1

B GIO DC V O TO

TP ON BU CHNH VIN THNG VIT NAM

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

---------------------------------------

TRN VNG NGUYN

P DNG MT S K THUT NN NH CHO

TRUYN D LIU NH NG QUA MNG
M S: 60.48.15
Ngi hng dn khoa hc: PGS.TS Ng Quc To
TM TT LUN VN THC S K THUT

H NI - 2011

M U
Trong thi i pht trin ng dng cng ngh thng tin hin nay,
vic truyn cc hnh nh ng qua mng ngy cng c nhiu ng
dng. Khi chng ta tr truyn vi mt ngi bn qua mng, chng ta
c th nhn thy ngi bn , khi chng ta tham gia mt cuc hp
trc tuyn, chng ta c th nhn thy nhng thnh vin khc ca cuc
hp, cc bc s c th tham gia theo di v ch o mt ca m quan
trng m khng c iu kin c mt trc tip bt chp khong cch
v mt a l. Vi s pht trin ca Internet, ngnh cng nghip
truyn hnh c thm mt phng tin na c th truyn ti ni
dung ti ngi xem. Tt c nhng iu ny u da trn c s truyn
d liu nh ng.
Mt trong nhng yu t quan trng trong truyn cc hnh nh
chuyn ng ng l vn ng truyn. Nguyn do l khi truyn
cc hnh nh ng, chng ta phi truyn lin tc ht khung hnh ny
n khung hnh khc vi tc rt cao m bo hnh nh lin tc.
gii quyt vn ny, gii php n gin v t tn km nht l
thc hin nn hnh nh trc khi truyn.

3
Chng 1
TNG QUAN V CC NH DNG NH PH BIN
1.1NH DNG NH BMP
1.1.1

Gii thiu v lch s pht trin

nh dng tp tin BMP, cn c bit n vi tn gi tp tin nh

Bitmap hoc nh dng tp tin Bitmap c lp vi thit b (DIB), l
mt nh dng tp tin nh ha Raster c dng lu tr cc
hnh nh s, c lp vi thit b hin th.
1.1.2

Cu trc tp tin

1.1.1.1

Cu trc chung

Tp tin nh bitmap bao gm phn tiu l mt cu trc c kch

thc c nh miu t cc c im ca tp tin nh. Cc phin bn
BMP khc nhau c th c phn tiu ny khc nhau.
1.1.1.2

Lu DIB trong b nh

Mt tp tin nh Bitmap khi np vo b nh s tr thnh mt cu

trc d liu DIB - mt thnh phn quan trng ca Windows GDI
API. Cc cu trc d liu DIB trong b nh gn nh ging vi nh
dng tp tin BMP, nhng n khng cha 14 byte Tiu tp tin
bitmap v bt u vi cc Tiu DIB.
1.1.1.3

Tiu tp tin bitmap

Cc byte ny l phn bt u ca tp tin v c s dng xc

nh cc tp tin. Mt ng dng s c phn bt u ny m bo
rng tp tin thc s l mt tp tin BMP v khng b li. Hai byte u
tin ca nh dng tp tin BMP l k t B, sau l k t M
trong bng m 1-byte ASCII.

4
Tiu DIB (Tiu Thng tin bitmap)

1.1.1.4

Cc byte ny bo cho cc ng dng thng tin chi tit v hnh nh

s c s dng hin th trn mn hnh.
1.1.1.5

Bng mu

Bng mu (cn gi l Palette) lu tr trong tp tin nh BMP ngay

sau Tiu tp tin BMP v DIB (v c th sau ba mt n mu R, G,
B

nu

dng

ty

chn

BI_BITFIELDS

trong

BITMAPINFOHEADER). V vy, v tr ca n l kch thc ca

BITMAPFILEHEADER cng vi kch thc ca tiu DIB (cng
thm 12 byte cho ba mt n bit).
S lng cc mc trong bng mu l 2n hoc l mt s nh hn c
quy nh trong phn Tiu . Thng thng, mi mc trong bng
mu cn 4 byte theo th t B, G, R, 0x00.
1.1.1.6

