, ANH CKOPO HEMOKpeTHE. Bokan w je saiieopenu Boxan, jep je pasMak waMeby BHINUA MPH WeroBOM H3TOBOPY Spo Maia, a BoKal e je cpegise oueopenocilu, jep je PasMax W3Mehy Foprbe H Mowe sHinue peau (ycta cy Maio oTBopena). 6) Camoiaacnuyu sagieeia pega cy a, 0 uy, jep ce pH HHxXOBOM H3roBopy Je3nk kpehe npema saftsem ney yene ayrie. Tipit Tome, a je mucku BOKAN 3astiber pena, jep jesnk octaje HucKO Ha jKY Yue zynme, BOKA:I o je cpegiou BOKAN sammber pena, jep ce jesak — nopnayehin ce yazan — noawxe 10 cpenre BHCHHE npema Tabesa 1. — Camoraacnnun (waynn reope, BurHH akycrauKH yrHcax) Paacne anue Flo nonoxajy jeauea y youoj ayn} > Tpeaisn aeo yeue aynibe Ano yene aynne Jann ae0 yeue aynase BHCOKH sarernyre | — tpenepe | __cpenn soyunn HWCKH Heyrpasiue cee ka_samibem saat HenMMa, H BOKaN y je sucoKu BOKAN 3amWwer pena, jep ce jesHK HEAMKE BICOKO mpema HenuuMa. [pea neanwnH yria Koj wie ropwba H OWA BHLUUIA, TO ject lpema TOMe KOmHKO Cy ycra OTROpeHA, Onpebyje ce HajoTBOPeHHjM BoKas (a), cpen- We OTBOPEH (0) H 3aTBOPeHH BoKaA(y). Y usrOBOpy BoKa.ta Samiver pema BHA ce aa cy Youle pH MSTOBOPY a OTBOPEHE H cKOPO HENOKPETHe, ja MPH HIFOBOPY 0 O- =Gujaiy enuncact o6nnx, aoK ce pH HSTOBOpY BOKaNA y HeTypajy HaNpen H 3a0Kpy- ayiy- 67, Con camornacmma cy 3By4HI TiaCOBH, SHCTH TOHOBH H CBM cy HOCHOLIE caora, jep ce 360r ibMXOBOr TOHCKOT Kapakrepa MOry MsroBapaTH y jemHom apTH- KyjlaHOHOM 3aXBaTy, y Kojem MOxe, aM H He Mopa, HTM HeKH ApyrH Tac u3 rpylle conanara, WH cyrnacuuKa. 2. COHAHTH (PJIACHHILM) 68. Conaniiiu cy raacopn pu unjem creapaiy Bagnyuma crpyja, Koja je n0- kpenyna race KHUE Y TPK/AHy, Mpona3H HEOMETAHO H YMPKoC Mpenpekama Koje npencrasseajy xen0BK ToBOpHor anapara, HeoMeTaHH MpOTOK crpyje, y3 3By¥HOGT, raapua je upta Koja Wx 4MHM y WaBeCHOM CMHCHY CAHYHHM caMoriacHHUAMa (BO- kamuma). Cowanrit cprickora KibinxeBHor je3HKa cy TIACOBH: 6, P, j, a, 2b, H, uu. Tlouro npebe mpeko saternytHx riacHux xKuLa HM uBas0Be Tpenepeme BaSAYUIHHX YECTHUa, Ba3RyWIHA CTpyja HAUNa3H Ha pyre weAoBe TOBOpHOr ana- pata, mposasa waMehy wx H cTBapa pasnHunTe conaHte. 69. a) Yeueno-ayOnu conanti 6 nacraje Tako wiro Basayma crpyja nponasH cpasMepHo cao6oHo Mopen npempexe Kojy sHHe ropwM ceKyTHhM ca BIaxHAM BeEROM OWE ycHe. 6) Aasconapuu conaniiu p, a MH ustoBapajy ce TAKO UITO Ce px jesHKa Ha~ 443 Ha arseosiaMa TopwHX cexytaha, a BasayuiHa Crpyja uma pasmMuTe HyTORe. Tipu usropopy covanta p Basayuina crpyja BAOpupajyhu (tpenepeh) uana3u npexo spxa jesuKa, Koja 4 W3A3HBA To TpeNepere; Mp M3TOBOPY conAHTa 4 RazqyWIHa crpyia nponasu GoKoBHMa jesHka, OK NpH H3roBOPy coHAHTa H BasmyLIHA cTpyja waiasH y Be dbase: MpBo KpO3 Hoc, jep ce MeKo Menue cnyuiTa a joj oTBOpH HYT Kp03 Hoc, a 3ATHM Kpo3 yera, Kana ce BpX jeauKa yKMOHM ca anBeoma, (Cpa rpx angeonapra conanra Mory SHTH y KiswoxKeBHOM jesHKy HOCHOWE Cnora, H TO Hajueuthe conan p: 1) kana je y cpeanum pewx w3Meby apa cyrnacnuxa (apeul, Kps, ipwaiiuy, 2) kana je ua noverKy pew npen HexuM cyracHHKOM (pu, Phaiiu, peauu ce); 3) Kala je W3a camornacunka y caoxenmuama Tana saphaiuu, uopsatiu ce (3a-p-a-TH, 10-p-Ba-TH) 4) wonpen. 0 Koje je nocTaxo on 4: ouipo (owpsa, oup20), sactupo (sactipia, saciup.0), ipoue (a3 Haponte necme npema cappemeHoM ipiye). Hpyra yea anpeonapa CoMaHTa, 4 # 1, Mory BHIM HOCKOUM Cnora y BAACTHTHM TeorpAGCKHM HMEHAMA H3 HawIHX tajaneKaTa: Cweaa (Cryt), Bava iaaca (Bysja raava), Kane, une u3 crpanux jesuxa: Bawaea, 1113eH HOA, Na H He camo y reorpadcKHM uMeHuMa: Hon, HOu-Cayg (eH ecka, ORHOCKO apancka woxpyra nena mina), Guyuacn 8) MMpegroneitanu conaniiu j, W w u3TOBapajy ce TaKO wITO je Bpx jesuKa MpuTucHyT Ha Aowe cexytuhe, a ropa nospuluna jesHKa y3 npemwe (TBPAO) Hen- ue, pH Yemy pa3mynina crpyja uma pasnuyar nyt. [px usropopy conanta j crpyja Tpoaasu Kpo3 yAyOmeHH Cpe NEO jesuKa, CHMYHO KAO NPH MSTOBOPy BOKANA u, Kojem je 3aTo Bpo Gnwaak (HNp. kama ce H3TOBOpH Yuju NpeMa yuja, NBA pex ce WBTOBapAa CKOPO Kao wu WAM ¥il), IPH H3TOBOPY COHAHTA OHa NposAsH No GoKO- BuMa je3Ka, a IPH W3TOBOpy COHAHTa 1, Kao H KOM #, NpoasH Y Be dase: MpBO Kpo3 Hoc, a 3aTHM Kpo3 ycra. 1) Venenu conanii m w3roapa Ce TaKO UITO Ce YCHE HETOM CBOjOM AY%KHHOM npuny6xyjy jeaua y3 apyry, crsapajy nperpamy a BasqyusHa crpyja nowwe a mposa3u Kpo3 Hoc, jep ce same (Mexo) Hemme chyuiTa 4 To omoryhyje. ¥ apyroj ha3H ycue ce pacTapmajy, ma mpeocranu neo Ba3nyxa u3na3M HM Kpo3 ycTa. Tio MeCTY H Ha4MHy WaroBopa COHaHT M je, aK, ABOYCHEHM HOCHM CYTACHHK, 323. CYPJIACHMUM (KOHCOHAHTH) 710. Cyiaacnuyu sune rpyny raacopa Koju ce crsapajy Hacrajanem mpenpeka y yeTuMa wait Ha Youama, Mpa YeMy Basqyiuna crpyja Hema Apyror nyra OcuM capiafaparba Te mpenpexe. Hpema jexonMMa roBopHor anapata Kojm yuecTByjy y WUXORO} APTHKY.TANMjM, CPIICKH KHIDKEBHH je3HK HMa cilenehe rpyne cyrnacHuKa. a) Venenu (sa6ujanu): 6,4 G, on KOjNX ce MpEa aBa apTHKYAMILY TAKO WTO ce yeue npuGujajy jenna y3 apyry, ctsapajyhu notnysy mperpany Basiyxy, 3aTHM ce Mperpana yknara (ycHe ce pactaBbajy) H Ba3MyX Harso M3i1a3H, y3 Mpacak, Na ce OBa Ba Flaca Ha3HBajy, 10 TOM aKYCTH¥KOM YTHCky mpacka, exciiaozuenuM Cy- THACHMUMMA, Om KojAX je 6 sBy4HH (jep cy TnacHe xKMUe SaTerHyTe M Tpenepe), a i Gespyann (jep cy ruacHe xuIe OnyuITeHe u He Tpenepe). Tpehx cyraacHuK je, 3a- Tpago, ycHeHo-3yOHH, jep Hactaje Kao MPOM3BOM Tpera BasNyMIHe CTpyje KPo3 idecnay Koja 4HHe TOpiLM ceKyTHhU M YHYTpaUla BIaxKHa crpaHa poe ycue; G je Gessyyan cyrnacuux (jep riacne xe HHCY 3aTerHyre), 6) 3y6nu (genitaanu): g, i, 3, ¢ MY, OX KOJNX ce g M i eTBApajy TAKO WTO ce Bpx je3HKa HanasH Ha cekyrHhuma, pasqywia cTpyja ce romswa H3a MpenpeKe M IIpH HaTOM OTKaibalby Npenpeke H3NAa3H H3 ycTa, Take y3 Npacak; g je 3By4- HO, i GesBy4Ho (npema Tpeneperby/HeTpenepemy rnacHHx xuUA y TpKmany). Cy- THACHMIM 9 HC HacTajy Ha HCTOM MECTY, TaKO WTO Ba3AYLIHa CTpyja MposiasH Kpo3 ‘TecHal, IPH HeMy Ce Tape 0 3HNOBE TecHala HK TaKO NPONSBOAM TIHCKAB SBYK, 3By4- ho 3 (y3 Tpenlepeme rinacHHx xvUA), ONHOCHO GesBy4Ho c (Ge3 Tpemepera rnacHHx swulta), 360r Tora ce HasHBajy M WecnayHum cyrnacHanuma. CyracHnK 4 Hactaje Ha Mpenpenm Kojy BasnyuiHoj CTpyjM HHHE ceKyTAhM BPX jesHKa, H TO TKO ITO ce nornyHa nperpama, y ape daze, npeTBapa y TecHal Kpo3 KOjM mpoctpyjv Bazayx aajyh MHcKaBH, cHMBeHM cyrsacHHK (apuKaty) 4. 3) Hpegnoneivanu (dasaiiaanu): h, h, 4, 4, o 4 ut. HbHX uMHe ABE NOATpyne: campenn cyraacnynu (abpuxare) —h, fh, y M4 # crpyjaM (ppuKaTHanH) —9e Mw. Tipsx ce crpapajy Tako WTO npenpeka Ba3fywHoj crpyju HacTaje om npemwer (rspaor) Henna # rope nospumue jesnxa, IIpu waronopy h Hh Bpx jesuKa je na AOWUM ceKyTHHUMa, a TOpHa TOBpUNMHa jesuka NpHByOmeHa y3 Heme, Wena, na cy 3aT0 10 (axyéTHyKH) MeKH cyrsiacanuu. [pu m3roBopy y H 4 mpenpeKy HHE npemise (rspno) Hemme H BPX je3HKa ca jeNOM TopHe MOBpUIMHE, Na cy TO (aky- cTHUKH) TBpAM cyrnacaMu. On HUX cy h My 3BYYHH (Ipemepere TAACHUX %KMUA), a Aw 4 Gespyyun cyrnacHuum (raacke %KMUe He Tpenepe). Tpehu map, a Hw, On Kojux je MpBH 38y9HM a ApyrH Ge3By4HH, Hactaje TaKO UITO ce GOKOBH je3HKa OnMPy © crpane 3aniser M Mpeayser Henma, Bpx jesMKa je Ha TBpAOM Menny a Ba3sayuiHa crpyja ce npo6ja kpo3 tecHau w3Mehy Tepaor Henua M jesuKa. OHH cy WyWiTaBH CTpyjHM cyrnacHMun. 