Bo co Thc tp cng nhn 2 (in t)

GVHD:L Hng Nam

Chng 1: TM HIU V CC LINH KIN

1. in tr:
1.1 K hiu:
- in tr

Bin tr:

1.2 Hnh dng thc t :

a. in tr thng

b. in tr cng sut:

c. Bin tr :

d. Tr thanh :

1.3 iu kin lm vic:

Cng sut tiu tn trn in tr nh hn cng sut tiu tn ln nht m in tr
chu c.
1.4 c thng s k thut :
-

in tr thng : c gi tr in tr qua cc vng mu trn thn in tr.

SVTH: Trn Vn Hong - Nguyn Vn Tuyn - Thi Trn Hong V

Trang 1

Bo co Thc tp cng nhn 2 (in t)

GVHD:L Hng Nam
Quy c mu quc t :
Mu
en
Nu

Cam
Vng
Xanh l
Xanh l
Tm
Xm
Trng
Vng kim
Bc kim

Tr s
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-1
-2

Sai s
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
-5%
-10%

in tr thng c quy nh 4 vng mu, in tr chnh xc th k hiu bng 5 vng

mu.

Cch c gi tr in tr 4 vng mu:

Vch mu cui cng l vch sai s. i vi mch in t dn dng th ta khng quang tm

ti vch ny. Nhng i vi mch c chnh xc cao th cn ch ti vch ny.
Vch cnh vch cui l vch l vch ly tha 10
Vch cn li l vch c ngha.
V d:
in tr c 4 vch mu

Nu

en

Vng kim

in tr c gi tr: R = 10.103 5%

in tr c 5 vch mu:
Nu

Lc

Vng kim

Nn in tr c gi tr: R = 125.103 5%

in tr cng sut v bin tr gi tr c ghi trn thn ca n.

in tr cng sut: gi tr in tr v cng sut ti a cho php m in tr chu c ghi

trn thn ca in tr.
1.5 Mch nguyn l :
SVTH: Trn Vn Hong - Nguyn Vn Tuyn - Thi Trn Hong V

Trang 2

Bo co Thc tp cng nhn 2 (in t)

GVHD:L Hng Nam
Theo nh lut Ohm:

R 1

E
E
R
R
I

Cng sut tiu tn:

Ptt I 2 .R

Ptt I 2 .R Ptt max

iu kin in tr lm vic bnh thng:

1.6 Cch kim tra in tr : Dng ng h VOM kim tra in tr
-

Kim tra in tr cn hot ng hay chy:

ng h VOM thang o thng mch, chp 2 que o li vi nhau, ng h pht ra ting
kiu v n sng th kt lun mch thng.
Chp 2 que o ca ng h vo 2 chan ca in tr. Nu ng h pht ra ting kiu th in tr
cn hot ng, nu ng h khng pht ra ting kiu th in tr b chy.
o in tr trn ng h VOM:
Bc 1 : thang ng h v cc thang o in tr. Nu in tr nh th thang o X1ohm,
nu in tr ln th thang X1kohm hoc X10kohm. Sau chp 2 que o v chnh trit o
kim ng h bo v tr 0 ohm.
Bc 2: t que o vo 2 u in tr, c tr s trn thang o, gi tr o c bng ch s
thang o x thang o.
Bc 3 : Nu thang o qu cao th kim ch khng chnh xc.
Nu thang o qu thp, kim ln qu nhiu cung khng chnh xc.
Nu gi tr o la 0 ohm ( thng in tr) th in tr b chy hoc gi tr o khc
xa gi tr ghi trn in tr th tr b hng.
2. T in
2.1 K hiu:

T gm, t s, t giy ( t khng phn cc):

C 1
1

T ha:
C 2
1

2.2 Hnh dng thc t:

-

T gm, t giy, t s:

SVTH: Trn Vn Hong - Nguyn Vn Tuyn - Thi Trn Hong V

Trang 3

Bo co Thc tp cng nhn 2 (in t)

GVHD:L Hng Nam

T ha:

2.3 iu kin lm vic :

-

in p t vo t khng c php ln hn in p ghi trn t.

i vi t ha th phi mc ng cc dng v cc m ca t vo mch.

2.4 c thng s k thut:

Thng s k thut ca t bao gm : in dung v in p ln nht c php ri trn t.

i vi t ha: gi tr in dung v in p ln nht ca t ghi trn thn tu.

i vi t gm, t giy: tr s c ghi bng k hiu

Cch tnh gi tr in dung:

+ Ly 2 ch s u tin nhn vi 10 ( n v l picofara)
V d: t gm ghi 474k
47.104 470000 pF 0.47 F
Gi tr in dung l:
5%
10%
+ Ch K cui l sai s
, ch t cui l sai s
.
2.5 Kim tra t in : Dng ng h VOM

i vi t giy v t gm thng hng dng b r r hoc b chp, pht hin t r r

hoc b chp ta thc hin php o nh sau :
+ Khi o t t : Kim phng ln 1 cht ri tr v v tr c ( cc t nh qu 1nF th kim khng
vt ln)
+ Khi o b r th kim ln lng chng thang o v dng li khng tr v v tr c.

+ Khi o t b chp ta thy kim ln bng 0 v khng tr v.

Lu : Khi o kim tra t giy hoc t gm ta phi ng h thang X1K hoc X10K
v phi o chiu kim ng h vi ln khi o.
Kim tra t ha :
SVTH: Trn Vn Hong - Nguyn Vn Tuyn - Thi Trn Hong V

Trang 4

Bo co Thc tp cng nhn 2 (in t)

GVHD:L Hng Nam
+ T ha t b r hay b chp nh t giy nhng chng li hay hng dng b kh ( kh ha
cht trong lp in mi) lm in dung ca t b gim. kim tra t ha ta thng so snh
phng np ca t vi 1 t cn tt c in dung.
+ Dng mt t mi cn tt c cng in dung vi t cn kim tra.

+ ng h thang o t X1 n X100 in dung cng ln th thang cng thp.

