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efu!(
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/fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo cfof]u =================================================================
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cg';"rL#
g]kfnsf] lgzfg 5fk ============================================================================================
cg';"rL$
;+3sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL =========================================================================================
cg';"rL%
k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL =======================================================================================
cg';"rL^
;+3 / k|b]zsf]] ;femf clwsf/sf] ;"rL =====================================================================
cg';"rL&
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k|:tfjgf
xfdL ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg g]kfnL hgtf
g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}ldstf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6o Pstf, :jfwLgtf / :jfledfgnfO{ cIf'00f
/fvL hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/, :jfoQtf / :jzf;gsf] clwsf/nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{
/fi6lxt, nf]stGq / cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf nflu g]kfnL hgtfn] k6sk6s ub{} cfPsf P]ltxfl;s
hgcfGbf]ng, ;z:q ;+3if{, Tofu / alnbfgsf] uf}/jk"0f{ Oltxf;nfO{ :d/0f Pj+ zxLbx? tyf a]kQf /
kLl8t gful/sx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{,
;fdGtL, lg/+s'z, s]Gb|Ls[t, PsfTds / /fHo Joj:yfn] ;[hgf u/]sf ;a} k|sf/sf lje]b / pTkL8gsf]
cGTo ub}{
ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts tyf ef}uf]lns ljljwtfo'Qm ljz]iftfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/L
ljljwtf aLrsf] Pstf, ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts P]Soa4tf, ;lxi0f'tf / ;b\efjnfO{ ;+/If0f Pj+ k|jw{g ug]{,
juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, eflifs, wfld{s, n}ls / ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] cGTo u/L cfly{s
;dfgtf, ;d[l4 / ;fdflhs Gofo ;'lglZrt ug{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns l;2fGtsf]
cfwf/df ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ ;+sNk ub}{
hgtfsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnL, gful/s :jtGqtf, df}lns clwsf/, dfgj
clwsf/, aflnu dtflwsf/, cfjlws lgjf{rg, k|]; :jtGqtf, :jtGq, lgikIf / ;Ifd Gofokflnsf tyf
sfg'gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ff nufotsf nf]stflGqs d"No / dfGotfnfO{ cjnDag u/L ;dfhjfbsf] cfwf/
lgdf{0f ug{ k|lta4 /xFb}
;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds zf;g Joj:yfsf]
u dfWodf/f lbuf] zflGt, ;'zf;g, ljsf; / ;d[l4sf]
cfsf+Iff k"/f ug{ ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t of] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5f}+ .

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;+ljwfg d"n sfg'g M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg g]kfnsf] d"n sfg'g xf] . o; ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemg] sfg'g
aflemPsf] xb;Dd cdfGo x'g]5 .
-@_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] kfngf ug'{ k|To]s JolQmsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf M g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf g]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt
/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] k|of]u o; ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
/fi6 M ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts ljz]iftfo'Qm, ef}uf]lns ljljwtfdf /x]sf
;dfg cfsf+Iff / g]kfnsf] /fli6o :jtGqtf, cv08tf, /fli6o lxt tyf ;d[l4k|lt cf:yfjfg\
/xL Pstfsf] ;"qdf cfa4 ;a} g]kfnL hgtf ;dli6df /fi6 xf] .
g]kfn /fHo M -!_ g]kfn :jtGq, cljefHo, ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg, wd{lg/k]If, ;dfj]zL
nf]stGqfTds, ;dfhjfb pGd'v, u0ftGqfTds, ax'hftLo /fHo xf], h;nfO{ ;+If]kdf g]kfn
elgg]5 .
-@_ g]kfnsf] If]q b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
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of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avtsf] If]q, /
1

