Professional Documents
Culture Documents
w0 0s63130Pn6)s...
1(63m)ST30
OEMUMMSOBOLB (fl)0(89fl6)3cfl)(l))lm363)l 000fl)3(
36)Ol.aJC6) - 1971 o1oi1 2
a1
.. .
02o
JOCDo
ODJ5TDQ
61DQ3o
(6)CO (TU(
JCW1O
O)JCfl)'G?J
Ti)16)CY?O)3o
OOU,o
OlaQJOmo
301mjo
- crut1k301mjo
uomo &3fl
ic1
ajomc
3O1(DJo
rTDW)
&3O1G)Jo . 0133K1UIC1
OOCD
EQPjo
DH)
W1.c16)Cf?O &ao m 3 iBa Pj m g6n 3 a
aUZo
000m)
Jo - 97%
ocmom
ooiio
Thcai(a(Um)1(D m ejm16a?o ,cim1
-
3O1(DJ(1u1rn
-1oQ)O1
ff
13im1o)1(
1oCDO1
so
Q3o13JOmo
UTUJ(O1)l6)(TO
Un1Q91J(m)16)acxw3O e,366DJ !
-
3WJOCfl)l6ic1PJSdb6MU13 mno.
Do,so.6scn
132Jo (3uQJO) )Cfl)d1)
O36(T1)&Oo 06)Q)
oqjicmcm
io
6 M Gd
6!31) (1)J6)q3
1)d1cW]S(rO
6hjSa(m) O1mo(
3
TDd1)
Do- J
6),4(TUo. Cfl)O(Wl)a/,OCTDJo
Jo
SCrOC)(TUAWIL& PJo))o,
a36T1) 2J3Q)
6)6OWJo q.2A C M l(()o - (Th1C1
QO(
136CTO Mf3j.. CT)1J CTDJ6Tflo 'QJ(DJo (6ThD0J1 QJ) )O,
(Lq
SOcJcW (U)j01W.)o
srn( Ja
6)OO
16J(CThio
Qoo)l
- 6(o]cn)1cr
ow1&63(m(' - nQJ(fl
- 8
J6I31
0CW1)9
2io(6)ciO(u1OJO)
()GflThJ
m16fTo
dl? m1ocm ioio uu
m(t1
WOjo
1 CG
cQJ-35aflQ
rJ)PJGm)16eJ o16xo (M@
(WOW306T)66)QJOfl))(C3(I)o
Q9 - 89%
Q3clumalw5o mjff6
cn1J,1eJ2o
-eJo
6J(o. Q30QJd%o. C)J3(o aMCMI CQCM
oimo1io
CIJ(3
92%
6 mmPiql(n3
PJam)16a3o
Qg)QJo()1cT
1m1i-68C/154F
aQ39QJo
eio
iQ3QOJ2o & ~ sammdb ()OaJo (/6)63
aD GJ(33(Lo o - lR pjo
MCfl) CWO3()
eiwm)1claQaJo
LD c1JQ,a@s2Joo6m1 -6fl42JJW
1Gm 66oJQai1cl,
oi6)ooi31
o1e
oi
ffr) n iaottwo - PJo
oiou
Q)ffno1cID6Js3cm
Z1-J6)QJ(3JU)l
ma rmmmt
-
ciJ(a6n)a?
1u e0001cuj (ri
6)6)0o 630ofl nocaUd MOOOM(b cQ(fl)
11m1m5)
S1Q3CD1j6... (B%(86)S
fl
6)6)1W
(U(8)1(
o1scmc8i
6Q)ffl
mo
moms(rn
m1086m
- 2Jm1w1
O4(8)J
J6mJ3m)1eJ36n'
- 6(83
J2cO0
9BJ
1J)j0m((3e,1-J63)19j99(
150.1 8Jt1.15
201446 6)63)12J88(
aQ0J3o
6)3(U)o -
3O1O8DOi6m9J
iaiofl
o1a6m
6)3
rOo -
18
occru2J1n(
63(83 Oil)
UftaJ2
2J(UX8o(Do
,3O6T0r63 (J)W)O0)6))
mapJUMOUMo
OoO1S631uid
0 Planet) - ajjoa'o
.icT3m163eJ RPMALB1 6, Ub 66(6fl6631U)1
- 89%
n1m)o6 (Miniature
6)6m31m163)63)1(
mson a3s16)oJ
iemo
363)1632J16rnh)3s1m1D3(D
mjcao- 6)6nio6nJmao
Synthetic Aperture Radar)
J9(fl).2J(Oo 6)To(61.
