ABILITY

1 can : I can speak Japanese( present ability)

2. could: I could run fast when I was young( past ability)
3. to be able to :I will be able to pass the exam under these circumstances ( future
ability)
4.can + vbs of perception-to express a present ability through one of the senses
I can see the birds flying fast.
5.cannot : lack of the ability
PERMISION
1.Can : You can borrow this pen
2. may : They may do exactly as they like ( formal permission )
3.We could go to any place we liked ( permission in the past )
4.to be allowed/to be permitted to: We were allowed to go to the cinema last week
5 might ( to express permission connected to the past ) : He might go out wherever
he wanted
PROBABILITY
1.Will :The price will go up
2. Shall :I shall be leaving as soon as I am ready;
3.must : You must be the author of the book;
4.should/would/ought to + perfect infinitive ( probability in the past )
She ought to have been home by now
5.could/might/may + perfect infinitive ( it is probable that smth was the case but
you are not sure \0
They may have secretly married

POSSIBILITY
1.can : we can swim, if the weather is fine
2. could : Dont go there,it could be a setup
3.may/might + well : strong possibility : You might well be right;
4.would+ perfect infinitive : possibility in the past : Denial would have been useless
5. could/might + perfect infinitive : possibility in the past although it did not in fact
happen
It could have been awful
6. impossibility : could not/cannot
It couldnt possibly be poison
ADVICE
1.should : You should learn this by heart
2.ought to : You ought to mind the traffic rules
3. had better : She had better work harder
4.If I were you/If I were in your shoes..
5. It is advisable/it is recommended + should.
6 .would rather/better
OBLIGATION
1.must : You must wake up early
2.have to : External obligation: We had to do what we were told
3.ought to : moral obligation : They ought to be ashamed of what they have done
4.Should : duty : You should do the job we are paid for.
5 be to : necessity : Am I to wear this dress at the party ?
REGUEST
1.will : informal : Mom, will you help me ?

2.can : simple and direct way : Can I ask a question ?

3.Could : more polite : Could I just interrupt a minute ?
4. cant :more persuasive request :Cant we have some music ?
5. may/might : formal requests: May I step in ?
ORDER
1.shall : regulations Books shall be returned in a week
2.will : in a direct way : Will you pack up and leave ?
3.would : in a polite way : Would you ask them to leave?
4.must : You must come at once;
5.mustnt: interdiction : You mustnt say a word about this
WOULD
1.polite requests
2.preferece : would rather/ would sooner
3.repeated action in the past
4.after wish/if only
5.future in the past
6. present and perfect conditional
7.probability : this woman would be his sister
8.willingness : I explained to her that she had to go there whether she would or
would not ( Paidos)