Cao hc: Xy Dng Dn Dng v Cng Nghip

Mn hc: Phn Tch ng X & Thit K Kt Cu BTCT

Bi ging: Prof. Andrew Whittaker

Bin dch: PhD H Hu Chnh

Chng 5: PH TCH & THIT K H THG S BTCT

5.1

H THG S BTCT

5.1.1

Phn loi h sn BTCT chu ti trng ng

C mt s h sn BTCT 2 phng chu ti trng ng m t di y:

H sn phng - flat plate floor system
o chiu di nhp = 15-20
o chu ti trng nh (v d ti trng cn h chung c)
o gi thnh r v chi ph vn khun thp

H sn nm - flat slab floor system
o chiu di nhp = 20-30
o chu ti trng ln hn sn phng (v d ti trng vn phng lm vic)
o s dng cc tm pa-nen (drop panel) gim ng sut ct (trc tip v do mmen
gy ra) ti u ct

H sn li - grid (waffle) slab floor system
o
o
o
o

chiu di nhp = 20-35

chu ti trng ln (v d ti trng nh cng nghip)
cng ln dn n chuyn v nh
gi thnh c tin v chi ph vn khun cao

Sn 2-phng c dm (khung thng thng)

Sn 2-phng c dm nng (band beam)
o Kch thc dm nng rng v cn nhm hn ch ti a chiu cao dm v cho php
d dng qua li
S 4 dng u tin ca h sn BTCT c MacGregor trnh by di y:

Chng 5: PHN TCH & THIT K H THNG SN BTCT

Cao hc: Xy Dng Dn Dng v Cng Nghip

Mn hc: Phn Tch ng X & Thit K Kt Cu BTCT

Bi ging: Prof. Andrew Whittaker

Bin dch: PhD H Hu Chnh

thit k sn v h sn BTCT, ngi k s phi:

Xc nh c ng truyn ti trng (load path) t sn n ct v tng xem hnh
di

Tho mn cn bng lc xem hnh di

Chng 5: PHN TCH & THIT K H THNG SN BTCT

Cao hc: Xy Dng Dn Dng v Cng Nghip

Mn hc: Phn Tch ng X & Thit K Kt Cu BTCT

5.1.2

Bi ging: Prof. Andrew Whittaker

Bin dch: PhD H Hu Chnh

Cn bng lc trong h sn 2 phng

Trc ht xt h sn mng c dm (plank-and-beam floor system) nh hnh v di y
(theo MacGregor). Chiu di nhp sn mng gia hai dm l l1 v chiu di nhp dm tgi-n-gi l l2

Gi s rng ti trng ng tc dng ln sn l w (kips/ft2). Trn mt ct A-A ca hnh v,

mmen un n v (m) bng:
wl 12
kip-ft/ft width
8
Mmen un tng cng M trn ton chiu rng bn sn (bng ngang mt ct A-A) l
m =

( wl 2 ) l12
kip-ft
M =
8
Ti trng ng w c truyn xung dm thng qua cc gi ca bn sn. Mi dm
chu mt ti trng phn b u bng
wl 1
kips/ft
2
Mmen (Mb*) tc dng ti gia nhp mi dm (ti mt ct B-B) l:
wl
( 1 ) l 22
kip-ft
M b1 = M b 2 = 2
8
V tng mmen tc dng trong c hai dm l

wl 1l 22
kip-ft
8
Nh vy trong v d ny, ti trng w truyn theo hng ng-ty bi bn sn v gy ra
mmen tng ng l wl2/8, v truyn theo hng bc-nam bi cc dm v cng gy ra
mmen tng ng l wl2/8.
M =

By gi xem xt h sn phng 2-phng di y. S truyn ti trng tng t nh trong

h sn mng c dm trn. Mt ln na, ti trng truyn hng ng-ty v ri hng
bc-nam, nhng ln ny ch c bn sn chu ti mt mnh.

Chng 5: PHN TCH & THIT K H THNG SN BTCT

Cao hc: Xy Dng Dn Dng v Cng Nghip

Mn hc: Phn Tch ng X & Thit K Kt Cu BTCT

Bi ging: Prof. Andrew Whittaker

Bin dch: PhD H Hu Chnh

Mmen tng tnh ton dc theo mt ct A-A v B-B l:

M A A =

( wl 2 ) l12
8

(5-1) ; M B B =

( wl 1 ) l 22
8

(5-2)

Hai phng trnh ny phi c duy tr bt chp loi h khung sn, hay ni mt cch
n gin, chng l cc iu kin cn bng.