+ o vo 2 t v so snh phng np, khi o ta o chiu que o vo ln.
+ Nu 2 t phng np bng nhau l cn kim tra cn tt.
+ Nu t cn kim tra phng np km hn th n b kh.
+ Nu kim ln m khng tr v l t b r.
2.6 Mch nguyn l :
C

3. DIODE
3.1 K hiu :
- Diode thng :
-

Diode Zenner :

3.2 Hnh dng thc t :

3.3 iu kin lm vic :

- Diode thng : ch cho dng in chy qua theo 1 chiu t A K
+ diode lm vic phi phn cc thun cho diode. Diode bt u dn khi Vak = Va=0,7V
+ Diode Zenner c phn cc ngc, in p n nh Vz.
3.4 Kim tra diode : Dng ng h VOM
- t ng h thang o X1om, t 2 que o vo.
+ o chiu thun : que en vo Anot, que vo Katot. Nu kim ln, o chiu kim ng h
khng thy ln th diode tt.
+ Nu o c 2 chiu m kim ng h = 0 om l diode b chp.
+ Nu o chiu thun m kim ng h khng ln th diode b t.
+ Nu thang o 1kom m o ngc vo diode kim vn ln 1 cht l diode b r.
3.5 Mch nguyn l :
SVTH: Trn Vn Hong - Nguyn Vn Tuyn - Thi Trn Hong V

Trang 5

Bo co Thc tp cng nhn 2 (in t)

GVHD:L Hng Nam
- Diot thng :
R
D

E
E V

E 0,7
R

I 0

-Diot Zenner :
R1
2
2

R2

VCC

Iz

VR2
R2

V1 VR1
R2

Vz
R2

+ trn : V1 l in p mt chiu cha n nh.

V2 l in p ly ra trn ti n nh.
4. BJT : BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR
4.1 K hiu :
- Loi NPN

- BJT thng :

Loi PNP :

4.2 Hnh dng thc t :

- BJT cng sut :

SVTH: Trn Vn Hong - Nguyn Vn Tuyn - Thi Trn Hong V

Trang 6

Bo co Thc tp cng nhn 2 (in t)

GVHD:L Hng Nam

VBE V

4.3 iu kin lm vic :

- Xt BJT PNP
+ Ch lm vic khuch i : JE phn cc thun, JC phn cc ngch. Khi JE phn cc
thun, Va=0,7v
+ Ch ngng dn :
. JE, JC : phn cc nghch
. JE khng phn cc, JC phn cc nghch.
VBE V VBE V
. JE :
, JC phn cc nghch.
+ Ch lm vic bo ha : JE , JC phn cc thun.
o v xc nh chn B v chn C:
+ Vi BJT cng sut nh th thng thng chn E bn tri nh vy ta ch xc nh chn B v
suy ra chn C l chn cn li.
X 1

+ ng h thang o
, t c nh 1 que o vo tng chn, que kia di chuyn sang 2
chn cn li
Nu kim ln bng nhau th chn c que c nh l chn B, nu que ng h c nh l que en
th BJT npn, que ng l BJT pnp.
+ c thng s k thut:
Thng s k thut ca BJT boa gm:
+ in p ln nht c php t ln C v E:

VCEO
IC 0

+ Dng in ln nht cho php qua tip gip JC :

+ Cng sut ln nht tiu tn ca BJT: Pmax
Cc thng s k thut ny c ghi trong datasheet ca tng loi BJT.
4.5 Kim tra BJT:
E nguyn nhn nh hng
C do nhit , m, o
- BJT khi hot ng c th b h hng do nhiu
in p ngun tng cao hoc do cht lng ca bn thn BJT, kim tra BJT ta ch n cu
B
to ca chng:
C

SVTH: Trn Vn Hong - Nguyn Vn Tuyn - Thi Trn Hong V

Trang 7

Bo co Thc tp cng nhn 2 (in t)

GVHD:L Hng Nam
- Kim tra BJT ngc NPN tng t nh kim tra 2 diot u chung cc l B( Nu o t B
sang C v t B sang E ( que en vo B) th tng ng nh o 2 diot thun chiu. Kim ng
h ln, tt c cc trng hp o khc kim khng ln.
- Kim tra BJT thun PNP tng t kim tra 2 diot u chung cc Katot, im chung l cc B
ca BJT, nu o t B sang C v B sang E ( que vo B) th tng ng t B sang C v B
sang E ( que vo B) th tng ng nh o 2 diot thun chiu.
Kim ln tt c cc trng hp o khc kim khng ln.
- Tri vi cc iu trn l transistor b hng.
- BJT c th b hng cc trng hp:
+ o thun chiu t B sang E hoc t B sang C. Kim ng h khng ln l BJT b t BE
hoc t BC.
+ o t B sang E hoc t B sang C kim ln c 2 chiu l chp hay d BE hoc BC.
+ o gia C v E kim ln l b chp CE.
4.6 Nguyn l hot ng:
- Mch phn cc cho BJT hot ng phi tha mn iu kin: JE phn cc thun, Jc phn cc
nghch. Trong cc mch phn cc cho BJT th phn cc bng cu phn p l ti u nht.
VCC

V C C

-Phn tch : chuyn i tng ng theo Thevenin:

R C

R 2

Q 1
B JT

R E

R 1

VBB

RBB R1 / / R2
VBB

R1.VCC
R1 R2

IC

IB

VBB VBE
RBB (1 ) RE

SVTH: Trn Vn Hong - Nguyn Vn Tuyn - Thi Trn Hong V

Trang 8

Bo co Thc tp cng nhn 2 (in t)

GVHD:L Hng Nam
Do

RBB (1 ) RE
IC

VBB VBE
RE

c lp vi

5. Mosfet:
5.1 K hiu:

5.2 Hnh dng thc t:

5.3 iu kin lm vic :

- Mosfet knh N :

VGS VGS ( th )

VDS 0
-Mosfet knh p:

VGS VGS ( th ) v VGS 0

VDS 0
-Ngoi ra Mosfet hot ng an ton :

VGS VGSmax

VDS VDS max

I I
DS max
DS
-

5.4 Kim tra Mosfet:

Mt Mosfet cn tt l khi o tr khng gia G vi S v gia G vi D c in tr bng v cng
(Kim khng ln c 2 chiu ) v khi G c thot in th tr khng gia D v phi l v
cng
Cc bc kim tra nh sau :
SVTH: Trn Vn Hong - Nguyn Vn Tuyn - Thi Trn Hong V

Trang 9

Bo co Thc tp cng nhn 2 (in t)

GVHD:L Hng Nam

+ Chun b thang 1 k
+ Np cho G 1 in tch ta o gia D v S (que en vo D que vo S => kim ln
+ Chp G vo D hoc G vo S thot in chn G
+ Sau khi thot in chn G o lai DS nh trn kim khng ln => Mosfet tt
o Mosfet b hng :

+ ng h thang 1k

+ o gia G v S hoc gia G v D nu kim ln =0 l chp

+ o gia D v S m c 2 chiu o kim ln =0 l chp DS

6. SCR
6.1 K hiu

Hnh dng thc t

6.2 iu kin lm vic :

VA VK
I0
+
, SCR phn cc nghch => SCR tt => dng qua SCR l dng r . C gi
tr nh
VKA VBR
I0
Nu
( break down)=>
=> SCR b nh thng
VA VK
+
SCR c phn cc thun .
VgK , I g 0
- Khi
VAK VB 0
I0
.
SCR tt => Dng qua SCR l dng r (breakover)
di
dt VAK VB 0

