English for Political Science, International Relations and Journalism / Engleza pentru Stiinte Politice, Relatii Internationale si Jurnalism1L NATIONAL AL CERCETARI (cNCSIS) Diarape ISBN 978.975.149.675 Introducere in dicuilepurtae cue pe maginea ~—t0 force someoneto 2b, place or competition positon of power to slate-vb~ 1} tobe expected to happen inthe future or tobe expected to be or do something in the future; 2) o attack by criticizing; to write or say that something is very bad ith your slate wiped clean = with yourpastmistakes orcrimes forgotten © group of people who arechasen by a particular party to take ion. Ex: The senator hs not got fll slate of delegates in New IK ~ informal ~ when the price of food or drink onded so that they can pay for it another these drinks onthe sate? {o slather = to spread something thickly on something else {0 enact vb ~ 1) to put something into action, especially o change something into lw: A package of economic sanctions isto be enacted against ‘he country; 2) to perform a story or play ‘oimpair ~vb—to spol or weaken something so that tis less effective {o inhibit ~ vb ~ to prevent someone from doing something, ort slow down a processor the growth of something 13.3 Vocabulary Practice FForm fall, coherent sentences with the new vocabulary acquired in Unit 13, Incude them in your Portfolio, Br13.4 Grammar Skills. Idioms Connected to Money: Buying, Selling and Paying Personal finance ‘Sometimes in shop they ask you: ‘How do you want o pay” You can sends you a regular bank statement ‘money isin your account ‘Your alsohavea savings account where you depositany extra money that you have and only take money out when you want es special, You usually try to avoid having an overdraft or you end up paying @ n eed, is called a bank loan. IF és you money to buy ahouse, that money is a mortgage. ‘When you buy (or more formally, purchase) something in a shop, you ‘usually pay fort outright but sometimes you buy on credit Sometimes you may be offered a discount ora reduction on something yu buy at e shop. This means that you get, say, 10 pounds / dolar euro of Pethaps because you area student. You ae often offered a discount ifyou buy inbalk,teisnot usual to haggle about prices ina British shop, a Turkish market If you want to return something which you have bought toa shop, you ‘may be given a refund, ic. your money will be returned, provided you have a receipt, ey that you pay for services, eg. to school ora lawyer, is da fe or fees; the money paid fora joumey isa fare ‘VAT or value added taxis atx paid on most goods and services when they are boug ‘ompanies pay corps on theirprofis fou pay too much tax, you should be given some money back, a tax rebate “The goverment Recipient very cour has its own spel curreney, Every day the fa ished and you can discover, for example, how manyhis successful legal practice and political cartier to become the frst secretary ofthe board, There he exercised an enormous influence during the ertical for teachers and creating school Manns ideas were developed and distributed in twelve annuel reports the state of Massachusetts that he wrote during his tenure a 13.6 Reading Comprehension Skills Mier reading the txt carefully, please answer the following questions: 1. Which ofthe folowing tiles would best express the main topic of the passage? 8 The Father of American Public Education soph of Education Education 4. not accepted i 3. Which ofthe following describes Horace Mann’s early life? 4. He etended school six months a year he supported hi «, he was an only 4. he had to study alone, with no help 4, What did Horace Mann advocate? the state board school system the dstrict school system «. the substitute school system 4. the graded school system 4, work har, 13.7 Portfolio, ‘Whatis your favorite quote saying? Ina shor essay try answering this, ‘question and angument your choice, Make ture you give the essay an adequate title, bs13,8 Communication Skills Good thinking happens allow you to enquire more deeply, and discover more ideas. ‘relaxed environment, Cul Most people aren't used 0 used to urgency that they ean and may actually argue agi busy doi |, doing ie what, to think o get them. Sometimes, urgency, you seem actu create time, You will find you experience time diffe ease. And you wll achieve more. Cultivating ease in a conversation is largely a behavioral skill. Make yourself comfortable. Lean back, breathe out, look keen® and slow down your speaking sythm, Unit 14 “Courage is fear holding on a minute longer.” + General George Patton Freedom of the Press 14.1 Reading Ski Israel! ications are censored more freq apers ae privately owned and freelyae reflets the state of press freedom wi lank and Gaza Sup, whichis covered int inian Authority] same month, British Palestinian pres av, journalsts may befind and jailed and newspapers closed for publishing “secret information” on Palestinian security forces or ews that violence. However, another press signed in 