5.1.3

ng x ca h sn 2-phng b ph hoi un
Trc khi trnh by cc phng php phn tch v thit k h sn 2-phng, cn phi
nghin cu ng x ca mt h sn 2-phng b ngm c bn cnh n gin nh hnh bn
di (theo MacGregor).

Chng 5: PHN TCH & THIT K H THNG SN BTCT

Cao hc: Xy Dng Dn Dng v Cng Nghip

Mn hc: Phn Tch ng X & Thit K Kt Cu BTCT

Bi ging: Prof. Andrew Whittaker

Bin dch: PhD H Hu Chnh

MacGregor nhn nh c 4 giai on ng x ca mt bn sn BTCT chu ti trng n khi

ph hoi nh trch dn di y. Gi s rng ct thp lp trn v lp di bn sn phn
b theo cc hng u bng nhau.

Trc khi nt (giai on 1)

o Tm sn lm vic nh bn n hi; i vi ti ngn hn, vng v ng sut tnh
theo phng php phn tch n hi


Nt do co ngt trong sn b ngn cn nh hnh v ?

Sau khi nt v trc khi thp chy do (giai on 2)

o Trng thi thng thng trong sn nh khi chu ti dch v (service loads).
o Bn khng duy tr cng khng i lu hn c na ; tnh ng hng khng
duy tr lu hn c na v cc kiu nt khc nhau trong 2 phng ; cc vng b
nt c cng nh th no (cao hn/thp hn) ?
o L thuyt n hi l phng php hp l tin on mmen trong giai on ny.

Thp chy do (giai on 3)
o Chy do ban u hnh thnh trong vng c mmen m ln (xem hnh b. trn,
giai on A)


S phn phi mmen trong mt nhp dm c hai u c nh nh th no?

Cc khp do (plastic hinges) hnh thnh khi bin dng vt qu bin dng chy do
(do tng ti trng) v phn phi li mmen, rt cuc gy ra cc mmen dng chy
do ti vng trung tm sn v cc mmen m chy do ti cc gi ta vung gc (xem
hnh c. trn, giai on B)

C cu ng chy do - yield line mechanism (giai on 4)
o Khi tng ti thm na, cc vng chy do (nt hay ng chy do) pht trin chia
bn sn thnh mt lot cc tm n hi hnh thang hay tam gic nh trnh by
hnh d. bn trn (giai on C); cc ti trng tng ng vi giai on ny c th
tnh ton bng phn tch ng chy do - yield line analysis (s c trnh by
trong chng ny v chng sau).
Mc ch ca trnh by trn gm 2 phn :

 Phn tch n hi ca tm sn BTCT c th l khng chnh xc i vi cc ti

trng ln hn ti dch v (v i vi cc tm sn b nt ng k do co ngt, ...)
 S phn b li ng k ca ti trng xy ra trong h sn sau khi ct thp bt u
chy do.
o Cn do (ductility) cung cp s phn b li ca ti trng (load
redistribution).

Chng 5: PHN TCH & THIT K H THNG SN BTCT

Cao hc: Xy Dng Dn Dng v Cng Nghip

Mn hc: Phn Tch ng X & Thit K Kt Cu BTCT

5.1.4

Bi ging: Prof. Andrew Whittaker

Bin dch: PhD H Hu Chnh

S phn phi mmen trong bn sn 2-phng

Mc ch ca trnh by di y l minh ha mi quan h gia cong v mmen trong
bn sn. Xut pht t cc phng trnh cn bng lc trong bn, m s c phn tch
cc chng sau, v cho h s Poisson bng 0. Cc mmen theo phng x v y, v mmen
xon, c tnh bi cng thc (5-3) sau:

mx =

Et 3 2 z
(
)
12 x 2

my =

Et 3 2 z
)
(
12 y 2

m xy =

Et 3 2 z
)
(
12 x y

mmen t l tuyn tnh vi cong

(5-3b)

(5-3c)

y trc z l trc thng ng. Mmen xon mxy s c bn lun trong cc chng sau.
Bng cch quan st dng vng (deflected shape) ca sn, s phn phi mmen trong sn
c th c on mt cch nh tnh. Xem xt ln na mt tm sn 2-phng c ngm
c 4 cnh. Cc dng vng ca 3 di sn (slab strip) A, B, v C c trnh by hnh di
(theo MacGregor).