%=

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-v_
of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 k|fKt x'g] If]q .
/fli6o lxt M -!_ ;fj{ef}d;Qf, /fli6o cv08tf, :jfwLgtf, :jtGqtf, Pstf, g]kfnLsf] xs Pj+
:jfledfgsf] /Iff, ;Ldfgfsf] ;'/Iff, cfly{s ;d'Gglt / ;d[l4 g]kfnsf] /fli6o lxtsf cfwf/e"t
ljifox x'g]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6 lxt k|lts"nsf] cfr/0f / sfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 .
/fi6efiff M g]kfndf af]lng] ;a} dft[efiffx? /fi6efiff x'g\ .
;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff M -!_ b]jgfu/L lnlkdf n]lvg] g]kfnL efiff g]kfnsf] ;/sf/L
sfdsfhsf] efiff x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfnL efiffsf] cltl/Qm k|b]zn] cfkm\gf] k|b]zleq ax';+Vos hgtfn] af]Ng] Ps jf
PseGbf a9L cGo /fi6efiffnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd k|b]zsf] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff lgwf{/0f ug{
;Sg]5 .
/fli6o em08f M -!_ l;ld|s /+usf] e'OF / uf9f gLnf] /+usf] lsgf/f ePsf] b'O{ lqsf]0f clnslt
hf]l/Psf], dflyNnf] efudf v'k]{ rGb|sf] aLrdf ;f]x|df cf7 sf]0f b]lvg] ;]tf] cfsf/ / tNnf]
efudf afx| sf]0fo'Qm ;"o{sf] ;]tf] cfsf/ c+lst ePsf] em08f g]kfnsf] /fli6o em08f xf] .
-@_ g]kfnsf] /fli6o em08f agfpg] t/Lsf / tT;DaGwL cGo ljj/0f cg';"rL! df
pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
/fli6o ufg OToflb M -!_ g]kfnsf] /fli6o ufg cg';"rL@ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfnsf] lgzfg 5fk cg';"rL# df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ g]kfnsf] /fli6o k"mn nfnLu'/fF;, /fli6o / l;ld|s, /fli6o hgfj/ ufO{ / /fli6o
kIfL 8fFkm] x'g]5 .

!)=

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efu@
gful/stf
gful/stfaf6 jl~rt gul/g] M -!_ s'g} klg g]kfnL gful/snfO{ gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ xsaf6
jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ g]kfndf k|fb]lzs klxrfg ;lxtsf] Psn ;+3Lo gful/stfsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg{] M g]kfndf :yfoL a;f]af; ePsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] JolQm o; ;+ljwfg
adf]lhd g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg]{5 M
-s_
of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g' eGbf cl3 g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] JolQm,
-v_
of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ JolQm,
-u_
wf/f !@ adf]lhd g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt ug{ of]Uo JolQm .
j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/stf M -!_ g]kfndf :yfoL a;f]af; ePsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] JolQmnfO{
j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|bfg ul/g]5 M
-s_
s'g} JolQmsf] hGd x'Fbfsf avt lghsf] cfdf / afa' g]kfnL gful/s /x]5 eg]
To:tf] JolQm,
-v_
s'g} JolQmsf] g]kfndf hGd x'Fbfsf avt lghsf] cfdf jf afa' dWo] Ps
g]kfnL gful/s /x]sf]df gful/stf k|fKt ubf{sf avt lghsf cfdf / afa' b'a}
g]kfnL gful/s /x]5g\ eg] To:tf] JolQm .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg]{ JolQm / of] ;+ljwfg
k|f/De x'g'eGbf cl3 hGdsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf gful/ssf ;Gtfgn] lgh
aflnu ePkl5 cfdf jf afa'sf] gfdaf6 j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt ug]{5 .
-#_ cfdf afa'sf] 7]ufg gePsf] g]kfnleq k]mnf k/]sf]] k|To]s gfaflnu lghsf] cfdf jf
afa' kQf gnfu];Dd j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/s dflgg]5 .
-$_ g]kfnL gful/s cfdfaf6 g]kfndf hGd eO{ g]kfndf g} a;f]af; u/]sf] / afa'sf]
klxrfg gePsf] JolQmnfO{ j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/stf k|bfg ul/g]5 .
t/ afa' ljb]zL gful/s ePsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf To:tf] JolQmsf] gful/stf sfg'g
adf]lhd cLs[t gful/stfdf kl/0ft x'g]5 .
cLs[t gful/stf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 g]kfnL gful/s;Fu ljjfx
ug]{ ljb]zL k'?ifn] j}jflxs cLs[t gful/stf lng rfx]df g]kfndf kGw| jif{ :yfoL a;f]af;
u/L ljb]zsf] gful/stf kl/Tofu ug]{ sf/afxL rnfPdf sfg'g adf]lhd g]kfnsf] cLs[t
gful/stf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ g]kfnL gful/s;Fu ljjfx ug]{ ljb]zL dlxnfn] g]kfnsf] gful/stf lng rfx]df
lghn] ljb]zsf] gful/stf kl/Tofu ug]{ sf/afxL rnfPkl5 sfg'g adf]lhd g]kfnsf] cLs[t
gful/stf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!$=
!%=
!^=