1995, stipulates that Palestinian intelligence services da not the right to interrogate, detain, or arrest journalists on the basis ofthe arrested with them remain imprisoned under i newspapers and broadcast medi, to reportinformation in the ovement.” Authoriesalso contol all domestic ically monitoring e-mail and blocking aocess to some though the ress, Lebanese government actions freedom. A 1991 treaty between Syria and Lebanon includes «Age by Lebanon fo banal political and media activity that might harm Syria strict lfamationand security laws prohibiteriicismof top leaders and restrict politcal debate. in February 2003, Adonis Ak, a professor who about his experience in detention ater crackdown on ant- with istze! and damaging Lebanon's relations with Syria, and banned NTV broadcasts foratvo-day period, The2002 closure of the Murr television station Fi 2004 State Not es, To sere 66‘to smuggle ~ vb ~totake things or people to or froma place seretly nd often legally for broadcasting anti-Syria material remained in effect throughout the yea, fine nan amount of money that has tobe paid asa punishment for not Vocabulary to prohibit ~ vb ~ 1) t0 off {twerackdown phrasal vb—to start dealing with bao ina more severe way ‘ongoing ~24)- continuing to existor develop, or appeningatthe present to boyentt- vb to refuse to buy a producto take prt in en atvity as away of expressing strong disepproval 14.3 Vocabulary Practice Form full, coherent sentences withthe new vocabulary acquired in Unit 142. Include them in your Portfolio. settler -n— a person who arrives, especially from another county, in a 14.4 Grammar Skills ~ Acquiring Structures new place and claims the land in order to live on it and farm it Idiomatic Expressions: Success, Failure and Difficulty Succeeding one, iscorrect -an manage the wht ‘lash —n- 1) afi aes back, (manage, but not succeed, may have adirect object, clashes between the police and demonstrators inthe city center, 2) situation in this meaning) ‘We succeeded in persuading ax for some typical collocations with ‘succeeding’ verbs Reach | Atain | Secure Realize Puls [Achieve a ambition dream an agreement ‘Aiwa sccomplishment aseessT oy ‘Using the collocation matrix opposite, choose a suitable verb to fil the gap. Ifthe exact ‘word inthe sentence isnot ing that is close in vertical column ofthe matrix, look for 1 The managementhave. anagreement withthe union, ‘which will guarantee n strikes forth next three years, re and go round the wo all my responsibilities tomy fay, 1-fund has filed, its targetof £250,000. 4 Tnever thought t would my ambition, but now 1 have, 5 Very few people all theirhopes and dreams in ite, very few indeed, Tan 6 We hope the rwo sides. 4 compromise and avoid schere of mine dda’. off the missing word forms where they exist. ver ‘noun ‘adjective adverb im fail trouble ‘Correct the mistakes tn these sentences. 1 find very dfficalt to understand Engi 2 She succeeded 19 rae tothe top inher pf 3 Do you ever have any trouble to seth Ma6 you couldnt cope with your English studies? (ions would you hear the following remarks? rages if you are not sure. species of plants and animals in the world make their home. ny grow ina single ace, and the habitat for more than ten thousand kins of spider the world’s rainforestshave already been destroyed, by year 2010, Every being cleared. By the time be destroyed! When iss toa delicate global ecology, we don't know what we may be doing tothe future ofthe human species as well, ry 14.6 Reading Comprehension Skills After reading the text carefully, please answer the following questions: 1. What isthe point of view expressed inthe previous passage? ited ‘natural process 3, Whats the curent rate of destruction? 2) one ace per minute bone ace per second eroded by rains fany species of plans and animals that depend onthe rainforest will Become exsinet 2s may be changed ow, but a much slower rte 4) The ainforest 14.7 Portfolio ‘Write an essay ebout the rainforest. How can we try protecting it? Is ‘enough being done today? Make sire you include your pesonal opinion and arguments in favor of your standpoint. us14.8 Communication Skills Ask quality questions Ques conversation among gentlemen." ‘have adversarial content or trespass (Questions can sso be used in ways that don’t promote enquiry; either nel boundaries. The only legitimate tse of a question is to forter enquiry. Questions help to: you ean us. ‘Six types of questions can be considered in this case: = Closed questions: answered with yes or no * Leading questions: put the answer in the ther person's mouth questions: help you take the lead in the conversation thera People sre often inhi assumptions. On ‘or achieving something, The oth achieve, Asking good questions can ‘overcome the ip yout Ths Aris, “Sk Incompetence” from developing their thinking by too deep at they ar incapable of thinking wel about something, at they don't deserve to think w age the other person to inhibitors and grow a8 a competent