Chng 5: PHN TCH & THIT K H THNG SN BTCT

Cao hc: Xy Dng Dn Dng v Cng Nghip

Mn hc: Phn Tch ng X & Thit K Kt Cu BTCT

Bi ging: Prof. Andrew Whittaker

Bin dch: PhD H Hu Chnh

Xt cc di A v B. vng ln nht trn hai di xy ra trong di B v do cc cong

trong di B c gi tr ln hn so vi cc cong trong di A.

Mmen trong di B do ln hn trong di A

cong ln nht trong di C u ? Gn gt ta ? Vng trung tm di C nh th no ?

chuyn v trn trc z xp x hng s; c ngha l g ?

Chng 5: PHN TCH & THIT K H THNG SN BTCT

Cao hc: Xy Dng Dn Dng v Cng Nghip

Mn hc: Phn Tch ng X & Thit K Kt Cu BTCT

5.2

Bi ging: Prof. Andrew Whittaker

Bin dch: PhD H Hu Chnh

PH TCH H S BTCT

C 2 nhm chnh trong phn tch h sn:

Cc phng php n hi - Elastic methods

o

Phng php thit k trc tip - Direct Design Method (ACI 13.6)

Phng php khung tng ng - Equivalent Frame Method (ACI 13.7)

Phn tch gii hn - Limit analysis

o

Phng php cn trn - Upper bound method (v d Phn tch ng chy do)

Phng php cn di - Lower bound method (v d Phng php di)

Thng tin chi tit v Phng php thit k trc tip (DDM) v Phng php khung tng
ng (EFM) c trnh by trong tiu chuNn ACI v cc ti liu thit k BTCT khc.

DDM v EFM c s dng rng ri trn th gii trong thit k h sn chu ti trng
ng.

Khng trnh by thm trong gio trnh ny (CIE 525).
Trong gio trnh ny, s trnh by v phn tch v thit k h sn BTCT chu ti trng
ng ch tp trung vo hai phng php phn tch gii hn.

5.3

PH TCH G CHY DO CA S PHG

5.3.1

Gii thiu chung

Phn tch ng chy do (Yield-line analysis, YLA) dng l thuyt do cng (rigidplastic) xc nh ti trng ph hoi tng ng vi sc khng mmen do cho trc.

C th p dng cho cu kin bn, dm, khung.

c lp vi chng loi vt liu kt cu: BTCT, thp, VL khc ...

Khng cho bit cc thng tin v vng

Ch hu ch cho phn tch ng x giai on ti hn hay sau khi chy do (postyielding).

Khng cho bit thng tin v p ng i vi ti trng dch v (service-load)

Thng dng nh gi cc cng trnh xy dng

L phng php ng hc c on cn trn (upper bound) ca ti trng ph hoi

An ton hay khng an ton ?

Johansen pht trin l thuyt ng chy do hin i vo cui thp nin 1950 v Nu
thp nin 1960. N hiu thng tin v phng php phn tch ng chy do c th tham
kho chi tit hn trong cc ti liu ca (a) Park and Gamble, v (b) MacGregor.
Gi thit v ng x do cng c th m t nh sau:

Chng 5: PHN TCH & THIT K H THNG SN BTCT

Cao hc: Xy Dng Dn Dng v Cng N ghip

Mn hc: Phn Tch ng X & Thit K Kt Cu BTCT

Bi ging: Prof. Andrew Whittaker

Bin dch: PhD H Hu Chnh

C 3 qui lut c bn xc nh kiu ng chy do trong bn:

1.

ng chy do phi l cc ng thng to thnh cc trc chuyn ng

xoay ca cc phn mnh cng (phng).

2.

Cc cnh gi sn phi lm vic nh cc trc xoay. :u mt cnh gi

sn b ngm, mt ng chy do c hnh thnh dc theo cnh gi .
Trc xoay s i qua u ct sn.

3.

cc bin dng c tng thch, mt ng chy do phi i ngang giao

im ca hai trc xoay ca cc phn mnh k nhau.