1) agiooneituanu (seaapnu): i, K Hx, KOjM ce CTBApajy TaKo UITO BazayUuHa ctpyja Hawia3M Ha npenpexy cTBopeny Tomohiy aamiser ena jesuKa M 3anmer (Me- kor) Henua. Cyraacunuyi ¢ Mk cy mpackaBH (eKcnAO3MBHH) jep Hactajy Tako WTO ce fipenpexa Haro OTKNOHM, Ma Ba3AYX Harno H3NAIK KPOS ycra; NpBH je 3ByyaH a apyrt 6eabyyan (Tpentepeme/HeTpeneperse rnacnHx xKMMa). CyrstacHMK x je Crpyj- nu (ppuxaTusxn), jep Hactaje TpeweM Baanyxa KPO3 TecHall KOJM YHHE 3AM jo jesuxa u 3anwe (MeKo) Henle, a Gesnyuan je jep rnacHe KMMe Hucy 3aTerHyTe, Te He Tpenepe.TaGexa 2. — Cyrnacumun 4 conantn (mecro, nauun ta0pbe, SutHH axycTHNKH yrucaK) Apruxyzaunja ecto —> wasn + agoycnenn]ycH.-3y6 Tipeaso. Henvany Sam nema Ampeonap seyu 6 excnsios, | = . — Besnyy 1 K 3ByyH. Uealee a 4 Beans | 7 wo 4 h Lo +— —. sya 3 ali iKaTHDIE : oe Bespy4. o c o * wazaau of saya —|- Besayy | cay >| sxOpanTn — Besays — + ai i ey ° i anyson —— et Bespyy. L _L 4. APTHKYJIAUMOHE M AKYCTHYKE OCOBHHE PIACOBA BAXKHE 3A TIOCMATPABE PIACOBHOL CHCTEMA CPHICKOPA KibHXKEBHOF JE3HKA. natepasnn a) NOKANW30BAHOCT/HEJIOKASIM30BAHOCT TIACOBA TL. Tpema tome 4a 4 Baszymma crpyja mponasn cnoGomHo (HeoMerauo), cpasMepHo ciloGoaHo WM y3 Mpenpeke, Koje YHHe JenOBM roBOpHor anapata, crpapajyhu raacoze, cB racosm cpiickora je3HKa ce jlene Ha: a) BoKane: u, e, a, 0 Hy, 6) conante: mM, H, 18, Py 4, j Hb B) KOHCOHAHTE: 6, #, 7, Ky g, M9, WH, 4, GX AH I HE Tipu usropopy eoxara (camoizacuuxa) pasayuma crpyja cno6onHo npozasH Kpo3 Ycta, MpeTXOMHO MOKPcHYBILM 3aTerHYTe racHe %KHUe, Ma Ce OM cMaTpajy HenoxKanW30BaHuM Taacopuma. VsnecHo oKanusoBarse (onpehupaise mo MecTy NsroBopa) BPM ce y3HMaiLeM y O63up monoxaja jeaHKa y yorMMa, na ce caMo- ThacHHUM AeNe Ha OHe Hipegiel (uM e) H sagivel pena (a, 0 Hy); HHCKe (a), cpeaise (¢ H 0) M BHCOKE (w Hy). 72. Conantliu (2aacnuyu) u Konconantiiu (cyeaacnuyu) npema Moryhdocra AoKaNH30BaIbAa YRHE jeaHy rpyny. Onn ce cmatpajy a0Kanus0BaHMM raacoBMMa, a ce No MecTy H3roBopa H aene Ha: 34,a) yonene (aa6Hjante): 6, a, 6, 6 mm, 6) sy6ne (nenranne) g, i, 3, cH u; B) ipemteonensane (nanatanue): j, h, hy a, wl, 2, 1, 4H HU: r) anpeonapne: p, 4 4 H; a) sanwoneniane (Benapue): 7, KH x. Tlourto mpi w3ronopy cyrnaciuKa x, % Ha 1e0 Ba3ayuIHe crpyje mponasH P03 HOC, H Ce Ompehyje jou H Kao anBeonapHO-HOCHH, 1 KAO MpeAHOHEN4aHO-HOC- HM HM Kao YcHeHO-HOCHH cyrnacHHK. HATIOMEHA. — Cyraacuux x, Koj mpumaga CoMaHTHMa H Koj je no Mecty TRopSe AnBeonapHo-HOCHH CyTAACHANK, Ma HecTabWTAH a”ReoNapHK eo aptuKyZaunje. HanMe, Y pewHMa nexa, Ana, Nuumilla, Menu, uNOCUIpaHU, Unie teKWd — BPX je3HKa je 3aNCTAa Ha anBEO- mlaMa TOPHbHX CekyTHha, Ma je TO aBeomapHA CoHaHT. Anu y pewHMa Kao WTO cy Anka, Sanka, akiuna, WapKuni, Tj. Kana ce HANASK HONpeR X Hf, 1 je COHANT 3a nHoUENYaHO-HOCHE apruxynaunje. 8) 3BY4HOCT/BESBYYHOCT FJIACOBA 73. Tpeneperbe unu Herpeneperme rnacHux >HNa y rpKIbaHy ocHoBa je dpu- SHOROUIKO-aKYCTHYKe OCOOHHE TacoBa KOja ce Ha3HBa 26y4Hoci HIM beseyunocill, Kaga je Tpenepeme racHHx xuna cactapiu neo H3rosopa (aptuKynaunje) raca, HoGuja ce seyunu rnac, a Kana cy rnacHe Xue OnyurTeHe, Na Ba3DyXx MpomasH W3- Meby HX He HBasHBajyhu Tpenepere, MOGHja ce Geseyunu Taac, Say4HM raacoBH cy CBH BOKANH (caMOrNaCHKUM) H CBM COHARTH (r1acHHUA), Y rpyni cyrmacuuka (koucowanata), MelyTHM, HMa pa HH3a: — 3By4HK cyrnacHMMH: 6, i, g, 2K, 3, 1 — GesnywaH cyrnacnnmM: w, x, i, h, mw, c, ¥ GB, x, Tipapu cyraacuunu (Kouconaura) umajy cemam nap rnacona y Kojama je jena rnac snyyan a apyru Gessyyan (6/n, r/x, 2/1, b/b, %/ut, 3/c, u/4) M TpH Seanyutia cyrnacunka: §, x H 4, KojuMa He OnToBapa Hujenau 3BYYHH CyracHAK, 8) MEKORA [JIACOBA. 74, Y kibwxKeBLIOM je3HKy O MeKOhH rnacoBa TOROpH ce camo y Bes ca cyrnacnmmMa, OfHOCHO rnacHMunMa (conanTuMa). Y Hawien jesnky ma 5 MeKUX cyrmacimka — ja MpaBa cyrmacHnka: 5 uh, w vp coMAHTa: j, M1, 3a unjy je apriakynaunjy KapakTepneruian cusvonouiKo-axyeTHuKH yrHcaK Mexohe, usHos1ouik, Mekoha ce 3acHHBa Ha cypkapamy Ba3AyMHOr Nposa3a os, TBPAMM (npeAHHM) HenteM, Koje He OM REMMAYHOT cy>KaBaBA (np H3TOBOPy couauta j), 20 MornyHor npHsby6sbuBaia Topwe TloBpuIMHe NpeABer sea jesHKa y3 TapHO uenwe (np usroBOpy h, h, m Mw). AKycruyKH, MeKOha ce orsena y BA COKHM TOHOBMMa THX ruacoBa. V ombicy cHcrema opa nojaza je BaxHa HaposHTo xaga je pew of mh, jep ce y HeKHM OOnacTHMa Haule roBopHe TepHTopHje ¥ H3- topapa Kao fu oGpHyto (hawa ymecto yaua j iley yMecto ‘iieh), Te ce ynOBHO ynorpeGnasajy TepMuRK exo h HM sexo h, iuMe ce ynyhyje na Hx Tpe6a pasnu- Kopata on 4H 4 (Hak: wax; hap : wap).3. COP MW MOEA PEYM HA CJIOTOBE 75. Cnor je rnacopua jesuuka jequmana Koja ce ocrBapyje jequuM H3roBop- HAM (aprHkys1aMOHMM) 3axBaToM. Moxe ra 4HHHTH H jenaH Tu1ac, Mom youoBOM a je To camornacumx. Ha npumep, y mpemio3MMa ce Mory Hahw OHH CAOroBH KojH ‘ce cacroje om camo jenuor rnaca: y /rpany/, /fosopum/ o /rpany/ u cn. Ose pew (npemno3n) cactoje ce camo og jeaHor cnora, H To camo jeqHor rnaca — BoKasa. Y pewuma on Bulle rnacoba, cyrnacHHKa W caMOraacHHKa, HocHal cnora Moxe urn caMo BOKad, OAH. coHaHT p, NOHeKaM Ha HH (B. 7. 696), G0 cam GIO ca jeauuM mH ca Bue cyrnacHMKa, a rpaHMua cnora y pe4n je w3a caMormacHHKa, a ucupeg cyrnacuuKa: @-GU-OH, a-6U-0-Hu, a-6U-0-Hu-Ma, 6a-6a, ge-ga, Ma-Ma, ta-ia, Au-6a-ga, pa- “gut, Wu-ila-iiu, 0-8d-KO, HU-Ka-KO HIN. 76. Tpema sapierky ciora, OH MOKe OTH OTBOPEH: Ma-Ma, a-GU-O-HU, Kaya ce 3aBpulaBa BOKASIOM, H 3ATBOPeH: oifl-¢op, wil-ea-aug, CAOM-ieH, KAA Ce 3ABP- uiaBa cyraacHHKOM. ‘Y3 onulte Mpapino a rpakHua cfora gona3M 43a caMornacHuka, Tpeba 3HaTH jour H cnenehe: a) Kaa ce y cpeaumm pean Habe Bumre cyrnacHmka on Kojux je Ha MpBoM MecTy HekM CTpyjHM HAH CHMBeHH, rpaHHua cnora he GUTH uctipeg Te Tpyne cyrnachHKa: Jla-cilia, 0-wilia, Tpo-mhe, 3Be-39a, Y-ca-xny-TH, Ha-diua, Bo-hka, MaruKa _Ne-whiu, y-3mu-Te W cm; 6) wenpen cyrnacumaxe rpyne Guhe rpanuua cxora w aKo ce y rpynx ofraia- cuMKa y cpeqMHH ey Ha ApyroM MecTY Hasa3M HEKH Of COHaHATA 6, j, p, 4 HI, a MeTIped Bera GHXO KojH APYTH CyraacHHK ceM COHaHTa: To-iiaa, TO-ito-1a, cBe-iaoci, To-dwex, N0-6pa, Upe-Gpa-uan; 8) ako rpyny cyraacHHka y pei 4uHe JBa CoHaHTa, rpauuna cnora Jo1a3K waMeHy WHX, Na jeqan MpHnana mperxoavom, a apyrH cnenehem cnory: WpaM-eaj, GuM-/ue, 4OM-/eH, MaD-Ga, Map-/oUs, a6-Au-ja, UN-ea-THM: 1) ako rpyny cyrtacHwka “He mpackaBH cyracHMK Ha MpBOM MecTY H HeKH APYrH cyrnacHHK OcHM conaHaTa j, ¢, 4, © Mp, pavilia cnora nonasn yaMmely cyrnacnaxa: — sei-iiup, A0i-ta, cpeg-ciaeo, ipi-0-eeili-ka, Be-pug-ba, jag-nu; 4) aKo je y rpynH om apa conanTa Ha ApyroM Mecty conaHr j 3 je Koje y pe- wuMa HjeKaBCKOr H3rOBOpa OnTOBapa eKABCKOMe e, TpaHMNa cnora WoNAgM HcTIpeR ze rpyne: \NO-6jeK, %KH-dje-TH, Y-Mje-TH, y-eje-peH, TO-pje-TH. 77. flava nojena pew Ha cmorone sacHopana je Ha mpupogM cnora H cyrma- cuuxa, Ppannua Mehy colorosHMa 3aBHCH Of Te Mpupone M OWA je raacoBHa (bone rcka). Cuorone jeave pew, MehyTuM, Moxe YcnORaBATH H 3H a 4e- we. 