.
: SCR dn => ISCR => SCR lm vic ging nh Diode
Vgk , I g 0
+

SVTH: Trn Vn Hong - Nguyn Vn Tuyn - Thi Trn Hong V

Trang 10

Bo co Thc tp cng nhn 2 (in t)

GVHD:L Hng Nam
I g ib 2 Q2

ic 2 ib 2 ib1 Q1

khi a ra 1 tn hiu kch khi vo cc G ca SCR

dn=>

ic1 1ib1 1 2ib 2 1 2 I g I g

ic1 ib 2 ic 2 ic1 Q1Q2

dn =>

m dng

chng i vo dn bo ha =>
Ig 0

nhanh

I c / Q1 I A I SCR

Ig 0 Ig 0
hoc
,

SCR vn tip tc dn ,nhc im ca SCR cho php kch dn bng cc cng nhng
khng cho php tt bng cc cng
6.3 Kim tra SCR

t ng h thang 1 ,t que en vo Anat ,que vo kata ban u kim khng ln dng

Tounerit chp chn A vo B => thy ng h ln kim,sau b
VCCtouneruit ra => ng h vn
ln kim =>SCR tt
Tt c cc trng hp cn li l SCR b hng
Tai
R2
6.4 Mch nguyn l :
Khi K h : SCR tt .
Q 1
3
Khi K ng => SCR dn

Chn Ig=(1,1-1,3)Ig danh nh

12

Khi SCR dn nu

R1

I R1

=>
R1

1
1
Ig I R1 Ig
10
10
VgK
IR 1

R2

=>
R2

Vcc Vgk
I R2

I R 2 I R1 I g 1,1I g

Vcc Vgk

=>
7. Triac:

I R2

7.1 K hiu:

SVTH: Trn Vn Hong - Nguyn Vn Tuyn - Thi Trn Hong V

Trang 11

Bo co Thc tp cng nhn 2 (in t)

GVHD:L Hng Nam

7.2 iu kin lm vic:

- Cp xung cho chn G ca Triac
- Do chn A2 dng hn A1, triac dn in ta c th kch dng cng dng v khi u A2
m hn A1 ta kch dng cng m.
7.3 Nguyn l lm vic:
Khi G v A2 c in th m hn so vi A1 th triac m cho dng t A1 n A2
Khi G v A2 c in th dng hn so vi A1 th triac m cho dng t A2 n A1
7.4 o kim tra: dng ng h VOM
- ng h thang o X1 Ohm
- Ln 1: Triac dn thun: t que en vo A2, que v A1. Gi A2 ri kch G nu kim ln th
bung que khi G kim vn ln chng t triac hot ng tt.
- Ln 2: Triac dn ngc: o 2 que, gi A2 v kch G kim vn ln chng t triac hot ng
tt.

Chng 2: TM HIU CC THIT B O

1.

ng h ng h vn nng ( VOM)
ng h vn nng ( VOM ) l thit b o khng th thiu c vi bt k mt k thut vin in t
no, ng h vn nng c 4 chc nng chnh l o in tr, o in p DC, o in p AC v o dng
in.
u im ca ng h l o nhanh, kim tra c nhiu loi linh kin, thy c s phng np ca
t in , tuy nhin ng h ny c hn ch v chnh xc v c tr khng thp khong 20K/Vol do
vy khi o vo cc mch cho dng thp chng b st p.
1.1 VOM kim:
Hnh dng:

SVTH: Trn Vn Hong - Nguyn Vn Tuyn - Thi Trn Hong V

Trang 12

Bo co Thc tp cng nhn 2 (in t)

GVHD:L Hng Nam
Thng s k thut :
Ch th kim
DCV : 0.1/0.5/2.5/10/50/250/1000V
ACV : 10/50/250/1000V
DCA : 50A/2.5/25/250mA
ACA : 15A
: 2/20k/2/20M

Thng s k thut:
- Mn hnh LCD 3

VOM s:
Hnh dng:
- C chc nng hin th bo pin yu
- Sampling rate: 2.5 ln/giy
- Nhit hot ng: 0oC ~ 40oC di
80% RH
- Nhit bo qun: -10oC ~ 60oC t 0 ~
80% RH (tho pin ra)
- Pin: 1 pin 9V chun
- Thi gian s dng: khong 150 gi
- Kch thc: 153 x 74 x 45 mm
- Trng lng: Khong 355g (bao gm pin v v).

SVTH: Trn Vn Hong - Nguyn Vn Tuyn - Thi Trn Hong V

Trang 13

1.2 Hng dn s dng:

o in tr :
o tri s in tr ta thc hin theo cc bc sau :
Bc 1 : thang ng h v cc thang o tr, nu in tr nh th thang x1 ohm hoc x10 ohm,
nu in tr ln th thang x1Kohm hoc 10Kohm. => sau chp hai que o v chnh trit o
kim ng h bo v tr 0 ohm.
Bc 2 : Chun b o .
Bc 3 : t que o vo hai u in tr, c tr s trn thang o , Gi tr o c = ch s thang
o X thang o
V d : nu thang x 100 ohm v ch s bo l 27 th gi tr l = 100 x 27 = 2700 ohm = 2,7 K ohm
Bc 4 : Nu ta thang o qu cao th kim ch ln mt cht , nh vy c tr s s khng chnh xc.
Bc 5 : Nu ta thang o qu thp , kim ln qu nhiu, v c tr s cng khng chnh xc.
Khi o in tr ta chn thang o sao cho kim bo gn v tr gia vch ch s s cho chnh xc
cao nht.
o in p xoay chiu:
Khi o in p xoay chiu ta chuyn thang o v thang AC, thang AC cao hn in p cn o mt
nc. t hai que vo hai im cn o ( nu o DC phi ch t que ng cc dng v m).
o in p mt chiu DC:
Khi o in p mt chiu DC, chuyn thang o v thang DC, khi o ta t que vo cc dng (+)
ngun, que en vo cc m (-) ngun, thang o cao hn in p cn o mt nc
* Trng hp sai thang o :
Nu ta sai thang o, o p mt chiu nhng ta ng h thang xoay chiu th ng h s bo sai,
thng thng gi tr bo sai cao gp 2 ln gi tr thc ca in p DC, tuy nhin ng h cng khng
b hng.
Dng thang in tr o kim tra t in
Ta c th dng thang in tr kim tra phng np v h hng ca t in , khi o t in , nu l
t gm ta dng thang o x1K ohm hoc 10K ohm, nu l t ho ta dng thang x 1 ohm hoc x 10 ohm.
Php o t gm trn cho ta bit :
T C1 cn tt => kim phng np khi ta o
T C2 b d => ln kim nhng khng tr v v tr c
T C3 b chp => kim ng h ln = 0 ohm v khng tr v.
trn l php o kim tra cc t ho, t ho rt t khi b d hoc chp m ch yu l b kh ( gim
in dung) khi o t ho bit chnh xc mc hng ca t ta cn o so snh vi mt t mi c
cng in dung.
trn l php o so snh hai t ho cng in dung, trong t C1 l t mi cn C2 l t c, ta thy
t C2 c phng np yu hn t C1 => chng t t C2 b kh ( gim in dung )
Ch khi o t phng np, ta phi o chiu que o vi ln xem phng np
o dng in