!&=
!*=

-#_ ljb]zL gful/s;Fu ljjfx ePsf] g]kfnL gful/saf6 g]kfndf hGd eO{ g]kfndf g}
:yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf] / ljb]zL d'n'ssf] gful/stf k|fKt gu/]sf] :jo+ 3f]if0ff ug]{ JolQmn]
sfg'g adf]lhd g]kfnsf] cLs[t gful/stf k|fKt ug{]5 .
-$_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 g]kfnsf] cfly{s jf ;fdflhs pGgltdf ljz]if of]ubfg
k'ofPsf] ljb]zLnfO{ cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm b]xfosf zt{ / cj:yf k"/f u/]sf] cfwf/df k|rlnt
sfg'g adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf] cLs[t gful/stf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
g]kfnsf] s'g} /fi6efiff af]Ng / n]Vg hfg]sf],
-v_
g]kfndf s'g} Joj;fo u/L a;]sf],
-u_
cGo d'n'ssf] gful/stf Tofu]sf],
-3_
sDtLdf kGw| jif{;Dd g]kfndf sfg'gL ?kdf a;f]af; u/]sf],
-_
g]kfnL gful/snfO{ cLs[t gful/stf lbg] sfg'gL Joj:yf jf k|rng ePsf]
d'n'ssf] gful/s ePsf], /
-r_
c;n rfnrng ePsf] .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k|bfg ul/Psf] cLs[t gful/stf ;DaGwL ljj/0f ;+3Lo
;+;b ;dIf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 .
If]q ufle+bfsf] gful/stf M g]kfnleq ufleg] u/L s'g} If]q k|fKt ePdf ;f] If]qleq a;f]af;
ePsf] JolQm sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] gful/s x'g]5 .
j+zLo cfwf/ tyf n}ls klxrfg ;lxtsf] gful/stf M k|To]s gful/snfO{ lghsf] cfdf jf
afa'sf] j+zsf] cfwf/df n}ls klxrfg ;lxtsf] g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq k|bfg ul/g]5 .
gful/stfsf] k'gM k|flKt M g]kfnL gful/stf Tofu u/L ljb]zL d'n'ssf] gful/stf lnPsf] JolQmn]
k'gM g]kfndf cfO{ kfFr jif{ a;f]af; u/L ljb]zL d'n'ssf] gful/stf Tofu u/]df klxn] h'g
lsl;dsf] g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] lghnfO{ ;f]xL lsl;dsf] gful/stf k|bfg ug{
;lsg]5 .
t/ of] Joj:yf wf/f !# sf] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k|bfg ul/Psf] cLs[t gful/ssf]
xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
;Ddfgfy{ gful/stf M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfnk|lt ;b\efj /fVg] cGt/f{li6o Vofltk|fKt JolQmnfO{
g]kfnsf] ;Ddfgfy{ gful/stf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
gful/stf ;dfKt x'g] M -!_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf s'g} klg JolQmsf] g]kfnL gful/stf ;dfKt
x'g]5 M
-s_
:j]R5fn] g]kfnsf] gful/stf kl/Tofu u/]df,
-v_
cGo d'n'ssf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]df,
-u_
o; efudf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s s'g} u}/g]kfnLn] g]kfnsf] gful/stf
lnPsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf .
-@_ g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt ug{ of]Uotf k'u]sf] s'g} JolQm cGo d'n'ssf] klg gful/stf
k|fKt ug{ of]Uo /x]5 eg] To:tf] JolQmn] gful/stf k|df0fkq lng of]Uotf k'u]sf] b'O{ jif{leq tyf