Lu tr Pixel

Cc bit c dng th hin cc Pixel c ng gi thnh cc

hng. Kch thc ca mi hng l mt bi s ca 4 byte. Khi hnh
nh c chiu cao ln hn 1 (Pixel), s c nhiu hng c lu tr
lin tc to thnh mng Pixel.
Tng s byte cn thit lu tr mt mng Pixel trong mt hnh
nh c S Bit mi Pixel (bpp) l n, vi 2n mu, c th c tnh da
trn s lm trn ln kch thc ca mi hng l mt bi s ca 4
byte.
1.1.1.7

Mng Pixel (d liu bitmap)

Mng Pixel l mt khi cc DWORD 32 bit m t cc im nh

trong hnh nh. Thng thng cc pixel c lu tr theo th t qut
t gc di bn tri, i t tri sang phi v t di ln trn. Ban u,
su ca mu l 1, 4, 8, v 24 bpp, tuy nhin hin nay cho php cc
nh ng vi 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, v 32 bpp.

5
Nu mt bitmap 24 bit mu c rng l 1, s cn 3 byte d liu
cho mi hng (R, G, B) v 1 byte m. Nu rng l 2 s c 2 byte
m, nu l 3 s c 3 byte m, v nu l 4 th khng cn byte m.
1.1.1.8

nh dng Pixel

Khi tp tin hnh nh bitmap c lu trn a hoc b nh, cc

im nh c th c nh ngha bng mt s bit (1bit, 2bit, 4bit,
16bit, 24bit, 32bit).
1.1.3

ng dng

S n gin ca nh dng BMP, cng vi s ph bin ca h

iu hnh Windows, cng thm vi vic min ph bn quyn, cng
nh thc t cho thy n rt hiu qu trong vic sao chp cc ti liu,
lm cho n tr nn ph bin v hu ht cc chng trnh x l nh
u c th lm vic vi BMP.
1.2NH DNG NH PNG
1.2.1

Gii thiu v lch s pht trin

Portable Network Graphics (PNG) l mt phng thc m ha

nh dng hnh nh s dng thut ton nn khng mt d liu. PNG
c to ra ci tin v thay th nh dng GIF (Graphics
Interchange Format) v l mt nh dng tp tin hnh nh khng yu
cu bn quyn.
PNG h tr hnh nh da trn bng mu (24 bit RGB hoc 32 bit
RGBA), nh xm (c hoc khng c knh alpha), v nh RGB (c
hoc khng c knh alpha).
1.2.2

Cu trc tp tin

1.2.2.1

Tiu tp tin

Mi tp tin PNG c khi u bng 8 byte k hiu, mang cc

gi tr theo h Hexa l 89 50 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A (h Decimal l
137 80 78 71 13 10 26 10)

6
1.2.2.2

Cc khi trong tp tin

Ngay sau phn tiu tp tin l n mt lot cc khi, mi khi

ny cha mt s thng tin v hnh nh. Mi khi s xc nh l
quan trng hay ph tr, v khi chng trnh x l gp mt khi ph
tr th c th b qua n. Cc khi c lu tr da trn c s lp cu
trc, c thit k cho php nh dng tp tin PNG c th m rng
trong khi vn duy tr kh nng tng thch vi cc phin bn c.
Mt khi bao gm: m t chiu di (4 byte), loi hoc tn khi (4
byte), d liu chnh (mt chui byte), v m kim tra CRC (4 byte).
Phn loi hoc tn khi cha 4 byte tng ng 4 k t ch ci
trong bng m ASCII. Cc ch ci ny s cung cp thng tin v bn
cht ca khi.
1.2.2.3

su ca mu

Hnh nh PNG c th s dng bng mu lp ch mc hoc c

to thnh t mt hoc nhiu knh (s cc gi tr trc tip i din cho
s lng cc im nh). Khi c nhiu hn mt knh trong mt hnh
nh tt c cc knh s c cng mt s bit c phn b cho mi im
nh (c gi l su bit ca knh).
1.2.2.4

trong sut ca hnh nh

PNG cung cp cc la chn trong sut. Vi hnh nh mu thc v

mu xm, gi tr mi im nh c th c xc nh l trong sut
hoc mt knh alpha c th c thm vo (cho php bt k t l
phn trm ca trong sut c s dng).
1.2.3

ng dng

PNG c s dng rng ri trn mng internet do n h tr tnh

trong sut, v n s dng mt thut ton nn khng mt d liu.