Chng 5: PHN TCH & THIT K H THN G SN BTCT

Cao hc: Xy Dng Dn Dng v Cng N ghip

Mn hc: Phn Tch ng X & Thit K Kt Cu BTCT

5.3.2

Bi ging: Prof. Andrew Whittaker

Bin dch: PhD H Hu Chnh

Kiu ng chy do
Cc k hiu qui c cho cc iu kin bin, trc xoay, ng chy do m c s dng
trong gio trnh c m t di y (ch mmen dng cho mt di bn):

Qui lut 3 trn cp n cc ng chy do i ngang giao im ca hai trc xoay

ca cc phn mnh ln cn nh c m t di y:

Chng 5: PHN TCH & THIT K H THN G SN BTCT

Cao hc: Xy Dng Dn Dng v Cng N ghip

Mn hc: Phn Tch ng X & Thit K Kt Cu BTCT

Bi ging: Prof. Andrew Whittaker

Bin dch: PhD H Hu Chnh

Park v Gamble m t mt s kiu ng chy do ca tm sn chu ti trng phn b u

trong cc hnh v bn di :

5.3.3

Cng chng un ca sn trong phn tch ng chy do

i vi mt ng chy do pht trin vung gc vi ct thp sn, mmen khng un ca
mt n v chiu rng sn bng:
m u = A s f y (d

fy
1c
) = A s f y (d 0,59A s ' )
2
fc

(5-4)

vi As l din tch thp chu ko ca mt n v chiu rng sn.

Trong thit k ACI 318, v phi ca phng trnh trn c nhn thm h s tnh
ton cng tin cy (dependable strength). N h c trnh by trc y, c th loi b
nh hng ca thp chu nn trong tnh ton cng chng un, v cc tm BTCT l
gia cng thp (under-reinforced), thp chu nn t lm thay i cng chng un
ti hn ca tit din.
Phng trnh trn l tiu chuNn do cho mt ng chy do vung gc vi ct thp sn.
N h vy trng hp ng chy do nghing gc (khng vung gc) vi trc ct thp
sn th cng chng un hay mmen khng un s nh th no ?

Chng 5: PHN TCH & THIT K H THN G SN BTCT

Cao hc: Xy Dng Dn Dng v Cng N ghip

Mn hc: Phn Tch ng X & Thit K Kt Cu BTCT

Bi ging: Prof. Andrew Whittaker

Bin dch: PhD H Hu Chnh

PH LC
Chng minh:

fy
c
m u = A s f y (d 1 ) = A s f y (d 0,59A s
)
2
bf c'

Trng hp bn:

c
m u = As f y (d 1 ) = As f y (d 0,59A s
2

vi b l n v chiu rng bn (b = 1)

Chng 5: PHN TCH & THIT K H THN G SN BTCT

fy
f c'

Cao hc: Xy Dng Dn Dng v Cng N ghip

Mn hc: Phn Tch ng X & Thit K Kt Cu BTCT

Bi ging: Prof. Andrew Whittaker

Bin dch: PhD H Hu Chnh

Bi tp 1:
Hy thit lp cc kiu ng chy do hp l cho cc tm chu ti phn b u.

Kiu 1

Kiu 2

Kiu 3

Lin kt gi ta
Bi tp 2:
Hy thit lp cc kiu ng chy do hp l cho tm hnh thang chu ti phn b u.

Kiu 1

Kiu 2

Lin kt ngm

Chng 5: PHN TCH & THIT K H THN G SN BTCT

Kiu 3

Cao hc: Xy Dng Dn Dng v Cng N ghip

Mn hc: Phn Tch ng X & Thit K Kt Cu BTCT

Bi ging: Prof. Andrew Whittaker

Bin dch: PhD H Hu Chnh

Bi tp 3:
Hy thit lp cc kiu ng chy do hp l cho tm chu ti phn b u.

Kiu 1

Kiu 2

Kiu 3

Lin kt gi ta
Bi tp 4:
Hy thit lp cc kiu ng chy do hp l cho tm chu ti phn b u.

Kiu 1

Kiu 2

Lin kt ngm

Kiu 3

Lin kt gi ta

Bi tp 5:
Hy thit lp cc kiu ng chy do hp l cho tm chu ti phn b u.

Kiu 1

Kiu 2

Lin kt ngm

Chng 5: PHN TCH & THIT K H THN G SN BTCT

Kiu 3