Cch 1 : Dng thang o dng

o dng in bng ng h vn nng, ta o ng h ni tip vi ti tiu th v ch l ch o
c dng in nh hn gi tr ca thang o cho php, ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1 : t ng h vo thang o dng cao nht .
Bc 2: t que ng h ni tip vi ti, que v chiu dng, que en v chiu m .
Ty vo gi tr dng in chnh thang o cho thch hp. Ch s kim bo s cho ta bit gi tr
dng in .
Cch 2 : Dng thang o p DC
Ta c th o dng in qua ti bng cch o st p trn in tr hn dng mc ni vi ti, in p
o c chia cho gi tr tr hn dng s cho bit gi tr dng in, phng php ny c th o
c cc dng in ln hn kh nng cho php ca ng h v ng h cmg an ton hn.

Cch c tr s dng in v in p khi o:

Khi o in p DC th ta c gi tr trn vch ch s DCV.A. Khi o in p AC th c gi tr
trn vch AC.10V, nu o thang c gi tr khc th ta tnh theo t l
2. My pht xung FG 32 hay my to sng o lng (function generator): l b ngun to ra cc tn
hiu chun v bin , tn s v dng sng dng trong th nghim v o lng. Cc my to sng
trong phng th nghim c cc dng sau:
My to sng sin tn thp LF (low frequency);
My to sng sin tn s v tuyn RF (radio frequency);
My to hm;
My pht xung;
My pht tn s qut, my pht cc tn hiu th nghim.
Cc my to tn hiu RF thng c di tn s t 0 kHz n 100 kHz, vi mc in p c th iu
chnh t 0 - 10V. Cc my to hm cng thng l my pht RF vi 3 dng sng c trng l sng
vung, sng tam gic v sng hnh sin.
Hnh dng:

Nt Power: khi bn n nt ON th n LED sng bo hiu cung cp ngun cho my.

Frequency: iu chnh tn s. Tn s s l sn phm chung ca nt s (2) v (11).
Ng ra SYNC: ng ra ng b. Sng vung ng ra A TTL c cng tn s ging vi sng chnh ng ra
BNC.
Ng ra qut: ng ra tn hiu qut BNC. N s hot ng c lp khi Sweep l ON hoc OFF; BNC c
sng ng ra dng rng ca. Tn s c iu khin bi tc qut.
Ng ra chnh: ng ra sng chc nng BNC. Tr khng ng ra l 50 Ohm, bin nh nh khng ti
l 20 Vpp, c ti l 10 Vpp vi ti 50 Ohm.
Bin : vn nt chnh bin ca tn hiu sng ra. Ko nt ln gim tn hiu ra 10 ln. Tc
ng ny ch xy ra vi sng ra chnh.
DC offset: iu khin nt, chn v tr OFF trong iu kin bnh thng. Nhn ON v iu chnh b
in p DC.

Tc qut: vn nt iu chnh tc qut t 5 s n 10 ms, ng ra qut l NBC (4). Nu nt ny

c ko ra th tn hiu ng ra v tn hiu qut l ng b vi nhau.
rng tia qut: vn nt ny iu chnh rng tia qut. Nhn vo thy tia qut, ko ra thy
tc ng tia qut. Nt (8) phi c ko ra.
Chn sng chc nng: vn chn sng ra.
Khong tn s: iu chnh chnh v tn s. Tn s ra s thay i 10 ln cho mi bc thay i. Tn s
ca tn hiu ra l sn phm chung ca nt s (2) v (11).
3. My hin sng (Oscilloscope) HITACHI V-555
3.1 Chc nng:
- My hin sng (MHS) hay cn gi l Oscillo dng o cc tn hiu in in t di dng sng nh hnh sin, xung vung, tam gic v nh gi c tn
s, bin v di pha ca tn hiu.
- Hot ng vi ngun in p xoay chiu: 100 V; 120V; 220V; 240V c ch dn
pha sau mt thit b.
- S dng con tr di chuyn c bin hoc tnh chu k ca tn
hiu
- My c di tn 100 MHz
- Mn hnh 6 inch
- C 2 knh o chnh l knh 1 v knh 2 v 1 knh o ph

3.2 S ca thit b.

Mt trc

Mt sau

Ch thch:
(1) Power switch: Cng tc ngun
(2) Power lamp: n bo ngun
(3) Focus control: iu chnh hi t ca cc tia
(4) Scale Illum control: Chnh b sung sng khi o
(5) Trace rotation control: Chnh tia sao cho khng b lch theo chiu ngang
(6) Intensity control: iu chnh sng ca cc tia
(7) Power source select switch: Cng tc chuyn mch la chn ngun in
(8) AC Inlet: u cm vi dy ngun
(9) CH1 input connector: u ni vi que o a tn hiu vo knh 1
(10) CH2 input connector: u ni vi que o a tn hiu vo knh 2
(11) (12) Input coupling switches: Chuyn mch chn ch o AC-DC
(13) (14) Volts/Div select switches: Chuyn mch chn thang o
(15) (16) VAR Pull x 5 gain controls: Khi iu chnh nm ny th bin tn
hiu tng ln 5 ln.
(17) (18) Uncal lamp: n bo khi iu chnh nm VAR
(19) Position Pull DC offset control: iu chnh v tr ln xung ca knh CH1
(20) Position Pull invert control: iu chnh v tr ln xung ca knh CH2
(21) Mode select switch: Chuyn mch la chn knh o
(22) CH1 Output connector: u ni tn hiu ra ging tn hiu u vo CH1
(23) DC offset volt out connector: u ni in p ra o trn ng h o
(24) (25) DC BAL adjustment controls: iu chnh cn bng 2 tia
(26) Time/div select switch: Chuyn mch t thi gian o