!(=

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gfaflnusf] xsdf aflnu ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{leq g]kfnsf] gful/stf g/f]h]df To:tf] JolQm
g]kfnsf] gful/s sfod /xg] 5}g .
u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL gful/stf k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] M ljb]zL d'n'ssf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] blIf0f
PlzofnL If]qLo ;xof]u ;+u7g -;fs{_ If]qeGbf aflx/sf b]zdf a;f]af; u/]sf] g]kfnL d"nsf]
JolQmnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ kfpg] u/L
u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL gful/stf k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
g]kfnsf] gful/stf ;DaGwL cGo Joj:Yff M -!_ em"6f] ljj/0f jf aofg lbO{ jf PseGbf a9L
gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq lng] lbg] jf ;f]sf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug{] sfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo
x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s g]kfnL gful/ssf] kl/ro v'Ng] u/L clen]v /fVg] tyf g]kfnsf] gful/stf
;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

@!=
@@=

efu#
df}lns xs / st{Jo
;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs M -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ s;}nfO{ klg d[To'b08sf] ;hfo lbg] u/L sfg'g agfOg] 5}g .
:jtGqtfsf] xs M -!_ sfg'g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ j}olQms :jtGqtfaf6 jl~rt
ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ b]xfosf] :jtGqtf x'g]5 M
-s_
ljrf/ / cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf,
-v_
ljgf xftxltof/ zflGtk"j{s e]nf x'g] :jtGqtf,
-u_
/fhgLlts bn vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,
-3_
;+3 / ;+:yf vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,
-_
g]kfnsf] s'g} klg efudf cfjthfjt / a;f]af; ug]{ :jtGqtf,
-r_
s'g} k]zf, /f]huf/, pBf]u, Jofkf/ / Joj;fo ug]{ :jtGqtf .
t/,
-!_ v08 -s_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf
/ cv08tfdf jf ;+3Lo OsfO jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{,
;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{], hftLo e]befj jf
5'jf5"tnfO{ b'?T;fxg ug]{, >dk|lt cjx]ngf ug]{, ufnL a]OHhtL,
cbfntsf] cjx]ngf x'g], ck/fw ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs
lzi6frf/ jf g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw
nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ v08 -v_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf
/ cv08tf, ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;';DaGw jf ;fj{hlgs zflGt /
Joj:yfdf vnn kg]{ sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g
agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ v08 -u_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf /
cv08tfdf vnn kg]{, /fi6sf] lj?4 hf;";L ug]{, /fli6o uf]kgLotf
e ug]{ jf g]kfnsf] ;'/Iffdf cfFr k'ofpg] u/L s'g} ljb]zL /fHo,
;+u7g jf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ jf /fHob|f]x ug]{ jf ;+3Lo
OsfOaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf hftLo jf ;fDk|bflos lj]if
km}nfpg] jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ / ;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf
vnn kg]{ jf s]jn hflt, efiff, wd{, ;Dk|bfo jf lnsf] cfwf/df
s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{] jf aGb]h nufpg] jf
gful/sxaLr lje]b ug]{ u/L /fhgLlts bn u7g ug{], lx+;fTds
sfo{ ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g]

