Bine step-by-step machining procedures into one machining pass.

The demand for weight

reduction and higher quality in most industrial manufacture calls for more accurate raw castings
with no excess material and no impurities. Investment casting is becoming more popular because
it allows the widest net part size range of any casting process for thin walls, undercuts and internal
passages.
In forging too, near net-shaped parts are formed by grain flow optimization. It increases impact
strength and fatigue endurance limits, thus allowing for thinner wall design and the reduction of
excess weight and stock, thereby allowing for the diverging criteria of light weight and high
strength proper design and material selection can accommodate both criteria as, for example, in
the automotive industry where aluminum is used for engines and transmissions.
As design and manufacturing engineers try to squeeze more functions into smaller parts and
subassemblies of sophisticated end products the parts become more complex and difficult to
machine. These lightweight, accurately cast, complex work pieces of advanced materials invite
one-pass (precision) machining for even the most demanding applications. One-pass machining
needs to be pursued dy manufacturing because
It

Eliminates stacking up tolerances (step by step machining),

Decreases nonmachining time (setup, tool changes),