'paunuia cnora Kojy je ycnopusio 3Ha¥eme He Mopa ce OKNaMaTH ca OHOM rnacopHo. Taksa rpanuula ce Ha3HBa CEMAHTHYKOM HM NCKXO1O UI KOM, a Hajyemhe ce BHAM y cnoxeHuM pewuma. Tako hie, Ha TpuMep, Y COKeHHM TaromMMa C MpeduKcoM pazyiliuiiu, ogy3zeiliu, uciepaiiu rpaHuua npBor cnora (a) yMecto dbonercke: pa-smy-TH-1M, O-ay-3e-rH, w-eTe-paTH, 6uTH (©) wcuxonomxa: pas-my-TH-TH, On-y-26-TH, We-Te-pa-TH. 36Tome je pastor WimeHHua na ce mpeduKcH pas, Of-, wWa(c}- ocehajy Kao noceGHH ReNOBH CHOKeHUIX peyn, Koju uMajy cBoje sHaueHe. TIpasua nogene pea Ha cnorone nara y @OHeTHUM CAMO cy ONHC CHOFA kao rtacoBHe jemMARWe y jesmKy, MaKNe WeTOBe TAACOBHE M KOMYH- xauujexe (poHono1Ke) MpHpose u He TpeGa WX MeUIATH ca MpabMHMa Koja naje npasouxe. TIpasonuc, mpHpoano, ysuma y o63Hp MpMpomy Taacopa H caora OMN- cauy y ovetuus. AnH xako nucaise (M HApOyHTO MITAMMawKe TeKCTa) 3aBHCH On TexMuKux MoryhHocta, Ipaponuc cpickOxpBaTCKor je3uKa H3 1960. ronuue (ca WIKO.ICKHM #37aH4Ma) 3a NOJeRy Pew Ha cHoToRe H MpeHoueHe nenona pew y clemehu Pex naje MHoro cnoGomHMja pewena. SanaraK. cnenehem rexcr: Brean 4 ysbyhenm myan Ha xannje cragoule macpex Mocra, amyem mpema odsnapama xojH cy HantasHam. Jexax on Miahax ofuumpa uparepa Kowa NO ny- KOBHNKa H HemTO My Deve. Cam ycrOpaue xox. Ha HeKOMHKO KopaKa Med .,38KO- homraMa'' fiyKOBRAK Hari 3aycTaBK H cjaXa, TO KCTO YHRHMIe R OOMUKPH ¥38 mera, Kao Ha 3HaK. Horpiame BojHUM KOjH MPHXBATHINE KOFe H NOBETONIe KeKOTH- ko Kopaxa yuasa. (H. Anapuh, Ha pu hyiipuia, Tipoceera, Beorpa, 1981, 158). Tlozenwte, mpema goxetcxaM mpasumma, pew a cnoroBe y 4, POHOJOrMUJA — ®OHEMA Hi IAC 78. Pononornja je seo nayxe o jesuky KojM mpoy4asa racone Kao Towopue jemmuuue 3a o6enexapaise pasnike y sHavery. Tac ¢ TOM dyHKUKjOM y jesuxy sose ce bone ma. Haut Kwwxemu jesux uma 30 honema, uITO 3HayH A cBM y Heronoj HoueTHNH ONNCAHH rnacoBH, CynPOTCTABILeHH (CTABIEHH Y O0- auuujy jena Mpema Apyrom y HajMawe nba cKyMa TNacoBa Kojm yMHe pean) — cayxxe 3a pasiHKoBare 3HAYEHa. Ha mpumep, axo 64 y peus dailia ymecto npBora Boxana a 6Ho M3roBopeH Bokast e, 206mNa 6H ce pet Meia, 2aKne — ckKyN rnacopa KojH 3Ha4M HeLITO Apyro, a He OHO UNTO 3Ha4H CkyMI rilacoBa iaizia. TaKo he W360p oHeMa y ONOSHMjH a: € aaTH, y OmpeeHoM pacnopeny, WAN dan HH iden, H360p oHema y onosHUNjH a:u he 2aTH WIM daseme, HK mMeewe, W360p H3Mehy e HY, Y KOMOMHANHjH Ca dv @, nahe wan dew, wim ayw. 79. Vicro je w ca conantama 4 KonconanTuma. MMemuye, Ha npamep, Baza v Jlasa pasnuxyjy ce y noveTHoj boven, mpBa je ca ¢, npyra ca 4, cyR M cyp pasnH- Kyiy ce y 3anpulHoj @ouemu, mpsa je ca ¢, upyra ca p. MMenaue Toi u nou pasan- kyjy ce Y MpBoj oven, cama vi cagBa y Npermocneswoj (Mm: ¢) wta. Y HcTOM pacuopeny doxiema (c-1-a-m-a), yHoulene apyre doHeme (c-s-a-6-d) naje H pasnuky y aHavey. Hapabno, 4 pyksuju pacnopen dovema noHocn apykunje sHayeHe, Wa mpHMep: cus — 6uc -~ ceu; ipag — gpai; iywa — wyta; iyia — inya. 80. boxoxouKH cHcTem (cactas) Haler KHUDKeBHOr je3uKa yTaphen je u- S3HOMOMIKO-aKYCTHYKHM (PoHeTCKHM) OnHCOM 30 rmacoBa KojuMa OH pactouaxe. Ceaxa ytephewa doHema ce y wajseliem Gpojy cnyiajena janma usrosopena yBek Ha HCTH Ha4uHit, 37JeauHo ovema x uMa aga HawHHa H3rOBOpa H OHM SaBHCe On HoHeMe Koja AonasH Mlocme we. Tako je # ¥ pewH HaHa, HeHa, Kehy, Hucam — anBeonapHo-HocHa, a y pewuMa Ganka 4 wapKuni, Tj. Kenpen k Kt — 3amOHeNYaHO-HocHa oneMa wto je 3a weny dyKunjy oGenexanara sHavera 6e3 yTauaja. Jaro ce u Kaxe a # Ma ABe NO3MUHOHE BapHjaHe. 81. Tujanexarcxe wn wHauBHAyatHe BapujaHTe HeKUx apyrax douema, Ha NpHMep, ynorpe6a y(TBpaor) yMecto h (MeKor), Mory OBeCTH 10 OMeTama Y pa syMepaiby sHaverba (,uak" ymecro ax" = ,,ysenux"), na pasamunte dh owe 1 ke BpeaHocTH Tpeba A06po YOUTH H CKBATHTM KAO BpemHOCTH Koje cy OATY- 4yjyhe 3a pa3snmkopawe sHasewa pew. 82, Ponema oGenexkana pawinKe Meby pewMa cBojomM We 1H HOM, Tj. cBEM ACROBUMA APTHKYaiHje M AKYCTHKOT YIHCKA, HIM 1e J1 0M cBOje apTuKyaanuje. Ha npumep, y onHocy anejy pea pod — 606 nosetHo p y upBo} pew je couanT Koja ce NOTMYHO, y CBHM eNeMCHTHMa apTHKynalUaje, paznuKyje On MoNeTHOF eKc- RAO3HBHOr ycKeHor 6 y Apyroj peux. C apyre ctpate, usMeby pewx rag — Kag pas uma je camo y seyunocum mpse hoxeMe, Tj. i uk HMajy cBe apTHKyzauHOHe ene- Mente jeanaxe, ocuM anyaHoctu (j je 3ByaHO, a x GeapyaHo). 83. LucTHHKTHBHa (pasaHKOBHa) OOenexja mouema 3acHoBaHa cy Ha apTWky/allHOHO-aKycTHuKHM ocoOHHaMa TiacoBa. 3a doHeMe cplickora KipwXeBHOr jeanka OuTHe cy APTHKYmAnHONe oCcoGHHE (oApe- heue no Haumy m MecTy MaroROpa), 3BYyUHOCT/Ge3By¥HOCT rha cosa uw MeKoha / rapaoha raacopa. C o63npom Ha To, boveme ce y HOT nywocTH pasnuxyjy (Ha mpumep, 6 HK — jep je 6 excHNO3HBHH, nBOYCHEBA SBySHH CYFAACHHK, OK j€ K EKCIMOSHBHM, 3ambOHeMYAHH GesByYHH cyrACHAK), WAH ce pasanKyjy HajMatbe y jenHoj aptHkynauKOHO-akycTHYKo} OCOGHHM (Ha TPUMEp H 6 Ww — cy eKCNAOSHBHM, ABOYCHEHH cyINacCHHiM, pazmMYATH caMO y eneMeHTY aeystocTa — mpau je sBy¥HH, a apyrm GesBysun. 84. Kao # Ha mpmmepuma ca cyriacinuKi cboremHMa, CTO ce Moxe YouRTHE Ha caMornacHHunMa. LlemHHOM caMornacHytKe oueme pasmukyjy ce peas, Wa ApHMep, kag H Kyg, jep je ¥ MpBoj ¢ — HuCKH BOKAN Samer Pena, AKYCTHYKM OTBO- PeH, a Y apyroj je y — BuCOKu Boxan sanmera pena, akycTHuka satBopen. Kana cy soxana y nutawy, tpe6a pehu fa H aKMeHaT M KBAHTHTeT BoKana (ayxnua 4 kparkohia wuxopa) MMajy cayxGy OsHaxapawa passe y 3HaYeRY pews. Penumo, 360r pasmM4xror akuenta ipag u ipdg cy pasnuunte pew (nppa 3Ha4yR atywa, nen W3 oGnaKa", apyra 3Ha4H ,,HaCemeHO MecTO“), Tako ucTO gécaga (docannoct) — gécaga (npumor) cégetiu — cégemu, 360r pasnuwaTor KBaNTH- Teta BOKasla e y HacTaBky, pawiM4HTH Cy OGM Kjhe (BoMMHATHE—aKy3aTHB MHO- xxune) 4 xphé (renwrae jenuune); y mpBom cay¥ajy e je KpaTKo, y Apyrom je ayro. Moxe ce pehu 1a cy akuenat aYxHHa, OnNOCHO KpaTKOha Koa BOKaa AHCTHHK- TBH OGenexje, YeCTO K OHO MKBUMARHO. JLujanexateKe H nojenMnayne (HBARBH- aya) pasanke y H3TOBOpy MojeaHHHX noKana (Hnp., 3aTBOpeHHjN HAM OTBOpe- HujM H3TOBOP CAMOTMACHHKA €) Y KibHXEBHOM jesuKy ce He y3HMajy y o63Bp. =MOP®O®OHOJIOFMIA 8. Mophomoukonoruja (unm Mop onomormja) je qeo rpana- ‘TuKe KOjM Mpoyuapa H onucyje FacoBHM (POHOROMKH) CacTaR pe- du HM NOHAWMAwe FracoBa (oueMa) ynpomeHt OGAHKa peun ny TBOpOH pern. Cam TepMHH nopdodonosviuja Hactao je Kao cHoxKeHa pew On Tepmana Kopqoaoiuja n donoaotuja, a Kao Leo TpaMaruke 1p Hp OMHO nopesyje dbouleruKy (u (oxonorijy) ca xenoBuMa KojH Onucyiy MpoMeHy