(27)SWP Variab control: iu chnh b sung thi gian qut

(28) Sweep Uncal lamp: n bo khi iu chnh (27)
(29) Position Pull x10 Mag control: iu chnh thay i v tr sang ngang ca
tia hay phng to chu k ca tn hiu ln 10 ln.
(30) CH1 Alt Mag switch: Chuyn mch thay i hin th ca tn hiu X1 hay X10
(31) Source select switch: Chuyn mch chn qut ngun tn hiu Trigger
(32) Int Trig select switch: Chuyn mch la chn tn hiu Trigger
(33) Trig input connector: u ni vi thit b ngoi a tn hiu vo
(34) Trig Level control: iu chnh mc tn hiu Trigger
(35) Trig Mode select switch: Chuyn mch chn cc ch o tn hiu
(36) Ext Blanking Connector: u ni vi tn hiu ngoi
(37) Cal 0.5V tip: nh xung 0.5V
(38) GND terminal: im t ca thit b
(39) (40) (41):i vi my ny (V-555) khng c
(42) REF Cursor select switch: Chuyn mch la chn con tr (x)
(43) Tracking Cursor select switch: Chuyn mch la chn con tr (+)

Cng tc x1 hoc x10

u ni vi

(44) (45): Phm di chuyn con tr (x) hoc (+) c tr s

My ny (V-555) Khng c nm iu chnh s (27)
c. Que o ca thit b
3.3 Cch o v c tr s bin , chu k tn hiu
Trc khi cp ngun, t ch chun nm iu chnh ca thit b nh sau:
Cng tc - Nm

V tr ca cc nm

iu chnh
POWER
INTENSITY

Tt
Vn ngc chiu kim ng

FOCUS
AC-GND-DC
POISITION
V-MODE

h
Trung bnh
t v tr GND
Trung bnh
Knh 1

TRIG
TRIG SOURCE
Volts/div
Time/div

T ng
INT
0.5V/div
0.5ms/div

* Cc bc tin hnh o tn hiu trong mch in

Bc 1:
Tt ngun in ca mch in cn o v Oscillo. Ni que o vo im
cn o trong mch in (tn hiu).
Bc 2:
Cp ngun cho mch in cn o v Oscillo. Tu thuc vo dng tn hiu
AC hay DC m ta t chuyn mch (11) v tr DC hoc AC. Lc ny ang
o knh CH1. Nu o c 2 knh th t chuyn mch (21) v tr CHOP.
Chnh cc nm iu chnh v tr ca knh o sao cho d quan st.
Nu tn hiu vo c bin ln th iu chnh chuyn mch chn thang
o (13) (14) Volts/div.
Bc 3:
Quan st dng tn hiu trn mn hnh v tnh ton bin v tn s ca tn
hiu.

n), mi trn mn hnh c tnh l 1 div. Cn c vo cc trn mn hnh m t ngi ta tnh ton c bin

* Cch tnh ton bin v tn s ca tn hiu

+ Tnh bin tn hiu hin th trn my hin sng
Tnh bin in p nh ti nh:
U = S dc (Div) Thang o (Volts/div)
V d: Ta c mt tn hiu hnh sin c hin th trn my hin sng nh
hnh v, c s dc l 4 Div, c o thang o (Volts/div) l 2V. Nh vy bin
tn hiu t nh ti nh l: U = 4div 2V = 8V.
C mt s dng tn hiu th ta ch tnh phn dng (bn k dng) th
cch tnh bin tn hiu cng p dng cng thc trn.
Khi tnh ton bin tn hiu cn ch n cc nc x1 v x10 trn que
o, nu t nc x10 trn que o th bin phi c nhn ln 10 ln, nm
iu chnh VAR t v tr tt.

5 div

Tnh tn s ca tn hiu hin th trn my hin sng

tnh c tn s ca tn hiu hin th trn my hin sng th ta tnh
chu k ca tn hiu trc t p dng cng thc: f = 1/T.
Chu k ca tn hiu T c tnh nh sau:
T = S ngang (Div) Thi gian qut (Time/div)
V d: Ta c mt tn hiu hnh sin c hin th trn my hin sng nh
hnh v, c s ngang l 5 Div, thi gian qut (Time/div) l 1ms. Nh vy chu
k tn hiu s l: T = 5 div 1ms = 5 10-3 s. T y ta tnh c tn s ca
tn hiu l:
f = 1/T = 1/5 10-3 = 200 Hz.
Tuy nhin khi tnh ton tn s tn hiu cn ch n cc nc x1 v x10
trn que o, nu t nc x10 trn que o th tn s phi c nhn ln 10
ln.
3.4 Bo qun:
Khi s dng my hin sng trc ht phi nm c cc thng s k thut,
sau iu chnh cc nm ng vi chc nng theo bng thng s k thut.
Khng t thit b v tr lch, khng cc vt nng ln trn thit b, lun
thit b v tr kh ro thong mt, t thit b trnh xa cc dng c c
th gy ra cc t trng nh nam chm, ng c

Chng 3: TI THC TP
1. Gii thiu
Ngnh cng ngh k thut khng ngng pht trin, vic ng dng vi iu khin ngy cng
c s dng rng ri trong lnh vc dn dng v cng nghip, cc thit b in t l mt
phn gn vi cuc sng con ngi trong x hi hin i, h thng kim sot bo v an ninh
cng trong xu th , phn ln hin ti cc kha s dng hin nay ch yu l kha c
kh,nhng trong cng vic c bo mt ,gim st an ninh v gii hn ngi vo, th vic ng
dng kha in t vo cc c quan, nh my l mt phng n c hiu qu cao. y em
xin gii thiu v ti v kha in t vi mt s yu cu c bn ca mt thit b kha
thng dng:
- Tnh an ton: phi c chc nng bo mt cao
- D s dng
- C th thay i bo mt khi cn thit
- H thng vn hnh n nh, tui th cao
Trn c s , em a ra phng n thit k kha iu khin vi cc chc nng nh sau:

1.1 Chc nng h thng

-

H thng gm mt chui m s t 0 n 9, v di mt m bng 4 s ch c ngi

c phn quyn s dng mi bit c.
C h thng phm gm 12 phm, ngoi 10 s mt khu c cc phm chc nng: phm
Enter, phm Xa.
H thng hin th trc quan qua LCD 16x2A, c n chiu sng khi iu kin mi
trng ti.
C h thng bo ng khi nhp sai qu nhiu ln. ( y em thit k l 3 ln, sau 3 ln
nhp sai th LCD hin th sai m, v kch hot h thng bo ng)
C chc nng thay i mt khu khi cn thit, v mt khu mc nh ban u l 1111.
Phm Xa c th xa khi bn nhp sai, sa nhm ln khi nhp phm.

1.2 Hot ng ca h thng

Ban u:
- Nhn Enter thc hin giao tip vi bn phm.
- Nhp mt khu ( ban u cha c mt khu mi th ta nhp mt khu mc nh c ci
t sn)
- Nhp pass ng th nhn D thay i mt khu cho ngi s dnghoc m ca nhn
(Enter):
+ M ca ng c quay m ca cho n khi chm cng tc hnh trnh th dng. Hin th
Dong thi nhan D. Khi nhn ng c quay ngc ng ca cho ti khi chm cng tc
hnh trnh th dng quay v v trng thi nhp pass ban u.
+ Thay i mt khu:
Ban u hin th LCD NHAP PASS MOI
Tin hnh nhp mt khu mi, h thng hin th : NHAP LAI PASS,
sau khi nhp mt khu mi , nu ng th i pass thnh cng.
Nu sai th h thng s hin th: NHAP SAI PASS-Nhp mt khu:
- Nhp sai pass th hin th LCD NHAP SAI PASS yu cu nhp li pass. Nu qu 3 ln
th bo ng.