thinker. ur“There is always room at the top” 15.1 Reading Skills Freedom of the Press United Kingdom! ‘The ish government exerted undue presture onthe media daring 2003, (oflrag, The survival of Briin's two most important conservative newsp the Daily and the Sunday Telegraph, is in question afer he financi is state-owned; c co0unts for about half of Tin 004 ~ Stas: Fee, Tol Score: 19 United States of America “The major challenges to pres freedom wer issues ested to coverage of the invasion of Iraq, Many press outlets chose to cover igned to the prest has provided detailed coverage ofthe ‘of faq and the ofen-rancoraus debate wi same geographical ma advosasy graups arguing tat the new rules would contribute to an overconcentraton of media ownership. sontention, ‘The new rales were under challenge in Congress at year's been filed in the federal courts to prevent their implementationColombia Colombia's ongoing, 40-year-old evi war has not abated. The precarious ion prevailing throughout the country extends 5 government, ed by President ‘enforce these laws effectively and abductions are commonly parpetrated against reporters documenting human rights abuses in the civil war or the sctivties of drug tafickes in region. In 2003, 4 journalists were murdered and 40 more received death heats, making Colombia one of the most dangerous countriesin he world for journalists, A considerable amount of self-censorship results in this insecure environment 15.2 Building Vocabulary toease—vb-~tomake orbecome lest severe ifcult, unpleasant, pain, ight to control the production and selling of ‘book, play, film, photograph or piece of music ‘threat na suggestion tat something unpleasant or violent will happen, especially ia particular ation or order is nt followed turmoil na sate of confusion, uncerttnty nd lack of order ortheoming ~adj~ coming soon {contend —vb—to compete in order to win something 130 rancour ns feeling of tate and continuing anger about something in the past ‘torun/allafoulofsth/ sb —adv—to experience problems, punishment corharm because you disobey a rule or disagree with a powerful ganization, ‘group or person to trigger ~ vb —to cause something bad to start The racial killings at the weekend have triggered off a wave of protests throughout the country ‘ontention = 1) disagreement 2) opinion to abate ~ vb (Formal) 10 become | strong {tw prevail vb~ 1) to get contral or inTuence; 2) tobe common among, ‘group of people or area ata particular time: This atitade stil prevails among the mide classes to perpetuate — vb ~to cause something to continue 15.3 Vocabulary Practice -oherent sentences with the new vocabulary acqui Include them in your Portfolio. 415.4 Speaking Skills / Managing a conversation 1 Introducing a tople We very often use questions as an invitation to someone to develop a conversation, For example: Did anyone se the film on Have you heard about the change in2 Changing topic 19° the direction ofa conversation you can say Jim phoved. speaker, we usually react to what is being sid expressions of encouragement and cooperstion: ‘of dears that So? yeah amit see yes, of course needed a decision quickly, Negotiating ‘Negotiating involves a number of separate stages. Some useful language tage: 1 Stating aims ‘What we need to decide Can we agree onan over 2 Imposing conditions ‘We couldn't onder that quantity unless you were prepared fo, ‘We can place «firm order oly on condition that you pay within a week. We can do business with you provided tha you give us an open account, 4. Rejecting suggestions That cally isn't on, ean’ go along with that Tha's out ofthe question, Pm afiad that's not acceptable. $s Bargaining Iwe give you extra discount wil you increase the sizeof the order? Ifyou offered an extended guarantee we could see our way to reducing the price Wem i make a concession Ifyou do the same 6 Sommarising Have I got this right? We've agred to, As we agreed, you cate of. and we you have not reached 153 | |7 Ending the negotiation we've covered everything ‘We ean shake on tht. 15.5 Trivia / Extra / Mis for geysers exist in regions of geologically recent ‘more than average precip 15.6 Reading Comprehension Skills After reading the text carefully please ansver the following questions: The ratio of temperature to pressure in underground waters 4) Regions of geologically recent voleane activity eases but temperature does not increases but pressure doesnot ressure and temperature increase pressure nor temperature increase 5. Whereis the Old Faithful located? land 15.7 Portfolio Pease write a short essay describing @ natural phenomenon that ever detail abou it 15.8 Communication Skills ‘Why do conversations go wrong? and only a few have been trined in the at of ef Ou: deine it indicate the eventual / possible location and give ink of conversations that have gone wrong. Working out ong may be hard. Conversations are very subtle and they‘why conversatcns fail under four dim and behaviour. ‘By looking at them, we can begin