o6xuKa pen (mopdbonornjy) # TRop6y pes Y nornapmusta 5 — 11 osor séna rpamatuke (mopdorpouonoruje) cHcrema- rucario je: NoHatarbe AKYeHTOBAHMX cHoroBa y peuHL, HOHAIIAIBe Fs1acoBA (poHEMa) y cHCTeMHMa rnacoBHUX anTepuamnja (cyrmaciuka, caMormacnuKa, COHaHTa 2 1 BO- Kana 0), anrepHanuja a: D, acummnannja 1 ancuMnanuja, ryGmere cyrnacHKa TOKPeTHH BOKAMH, NOHAUIAISe COMAHTA j Hx Y KHIDKEBHOM je3HKY, Kao H MpanHt BezaHia 3a HeKajamte rac k (jar) y KiBinKeBHOM jesnKy, — cBe To, MpApoAHO, BesaHO 34 MPOMCHY O6NHKA, OMHOCHO 3a TBOPOY pen 5. TIPOSOWWJA (AKIIEHAT A KBAHTUTET) CPIICKOTA KHYAXKEBHOr JE3UKA 86. Hapounto uctuuaise jaunue u BHcHHe jeqHor cHora y pew Hmm jeqHO- cHOwHE Pe4H y PexeHHUK HaIHBa ce aK We HAT THX pew. Ono jave HarnawlaRae HAM AKUeHAT HMa TpH eneMenta: jawnny, sucHNY u Tpajame. HM yaumajyhu 10 y 0634p, IPH HsrOBOpy, Ha MpHMep, pean: Wecma, cao6dga, cSnue, idea Hana3sKMo Ja Ce Y CBAKO} Of HUX Mo jejlaH CHOT HAPO'HTO HeTHNe, a ja ce TO NCTHMAIe Y CBA yerHpH cnysaja pasmuxyje. Y peun wcaa uaronop czora je Kpatak A TOHCKH Haro nana; y pew c106dga WBroBop cilora Koj ce UcTHYe je KpaTak, al TOHCKH pacte; y peau cfnye WsrOBOP Haraaurevor ciora je AYE H TOHCKH nana; y pen ade HarOBOP HarnauleHor caiora je ayr, anu rouckn pacte. Jlakxe, no AY2HHM W3TOBOpA cHora MpBa ABA akHeHTa cy Kpatky, a Apyra Ba AYTH, NO BHCHHH ToHa aKUEHTH y HécmaH cfuye cy cusaznu, @ y cao60ga u ladea — ysaasHu, MPBM 3ATO WITO TOHCKM Manajy, a pyrM 3aTO WTO TOHCKH pacty. 87. Ceakit on OBnX akyeHata HMa CBOj Ha3MB Mt 3HaK KOjUM ce GeexKH Kaqa je To morpeGHo, na Taxo y Hautem KrbHxxeDHOM jesHKY MocToje YeTHpR aKUCHTA: Kpaidkocusasnu, KojK ce osHayaba snaKOM “ (ecw), KpaiakoysaasHu, KOjM Ce O3HANABA 3HAKOM * (c106dga), gviocuaasnu, KOjM ce O3HAyaBA sHaKOM * (cfmue), gyioysaasnu, Koja ce O3HavaBa 3HAKOM ' (i1dea). Kparkocusa3Hm axuenar umajy peau: adc, ade, Kina, ine, pagdcit, eas, sedsociuan, Retiuna, ipiljaiie.. Kparkoysnasin axnenar umajy peau: dla, edga, xaweuidu, uupina, iipauiu, passeceauimu, wapen, mene, meaegan 39Tyrocuaasim axyenat wmajy pest: Wh, xécia, updega, pagniix, cfua, Kx, 6éait, wjocan. Ayroysnasuu axuenat wnajy pes: indea, pia, caéua, indgan, ienepduuja, conduu, goxasiieaiau, gocahieaiiu, paguinu. 88. Y ses ca jauMHOM, BHCHHOM TOHa TpajaibeM HarmamieHor cyora, Moxe ce 3aKBY4NTH cremehe: 1) cor ca KpaTKocHs1a3HHM akLleHTOM H3roBapa ce KpaTKo, jauwwa M BHCHHA TOHa Haro H jemHoBpemeHno nNasajy: adc, Kpha, upiijamer; 2) cnor ca ayrocHnasHHM akUeHTOM H3TOBApa ce ATO, TOH je y NONeTKY BH Cok, a 3ATHM ce, jenHoBpeMeHo ca jayHHOM H3roBopa, YNambHBO chyWITa, Maza: adh, apdega, paguitx; 3) cwor 3a KpaTKOy31a3HMM akUeHTOM H3roBapa‘ce KpaTKO, BHCHHa TOHA pacte, a jawnHa warosopa onasa Mpe 3appilieTKa H3TOBOpa TaKO HarsiaueHor cio- ra: néia, edga, Kaueman: 4) cor ca ayroy3ia3H¥M akUleHTOM H3rOBApa ce AYFO, BHCHHa TOHa cTaAHO pacte # To TaKo ja Ta jauMHa WaroBOpa ToTORO He MOE MpaTHTH (ax ce TOTOBO Ty6u): iadea, pyka, paguiau, tenepduuja. 89. Kao mrro axtlenToBane jeqHocnO:kHe peuM H AKI[eHTOBAHH CNOTOBM ¥ BH mecnoxHUM pesHMa No Tpajamy (KBaNTHTeTY) MOry OHTH KPaTKH H AYTH, TAKO H HeaklleHTOBaHH CnOTOBH y HallieM je3sMky MOry GHTH KpaTKH H AyrH. Kparak Moxe GUTH CBaKH Cnor Henpeg aKUeHTOBAHOT cHOTa MI H3a Heer: ienepdyuja, Teaeqo- mipatiiu, Tecwa, Kocay, cénka w cn. [lyru cnor, MebyTaM, Moxe Ce Hasa3HTH camo 3a akyenToBaor cnora: MedM, Kéwen, j)nax, Kaéuiis. JlyrH HeaKHeHTOBAHH CHO- TOBH Cy H CTamHO OGemexkje HEKHX PC4H H HEKUX OGsHKA peu (Ha NpHMep, OOmMKA TeHHTHBA MHOAKKHE CBHX UMeHHHA: /MHOrO/ FuentKd, /mHOro! aiieagd, Imworo! jegd- pa, Imuoro/ ciedpa; o6nuKa opebenor Buna mpHnena: go6pa, go6pd, go6pd u mp.). Bato je myxwHa cnora eo O6nuKa, na npunaza m Mopdonorja. YxynaH OBaj cucrem: TOH (y3na3HH H cHa3HM), jaYMHa M3rOBOpAa, AYRMHA WAH Kpatkoha caoro Ba (akWeHTOBAHUX H HeakMeHTOBAHNX) Y peu M PevenHUH —1WHH =1poO30AM{Y cpncKora KinoKeBHOT jesuKa 90. [nasa npasiaa akuenToRaia peu cprickora KibWXeBHOr jesmKa cy cnegeha: a) jenHocnoxne HarnauieHe pew MoTy UMATH caMO cHuIa3HE aKeHTe, Ayre wma Kpatke: 3f6, sig, 6€, eéx, aiicia, xpdj, idc, iain, and, adj, 6p6g, mdj, cadj, ja, mi, Gn, nei, cabit, g4p, gj, andj, gan, cnéi; naw, edu, tlc, ade, Opdim, ibit, miu, Kou, abut, 138, KOW, cde, ced, ced, epid, epx, 6d), oh, xu, cdg, upeit, pail, Wiix, cudii; 6) sumecaoxHe pew Mory HMaTH 6HN0 KOjs{ On Halla YeTAPH AKUEHTa, ¢ THM iyo cw1a3HM aKUeHIH Mory GHTH caMO Ha MpBOM cory THX pew: af6u, paguiiun, pagiimo, iiwuimo; xcdaociuan, Heda, niikaxae; a y31a3HM ax- HeHTH MOFy 6TH Ha GH Kojem cnory BHUECIOKHUX PeYH, OCHM Ha NOCHE EM WoUXOBOM CIOL: cémax, Kaueidn, passectauinu; pdguiiu, deiiiea, ienepduuja. Ova mpasusa akueHToBama noKazahemo Ha jenHOM KpaTKOM ONOMKy H3 Auapuhesor pomana Ha Apunu hyipuje Kp mécéu, napanyacté 626, naiteao je y any suniixa. [itsao ce npdxndnan sérap. Wyn Bowe y aySian mdcrao je rnacuuju. Mitnax je omu-mao naxcbuso KAMEH Ha KOme cenit, HdcTojéha aa ce mpaGepé u pasasna rae je w urd je 76 cA Him, 3aTvia ce TewKo Mira M kao Ha TYhiM HOrama Kpé- nyo yh wa Oxonmmra. Jéaha w ndcphyhu jémpa je crlirao fo npén xyhy, 19 je mo Kao pa- wenix, Yaapieun T9m0 Ténom o spéra. [Ipd6Vheua jxyhanm cy ra JHenn y nbctemy (CaSpana geaa, 1, Tipocseta, Beorpan, i981, erp. 182). OL. TpokautuKke u eukautuxe, — Kao wm ce y HaweneHom OMMOMKy BMH, Mopen pea Koje HMajy cpoje aKuentTe y HaluieM jesuxy wma pew xoje cy 6e3 wxaxpor axuenra. Taxbe cy y arom TexcTy: je, y, ce, Ha, ga, u, Kao, go, 0, cy, ia, Te peww wae aKWeHATCKY WeNHHY HAM ca pewma wenpen ce6e, mK ca pewuma H3a ce6e. Peuu koje Hemajy cBora axueHta seh WMHe aKUleHaTcKy WeaHHY ca pejy 13a ceBe cy MpOKAMTHKE: y GHD, ¥ gyOinu, o apdiua. Kaya Taxpe pew croje y3 pew ca cunasuum axyentuma (", *), He yecTo Mory penyhia Ha ceGe Taj aKileHat, H To 6110 Kao KpatxocunasHu (*), 6110 Kao xpaTxoyaiasun (*) axyenar: J guy (on y gj), Og Kyhé (on og Kihé), mehy uma (mehy wilma); 5 sopy (omy s6py), nd eogy (on na edgy), 3 ipag (ony ipdg), itz gana (on u3 gava) H CH. Yana3un Ayr aKNeHTH HuKaga ce He MpeHoce Ha MpOKAATHKe. EuxtutTuxe cy peau xoje Hemajy cgora axnenta a y roBopy ¥HHe H3ro- BOpHY Wenuuy ca peyjy Hcnpea ce6e. Y Hapenenom Auapuhesom TexcTy To cy ye- aimie: duileao je, gilsao ce, ca peswMa je H ce Kao CHKAIMTHKaMa y UMA, OGH4HO cy 10 HeHarnameHdH O6AMUM NHYHAX A MOBpaTHHX 3aMeHsna (4¥sM CMO ia, npénao ce, niicanu cMo jof) 3aTHM Kpahw o6nHuH NOMOhHNX rnarona jecam H xohy (pinKo cam, panwan cite, n6hu hemo). Tlpokantuke cy ono npeanosn, pewue (naptuxyate) M BesMUN. BagaTax, — OSenexute sHauHMa warmaufene cnorose, Kao H Ayre HeHarna- lene cnorose y cenehem rexcry: 3a Bpeme rpahera npyre, caer je npBK NYT OCeTHO 1a To HHje BUINe OHA Alaa, curypia a Ses6pioKna sapata 43 MpBHX TomAHa MocTe oKynauAje. Beh HeKo- AMKO OCKEAEMX TOAKKA cKaYy eRe POSH H CBAaKOMHeBHAM HOTpeDama. Crayy, a HHKa ce He Bpahajy, Hero Tocse xpaher mim Ayer BpemeHa cKa4y noHoEO... To je wexa ayaa m noaMyKaa urpa, Koja cae Behem Spojy yma cBe weuthe 3aropyasa 2HBOT, ANH NP °THB koje ce He Moe HAUITA. (U. Anapah, Ha Tpuu hyipuja, Tpoceera, Beorpaa, 1981, 261). 