7
1.3NH DNG NH JPG
1.3.1

Gii thiu v lch s pht trin

JPEG l mt phng php nn mt d liu thng c s dng

cho nhip nh k thut s. Mc nn c th c iu chnh, cho
php la chn mt s cn bng gia kch thc lu tr v cht lng
hnh nh. Thng thng t l nn 10:01, JPEG c cht lng hnh
nh c th mang li cm nhn gn nh khng khc so vi nh gc.
1.3.2

Cu trc tp tin

1.3.2.1

Phn m rng tn tp tin JPEG

Phn m rng tn tp tin ph bin nht cho cc tp tin s dng

phng php nn JPEG l jpg, jpeg, mc d jpe, jfif v jif cng c
s dng.
1.3.2.2

H s mu

Nhiu tp tin JPEG nhng mt h s mu ICC (khng gian mu).

Cc h s mu thng c s dng bao gm sRGB v Adobe RGB.
1.3.2.3

C php v cu trc

Mt hnh nh JPEG bao gm mt chui cc on, bt u vi mt

k hiu nh du, mi k hiu nh du bt u vi mt byte
0xFF theo sau bi mt byte ch ra loi ca k hiu.
1.3.3

ng dng

Cc thut ton nn JPEG l tt nht trn cc bc nh v cc bc

tranh ca nhng cnh thc t vi cc bin th hnh nh v mu sc
mn. i vi vic s dng web, ni d liu dng hnh nh l quan
trng, JPEG l rt ph bin. JPEG / Exif cng l nh dng ph bin
nht c s dng bi my nh k thut s.

8
1.4KT LUN CHNG
Chng 1 trnh by v cu trc cc nh dng nh ph bin. vic nm
vng cu trc cc nh dng nh cho php la chn cch thc tt
nht lu tr v x l cc nh ty theo tng trng hp.
Chng 2
CC THUT TON NN NH
2.1THUT TON NN D LIU HUFFMAN
2.1.1

Tng quan

M ha Huffman l mt thut ton m ha d liu ngu nhin

c s dng nn khng mt d liu. Thut ng ny cp n
vic s dng mt bng m c chiu di bin i m ha mt d
liu ngun (chng hn nh cc k t trong mt tp tin) m bng m
chiu di thay i c bt ngun mt cch c th da trn c
tnh xc sut xy ra cho mi c th gi tr ca d liu ngun. N
c pht trin bi David A. Huffman trong khi ng l mt nghin
cu sinh ti MIT, v cng b nm 1952 vi tn "Mt phng php
xy dng m ha s d ti thiu ".
2.1.2

M ha d liu

2.1.2.1

nh ngha mt s vn

Cho bit: Mt tp hp d liu v trng s ca chng (thng l t

l xc sut)
Cn tm: M tin t nh phn (mt tp hp cc t m) vi chiu
di t m ti thiu.
u vo: Tp hp k t alphabet vi chiu di n: A = {a1, a2, ,
an}

9
u ra: M C (A, W) = {c1, c2, , cn} l mt tp hp cc t m
(nh phn), trong ci l t m ca ai, 1 i n
2.1.2.2

M ha

K thut ny hot ng bng cch to ra mt cy nh phn ca

cc nt. y c th c lu tr trong mt mng thng thng,
kch thc trong ph thuc vo s lng d liu n. Mt nt c th
l mt nt l hoc nt ni b. Ban u, tt c cc nt l nt l, c
cha cc d liu ring ca mnh l trng s (tn s xut hin) ca d
liu, mt lin kt n mt nt cha m lm cho n d dng c m
(ngc li) bt u t mt nt l . Cc nt ni b c cha trng s d
liu, cc lin kt n hai nt con v lin kt n mt nt cha. Nh
mt quy c chung, bit 0 i din cho nt con tri v bit 1 i
din cho nt con phi. Mt cy hon thin ln n nt l n v nt
ni b n - 1.
2.1.3

Gii m d liu

Ni chung, qu trnh gii m n gin ch l mt vn ca dch

gi tr byte ca dng m tin t, thng l bng cch vt qua cc
nt ca cy Huffman nh l mi bit c c t dng u vo (t
n mt nt l nht thit phi chm dt vic tm kim gi tr byte c
th).
2.2THUT TON NN NH JPEG
2.2.1

Tng quan

Cc phng php nn JPEG thng tn hao, c ngha l mt s

thng tin hnh nh ban u l b mt v khng th phc hi, c th
nh hng n cht lng hnh nh.