to understand more clearly how , why they go wrong and how we can begin to improve shave a context. They happen for a reason, Most sation and they are prt ofa process = we Both know what we are talking about we know how the other person views the situation and thet there isa need for agreement ‘we canbe brutally honest control we can exert ever others, If we can influence and behaviour in any way, we have power over them? become paralysed as ene of ws becomes overcome by theESSAYS GEORGE CATLETT MARSHALL sltary expansion in the US ‘hc pedi repre corte scenily ean continent, He wrote the docu: ‘European economy was constanlly deteriorating and 0 United Slates docided to intervene. State Depart ‘ng communism. Through this plan, Toad an fico. Thepns ta USA cae ty Contin details or numbers, IC was a call forthe Europeans to find their own rebuilding plan, and then US would have financed it USA emphasized the imporance offre trade: of European Unity. Turning he plan into ty was hard because tiveen European counties were nee- cessry. Bach nation had ‘the negotiations were long and wast obtain US Congres approval eee tra counties enjoyed prospes reconstruction plan, George MarsalADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LIVING IN ANURBAN AREA x ofthe world can be our ho fre we have our own rights, te. Every place can be beau Dutas we rcawaystooking for perecon, we vay ind bad sides and good sides. Sevan te em pose ne etntinv al onc oefoettntmesenses smd | sons ely pom on eo | ‘etn datveedinbencssapeorwelisento | cine comesion |DREAMS COME TRUE right saying that someone can get whal he wan Daring the entire history, great teachings of Cabbala or Sufism showed end i The thing that i really important i the strong will to make & change now, change which will bring great benefits and fulfillment you, First id which are the ten mest important. ‘After you have entered this sate deeply, try to associ or asound. Thistechnique in nerolinguste program ing’. Its the same as you would thnk ofa lemon and during the process af imagining it you wll fel the taste of tin your mouth, Analogical everyone POLITICAL NEWS OF THE DAY For the Girt time since Summit that took place |, Germany. NATO leaders, inching strong partnership during the Romania attended Friday’ in Strasbourg, France and Ke which symbolize Franco- ion and marked te etum of Parisin themilitary command. ‘of NATO, from wiere it retired in 1966, following a decision of Charles de Gaulle. sd Sunday in the NATO-EU SummPOLLUTION years polation has been one ofthe most discussed subjects. the new laws and regulations passed by the Study the unique chanoe to measure the temperatures on the AF tory during the3 days following the attacks when no commer planes were lowed to leave ground, The results were shocking: the temperatures were mn average of 3 degrees higher. While glob ‘lobe warming it has bocome pat of & yet to fully comprehend "firmly believe that the only decisive and immediate aetion can felp fnumanity escape environmental eu and steps are us ious eycle whose effects we have 1 most optimistical visions ofthe future RAINFORESTS. ecosystems, They ae so amaz~ te fact that thes incredible places ret they contain more than" ofthe Tn any opinion, rainforests aze the source of many indispenss that weall use in out homes, and ve should protect the rainforests, areas, Some of the products in- that we can do every day to protect the rainforests, for exampl foreatsarecutfortrees. By using ess paper, it hast been lated that we can be educated consumers and buy things involving the de wih rainforest ‘corporations are being boyeatted for rainfores Jou know to avoid buying these products. ‘boul the rainforest. We ean read books and ar- important to tale albout is destruc- ase-media can We ean protec he tropi humans need Nature! Be active, be respon:SOMEWHERE OVER THE RAINBOW teachers swept away oar dreams about ‘been enough that Santa had already inbows that made us so sed? ‘inbow is a meteorological and opticel phenomenon that causes & ‘appear inthe sky when the sun shines onto droplets of be Earth's atmosphere. Ie takes the form of a multicolored are, So, next ime you see a rainbow, imagine whatever you i choice, your rainbow, your dream! TaTeaiipeiacrpwikraitow SOURCES | TEXTS / BIBLIOGRAPHY 3. Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Cs onary of Government and guage Editions 1988, 1997 gi eta tn limba “Sesiets" ~ Zhe Scndinaian Made Herausgegsbon von der Fridich- ing, Bonn, 2007 1, MeCarthy, Michael and O'Dell, Felicity, “English Vocabulary in Use", Advanced, Cambridge Univ Mereatbe, Emanvel 15, Office for Offical Publications of the European Communi ‘Barking Studving inanather EU County”, An Overview of Your EURighsOxford Advanced Leamer’s Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 1995 “Presenting in English”, Wordland, Bucharest, 2006 Sharpe, Pamela, PhD ~ Teora, 1996 ‘Vine, Michael “English Grammar. Macmillan, London, 2003 wens Policy and the Euro