92. VW mapenenm 1 po30_ujckm saHHouM (axneHaT mM KBaHTHTeT, Tj. jLy- >kHHa WIM KpaTKoha caMOrmachHka) y HallleM KIBIDKEBHOM jesHKy MopibodpoHoTo- like cy Mpupose, feo cy rmacoBHor cacTaBa peuM, OnH. He0 cy MPOMeHE OGmHKA peun H TBOpGe peau. Kao TaKBA, TH MPOIONH|CKH SHHHOU H cb OHO. 0 WKH Cy Suri — majy quctupxtueny (pasmuxosuy) cyuKunjy. Tako, Ha mpHmep, ckym coriema ipdg 3naun ,Hacemeno MecTo", a ipag — lem W3 OGmaka“; eadga 3Ha4n pra Apkapie BracTH, a eadga je oOnnK 3. 1. jx. mpesenTa rnarona endgataiu; 2eena je OGIHK HOMMHATHBA jp, a 2¢6ud — OGNMK TeHUHTHBA MHOKUHe HeTe HMCHH- te, Kao WTO je 4céHé TeHHTHB jf. a ”éHe — HOMHH. — aKy3. MHOXKHHe Te HMcHHLC; ckyn cbouema — pext cd.au je TeauTas — qaTus — wncrpymenram — noKarwe ja. uMennue uj je OcHOBHU OGAMK (HOMMHATHB) cd, NOK je pes coal — 3. 2. jn. npesenra raarona cOauiliu; pes céno je HMeHHIA ca 3HaYeHKeM ,Marbe Hace me jn 4lcy CTaHOBHMUH MPeTexKHO seMmopanHMMH, apex céao — HMeHHUa ca 3HaYeILEM cenesbKa, 3a6ana"* Te, # MHOTe pyre Takne, Napowe ped MopPodpoHOsIOUIKH H SHaICHLCKH pad- AMKyje caMo aKYeHAT, OAHOCHO KBAHTHTeT HeHArNauleHor cnora. 6. TMACOBHE AJITEPHALIWJE 93. Tlocmapajyhu pean edjuux, edjuuse, sojutixe, aojuiyuma, Koje cy pasHH o6auun (nayexn) jenHe ucTe pewH, MAK peyH pyKa, pyyuya, pyveiiuna, ppuspga, 3a Koje je OWT eAHO fa cy Nocnemise TPH HaNpaBsene ON npse (pyxa) HACTABLUMA 3a TBopoy peyH (-uua, -eiliuna, -ypga), 3aNaKaMO a Ce CyFNaCHHK K W3 HUXOBOT OcHoBHor OGnuKa (BojHux, pyka) Y APYTHM HHXOBHM OOJRUKMA, WH y pewHMa Of HUX HactanuM, Hekaa 3aMemyje cyrnacHuuyma ym 4, TaKBa 3aMeHa ce 3a- naka Wy OHOCy pexH: gpfi — gpfxe — gp} Kuna — gpyxuillu ce; 3dgpyia — 34- opysu — stgpyocnii — sdgpyowan; iicaiiu — até; pesaiiu — pexés; epdbay — epéiuu; passeceauiiu ce — pancyusiizaiiu ce, re ce cyrnacuuK i 3amewyje cy- TMACHHKOM 94, CYTACHUK C— CyFACHHKOM wi, CYTSACHUK 3 CYTACBYKOM 9 (pas-: paxe-), cyrnachHK 6 — cyrnacHHKOM i. Vi kog camoraacuutka ce Yecro wanasH samena. Kaxkemo na MMeHHUe cé20 H @ee npwnanajy jenHoj spcru jep uMajy ucty aeKamMaunjy (cero — ceaa — ceay...: Home — toa — tomy ...), an ce pasmuKyjy y ToMe mTO ce npBa y HOMMHATHBY 3aBpiiava BOKAOM -0, a APyTa BOKAMOM -e; TNaronckH KOpeH ABay rmarona exduiuu w exdxailiu, KOjK HMajy Y OCHOBH HCTO 3HayeRe, y NpBOM HMa 0 Y ApyroM a; pean Wahu m WOK, KOje cy ¥ OMRTIERHO} sHaeTECKOj BesH, NOKA3yjy OmHoe BOKasIa €:0 y CBOjKM KopeHHMa. 94, Opakso cMermpatbe rulacopa Y ped Mp NpoMeHH weHOr OGNHKa WM NH TBop6M wa3HBa ce FMacOBHOM anTepHauMjoM (mpeMa aaTHHCKOM alternatio — cMewMBatbe, Meratbe). Tuacosm Koju yuecTBYjy y TakBOM CMerbH- Bawy cy antepHant (saMenunH). Opa antepHanuja ce ocrsapyje y npomMenH o6nHKa (mopdonornjn) # y Thop6u peux. JenHe on THX anTepHauuja HacTajy Hy cana BHA JoMBUM TjlacoBHHM mpoMeHama. Taka je antepHaunja 6: y oOnMUNMA epabay H epaiiyu; sBy4Ho 6 ucnpen GesBysHor 4 3aMeHeHo je GesBy1HuM MapwaKom @ (jeanauenem no apyynoctx). Taxsa je # antepHaunja 3: y mpeduxcy pas-, KojH he mpeg conanToM 6, y paseeceauiliu ce, OCTATH HenpoMeHeH (ca 3), HOK hie ce npen HpeawoHenvaHUm 4, ¥ juucuiliaidiu ce, W3MCHUTH y 0K: paow- (jenHAYeHEM NO MecTy tTeop6e): paxyuauimaiau ce. [pyre of atepHauMja HacTane cy y TOKY pa3BuTkKa Haller je3HKa, JaBHO, KAO NPOHSBO HekaMawlHX TsACOBHHX MPOMCHA H KAO TAKBE ce owysane y faHaulieum OGnuumMa pew. Taxa je, peuuMo, antepHanuja o: a Y peuwma ckduuiiu : cxdkaiiu, waH e: oy pequma wehu : 16K; 3a1mM anTepHansja jappuretaxa -o:-e y pewHma céso: ae. Takee je npupone n antepnaunja x: 1a: y pasnmranTHM OGMMUWMa HMCHHUe 6djHiK, y BOKATHBY —BO;HUe, HOMHHATHBY MHOHHE — 6ojrniuu, 1aTHBY—MHCTpyMeHTany—noKaTHBy — éojitiyuma. Tpen- wonemuahH cyracHMK ¥ (y BOKaTHBY) H 3YOHH cyIsIacHHK y pesynTaT cy MpoMeHe jaqwonenanor x Koje ce y TOMeHYTHM Nanex¥Ma Hallio Hcnped caMornacHHKa mpeateer peza (e # u), To je Gana Bpcra npynarohjasama w3rosopa cyrsacHuKa K 42BOKAIMMa H3a Hera, MOMepaie apTuxyaaiptje ca Jafiber Henla Ha npemte, ca IpeTBapaibeM Y MpemOHENYanN cyTACHNK 4, OAHOCHO 3YOHH 4 — NanaTamusaynja. Tanatammsaunja je racopHa npomewa xoja ce BpINHa y aBHOj NpOULIOCTH Ha- urer je3uxa. TIpow3B0 Tora npoueca, MehyTHM, npeHeo ce 20 RaKaWmer Hamer jesnka y O6aHKMMA, HH y TROPOH pesn (jFHdK — jynduuna — jynduuiuu ce), 640 kaO 4, KAKO ce BHAM Y NpuMepHMa y sarpagH, Guo Kao 4: jpHaK — jynduit —jy- ndyuma. Onneanux 1 comnx anrepHanuja racopa Ha BHILIe HO HMMA he ce TORO- pwrn y cnegehuM normasmuma Koja onucyjy HajBaxnnje MopiodoHomomKe mojane y CpmcKoM jeantky A AJITEPHAHHMJE CYIJIACHHKA 1, AJTEPHAUMJE 3BY4HMX UM BE3BYYHUX CYPIACHHKA GEQHAYEBE 10 3BY4HOCTH) 95. Tracouua nojasa nprsarobasarwa cyrnacunka apyrHM cyrnacHmumea y HOM esEMeHTY apTHKyrannje Kojt MHA WHXORA 3 BY YHOCT, OmHOCHO Ge- 3BY4HOCT HazHBa ce jeguayerem cylaacHuka Ho séyunociau. Kana ce y pesm waby y AOaMpy Ba Mpasa cyrMacHHKa pa3nMyiTe SBYYHOCTA, MPBH OM THX ce npusarohapa apyrome. 3aro he ce, Ha npuMep, 3BysHO 6 3 OcHOBHOT OGmHKa UMeHHUe spabau, Kobau, KgpeGau, Kana ce ¥ OONUKY TeHHTHBA Habe npen GesByy- HKM 4, 32MeHHTH TaKohe Oe3By4HHM cyraCHHKOM wu: épaiua, Koma, oxgpenua. Victo Tako he ce 6eaysno & mpersaparH y 3By¥Ho 6 Kana ce Hake Menpes Hexor 3BYMHOT CyracHMKa: oi ca CybUKCOM -yuja Dahe HMeHMnY moOwuja, rue je 3By4HH cyraacnux 6 ymecto Gespynior w, pyri cyrnacHax of apa y HenlocpemHOM LOAMPY cBojom aptukysiauijoM yTHe Ha MPBM, 11a ce 3aTO O80 jennaYeHe Hasna pelpe- cuana acustuaayuja wo seyynocutu. Tpagit cyraacnuu, no aprHkysauHOHOM enemeHTy say4Hocr / GessysHoct (B. 1. 73), TojemeHn cy y napoRe 4njM ce HNaHOBH apraKysanMOHO pasmHKyjy camo 10 3By4HOCTH: — 3ey4Hn: 6, i, 9, hy 2, 3, Ms — Gessysnn: Hk, Wy hy Wh 6 My By Xs Me np vemy cy §, x H 4 Ge3 cuojux SBy4Hnx napssaka, Tips jenHavery, CBakH OM HRX npersapa ce y csoj 3ay4nH / GeaBy4Hn napwsak. Mlocneniba Tpn Gesnyyna octajy He- u3MeWwein, jep KeMajy napibaka. Tako ce 2o6xjajy antepuaunje y mpumepuma 6luujé spaday, — spaiia; tow — ro6uxja Hike it 6é — Gexcrwo; 6ypex — 6ypeiyuja g | i; mw] g wasagak — Hasamka; cpa — cpag6a dim AIS xéh — xéhua we | wt; wi | oe apowax — apuKa; slee]s3 ugneTeTH — HeTpyaTH; cjeaMHHTA — supyxHTA: oer wapyyHTH — HapyyOuna Bespyynu cyrnacuwus g, x a 4 Henpent 3By4HHx OcTajy HenpoMemenn (jep He- Majy cpojux 3eysinx napraka): Bpx6ocna, Caauxbeioeuh. Hapasio, onn can 4BYury Ha apTuxynanujy aBysHNX cyrnacHMka Koja ce Haby Mempen HX, Na ce TH cyrnacnnmm jeamiaye npema wuma, najyhw cBoje Gessyyne napHake: NogneTeTH — NlodixpanutM; paanereTH ce — pacbopMupath; HsByha — HcuypeTH. Vicnpen conanata (rnacuuxa), Koj cy 3By¥HH, cyriacnHn He Merajy cBojy aBY¥HOCT, OMHOCHO GesBYTHOCT: HIMPBATH, HaneTeTH, cjenHAHTH, CMpBHTH, CTHKA, cadjciiso, maop6a, mapantn, mpecta. CoHanTa (rnacHanH), TaKole, He Mcwajy cpojy sBysHoct Kaa ce Haby ucnpen Ge3ByaHNX cyrnacHHKa: KPCT, pT, Janko waM- Tat, UMHK, TaaK, CTpanka, CHamka, TO*CKH. 96. Anrepuaunje cyrnacumxa no sBy4HOCTH yenoBmene cy nonoxKajem (10- aumujoM) THX Ts1acopa. OHH ce Memajy 360r pasnMKe y ApTHKY.IAUHOHOM cacTojKy aBy4HOcT /GesBysHOCT, H TO TaKO WITO APYrM no peny cyrnacHux HaMehe cBOjy apruxyzaunjy mpsom. ¥ x3roBopy ce oBo jeaHayere BpILM yBeK y jensoj peu, na Nak M Ma rpanuun w3Meby pes. Ha npumep, mu peseunny: Caaexo je kog Kyhe uc gpyiom pagu sagailixe, Tako wanwcany, 3anpaBo M3ropapamo: CnaBKo je Kota xyhe u 3 gpyion pann 3anarke, Tj. cam yMecro g y mpeamory Kog (jep je Henpex Gesny4nor x y xyha), H ca 2 yMecto c (jep je Mpenmor ¢ nenpen sayynor g y HMeHOH gpyi). MebyTHm, y nucamy ce jeniaveme cyrnacuuxa o6enexapa caMo Kaj ce BPUH Y Tpanuuama jesue pewn, H TO AOCHERHO, ca TAO YTBpheHuM w3y3cINMA. 