10
2.2.2

M ha JPEG

Mc d mt tp tin JPEG c th c m ha trong nhiu cch

khc nhau, ph bin nht c thc hin vi m ha JFIF. Qu trnh
m ha bao gm cc bc:
1. Cc i din ca cc mu sc trong hnh nh c chuyn i
t RGB sang YCbCr, bao gm mt thnh phn luma (Y), i din
cho sng, v hai thnh phn sc (Cb v Cr), i din cho
mu.
2. Gim phn gii ca d liu, thng l mt h s 2. iu ny
phn nh thc t l mt t nhy cm vi cc chi tit mu sc tt
hn cc chi tit sng tt.
3. Hnh nh c chia thnh cc khi im nh 8 8, v vi mi
khi, mi d liu Y, Cb, v Cr tri qua mt bin i cosin ri rc
(DCT).
4. Bin ca cc thnh phn tn s c lng t ha.
5. Cc d liu kt qu cho tt c cc khi 8 8 nn vi mt thut
ton khng mt d liu, mt bin th ca m ha Huffman.
Qu trnh gii m o ngc cc bc ny, ngoi tr lng t bi v
n l khng th o ngc.
2.2.2.1

M ha

Nhiu ty chn trong tiu chun JPEG khng c s dng ph

bin, trong khi nhng th khc quy nh c th cc phng php m
ha. y l mt m t ngn gn ca mt trong cc phng php m
ha ph bin khi p dng cho mt u vo c 24 bit cho mi pixel.
2.2.2.2

Khng gian bin i mu

Th nht, hnh nh c chuyn i t RGB thnh mt khng

gian mu khc nhau gi l YCbCr. N c ba thnh phn Y, Cb v Cr:
Y: thnh phn i din cho sng ca im nh, v cc thnh phn

11
Cb v Cr i din cho mu (chia thnh cc thnh phn mu xanh v
).
2.2.2.3

Ly mu sc

Do c im v nhy cm trong mt ngi i vi mt ca

mu sc v sng, con ngi c th cm nhn tt hn ng k i
vi sng ca mt hnh nh (thnh phn Y) so vi mu sc v
bo ha mu sc ca mt hnh nh (cc thnh phn CbCr).
2.2.2.4

Phn tch khi

Sau khi ly mu, mi knh c chia thnh cc khi 8 8.

2.2.2.5

Bin i Cosin ri rc

Tip theo, mi khi 8 8 ca mi thnh phn (Y, Cb, Cr) chuyn i

sang mt min tn s i din, thng thng l bin i cosin ri rc
(DCT) hai chiu.
2.2.2.6

Lng t ha

Mt ngi c th nhn thy s khc bit v sng trn mt trn mt

tn s thp, nhng khng phn bit chnh xc mc ca s thay i
sng tn s cao. iu ny cho php gim ng k s lng
thng tin trong cc thnh phn tn s cao. iu ny c thc hin
n gin l bng cch chia mi thnh phn trong cc mc tn s vi
mt hng s, v sau lm trn n s nguyn gn nht.
2.2.2.7

M ha Entropy

M ha entropy l mt hnh thc c bit ca nn khng mt d

liu. N lin quan n vic sp xp cc thnh phn hnh nh trong
mt trt t "ngon ngoo" s dng thut ton m ha duyt chiu di
(RLE) tnh ton tn s cc nhm tng t nhau, chn m nh s
chiu di, v sau s dng m ha Huffman vo nhng g cn li.