2.Tnh ton thit k mch, o kim tra cc linh kin

S mch.

Gii th tng th mch:

- Dng tn hiu t bn phm, cng tc hnh trnh truyn v khi x l trung tm
(89S52) a ra tn hiu iu khin LCD v ng c thng qua mch cu H.

2.1 Khi ngun:

Cung cp u vo l in p 12VDC cho in p u ra l 5V.

- Nguyn l lm vic ca tng linh kin

+ Cu diode:
Gm 4 diode mc nh hnh, chnh lu in p AC thnh DC.
+ T 20: san phng tn hiu ngun vo.
+ T 21: lc tn hiu AC u vo
+ T 22: san phng tn hiu u ra.
+ T 23: lc tn hiu AC u ra.
+ IC7805: n nh in p dng 5V.
o kim tra:
+ iu kin lm vic ca mch ngun:
in p vo 12V1V
in p ra 5V0,2V
Dng u ra 5mA 1A
+ Cung cp iu kin lm vic:
Ng co 12VAC
Ng ra gn in tr 10(ti).
+ o iu kin:
in p vo 11,8V thuc 12V1V t
in p ra 5,03V thuc 5V0,2V t
Dng

I=

5,03
=0,5 A
10

thuc 5mA 1A t

Mch ngun lm vic n nh.

2.2 Khi iu khin trung tm.

Khi kt ni x l trung tm trong h thng ny s dng AT89S52

Khi x l trung tm vi 89s52 c nhim v l nhn bit tn hiu thu c t bn
phm. Sau x l cc tn hiu v xut ra cc tn hiu iu khin thch hp iu
khin h thng theo chng trnh lp sn.
a ch chc nng kt ni ca h thng x l trung tm nh sau:
o P1.0- EN
o P1.1- RS
o P3.6 Tn hiu m ca
o P3.7- Tn hiu ng ca
o P1.2- tn hiu bo ng
o P0.7- Ct 1
o P0.6- Ct 2
o P0.5- Ct 3
o P0.3- Hng 1
o P0.2- Hng 2
o P0.1- Hng 3
o P0.0- Hng 4
o P2 ni vi D0-D7 ca LCD
- B dao ng thch anh c tc dng to xung nhp vi tn s 12MHz cho VK hot
ng. Hai u ny c ni vo 2chn XTAL1 v XTAL2 ca VK.
- B RESET c tc dng a vi iu khin v trng thi ban u. Khi nt Reset c n
in p +5V t ngun c ni vo chn Reset ca vi iu khin c chy thng
xung t lc ny in p ti chn vi iu khin thay i t ngt v 0, VK nhn bit
c s thay i ny v khi ng li trng thi ban u cho h thng.
o kim tra:
- iu kin lm vic:
+ B dao ng
+ Chn EA=5V
+ Ngun Vcc = 50,2V
- Cung cp iu kin:
+ Ngun 5V

+ Chn EA ni Vcc
- o iu kin:
+ o chn 20 v 40 c Vcc= 5,03 thuc 50,2V t
+ o chn 31 (EA) vi m ngun c Vpp=5,03 thuc 50,2V t

2.3 LCD

L thit b hin th cho h thng, nhn tn hiu t vi iu khin

Khi nhp m th s hin th k t * , v hin th cc trng thi lm vic ca h thng nh i
mt khu , sai m, nhp mt khu...
LCD c s dng l 16x2A vi 2 dng v hin th 5x7
Bin tr VR1 l iu chnh hn dng tng/gim tng phn ca LCD
in tr R1 hn dng cho n nn LCD.
o kim tra:
- iu kin lm vic
+ Ngun Vcc = 50,2V
+ Nhn tn hiu t VK
- Cung cp iu kin:
+ Ngun 5V
+ D0D7 ni vo P0 ca VK.
+ RS ni P3.6
+ EN ni P3.7
+ RW ni m ngun
+ Bin tr ni Vss
+ Np chng trnh hin th LCD cho VK
- o iu kin:
+ Vcc= 5,03 thuc 50,2V t
+ Khi c tn hiu t VK th LCD hin th ni dung chng trnh.

2.4 Bn Phm

Ngi dng nhp m thng qua bn phm, v bn phm l thit b u vo c kt ni vi vi

iu khin, cung cp tn hiu cho b x l trung tm, sau khi phn tch tnh hiu v so snh th
cho ra tn hiu iu khin tng ng
-Bn phm c dng bng phng php qut phm theo hng v ct.
Dng bn phm c vi 3 ct 4 hng
Xp xp cc hng ct nh bng:
Ct 1
Hng 1
1
Hng2
4
Hng 3
7
Hng 4
ENTER
c ghp ni vi vi iu khin ti Port P0

Ct 2
2
5
8
0

2.5 Khi mch iu khin ng m ca

S dng mch cu H vi 2 BJT Tip 41C v 2 BJT TIP 42C

BJT kch l 2N3904, mch iu khin ng c DC cng sut nh.
S dng Opto cch ly ngun v BJT A1015 kch cho opto dn
4 diode 1N4007 bo v BJT khi ng c quay.
Nguyn l lm vic:
2.5.1 Mch kch dn opto
a. Chiu thun

Ct 3
3
6
9
XA

Nguyn l lm vic:Khi khng c tn hiu kch T3 t VK (T3=5V) th Q7 tt nn opto khng

dn
Khi c tn hiu kch T3 t VK (T3=0V) th Q7 dn nn opto s dn.
o kim tra
- iu kin lm vic:
+ BJT ch bo ha.
+ Ngun Vcc = 50,2V
- Cung cp iu kin:
+ Ngun 5V cho mch
+ Led/opto l ti
- o iu kin:
+ o mass: que en vo chn mass, que vo chn R50
V= 5,03 thuc 50,2V t
+ o ngun: que vo E ca BJT, que en vo m ngun
V= 5,03 thuc 50,2V t
- Thay i tn hiu ng vo:
+ Tn hiu ban u vo T3 khi VK cha kch (T3=5V) o Vbe=0V<0,2V t
o ng ra VE-mass= 5,03 thuc 50,2V t
+ C tn hiu kch T3 (T3=0V) o Vbe=0,75V thuc 0,71V t
VCE= 0,11 thuc 00,2V t.
b. Chiu ngc