97. Haur npawonue npensuba cnenehe usyserke: 1) ¥ mcarsy g ocraje HemaMereHo y nonoxajy Henpen Gesny4HHX cH wd, TO Y CBHM NomoxajHMa y pew: dgcycilieo, ipégceguux, cpdgciieo, ipagcxit; tpeg- wkoackit, oguéiiaiiu, iogutwuaiu; 2) y nucawy } octaje HeHsMemeHo Henpen HacTaBKa -cilieo: eohcilie 3) y nHcamy HeM3MemeHH ocrajy 3By4HH cyrnacHHuM npen GesBy4HNM MH, o6pHyTo, Kaa ce Hanase Ha Kpajy npedukca, HIM pew y cnoxeHHnama, na 6x MpoMewa yrHuana Ha 3Haveme: upégiaypcxa (BpeMena), Hdgilexci, agxepenilian, toctigiiaomcku, jypucgiixyuja; 4) y mucawy cyrmacHuM octajy HeHsMeHeHM, UITO ce 3ByHOCTH M GeaBy4- HOCTH TH4e, Y HCKHM CTpaHHM WMeHAMa H TIpHAeDHMa On BHX H3BeNeHHM: Bd- wuniiion, eiuuniiioncki, XG6cbypi, XA6c6ypiosyu, TMuiicbypi. Harnaurapamo ,,y nucany“ — jep ropopHa HOpMa oBfe OCTyNa Of NucaHe, Tj. ogcyciligo, y CTBapH, H3FORApAaMO Kao oflicycilieo. HATIOMEHA. — Jletamua ynytctsa Baan y [Tpasoiucy. Samarax, — Visqpojre y asa wmsa xoje here osnaumra ca ,,(a) wsepuieno Jegnaverse to 2¢yxnociiu:' 4 Ca ,,(6) muje usepmeno jegnavere lio seysnocimu:” — cneaehe pew: Pacnacra ce, spanuia, pasMorpHTH, Des6pwxaH, HaTNpHPONHH, RanMeTaTH ce, Besnahe, Secnpexopan, Aonacka, Aaltma, NOTHOpy¥HHK, MpencenHHK, MpeqcKasarM, mpeawoncKm, xocuaba, Mpanoserka, ONMEpUIR, OTKPUTE, xagUNO, rpucta (rpw30x), KPHBH. 2. AJITEPHAUMIE Cif, 3: K, H:M GEQHAYEHE TO MECTY WIM HAYHHY APTHKYJIALIJE) 98. 1) Kana ce y o6nmyyMa win y TBop6u peun crpyjHH 4yGHM cyrnacHMyA ¢ 43 Haby npen mpenionenvauam cyrnacHunuma f, fi, HW, ¥, J, 1, Wd HOI, TIpeTBa- pajy ce y Mpeaonervane cyrmachHke w H 2c: 443aMMCHUTH — 3aMMuubeH; cHocHTH — CHOwbHB; (c-+4HCTHTR) — wuvicTH- TH; (c+hyhyputa ce) — whyhyputH ce; MucnM — MHwby; MasHTH — masksbMB; KASHHTR — KagKHHB; (H¥-+HuKaTH) — noxbnxatn; (pas- + yannratH ce) — pancunnntatn ce. Antepuaunje c: uw M 3:9 Hactane cy Tako UITO je ApyrH ynaH wuxOB (we M9K) IpOH3BOA MpeHoulema apTuKynanuje cH 3 Ha Mpenwe HENNE, WME ce OHH jenHave ca mpeamoneryannm cyrnacHMWAMa ww H 94. 99. 36or jenHayerba no sBysHocTH, npupogHo je ITO cy YecTO y exy¥ajy oBNx antepnaituja sactymmene u antepnanuje ¢ : /u/ :o¢ M3: [>x/:w. To snaun na he, Ma IpUMep, Y HactaHKy ca mpeduxcoM cnoxeHor Tnarona 6TH OBAKAB HHS: vg + synatH > meaynatH —> nusynath pas -+ 4HCTHTH > pacsncTHTM —> pawanctaTH Tipso ce aayyHo 3 3 npeduxca uajenHaus0 mo 3ByyHocTH ca GessyytHM TpenHOHENYaHHM 4 Mpen KOjHM ce HAULNO, Tj. npeuUsIO y GesBy"HO c, a 3aTHM ce AcHMMIaNHjOM nO MecTy TBOpGe MpeTBOpHO y NpenHoHENYaHO wl. 100, 3yGun cyrnacunust cH 2 nenpey nperonenyanHx coMaHaTa % His Hehe ce MemaTH y Mpemonenvane w Hae y apa cnysaja: a) y choxenumaMa Kaja ce HMA sappulapa NpBH eo chomenuue, a mpyrH MOwMEe COHAHTHMA % H 16: PASHYTHTH Ce, HamYOHTH, HSFAXATH Ce, CRYOHTH ce, CHYMITHTH — 360r ncuxonomke (3Ha¥eRcKe) rpaHHue H3Mehy MpBor mM ApyTor Zea cnoxKe- Hue, Koja y3poxyje H H3BecHY Tlay3y y HsTOBOpy; H 6) kana ce cH 3 Hana3e MONpeN # H MH HACTAMNX Om 4 HHH cyrnacHUKa j 3 je Koje je Hacrano ox crapora riaca jail (k), HapaBno, y (i)jeKaBcKoM usroBopy: HOCMeAHLH (eKABCKH tiocaegrou), HACmEAHHK (eK. HacaegHuK), copeme (eK, caeme); cHhekaH (CK, cHeocan), cHexaHHnA. 101. Antepraunja x: Hactaje Tako mo ce weH upyrH unan (4c) qoGHja kana y TBOp6M pew » Aofe Mpe MBoycHeHe cyrnacuuKe 6 uw. Couaut x, Ha NpH- Mep, KOjM Ce Hana3M y peyHMma dpexpana, cilian, 3eaen, xunuidu TIpey, HACTABLMa 3a TBopby -6a, -Gen(u), -Gah saMewmyje ce WROYCHeHUM Ha3aTNMM COHAHTOM Mm, Koj HMa HCTO MecTo TBopGe Kao H ABOYCHCHH cyrnacHHK 6 y THM HacTaBLHMa: pexpamGenn, cramGeun, sexem6ah, xnm6a. Y upumepuma: ciipaniiyauua, jeganijil, upscniiépxa, eogenby6a, stin6pogcrii, Kojit cy, 38 paSiMKy OM HABeNeHMXTASBCHeHUX pew, CO KEHUME, NCHXOIOM- Ka (sHaeHcka) rpaHuua HSMehy MPBOT M Mpyror wena cHOKeHHUC y HIBECHO| MepH cripeyapa 11poMeHy # ¥ 4H Y HaroBopy. Baro y NHcawy OBO H ocTaje: 3, AJITEPHALMIJE K, ©, X: 4, K, Wu K, T,X: Uf, 3, C (AJATAIM3AUWJA MU CABHJIAPH3ALIMJA) 402. 1) Anrepnamuje x: v, 1: 1 Wx: w, Tj CMerbHBAHbe saHoHeMTaHHx cy- TuacHHka x, i MX WUXOBHM TpeawOneNVaHHM 3aMeHMNHMa (asTepHaHTHMa) 4, ae, wt, Haase ce y cneaehum o61M4KUM H TBOPGEHAM TonoxajHMa: 45a) Y wokaTupy jefHMHe HMeHMLa MylIKOr pop, Kaya ce x, 7 Hx Haby Hempes, HactaBKa -e: eojnuye (on eojnux), gpyoce (ON gpyi), gywe (on gyXx): 6) y npeseuTcKuM o6anUMMa raarona “aja ce HAduUNHTHBHA OcHOBa 3aspuiasa Fa 3afHOHCNYaHM CYrIacHHK, Kaa ce OHM Haby Mpen -e H3 HacTaBka 3a MpesentcKy ochosy: eyvem, eywew... (on eyhu, uuja je MMMHHTHBHA OcHOBA BHAUHBA n3 @OpHcTa 6yK-0-x), clupuscem, cuupuoeu (Oo; cilipuhu, cilipui-o-x), epurem, spuieu ... (ou ephu, epx-o-x); Tpehe nue MHoxUHe THX Tarosia (y KojeM HeMa -e) rnack: OHH 6yKy, ciipuiy, 6pxy; 8) y MpeseHTcKHM O6nMUNMA Tiarona ca HHIbHRUTHBHOM OcHOBOM Ha -a, kana ce x, i M x Haby ucmipey e: euvem, euvew... (On euxaitiu), cipyocenm, cilpy- eeu... (00 ciipylaitu), Mawes, Maweu... (Maxaidu); KON OBHX Tiarona Hy Tpehem THUY MHOxWHE MpeseHTa NocToje NpembOWeNIaANN aNTepHAHTH: OWN ex4y, ciipyoy, Mauy; r) y Kommapatisy M cynepsarmey mpyyena, Kana ce K, iM x Haby ucnpen “Uy -a, (om Hexayaunper HactapKa -ju, ~ja, -je... 3a KOMMapaTue): jaw (on jax), jaxa, jaxe; gyocu (00 gyi), gyaica, gyaKe, tuuu (tux) ATA... ca cynepnaTHBHMa HapaBHo, Hajjawu, najgyacu; Hajiuuu; 4) y OOsHNUMA MHOxHHE KMEHHUA OKO K yxo: ou — owujy — ouuma; yw — yutujy — yuuma; 5) y uaneqeHuM pewuMa, Kana ce 3anmoHenaHM cyrnacHHUH x, 7M x Haby upea Hactapuuma 3a Teop6y; Taxo he, Ha NpHMep, 3amboueMaNM cyrAacHHK — K WS pew Momax y M3BEReHMUH c HacTaBKOM -e OATH 3aMeHeR NpemmoHeNsa- HEM 4: Momue (gesojka — geaojue; hax — have); — 143 pe4wH gpyi y W3BeqeHMUN c HacTaBKOM -uia GATH 3aMeHeH MpenHoHera- HUM 9«: gpyoicuna (poi — poouna); — X M3 peun ipax y MaBeReMAUH C HaCTABKOM -uua, WAM ~ NpeAwoHeNYaHHM wi: Gpauuna, OK. ipauniu. (au) 6uTH samenen Tipeatsonensann aatepHaHTH ¥, 0%, ui 3a xk, i, x Haase ce Mpeg MHOTHM Ha- crapuyMa 3a Tsop6y pewn, na je oBa anTepHaunija (sanmoenvaHn /mpemoHeNaHk) aactynumena y MHOTHM MpMMepuMa, KAO WITO cy: Spa — spavak, gax — gawax, 6pei — 6peosax (naKne, Henpen -aK); Mpax — Mpauan, ciipax — cilipawan, gyi — gyocan (ucmpen -an); ayk — ayuuh, Goi — Gooreuh, gax — gawuh (uenpen -uh); ayk — eyuuya, Hola — nooeuya, myxa — Mywuya (MeRpeR -wua) M MHore pyre peuu waBeneHe HactaBMHMa: -ay (poi — pooway), -cKu (somax — Momauku), -una (syk — eywuna), -uuiue (pox — powuuiuie), -ypga (noia — no- scypga), -u(1H) (gyi — gyacuiliu, upax — tipauuinu). 