Bone and Calcium Homeostasis

Armenia
2012

Function of Ca

Bone formation
Enzyme activation
Nerve trasnmision
Muscle contraction
Hormone secretion
Blood coagulation
Normal value in plasma (bound or free calcium)
Table as follow.

Plasma Ca

Figure 14-28

Osteoblasts build bone.

Osteoclasts catalyze
bone degradation,
when stimulated by
parathormone (PTH).

Figure 14-29
The four parathyroid
glands are located
adjacent to the much
larger thyroid gland.
Secretion of
parathormone (PTH)
is a direct response
to an abnormal
decrease in the
concentration of
calcium ions.

Figure 14-30

Parathormones action to
restore normal calcium
levels include increased
calcium reabsorption in the
kidneys, increased
calcium-liberating activities
of osteoclasts, and
increased formation of
vitamin D, which increases
uptake of dietary
calcium in the
gastrointestinal tract.

Figure 14-31

Activated 1,25 (OH)2D3 is a

steroid hormone that causes
cells in the gut to increase
the expression of genes
whose products
take up dietary calcium.