- Nguyn l lm vic:
+Khi khng c tn hiu kch T4 t VK (T4=5V) th Q8 tt nn opto khng dn
+Khi c tn hiu kch T4 t VK (T4=0V) th Q8 dn nn opto s dn.
o kim tra
- iu kin lm vic:
+ BJT ch bo ha.
+ Ngun Vcc = 50,2V
- Cung cp iu kin:
+ Ngun 5V cho mch
+ Led/opto l ti
- o iu kin:
+ o mass: que en vo chn mass, que vo chn R51
V= 5,02 thuc 50,2V t

+ o ngun: que vo E ca BJT, que en vo m ngun

V= 5,02 thuc 50,2V t
- Thay i tn hiu ng vo:
+ Tn hiu ban u vo T4 khi VK cha kch (T4=5V) o Vbe=0V<0,2V t
o ng ra VE-mass= 5,02 thuc 50,2V t
+ C tn hiu kch T4 (T4=0V) o Vbe=0,79V thuc 0,71V t
VCE= 0,1 thuc 00,2V t.
2.5.2 Mch cu H

-Nguyn l lm vic:
+ Ban u khi 2opto cha kch dn, mch cu H cha hot ng (cc bjt cha kch dn) nn khng c
dng chy t Vcc=>ti=>mass
+Khi opto1 kch dn, c dng qua R10=>kch dn bjt Q4 v Q5=> ng thi kch dn Q2. Nn c
dng Vcc =>qua ti=>mass (ng c quay thun)
+Khi opto2 kch dn, c dng qua R9=>kch dn bjt Q3 v Q6=> ng thi kch dn Q1. Nn c
dng Vcc =>qua ti=>mass (ng c quay nghch)
+Khi opto1 v 2 kch dn, Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5 v Q6 ng thi kch dn. Dng chy t Vcc v Mass.
Gy qu dng. (trng hp ny khng th xy ra)

- iu kin lm vic:
+ BJT ch bo ha.
+ Ngun Vcc = 241.5V
- Cung cp iu kin:
+ Ngun 24V cho mch
+ ng c DC l ti
-o iu kin:
+Dng que t vo chn E(ca Q1 hoc Q2) v que en t vo chn E(ca Q5 hoc Q6)
V=25,1V t
+Khi led opto cha dn (cha c tn hiu t vi iu khin)
*o p k1(que ) v mass(que en)=> V=0v
* dng que t vo cc C, que en t vo chn E ca opto
=> Vce/opto1=Vce/opto2=25V
Suy ra opto1 v 2 cha kch dn
*Tip tc ta o in p Vbe ca tng BJT v ta thy
Vbe=0V
* Dng ng h VOM, t que vo chn C, que en vo chn E bjt Q3 v Q4
=> Vce=25v(bng Vcc)
Suy ra bjt Q3 v Q4 cha kch dn.
Tip tc o in p trn cc chn ca cc BJT Q1,Q2,Q5,Q6, ta c
Vbe/Q1=Vbe/Q2=Vbe/Q5=Vbe/Q6=0V
Cc bjt Q1, Q2, Q5, Q6 ngng dn.
=> ng c khng quay.

-Khi c tn hiu t vi iu khin kch opto1 v tt opto2, Vbe/Q4= 0,75V s c dng kch dn t
Vcc qua Q2->Q4-> mass, Vce/Q4=25V, lc , BJT Q4 s c kch dn, o p trn BJT Q4, ta
c Vbe/Q2=0.72V,Vce/Q2=0V=>BJT Q2 dn bo ha. Q2 dn bo ha s to dng t Vcc qua
Q2=>ng c=>Q5=>mass. S dng VOM o p trn cc chn ca BJT, ta c Vbe/Q5=0.7V,
Vce/Q5=24.9V=>BJT Q5 dn bo ha. V khng c tn hiu kch t opto2 nn bjt Q3 khng
c kch dn, cc bjt Q1,Q6 cng khng c kch dn, khng c dng ngc li qua ng
c.
=> ng c quay thun.
-Khi c tn hiu t vi iu khin kch opto2 v tt opto1, Vbe/Q3= 0,75V s c dng kch dn t
Vcc qua Q1->Q6-> mass, Vce/Q2=25V, lc , BJT Q1 s c kch dn, o p trn BJT Q1, ta
c Vbe/Q1=0.72V,Vce/Q1=0V=>BJT Q1 dn bo ha. Q1 dn bo ha s to dng t Vcc qua
Q1=>ng c=>Q6=>mass. S dng VOM o p trn cc chn ca BJT, ta c Vbe/Q6=0.7V,
Vce/Q6=24.9V=>BJT Q6 dn bo ha. V khng c tn hiu kch t opto1 nn bjt Q4 khng
c kch dn, cc bjt Q2,Q5 cng khng c kch dn, khng c dng ngc li qua ng
c.
=> ng c quay ngc.

2.1.5 Khi bo ng

Chc nng: khi nhp sai qu 2 ln th chung bo ng s ku.

mch nguyn l chung c kch qua P1.2.
Khi tn hiu P1.2 = 5V, chung s ku.
Khi tn hiu P1.2=0V, chung khng ku.

3.Lu thut ton:

3.1 Chng trnh chnh

3.2 Cc chng trnh con:

- Hin th LCD

Qut bn phm

Copy pass v i m

4.Chng trnh ASM:

LCD_PORT EQU P2
EN BIT P3.7
RS BIT P3.6
KEY EQU 0H
VAL EQU R7
COL1 BIT P0.0
COL2 BIT P0.1
COL3 BIT P0.2
OK EQU
02H
QUAY_THUAN
BIT P1.0
QUAY_NGHICH
BIT P1.1
CHUONG
BIT P1.2
CT1 BIT P3.2
CT2 BIT P3.3
MAIN:
MOV TMOD,#11H
CALL PASS
SETB QUAY_THUAN
SETB QUAY_NGHICH
SETB CHUONG
MOV A,#38H

CALL W_CONTROL
MOV A,#0CH
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV A,#80H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES1
CALL W_STRING
MOV A,#0C0H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES2
CALL W_STRING
X11:
MOV R5,#3
MOV A,#01H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES3
CALL W_STRING
MOV A,#0C0H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES4
CALL W_STRING
A1:
CALL LAY_PHIM
CALL DOI_MA
CJNE A,#10,A1
MOV A,#01H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES5
CALL W_STRING
A2:
CALL NHAP_PASS
MOV R0,#40H
MOV R1,#60H
CALL KIEM_TRA
JB OK,C1
MOV A,#01H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES7
CALL W_STRING
CALL DELAYS
CALL DELAYS
DJNZ R5,A3
CALL BAO_DONG
JMP MAIN
A3:
MOV A,#01H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES8
CALL W_STRING
CALL DELAYS
JMP A2
C1:
MOV A,#01H
CALL W_CONTROL