103. 2) Anrepuanuje x ° 4, £3 Wx > c, Tj. cMeuparba saqmoneruannK x, 7 M_X WHXOBHM 3yGHHM 3aMeHHUHMa (anTepRAHTHMa) y, 9H c Haase ce y cnemehaM oGmauHMa: a) Y npoMenn uenmua, Kata ce saisoneriann cyrnacumum x, it mx Haby Mpea w y HacTaBIMMa 3a OGaHKe: pyyy (aaTHB — nOKaTHB jn. Om pyKa), Ho3U (Za THB — AOKATHB jX. Of Hola), opacu, opacusa (HOMMHATHB MH. H aT. — RECT. — — MOK. MH. Off opax), 6) y uMneparuay raarona 4uja ce ocHoBa saBpulapa Ha 3amoHeMyaNH cy- TAACHHK: Heyu, Heyumo, teuuiie (on Tnarona dehu —- texox — texy), ciipust, ciipu- 46suMo, clipusuiae (On 12. citipuhu — cipuiox — ciapuiy), spcu, epcuso, epcuine (on ti. ephu — epxox — epxy), nj je OOnHK spulu y CABpeMeHOM jesuky OOHYHHjH; 8) y MMnepdexty ucTax Tux raarona: deyujax, cuipuaujax, speujax. 104, Y wauiem KiwkeBHOM jesHky nosHuMOHA anTepHaNuja K, i, x: 4, 3, unak Huje 3acTynmeHa y cnenehum cayyajesuma: a) Kana ce saqHoneriatm cyrnacinmm maby y asim umenmma: Sata — Batu, Josanxa — Josanku, Ayka ~ JTyxu; 6) Kana ce 3ammonenyanH cyrnacuMun Haby y rpynama 31, ux, cx, uk, hk y MMeHHUaMa: Masia — Ma3ziu, KOuKa — KouKU, Wacxa — wacxUu, MaYKa — Ma4UKU, upahxa — upahxu; 5) Kafa ce 3anHoHenuann cyrnacHuk K Hae y rpynu wx, a pey je 0 mBO- CHOKHHM UMeHHUAMa: Meiixa — MewiKu, Mowika — moiuKu, yeuka — yeitiKu (Ma- 7a Ma H TaXBHX HMeHMUAa y KojuMa je anTepHaunja sactynmena: GuiKa — y bu- uu <- Guitiu <- GuiuKu); 1) Kafla ce 3a nOHeNMaHH Cyr aCHHK Hana3H CaM y peyHMa Of Mabe CnoroRa (ie y rpyni ca ApyraM cyrsiacHMKom), a y KojuMa On 3aMena 3y6HNM cyrnacHHKOM OBE NO Hejackohe y sHaveHby: 6dka — Gdku (a He duu), céxa — céxu (a ne céyu), kalixa — katie (He Kaiiu): gia — géiu (a He g3u), atta —~ atiiu (a we isu). 105. Hu anrepnannja x, 1, x ° 4, 2, we Huje ypex sactynmena, 1a ocroje cme- achit cny#ajesn w3y3xMaiba On 3aMeHe 3ajOHeMMAHHX cyraacHuKa npeamonen- 4AM 4, oc, W Mone HaCTABAKA C BOKATHMA eH u: a) Y npwyesuma m 3amennuama: gyiu — gyium — gyiux — gytuma; jaxu — jaxu — jakux — jakusa; muxu — uxu — tuxux — itwuxusta; neu, Koaunu, KOaUKUX — KOAUKUM, WoAUuKU — Toaukum — Woaukux — ioauxuma; 6) y oGnHuHMa UMeHHUA, Henpem HacraBKa -e; eojhuKe, cayie, cHaxe; 8) y H3BeneHHM MpunebuMa, ucnpen HacTaBKa -un 3a HUXOBY TROp6y On HMe- nna: Ancun on Anka, 3aiun on 3aia, cHaxun on cHaxa. 106, HATIOMEHA. — Cre onncane antepuanuje npousson cy npomenta Koje cy ce Bpuinae ¥ aaneKoj MpousIOcTH Hauler jesHKa (jou ¥ npacAOBeNCKOM nepHoay), a UnjH CY ce pesyararn cayysaan y oSaMUMMa Wy H3BODEWwY pew. Te npomene Sane cy acummnaumowor rapakTepa HauMe saaioHenyaHt CyIIaCHRUK x, i, x MpHnarohanan cy ceojy aptaxynauniy npema aprakynaunjn cyraceiaa j M npeMma noxasieMa npemmer pena (tana cy To Gun ec, u, MONYTAACHHK Mpeatwer pena b, jar — b, HOCHH CaMornacHHK ¢), pekocu.am je wanpea —~ Ha TPO Nene, YMeKuaBajyhH k, (, x, KOjH CY TaKO NanM Aba nia cyraacHuKa: 4, a, w HY, 2, ¢ TIpRH Hi HiHHe MpeMOHEMaKH, Uatawaane cyrnacHH- Luu, na je npouec Heuxoor AOGHjawa on K, |, x Y MCTOPHjM jesMKa HasBAR Na wat aH 3a- unja. JIpyru nwa anne sy6nu cuOHnaHTH (iiMcKaBH) 3M CM 3yOHa AbpHKaTa (coMBEHH cyrmacHiK, Ca NAICKABHM cacTojKOM) u, na je NpoweC HHXOBOF AOBwjama OA x, fx HAIBAH cuSunapwaaunja ToKoM speMena rnacosHa npomexa nianaranusanuja (cxSutapHsauja) je npectana, 4 3a Bpeme menor Tpajalba Ha MeCTHMa Tie Ce RaHAC Haase BOKATH e, uy HACTABLUMA Sunn cy y HeKMM cay¥ajesHMa ApyrH BoKANH, KOjM HHCY YapoKoBamM NanaTammauniy. Oryaa natiac noctoje HeM3Mermenn 3ammoHeENvaHM cyriacHHUM y MHOTAM MPHMepHMa: Kuke (amano wae, ren j.), Muxe, aute, aye, Ovxe, Pyke, oie, jynakurea, Kuelurbsa, MOHAXU- ved, pyxuua (NOPEA pyuuua), HoiuKa (OPER HOxuUA), cuaxuwa (OPEN chauuNa) HCH. Banarax. — (a) Mpomerme no oBamumMa uMeRMue: sojuux, Hemak, pagnur, 9PYl, pat, Kwai, wuupai, cupomax, opax, upegax; sagpyia, cuaxa, wiuawerKa — W osHaunre antepHaunje cyriacuuka Koje cre sanasumn. (8) Ox umewnua: iewax, cupomax, gpyi, xrouia, upax, easgyx, pyka, jabyxa, o6xak, pot — wacranuMMa 3a Teopby pes (HNP. -u-TM, -aH RTA.) HAYMHNTE ApyTe pew (rnarome, npauiese, apyre HMeHHIe) H OsHAYMTe aslTepHauje cyrnacHMKa Koje sanaxare 414, AJITEPHAL[WJE HEHEMYAHMX CA MPEJHOHENYAHHM CYIrACHHLLUMA GOTOBAHE) 107. TIpu nocmarpansy ocnosnor o6sHKa npuseBa Ops, 6psa, Opa0, n weropor KoMmapatuna 6pacu, Gpoca, Gpoce, 3anaxxa ce a je 3 43 OCHOBKOT OGRKA 3aMeHCEO cyrmacHukom a. IIpeu raac je crpyjHn 3y6HM, nakne — HeHen4aHH-(He H3- roBapa ce Ha HeNyHMa), Apyru rac je crpyjHH Npe AwOHENYAHH CyriacHHk (wsrosapa ce Ha mpemiem TBPHOM Hemmty). Tako je H y oHOCy OGAKKa: mepg — wephu (1j. HeHenvano g: npenwoxeniano }), 2yia — ayhu (HeKeNMano Mi: npen- moveNtaHo A), Kocuii — nowen (HeHeNYaHo c: MpenwoHeniano w), modula — Mo.ven (HeHEMYaHO 4: NpeAwOHENYaHO 2), 3aTHM HY NPOMeHM HMeHMLA: fag — tnaby (g : }), maagocat — maagowhy (i: h), Wy TBOp6M peyn: (4HTATH > | HU Wan — yuiliawe (x: 1), upyii — ipyhe (m:h). Mopelewe nenenyanux cyrna- CHMKa y OCHOBHM™M OGAHIQHMa ca NpesHOHENYaHHM KOjH Ce Ha HHXOBOM Me- cry jasnajy y O6.1HMHMa THX pewu, HIM Y H3BE Te HUM peyMMa On THX OCHOBHHX, MOKa3yje fla y HaUleM KrbHKEBHOM je3HKy NocToje antepHaunje — Henerannx cyraacnnka: 30g man — ca — mpemtbonenanum cyraacunnama meu hh ww 108. Y ucrum THM OOAMNHMA HK Mes HeTHM HacTaBHHNMMa 3a TROP6Y peut — ycHeHH HeHenyaHn cyrnacHHun: 6am e — antepuapahe ca — rpynama: 6m ib Ma 6 na he, wa mpumep, GutH: By6uTH — myOoeH, KYUMTM — Kya*eH, NOMMTH — no- MACH, CIABHTH — cnaeeseH; rpy6 — rpy6.ou, raya — raywen, cye — cyean. 109. Y cpnckome KibwkeBHOM je3HKY npemHoneryann anrepHanTn He- HemuaHux cyrnacHuka jasmajy ce y crexehum cnyyajesuma a) Y o6anguma — 1) Kommapatupa npaaena: — 2) npesenta rmarona: 6p3 — 6pxcu 3:9 sesaiiu — sexem sucox — eumu cru iucaitiu -— tues mepg — tephu g:h inogaiiu — taohest ay — awyhu ah Meitiaiiu — mehes 6eo (6exol) — Gesu A: Maciiu — me.vem pu — uprou Hit [oxetiu]* — scare ipy6 — ipy6.ou 6:68 so6aiuu — s06.0em iyi — imyieu he kaliaiau — Kaiiwem oye — cyeau; MMe xpamatin — xpamwen — 3) rpnor npaaesa raaroaa: poguiliu — pohex; maaviutau — maahen; eoaewiu — 6o.een; xpanuimu — — xparen; caasuiliu — caasven; Mazuitiu — marcex; Hocuilia — HoWLeH; * om crapor asavru (Zeti — Ze°ti), min, HAHIEUN, HKRHEET — KAHIEM', AEBMEETE, KAEARTE, 48— 4) ummepdexta rnarona: ipaguiiiu — ipahax; maaiiuiau —- maahax; iazuiiu — waoKax; nocutiiu — nowax; taauitu — tanax; caasuiliu — caasiax; — 5) uncrpyMenrana jeanHHe AMeHHMa >%cHCKOr poma Ba cyrnacHHk: iaag — iaahy; cmpia — cmphy; co (coau) — coay; séaén — sbaerey; 306 — 306y; Kai — Kailwy; Kpe — Kpemy. 