63m)16)ao (1)1
mo63k11e1
CWW
O(5d c)el) UaOIZOM. LDaWJMAMb O4S1
- 11%
2JOJ3(8o fl1631cS6)3OD6)i' - 61193900
1)3CT - D1900960 (0)36
08u631m1o63x2nrncm3(g3(o
63 3 ,d
J309(W(CUi
-1 gm/cm3 = lgnt/ml= I kgm/litre = 1000 6J3903 Q 3 cdjP mjC1b (008ftD&W1
kgnim3
2JcJ063)
6rno(rs1mhoo1no- coJ3(Wco61cfl)na
OU)J63)16)2J (8T93J 9(308163)
- ()6fll3(3 - a03UCW163)
PJ63m)16)clo(Tu3((3(m
0J163)o1986(DOJo610J(23
ClD)J63)16)PJ C816)O 9B(i81Q)2JQJ0(0)
- 1.020m/m1 to 1.029gm/mi or 11020
(nm(=11(r1iU83(3DPio
-a3mJaafl
63o)m3o6)6)om3o
o1fl&os1moom
CmUb 633183OZ n46 oa(o)6)omo
6n303(n36)0iTfl 0JO6mTm63
S2PJo6)03o63)3
36)6nXni'6)63)1
63)1-,0(JCTB1W1o6
%(Q63)1Q3m)
(mOO)(0)o
Cr0flPJo
3S3(03((3% Npim
I
I
I
I
I
3U8j613
63WOi1j1C6 613163
(T)l0o-i3Ohc
61WOi11o6 (06)W 008J610,30)) rn
-
Omj635l(6 61W
(1Dom1U0Cfl66T3(I
3S3()63 Pl1316)
90)00)
9,(063m)163 61W
l)I3
,35163)
-Offl(8J61oWPJo (r406m0,3o)
3061010) (9(3
r0063 ir001W6cJ 9ceo18(0)03163Z 61W
9(8o,
9e,(awm)16)Pl 61WmlWm?)
LDO(V
CD0
)m)0l63)5)J
S3(1D( - (9(308163) R eJnJUM 5
.i1(fl)0(
(0(3&3c
(S36)1)
I
961
i6013U
D01(W6)S3(To((3
m1o61Oi961J130B
SQJ001 /,0PIOJ(o(8o o(Tfl0i63)
6
S3 (M 61)- 6) (0) 6)-oJ al 6611030 0(1
616fl)36fl
61W
-
s306T0(0) 3I
(03i183OJ(0(TU)J3(8o
9,(863(Th16)C10 1100c0i36Tl))i1
- Pi66ils1 - olQ)m3s
-
I
I
61001)o
3PiO63)
9(8103161
-
,3Sl63)
-9,0W196)0S
96,(8
1U0(8 61W
O6(S3Crfl61
6161TCrU36fl?(
61WQ0S3u638oJ(839o (9BU
6)0J(16(0W3J963)00)1
61W61T0)3163)363S
(U)6T0361T0)QJ
Ola@39@ l06363J6l63)19Pl6 .1
6)iJ39(fli00 (036(fl361103306101033L
,3(fl)61i- (1312Jh3jWo
MM&T D36da)(fl)
6136fl30Cr)61i - 61W
crolo c4r0) (8180611fl W(3a)103l61? C01Cm30
6)0(WiC18(D
mCnOi(81
(033Pl00J(o(8o
633659(0)3(9)(918633(rflc
-
(3303Wj906(10
913U8o
61WQliPJ363S aJ(80W6TOo
DS(m2.