12

Hnh 2.2: Qu trnh m ha v gii m JPEG tun t

2.2.2.8

T s nn JPEG

T s nn c th c thay i theo nhu cu cht lng trong cc

c lng c s dng trong giai on lng t ha. T s nn 10 :
1 thng cho kt qu hnh nh m khng th c phn bit bng
mt thng so vi bn gc. T s nn 100 : 1 thng c th phn bit
r rng so vi bn gc. Mc thch hp ca t s nn ph thuc vo
vic s dng hnh nh.
2.2.3

Gii m JPEG

2.2.3.1

Cc bc gii m

Gii m hin th hnh nh bao gm tt c cc m ha theo

chiu ngc li.
2.2.3.2

Yu cu v chnh xc

Qu trnh m ha trong chun JPEG khng gip khc phc c

chnh xc cn thit cho vic nn hnh nh u ra. Tuy nhin,
chun JPEG li bao gm mt s yu cu nhm tng tnh chnh xc
cho vic gii m, u ra t cc thut ton khng c vt qu:

Ti a l 1 bit khc bit cho mi Pixel

Cht lng thp c ngha li mt vung trn mi khi 8

8 Pixel

13

Cht lng rt thp c ngha l li trn mi khi 8 x 8 Pixel

Cht lng rt thp c ngha l li vung trn ton b hnh

nh

2.2.4

Cht lng qu thp c ngha l li trn ton b hnh nh

Hiu ng hnh nh thu c khi nn JPEG

T l nn cao nh hng nghim trng n cht lng ca hnh

nh, mc d mu sc v hnh thc tng th hnh nh vn cn nhn ra.
2.3THUT TON NN NH FRACTAL
2.3.1

Tng quan

L thuyt hnh hc Fractal l mt ngnh ton hc hin i cn rt

non tr. Bi ton trung tm ca l thuyt l m t cc i tng t
nhin mt cch hiu qu da vo cc cng c ton hc. L thuyt
ny do B.Mandelbrot a ra thng qua tc phm Hnh hc Fractal
trong t nhin.
2.3.2

Thut ton nn gii nn

2.3.2.1

Thut ton nn nh Fractal

Qu trnh bt u bng vic phn hoch nh cn nn thnh cc

khi khng lp ln nhau gi l cc khi range, sau xc nh mt
tp cc khi domain.
Vi mi khi range cn phi chn c khi domain thch hp sao
cho khi p dng mt php nh x affirne co 3 chiu (v v tr v
xm), nh thu c c th i snh tt vi khi range ang xt.
2.3.2.2

Thut ton gii nn Fractal

Xut pht t d liu nn cha trong file nh Fractal, chng ta xy

dng li h hm lp tng ng vi nh khi ng bt k v sau p
dng lin tip hm lp ny vo cc nh thu c sau mi ln lp cho
n khi thu c nh xp x tt nht vi nh ban u.

14
2.3.3

Cc cch phn hoch nh

2.3.3.1

Phn hoch quadtree

2.3.3.2

Phn hoch HV

2.3.3.3

Phn hoch tam gic

2.3.4

Phn loi

Bc so snh domain-range ca nn nh Fractal c cng tnh

ton rt ln. c th gim thi gian nn nh, chng ta to sn cc
domain v a chng vo mt th vin domain gi l domain pool.
Trc khi m ha, tt c cc domain trong th vin domain c
phn loi. iu ny trnh s phn loi li ca cc domain.
2.3.5

Kt lun

Da vo l thuyt v cc kim nhim thc t, phng php nn

nh ny cho thy:

T s nn cao: im ni bt nht m thut ton nn v gii

nn bng k thut Fractal cung cp c l t s nn cc cao vi

cht lng nh nn khng thay i.

Tc gii nn nh nhanh: Thut ton c trnh by l mt

thut ton khng i xng v cc tnh ton trong vic nn nh i

hi mt lng thi gian ln hn rt nhiu ln so vi thi gian gii
nn.

Tnh c lp v phn gii gia nh nn v nh gc: Thut

ton nn nh v gii nn bng k thut Fractal v thc cht

cung cp mt b to sinh v li nh gc da trn mt s cc
nh thng tin cn thit ban u.
2.4THUT TON NN NH CHUYN NG
2.4.1

Tng quan

Vi cc hnh nh lin tc trong t nhin, ta thy gia cc nh lin

tc nhau sai khc l rt nh. iu gi cho ta mt tng l

15
trong nhng trng hp phi truyn cc hnh nh lin tc, thay v ta
phi truyn y cc hnh nh ny, ta ch cn truyn nhng s khc
nhau gia chng.
2.4.2

Pht hin sai lch gia hai nh lin tip bng php ton

tr
iu quan trng nht l ta phi lm sao pht hin ra s thay
i gia cc hnh nh lin tc v truyn chng, ng thi sau khi
nhn c nhng d liu miu t s thay i ny lm sao c th
khi phc thnh hnh nh ban u.
Ta c hai cch tip cn bi ton ny.