6) ¥ rnop6u pew — Henemyann cyriacHHk H3 OCHOBHe pew npe MHOrHM HaCTaBIHMa 3a TBOP- Gy pean 3aMeneH je HpemoHeNaNUM cyTIACHHKOM, Ha NPHMep, ¥ TBOPON UNe- Hula: apyii — ipyhe, open — Kopere, ipm — ipM.ve, (neBaTH —>) ieean — deearee; mpanena: iosego — iosehu, uae (tuaeia) — iuachu, 6aeg — 6aehan; rnarona: usipag-u-TH — usipdh-uea-TM, ucxpay-W-1 — ucxpare-uea-1M, onus-H-TH — donuse-aba-TH, dpeiiiaadi-w-Tn — tipetusah-uea-TH. 110. HATIOMEHA. — Anrepnamuje neneruanx cyrmactnxa ca npextonemdanim MpowsBo cy M HeKANAUGNX ACHMATANHOHIX Mpomena aptaxynaunje Henenvanyx cyrmacnxa y BeaH ca TlasiaTaHUM MeKHM conaHtoM j. Hamme, ¥ paaHMM panijHM TlepHo- ‘mvwa pasbutka Hauer jesuKa, sySHH CyFACHMLM 3, c, gH i MCTPEN CONAKTA j npeHOCHAH ‘cy cBojy apruxy.naunjycaay6a wa Tapio Herne, mito je FuiaBHA eneMeHAT Har OBOpA H COHAHTA Paw @ 78), Hpm Hemy je XooujeHo On Ci, On 3X On gJ—b, On jh; anneo- ‘MAHI « HH Ca] AAB2JIM CY J HH H YCHEHM 6, 2, MH 6 AH CY TNACOBHE TPYTIC 61, ie, Mab H eq, Ta npomena 4asusa ce jolioeane. Y roxy nctopuje cpncKoxpsarckor jesuxa Gy10 je y pasMHMTHM BpeMeHUMa HeKO- amo joronawa. Hajctapuje je ono xoje je ctBopuzo artepHaunje y OMAHA 1 POME He (cesaiau —- sexem, poguiiu — pohex) uy MHOTHM H3BEHeHAM pexnma (ipaguitu — ipaha). Marae je, WK HOBO, joToRare y MHOTHM HBRENEHUM PeLHMA, KAO u1TO CY HMEHTILE wapeneHe HacrasKom -je, Kana ce joryiy (npetsapajy y mpeatouenvane cyrnacumke) g, i, 1A (ipoxbe ox rposg-je) apyhe on npyili-je; ‘parse Ox rpan-je, desbe OM 3eu-je), HOK Ce 3H cue Mealy npex/ (Speaje Ox Bpes-je, kaacje on xac-je), WAM HpHAeRA WapeneHH ca ju: Tosehu (on roweg-ju), iusehu (ox UIeM-jM), jecersu (OA jecenin), Suaosu (on BABOA-jA), NOK 3M j ca WCTHM HacraBKoM -ju octajy HeHaMeIeHit: Ko3ju (On KO3-fu), lagju (On MAC-jn). Hajsenahe je 138. jexancxo jorosarse, mpomena weHeniaux cyrnackuka ucnpem Je HacTa~ nor of crapor xparkor rhaca jaiti-k. Y cpncKoMe KisMrKeoHOM. je3uKy HjeKaRcKOr W2ropopa NO OBOM jOTOBAmy meibajy ce caMO COMAHTH aM HX weitlo (aa eKaB. acto), ineitoiiia (58 exaB. neuowa), roeloeatliu (34 eKaB. HelosaiZiu), wexan (2a eKap, newaH), TOK cyrnacHuns ocTajy HemIMerbent: giesojxa, eugietu, Wjepatu, cjexupa, usjectau 111, Veto raxo, y xKibwKeRHOM cpnckoMe wjeKancxor usronopa Me joryiy ce YCHeHH cyrmackulM Acupen je On CTapor KpaTKor jara: Gjemainu, ijesaiuu, ijecma, mjepa, sjepa. 112. Y xssixestiom jesuxy ce ne joryjy HH 3aBpUnH HeHeryanM cyrnaceMnm mpeduKca xojm ce nH cnaramy pew naby ucnpen mpemmoneniaor conaKra j: ‘pasjegunuinu (ox pas-jexusnra), cjeguuuimu (on ¢-jennsntH), Hagjavaiiu (ox Hag-ja- warn), kamjon (y Gasmun), Kon/yiauja, objacuiau, objegunuiti. Tome AonpaHocu ncaxonomtka (3HavercKa) TpaHuua Meby Je10BHMa pein, Koja ZonpaHOCH ‘HCTBapawy H3BECHE Tlay3e y H3rOBOpy HIMehy Te/10BA THX PesH, HIM CTPAHO TOPeKTO Peak (uajexuuja, Kxonjyraumja). 113. Cpyna ci y riaronuma tyciiutiu, xpcWiuiiu, cilyciiuitu, toctiiuitiu, y onMM o6aMUuMa rie ce y TnaronuMa poguidu (pohen), maailuitu (saahex), iiaa- uit (daahen . . .) wanase joTosann antepuanru ) uA (aMnephexat, TpmHH MpHzeR, M3Be/eHH TnarosM), anTepHMpa WM ca wil, HIM ca wh; dycmiuimu — iyuiien — dywilax —- iywilaiu, om. iociiuiau — ioulier — iowhax | yiocuiumu — yiouhen — yiowhaeaiau. Y wexum cnysajesima Hama3H ce H uBojaKo (sy6eTHO): Kpciliuiiu —kpuinen | kpuhen — (ann camo:) xpwhax -- xpuiasaiiu | xpuhasaiiu; yepeii- uiuu — yepwinen | yepuhen — yepuiuacaiau | yepuhacaiiu. 4 493anarax. — (a) Oa ochosunx npuaesa: eyui, gpai, 5ieg, tux, jax, 6eo (Besa, 5es0), sucox, nuzax, iopak, decan — HauuTe OBTAKE KOMNApaTHBA # OIHAYHTE alTepHa- uuje cyraaciuxa xoje sanamare. (5) Osnauure amrepyauuje cyrnacumxa Koje suanre y napopuma: 1) mcart — nue; pesatH — pexem; cnerarn — cnehem; 2) ayBox — aySzen; Tym — TyRK; KKB — xOTBH; 3) aM -- anncBaB; upp — upamup; pada — padnu; 4) xpp — xpany; nybas — aySanis) 5) ra — raahy; empr — emphy; 6) cunjer — crsexan; nujen — menora. 5B. AJUITEPHAUMJE CAMOPJIACHHKA 114, Y Hamem jesuky mma sume caMornacHH4KHx anTepHaunja, a KAKO cy ole pexyITAT HeKARAUMBHX THACOBHAX Mpoueca, ACHMHIAMMOHUX HM Mponeca y caMuM BOKaTHMa, Ma y jenHOM cayyajy Hy conaHTy 4 (mHcmuaR — Muchitoua), Te anTepHauuje ce diene Mo TAaCOBHAM MpoLecHMa KojH cy WX Mpoy3- poxosann, a nocmaTpamo ux y oGaMmuMa (MopcbonorHj) H TBOPOH pew, Hake — Kao MoprporpoHOMOMIKH GATHE cacTojKe pew. 1, MIPOMEHA O Y E H YMEKUIAHOCT CYPJIACHHKA 115. Tlocmarparsem o6nuKa mpomewe peym koje npunajajy Hero] BpeTH, Ha ApuMep, HOMMATHBA jenHUHe HMeHAIa Cero H Howe, HAH UHCTPyMeNTasA jenHunE uMennwa gpyion ¥ ipujaiuemen, pagmuxom a waaguhem, wim O6NHXA MHOKWHE UMeHHIla ipag MK ilar — ipagosu ¥ daresu, yOUaBA ce a Y HUXOBUM HacTaBLUMa 3a o6sMKe anrepHupajy oH e. ¥ mpsom cayvajy, Te uMeHMMe pasnuKyjy ce Y HO- MunaTnpy jeanmue (-o:-e) M y MacTpyMentany jenaune (om: -eM), Y BPyTOM y wuctpyMentamy jeannue (om : -em), y Tpehem — y unaxcy (yMeTKy) -o6- :-e6-. Tlopefewe camo no apa oOnmxa noKasyje astepHaljy Boxana sazimer pena o ca BOKaJIOM npemmer pena e, Opa capamima antepHannja (0: e) mponsson je HeKa- natlise achMxsaunje (jeavayera) BOKaNa Jammer pea (TBPROT) o NpeMa apTAKy- JaunjH MeKHX cyrmachHKa (NANaTANHMX) KasA ce HanasHo W3a BUX. BoKan o je Jaa MpesasHo Y cBoj Maprak Mpemwer pena e, KOjH ce apTHKYAHCAO HINNIARLEM jesuka upema npermem Henny, rile ce aprikysmuy cBu MpenwoHeNyaun cyrnacHHLH Ci, % te, hy By % 2%, UL). 116. Tlourro ce ocuosa pean Morna 3appurapaTH HeHenuaHuM (TBpaMM) waTH Tpeamouemvanum (stekana MeKMM) cyrnacHHuMMa, noOujewm cy HH30BM O6nMKA ca o — kama je Hactapak, Tj. 0 13 wera, OHO H3a TEPANX HeHenuaHUx cyrnacHuKa, H HH30BM O6s1HKa ca e — kaa je HacTabax Go W3a MpemmOHeMHAHHX (MeKHX) cy- Taachwka. 3aTo, Ha MpuMep, HHCTPyMCHTAN jeqMMHe UMeHUUA MyLIKOr Poza HMA OGAHKe ca -oM H -eMt: Opaition — maaguhem, aojuukom — Mavem, gpyiom — iiawem; HTK OGIHLH MHOKHHE HMeHRHA MyUIKOT poma OBsuKe ca -o#- H -e6-: ipagosu — Kpajesu, ayKosu — Mmuiuesu, yacosu — Masesu; BOKATHB HMeHHMA KeHCKOT poga ka -a OGsMKe ca -0 H -e: -keHo — gpylapuye; npesuMena Ha -uh w3Bene- Wa Of MpucaojHor mpunepa — oGnuxa ca -o8 H -ee: Musanoeuh — Kosayesuh. 117. Ocum mpearonervannx cyrnacHika, Koja cy HeKaga cam OM yMeKuIa~ Hu, HeKaqa cy MekH cyrnacHHUM 6HIK M COHAHT p y HeKAM cay¥ajesHMa, 3y6ua acpuxara y, Kao H Cyr acHMYKe Ipyne wii Hog. 3ATO ce H H3a BAX japma -e: médpe, dpe, iucapem, auye, auyen, Tucyes, Gojuuinem. VY ToKy pasButka wamer jesuka, MeHYTHM, p, 4, HCTO KAO HY, akc, W, WM TpyMle wilt H og, OMBPCIM Cy, Mla cy y ca~ BpeMeHOM jesHKy y yoTpeGK H OGARMH cao Ha FIX: ALAuNapoe M Maunapes, Me- ceyoM M MeceueM, Hagexcom, KOBaYOM HM KoeaueMm, dpuuiliom, 6ooKgoM. 50