300o-3(830
u000cmli
&,0(861Do (nj
I
(total internal reflection)
I
49OJ30 a4sammb 03W PJ(liQ3(TD 61 I
061319QJ0 61(83133611 (mJ31ro1
(82(83031
PJCI?CU3)
I
61W(0Ta)3163)36)S 01Q61l031fl5 eo
(0)1(lPl0)o
(860)o - aJ3861001103(a
,1863)161Z 63W31(0S6)fl
LnjIr)(1
,W1610IV3361 13361163)1
9(3)061)C0j - coD1610r01e0Z
a0l610CT)l36)S(fl0
61182JO(,,
630ad'9)Cfl)lCQ)( - 6118a
911W01J0611U) (336(J6ffWo PlO
aqs16)ojp@ a x86mo mJ
jolui'
166)6
(83Jo - 6)6nil)1w163
Plo
063)36)S6)6)(3(?(9jo-1687&.61l
92j08(0m19PlQOi3o 6)3S3(U)63
PJW
636)(LMUY
6)3(j22
2004-m3
mo-93aj18)s
mejoom6)6J19((86moms
61W
3nJ39m1uY
1-2007
83C8 6331c1
(8ram3cu00o63oo2:1(m6n.
(3rCn)1(W
9cro3w3(um)16)eJ
2003
o-3cJ
(Tho(0)o-9Jo
1OJJr3Oa36fl)3o-2005-2015
16n0reo(8o- 6302
(83(flXD3o
a$kmao mm w
oJ111
oi1&
S)PiZ
cruaajct
,19PJ3(Oo
2u()16)oo
m36mco
3(cD1fl6S aJ3(3(Thl
9
6013U?i - eoJl, aoee6nJ, aJ1uoem
6Mo
o1m11(
16J mcrggaoub
oll 630aLCTmJ-
jn1c6
C1)jQ)1(Z
(oJo fflC1Q) (TBJ (fl)oCfllDOmo
TQJCTW
s0mor1cD1oilUxml
6(016 oocoj
O3nJ3(
38c0ciaJfl?J(ICrL1D3CDo
Jo
-mlcaoafl
uaaau m ejo 6mair3jacm
0oCfl)3(
1Q2JM=1da9QJaoao63c0
(631W19
9863ml19PlQOi3o
2168
(8I(((63)l6)3(T() (TUDPJo
03W(0)o
-,3(fl0S
,1W6)16)CT0 6Olm1(T0- tagr3MO9
ioei aio
eiam1Qm
rj
9J&U
SCT(LDo
-D3Q,CflIO3oJ1()o1990
ei1Z
36038
'i Q Mj16ei
u6)13
-6)OJCTlim
o6nJoQj3
im1
1)CU)1(T
lfl o -PJ o
eJ3(d- 6)J3QJ)1(
m, cowncs
imi1J6s
Jwoo
1e63)1(l)
0offD0(
95(8(=leJ36)S
W)l(l96)a(1?)
6Sff039QJ3 , 3(TT)
a6, 9(308163) wjjom - 9(308163) N ei
33Pl63m163m1m,3s3(8x6? 083
(3Plo916)S36)3Cm(83Jo
-(D9d16)1880611lj
m1a6)3u2u9Tb6m3afl6330
mocmomani(swouflewa(me
-
0l))J63)163Pl LD AM05ab
0W(l))l)W63)
90O10
e3j16)0io (931m063
ciJ363)3
Oi06)U83r3D1
-0O(UIOi09Ol633(fl6)189(6)0
eBUkW @9000ad
9(308163)PJJO(031 6118Plc060i60)0(3-000CU)163): 1620 ft1.61. (WoW, (30)1(3
(c61oJ3)
m01635i612))
(fllflO0Jl(03o 1988
98081
COO61Z. .iffli6)(8
9808163)
QJ16))o 2013
(3I
n'
o31Q
(2 0 crulm)cb mommmbJ3(
esumrd
a)C1.fl
(9100T8101
O0119(?i
D qj 3 emL3@mml(zib
6(S
(flo
I3U0
6i313(J
im mxmj
O330QeU?3
oe S OOMpp(=W
-3000 M19(
6,0J1030D
3(9)16)J WWOM
oJQi6)3m)
es1j
0((fl$I91)O3
6flJ3Sl(0182)
),(f?J
(W33J((
o1x60 (1310(900J(0T0)10$
0ciJ0cS1,
Ei3cX111)1(0Z os1 ai
oiocm 101091 -
c0)(
P013
mb
Till
Ul91l0J
49Q120
-
e,10611)-
11119)1u1(%
161eJ
m1103(1fl19)363S
uo1o191boloo alcooJ
(8TaQJ /
J6T1Wo/6)Q)Cfl)l6)Cl1O
6m1
10wi161oJ
030
m1rn163UD Jc06rP'
(1))lM?1
ml)o4j1c
J6T10Th030J
T9119J
-(Ult)74
a,J(061Do
(CTWo (9(003(TT)
i)8l
amlJ2
4gQc)Jao
-01)lQ)341(T?
