CHAPTER III

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
This study will be a qualitative research. Qualitative research is designed
to reveal a target audiences range of behavior and the perception that drive it
with reference to specific topics or issues (QRCA: 2015). It uses in-depth
studies of small groups of people to guide and support the construction of
hypothesis.
This study will be held in discourse analysis. Discourse analysis is based
on the understanding that there is much more going on when people
communicate than simply the transfer of information (Gee, 2005). This area of
study raises questions such as how meaning is constructed, and how power
functions in society.
B. Research Site and Participants
The participants in this research will be English teachers of
Senior High School in Watansoppeng, center of Soppeng
Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Soppeng is one town in South Sulawesi which is 240 km
from Makassar, the capital city of South Sulawesi. Soppeng is
well-know with its bats hanged around the city. This research
will be held in Watansoppeng, the center of Soppeng Regengy.

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The researcher will use purposive sampling technique for

the

selection

of

the

English

teachers.

This

technique

determines the sample based on certain consideration.

In determining the respondents of interview, purposive
sampling will also be used in the school of selected teacher.
C. Instruments
To elicit and capture the data, some instruments will be used in this study.
The instuments to see the characteristic of paralanguage features used by
teachers

the

will be video recorder and observation check list, while

interview will also be used to see students attitude toward these paralanguage
features.
Besides those intruments, qualitative methodologist Norman Denzin in
Given (2008) stated that the most important instrument in qualitative research
is the researcher himself or herself. The researcher is person who plays a
more obvious role in all stages of research.
D. Technique of Data Collection
To answer the research question, the researcher will use two methods to
collect the data; observation and interview.
1. Observation
Observation during the teaching process will be conducted to find out
characteristics of paralanguage features used by the teachers. This observation

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done by video recording the teachers during teaching and learning process.
Each observation will be lasted for two hours. After collecting the data, we use
observation checklist to gather the information about the paralanguage
features used by the English teachers based on some characteristics provided
by Poyatos (1993).
2. Interview
After each observation session, a short interview will be conducted with
the teacher about the purpose of using those features. The interview will
consist of some questions. The interview in this study will be semi-structured
interview. Semi-structured interview refers to an interview that consists of
fixed questions and open-ended questions. Semi-structure interview aims to
anticipate the interviewees answer that are not suitable with the question.

Table 3.1 Characteristics of primary qualities of paralanguage (Poyatos, 1993)

Semi strustured interview also allow the informants the freedom to express
their views in their own terms. The researcher will record the interview and
transcript it to gather the information from the teacher.

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The the interview will also be given to the students to know their
perception towards those paralanguage features used by the teacher in English
class. The format of students interview will be semi-structure interwiew.
E. Technique of Data Analysis
After collecting the data by using the instruments, the
researcher analyze data using the following steps:
1. Data reduction.
After make the transcript of teaching and learning process and
interview, the data then will be reduced. The transcription
process uses the following symbols:

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Figure 3.1. Transcription Symbols by Poyatos (1993)

Data reduction refers to the process whereby the mass of
qualitative data which have collected in form of observation and
interview transcripts reduced and organised, for example coding,
writing summaries, discarding irrelevant data and so on. At this
stage,the researcher try and discard all irrelevant information
and ensure that the researcher have access to it later if required.
2. Data display
To draw conclusions from the mass of data, Miles and
Huberman suggest that a good display of data, in the form of
tables, charts, networks and other graphical formats is essential.

3. Conclusion drawing/verification.
The analysis should allow the researcher to begin to develop
conclusions regarding the study. These initial conclusions can
then be verified.

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Figure
Miles

3.2.
and
Hubermans Components of Data Analysis