Khi ta thc hin php tr im nh gia hai nh lin tip,

nu gia hai nh c s khc bit ln hn mt ngng quy nh,

th ta mi truyn hnh nh i. Nhc im ca cch tip cn ny l
cc hnh nh truyn i khng lin tc, do nhng nh m c s sai
khc khng ln s khng c truyn i, v trong mt s trng
hp c bit c th gy ra s thiu ht d liu.

Ta s truyn i ton b cc nh lin tc, d cho mc khc

bit ca chng l th no. Tuy nhin, thay v truyn i ton b d

liu hnh nh, ta ch truyn i d liu ca nhng im nh c s thay
i. Tuy nhin, do php tr s hc c th mang li kt qu l s m,
trong khi gi tr mu sc cc im nh thng c lu tr trong
cc byte v gi tr s hc ca chng l lun dng. Do , s dng
php tr s hc c th gy ra nhng rc ri khi x l d liu. iu
ny dn n vic ta cn tm mt php ton khc thay th.
2.4.3

Pht hin sai lch gia hai nh lin tip bng php ton

XOR
Ta nhn thy d liu lu thng tin cc im nh l cc byte nh
phn, v trong cc php ton nh phn c bn, php ton XOR cho

16
php ta nhn c kt qu l 0 khi 2 gi tr u vo l ging nhau, v
l 1 khi 2 gi tr u vo l khc nhau. Nh vy ngha l php ton
XOR cho php ta pht hin c s khc nhau gia cc gi tr im
nh cng ta (x, y) ti cc hnh nh lin tip nhau.
Ta chng minh c rng A XOR B XOR A = B
2.4.4

Thc hin thut ton

Nh vy ta nhn thy ma trn im nh B XOR A s phn t c

gi tr bng 0 l rt ln (do c nhiu im ging nhau). iu ny
gip ta c th nn khi d liu ny vi thut ton Huffman v cho
mt kt qu v cng thun li.
Tuy nhin v d liu thc t l mt mng byte, v vy, thay v
thc hin php ton XOR vi mt ma trn, ta s thc hin php ton
ny vi mt chui nh phn.
2.4.5

X l hnh nh lin tip c thay i khng ng k

Nh ta bit, gia 2 hnh nh lin tip nhau c s thay i

khng ng k. Tuy nhin ngay c vi cc im nh c s thay i,
ta cng c th thit lp mt mc gii hn sai s m nu nhng thay
i nm trong gii hn th ta coi nh khng c thay i.
Trong bi ton ny, ta c hai hng pht trin nh sau.

Th nht, l ta c th tnh tng gi tr cc sai lch ca cc

im nh, v nu chng nh hn mt ngng cho php no , th ta

coi nh khng c s sai lch no c, v b qua nh .

Hng th hai l thay v b qua c mt hnh nh, ta s b

qua nhng im nh c s sai bit nh hn mt ngng cho php

no .
2.5KT LUN CHNG
Chng 2 trnh by thut ton nn khng mt d liu Huffman v
cc thut ton nn nh JPEG, Fractal, nn nh chuyn ng. T cc

17
kin thc ny gip ta la chn v phi hp cc phng php nn
khc nhau sao cho m bo d liu cn truyn l nh nht.
Chng 3
XY DNG NG DNG TRUYN NH QUA MNG S
DNG THUT TON NN NH CHUYN NG
3.1TNG QUAN
ng dng truyn hnh nh qua mng c s dng thut ton nn
nh chuyn ng c chia thnh 2 ng dng nh nh sau:
ng dng 1: c nhim v thu cc hnh nh t camera, chuyn i
hnh nh thnh mng byte, thc hin x l vi cc mng byte ny v
truyn sang ng dng s 2.
ng dng 2: c nhim v nhn cc mng byte t ng dng 1,
thc hin gii m cc d liu thu c, v hin th trn mn hnh.
3.2XY DNG NG DNG
3.2.1

Thu hnh nh v gi d liu

i vi ng dng thu hnh nh v gi d liu, ta cn quan tm

n cc vn sau:
Thu hnh nh t camera: iu ny c thc hin bng cch x
dng b th vin Direct X. C mi khong thi gian nht nh, ng
dng s thu mt hnh t camera.
X l hnh nh: iu ny c thc hin bng cch c chui
byte ni dung ca hnh nh.
Tnh ton chui byte thu c: i vi mi chui byte thu c,
ta s so snh n bng php ton XOR vi chui byte trc . Trong
vic thc hin php ton XOR, ta c th a vo cc gi tr sai s
ti a cho php t c hiu qu nn tt hn.