0G)3(916fl00613Y(3
(OXOoWo POJ
-1)ulQ04jl(T
l0)3l1) LD (Y91J
0?
jsl - 00
13013611?(
1(9)3.16)00
-
(PS
S 0e,(0(919116)PJ
18,911 (13108'I
LD (110J(16)S 0iS06Hil)Qo
(B1(a3
oJ6T0o
(11)00(3W
ew
18.911 aiisl
,thafl86m
mlrr6
mo1-cnjmo1
mloo
l81)o16)cIo
(ZD
o1S3eJQxo1o16)no
OJOJ61D(93j0
O)35T10(Th131(0)1
Jfl1)
JQ
Jm)1cwctr
0J30 0101119)
oJ1.6)91 (91061)J113&J
(tflSO93o
WwD1-onnm)16c
(1J2J1(n)
o1ecm
flo1600)
910J09S3,o
910)
6)(0,D003 ((03(
( (3 U))
1)9)J0916)PJ
fl((D01)0336)S (1)38
-
o91ocu1
(9)S3o
a390J3o 8J0J61030U80J3
-
C(il3o@3 ((0391ffUfl3(i)
6cfl50J(TCW160003)Pi(fl1fl30)o
,oW3
(a3Pfl
Q3oJo
S3D(15 OW
om
1D091
6)S1D36T1)
ml
31e6 cr1)
6390U06T1 m3
6)U)X9001W
(J(Ml
13J(91l
O)3(T?) ,3C861Do
103)3
0JBJ10)1 o1ir3Jo
(O
J3(3l.J13J
(QOJ1)
1)(13(01(9 06rnJ13J3Dl
Blr416)TT)
fl1DJ(1
9BU0o
01o1TU1rn0)PJ(S10TO)
Oc6)cLU
913U8o
010D31(3O
6)(R),
6)a1)cS3(u1o(M16(cu)-
606333 LDM 01
06)00?) 0306m
-0JJ91Pi)3(t0)6)3U?) (1U3(3(11)
1924-OJ36rIOOcO)
311
103(1)J
,31061Do
6)c3
103(TJ1(D0)01o0)6)3Lr
(T1)3(33(0) 4043S3(0)0J36fl.
1Th1(0
m g o6m
0iZ(fl) aucruj6 3
33U
m1a6s
(030)J OTo3o1wfl10?)
,31061Do 6)1S6)3l1?)
mo6m
(cwocn1eJ1
iloimlo>oj QJoo aQ)cmo1)6)cs3cm
1 -(31008(Z
3101 Qi
ol
2J3(91))0J60136)S 03611)1 u)(M0l
-6(Pi00(53
9)6)c50T) QJo
obam1m
e
-
lfflOfl)o
olomoJ0
103CflJ1C(
30113W6)3u?) (11)3(g10)
'
6)r4T
6303 611fl06)016)2J
oTo)1eJ3
m3' (63e,3I3mi3a?). o06)o16oi o
(010116)0?)o mo
J-0(oQ0(1o6xa) (91(03(103
0Jo
6)3(fl) OTiiPio
m91310m11010
6).JcilJ(11) I8,acSeJ
oc31tZ 631
m18anorn
SOJOJO
m0J1'Cfl)J0(3&03@10(3(DT0936)S oJ693W1oJ
6)63, 0301
063,(8(919)16)2J (131,13J6)11110)
J014j1(
J(31?JU90)o 063,0W1
012J093c0)9)160)0913wrjm3S63,0(309o1)10l11030(a?)nu1
a001)0)o
01)112D163,(01
41 01)?)n91o.
0lP1093(1119)16)01 (11113J6XU1ZT)
01303)0(301)163,
(l31(3J0(0
0,3l?)Sl163,
Sl1a6o0a?)' (91Oo(3l
)(Tilh1)1)163,106fl)
01)?)nSlo.
0i1?fl0l01m0(O18or31
41 0J1?)oSlo.
01SPi1()30L5 611)
8613S30991109 Oi1?loqlo.