MOV DPTR,#MES6
CALL W_STRING
CALL DELAYS
MOV A,#01H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES9
CALL W_STRING
MOV A,#0C0H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES10
X3:
CALL W_STRING
CALL LAY_PHIM
CALL DOI_MA
CJNE A,#10,X1
CALL OPEN
X1:
CJNE A,#12,X2
CALL SETUP_PASS
X2:
JMP X3
BAO_DONG:
CLR CHUONG
MOV A,#01H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES19
CALL W_STRING
BAO_DONG1:
CALL NHAP_PASS
MOV R0,#40H
MOV R1,#60H
CALL KIEM_TRA
JB OK,C1
MOV A,#01H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES7
CALL W_STRING
JMP BAO_DONG1
RET
W_STRING:
CLR A
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
JZ EXIT
CALL W_DATA
CALL DELAYMS
INC DPTR
JMP W_STRING
EXIT:
RET
W_DATA:
SETB RS
MOV LCD_PORT,A
SETB EN

CALL DELAYMS
CLR EN
CALL DELAYMS
RET
W_CONTROL:
CLR RS
MOV LCD_PORT,A
SETB EN
CALL DELAYMS
CLR EN
CALL DELAYMS
RET
DELAYMS:
MOV TH0,#HIGH(-10000)
MOV TL0,#LOW(-10000)
SETB TR0
WAITMS:
JNB TF0,WAITMS
CLR TF0
CLR TR0
RET
DELAYS:
MOV R6,#250
LOOP:
CALL DELAYMS
DJNZ R3,LOOP
RET
LAY_PHIM:
MOV VAL,#1
MOV P0,#0EFH
CALL QUET_COT
JB KEY,EXIT1
MOV VAL,#4
MOV P0,#0DFH
CALL QUET_COT
JB KEY,EXIT1
MOV VAL,#7
MOV P0,#0BFH
CALL QUET_COT
JB KEY,EXIT1
MOV VAL,#10
MOV P0,#7FH
CALL QUET_COT
JB KEY,EXIT1
JMP LAY_PHIM
EXIT1:
MOV A,VAL
RET
QUET_COT:
JB COL1,NEXTCOD1
JNB COL1,$
SETB KEY
RET
NEXTCOD1:

JB COL2,NEXTCOD2
JNB COL2,$
SETB KEY
INC VAL
RET
NEXTCOD2:

EXIT2:

JB COL3,EXIT2
JNB COL3,$
SETB KEY
INC VAL
INC VAL
RET
CLR KEY
RET

DOI_MA:
E1:

CJNE A,#11,E2
MOV A,#0
RET

E2:
RET
KIEM_TRA:
MOV R3,#4
CHK1:

CHK2:
NHAP_PASS:

MOV A,@R0
MOV B,@R1
CJNE A,B,CHK2
INC R1
INC R0
DJNZ R3,CHK1
SETB OK
RET
CLR OK
RET
MOV R0,#40H
MOV R3,#0
MOV A,#0C0H
CALL W_CONTROL

CP:
CP1:

CJNE R3,#4,CP1
RET
CALL LAY_PHIM
CALL DOI_MA
CJNE A,#10,CP4
JMP CP1

CP4:
CJNE A,#12,CP2
CJNE R3,#0,CP3
JMP CP
CP3:
DEC R3
DEC R0
CALL CLEAR

MOV @R0,#0
JMP CP
CP2:
MOV @R0,A
CALL GET
INC R0
INC R3
JMP CP
PASS:
MOV R1,#60H
MOV R3,#0
B2:
CJNE R3,#4,PASS1
RET
PASS1:
MOV @R1,#1
INC R1
INC R3
JMP B2
GET:
MOV A,#0C0H
ADD A,R3
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV A,#'*'
CALL W_DATA
RET
CLEAR:
MOV A,#0C0H
ADD A,R3
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV A,#' '
CALL W_DATA
RET
OPEN:
MOV A,#01H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES11
CALL W_STRING
OPEN1:
CLR QUAY_THUAN
SETB QUAY_NGHICH
JNB CT1, NGUNG
JMP OPEN1
NGUNG:
SETB QUAY_NGHICH
SETB QUAY_THUAN
MOV A,#01H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES12
CALL W_STRING
N1:
CALL LAY_PHIM
CALL DOI_MA

CJNE A,#12,N1
NGUNG1:
CLR QUAY_NGHICH
SETB QUAY_THUAN
JNB CT2,STOP
JMP NGUNG1
STOP:
SETB QUAY_THUAN
SETB QUAY_NGHICH
MOV R5,#3
JMP X11
SETUP_PASS:
MOV A,#01H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES13
CALL W_STRING
CALL NHAP_PASS
MOV R3,#4
MOV R0,#40H
MOV R1,#50H
CALL COPY_PASS
MOV A,#01H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES14
CALL W_STRING
CALL NHAP_PASS
MOV R0,#40H
MOV R1,#50H
CALL CHK
JB OK,S1
MOV A,#01H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES15
CALL W_STRING
CALL DELAYS
CALL DELAYS
MOV A,#01H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES17
CALL W_STRING
MOV A,#0C0H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES18
CALL W_STRING
X10:
CALL LAY_PHIM
CALL DOI_MA
CJNE A,#10,X12
JMP SETUP_PASS
X12:
CJNE A,#12,X10
JMP X11

S1:

COPY_PASS:

MOV R0,#40H
MOV R1,#60H
MOV R3,#4
CALL COPY_PASS
MOV A,#01H
CALL W_CONTROL
MOV DPTR,#MES16
CALL W_STRING
CALL DELAYS
JMP X11

MOV A,@R0
MOV @R1,A
INC R1
INC R0
DJNZ R3,COPY_PASS
RET
MES1: DB 'TRUONG DHBK DN',0
MES2: DB 'TT CONG NHAN',0
MES3: DB ' MA KHOA ',0
MES4: DB ' NHAN ENTER TH',0
MES5: DB 'NHAP PASS 4 KT',0
MES6: DB 'THANH CONG',0
MES7: DB 'NHAP SAI PASS',0
MES8: DB 'NHAP LAI PASS',0
MES9: DB 'MO CUA NHAN ENTER',0
MES10:
DB 'PASS MOI NHAN D',0
MES11:
DB ' MO CUA ',0
MES12:
DB ' DONG CUA NHAN D',0
MES13:
DB ' NHAP PASS MOI ',0
MES14:
DB ' NHAP LAI PASS ',0
MES15:
DB ' NHAP SAI',0
MES16:
DB 'HOAN THANH',0
MES17:
DB 'TIEP TUC NHAN ENTER',0
MES18:
DB 'QUAY LAI NHAN D',0
MES19:
DB ' BAO DONG ',0