18
Truyn chui byte x l: S dng TcpIP.
3.2.2

Nhn d liu v pht hnh nh

i vi ng dng Nhn d liu v pht hnh nh ta cn quan tm

n cc vn sau:
Nhn d liu: L vic nhn mng byte c truyn t ng dng
Thu hnh nh.
X l chui byte thu c: Sau khi thu c chui byte, ng
dng Nhn d liu cn gii nn chui byte, tip theo s dng php
ton XOR vi chui d liu thu c ln trc , v s c c
chui byte l ni dung hnh nh cn hin th.
Hin th hnh nh: Chuyn chui byte thu c thnh i tng
dng Image v hin th.
3.3THNG K KT QU CA QU TRNH X L D LIU
3.3.1

Cc hnh nh lin tc thu c

Ta c th nhn thy gia 2 nh lin tip nhau khng c s khc

bit ng k.
3.3.2

Cc hnh nh tng ng gia pha Gi d liu v nhn

d liu
Ta c th thy, khi gii hn sai lch cho php ln ti 3 bit, th cht
lng xung r rt, v khi mc sai lch cho php mc 1 bit th
gn nh khng c s thay i gia hnh nh ng dng Gi v ng
dng Nhn d liu.
3.3.3

Thng k qu trnh truyn d liu

Khi thu hnh trong iu kin tri sng vi nh sng Mt tri, ta

thy kt qu l gia cc nh lin tip c t l trng lp cao hn. iu
ny c th l gii l do nh sng Mt tri c n nh cao hn nh
sng n neon, iu gip cc nh lin tip c tng ng cao
hn.

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Khi gii hn sai lch cho php cng ln, cht lng hnh nh thu
c cng km (nh ni mc trn), tuy nhin, t l trng lp d
liu gia cc im nh tng ng 2 hnh nh lin tip nhau cng
ln, v gip cho vic nn d liu thc hin tt hn.
3.4KT LUN CHNG
Chng 3 m t cch thc ci t thut ton nn nh chuyn ng
cng nh cc con s thng k kt qu thc hin bi ton.
Da vo cc kt qu thu c gia vic nn nh bng phng
php nn nh chuyn ng v nn nh bng thut ton JPEG, ta nhn
thy phng php nn nh bng thut ton JPEG cho kt qu tt hn.
Tuy nhin khi nn mt nh bng thut ton JPEG s khin nh b mt
mt d liu v lm gim cht lng nh, iu ny s khng ph hp
vi cc nh cn gi nguyn cht lng. Trong khi thut ton nn
nh chuyn ng m bo gi nguyn cht lng hnh nh, v c th
phi hp vi cc thut ton nn khng mt d liu khc nng cao
hiu sut nn.

20
KT LUN
Truyn hnh nh v hnh nh chuyn ng qua mng l bi ton
v ang thu ht c s quan tm ca nhiu nh pht trin phn
mm. Trong khun kh ca lun vn, hc vin nghin cu mt s
nh dng nh ph bin, mt s phng php nn nh ph bin, cng
nh phng php nn nh khi truyn qua mng da trn pht hin s
khc bit gia cc hnh nh lin tip. Cc ni dung nghin cu chnh
bao gm:
-

Cc nh dng nh ph bin: Nhm nm c cu trc ca

cc nh dng nh c bn.
-

Cc phng php nn nh ph bin: Nhm nm c cc

phng php m ha nh c bn.

-

Phng php nn nh khi truyn qua mng da trn vic tnh

ton cc sai lch gia cc hnh nh lin tip: Nhm gim ti a dung
lng d liu cn truyn.
Vi cc kt qu ny lun vn hi vng c th cung cp thm mt
cch thc khi cn truyn cc hnh nh lin tip vi thut ton n
gin v ci t chng trnh hp l.