(fib
a)
0936)S'63o303coJlft4363G)(0l' a01)
11636)301S(11) OJc5oOlo.
1901
013011)1091 0)
41 01 1?) oSlo.
0111J06 6)0i1Q5ko?)
112D163,1
oSlo
(jU30)0(309
01)1.
oJo6)63,36113
(u1
1?)ni51aQ)01)l o01
0J(?)Slo.
0076fli
0J10901
19101(893011019)1(0?)
63,00)363,30319)109
nu1j (U910
4J 0J1?oSlo
)PJSl
j (Thl09303)
D103
41 Oi1?10910
(/063,100?) 0)
1910
nu5cw1)o30?). 0130)01)0(3(3009 oJ(01o9163))OOml mog
0U1)3ri10910309 0O3o910
gg
(O30Jomc663109 0Jl?)nSlo
olo?)
01309 01//oSlo
OJthoSlo.
CU(OoSlo
10001J
(01j6)(010) 0aI3
il0901
(9)1110QJl(130PJ3o(3oJ3(0)30)1109l6)0J10E01l09 Oil/oSlo.
*
(1)013WO01 6)013060111?) 301510)) (a611030(61(0(0) (WoOJSO)
090311) 01Jl/01CD1T/6
10?
WTITW1091 [S30?lrn)C)JT101S3(UT0) 43S0C//0(fl/01525 003o cruno
1010i11&510/1113)10?( (331m0100096mW3(03
91WCfl)3L0063090(o
(115(00J141 01)/oSlo
091c93a1rnc101J3(01u101.i30) 0)o03 (11801) 0J(?IoSlo
C9)1(030111010od01301103 63,31?(oSll63, 63310J100(46336)S (T1910)J0010
Jco19)31(06)eJ
(0)0911(9?)
6)oJ360T
0)361))".
Uo
43(P
,731& 093011010)10) 0935636)o 63,30141 0O1)J636)6)6)Pi
(11) nJ1331?Oflo 63,61133J1s141 Oi1?(oSlo
1908
0J3611)
64J06)o )(m0lQ)o
th6n1
o6Ua1 6flJ3S1101(9)
99 - 68J
6)0130601(0?) cru09)3o)
e6)oo31om(06)o(s?) (11)3(Q3(11)
6)0JO(S3(f?). cw1mo?).
6T)J3S1(8110)
091(a301301141 ai80Ol0
(91361T)3
C0JO
jS mb(aaOMc6bplW?
1909
1121)163,10141 Oi(?)c(0lo
(lOm)16)rT?(o 0(0i093 ,,J10l(63o91
101636)3(1?)
013(11)51911
JriO1)iJ(OJo 9110)109ol(0J(D)3091
0(o03@310(0131)100l
o6)63,06T13" J3(?)10To)1093636)1,
- .1Weo(63d1ail)
'1(0? c'1oi
(103130918J
(9)S3o, L
D CM)JM)16)P.J QJ2J1IQ) 09S3o
6xixIliau
21636310
8S1lD)Z6)s
630 1)1)63,3(0?)
,301(9)0?)
'e,Sa1
aQ3QOJ3o
S6)3Pi 631mJ1
61mJ110191l6)2J 630(06)093(03
oj3
(ru1ok)l
,(014 0J(?1091o.
06336fl?)(Q)mS
s&jIED SEA
-70,1.S1
(flflcP) a.J1 cr
30lW10o
c11)loiu1e,106rflo (U1(0041
41 oil?)
(0303) 0i1?)o91o.
(U1J30J
curo116x10 m)O(3110Om0(310
630o-(B1103
03) 0J(?)o010
912J91t)12Js69131091101o)zcm 910J3o(J8
oil?)
ira
gidmimra p mxa.
89l3.
nO
(11)013091.
(0,(0o 1)033
'
0198
c39(1I3o
1906
rJ141 01//oSlo
0(13//01090)0(TD 01(1)141 (li//oSlo.
(0109101 (33o9l(Si113)o0Jl (OIOCSOJ101OPJ3o10 0090 010910J19)o
(oTcorl141 oil/0000
01)J4313(l110((511)00011 61d3 (0311
63,30110?)011000)3S363,SCUI01110) Oil/oSlo.
091103011090o
9(fl$193)(l