@#=

sfo{{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf]

dflgg] 5}g .
-$_ v08 -3_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf /
cv08tfdf vnn kg]{, /fi6sf] lj?4 hf;";L ug]{, /fli6o uf]kgLotf
e ug]{ jf g]kfnsf] ;'/Iffdf cfFr k'ofpg] u/L s'g} ljb]zL /fHo,
;+u7g jf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{, /fHob|f]x ug]{ jf ;+3Lo
OsfOaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf hftLo jf ;fDk|bflos lj]if
km}nfpg] jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ / ;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf
vnn kg]{ jf lx+;fTds sfo{ ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs
g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpFg] u/L P]g
agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-%_ v08 -_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] lxtdf vnn kg]{ jf
;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf ljleGg hft, hflt,
wd{ jf ;Dk|bfoxsf aLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf lx+;fTds
sfo{ jf ck/fw ug]{ tyf ;f] sf] b'?T;fxg ug]{ sfo{df dgfl;a
k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-^_ v08 -r_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn
k'ofpg] sfo{ jf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo, lzi6frf/
jf g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df /f]s nufpg] jf s'g} vf; pBf]u,
Jofkf/ jf ;]jf /fHon] dfq ;~rfng ug{ kfpg] jf s'g} pBf]u,
Jofkf/, k]zf, /f]huf/ jf Joj;fo ug{sf nflu s'g} zt{ jf of]Uotf
tf]Sg]] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
;dfgtfsf] xs M -!_ ;a} gful/s sfg'gsf] b[li6df ;dfg x'g]5g\ . s;}nfO{ klg sfg'gsf] ;dfg
;+/If0f / nfeaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ ;fdfGo sfg'gsf] k|of]udf wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, ln, of}lgs cled'vLs/0f,
zf/Ll/s cj:yf, ckftf, :jf:Yo l:ylt, j}jflxs l:ylt, uef{j:yf, cfly{s cj:yf, pTklQ,
efiff jf If]q, j}rfl/s cf:yf jf o:t} cGo s'g} cfwf/df e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ /fHon] gful/sxsf aLr wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, ln, of}lgs cled'vLs/0f,
zf/Ll/s cj:yf, ckftf, :jf:Yo l:ylt, j}jflxs l:ylt, uef{j:yf, cfly{s cj:yf, pTklQ,
efiff jf If]q, j}rfl/s cf:yf jf o:t} cGo s'g} cfwf/df e]befj ug]{ 5}g .
t/ cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg, ;fdflhs jf ;f+:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8Psf dlxnf, blnt,
cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghflt, v; cfo{, dw]zL, yf?, ls;fg, dhb"/, pTkLl8t ju{, d'l:nd,
lk58f ju{, cNk;+Vos, ;LdfGtLs[t, nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfo, o'jf, afnaflnsf, Ho]i7 gful/s, n}ls
tyf of}lgs cNk;+Vos, ckftf ePsf JolQm, czQm jf c;xfo / lk5l8Psf] If]qsf]
gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, ;zQmLs/0f jf ljsf;sf] nflu sfg'g adf]lhd ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ /f]s
nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

@$=

@%=

:ki6Ls/0f M o; efu / efu $ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg eGgfn] ul/aLsf]
/]vfeGbf d'lg /x]sf gful/s ;Demg' k5{ .
-$_ ;dfg sfdsf nflu n}ls cfwf/df kfl/>lds tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf s'g}
e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
-%_ k}t[s ;DklQdf n}ls e]befj ljgf ;a} ;Gtfgsf] ;dfg xs x'g]5 .
cfd ;~rf/sf] xs M -!_ ljB'tLo k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkf nufotsf h'g;'s} dfWodaf6 s'g}
;dfrf/, ;DkfbsLo, n]v, /rgf jf cGo s'g} kf7\o, >Jo, >Job[Zo ;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg tyf
k|;f/0f ug{ jf ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ jf 5fKg k"j{ k|ltaGw nufOg] 5}g .
t/ g]kfnsf] /fli6otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf
vnn kg]{ jf ljleGg hft, hflt jf ;Dk|bfo aLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{, /fHob|f]x, em"6f]
;fdu|L k|sfzg jf k|;f/0ff/f JolQmsf] ;fdflhs dof{bfdf cfFr k'ofpg] jf cbfntsf]
cjx]ngf x'g] jf ck/fw ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/, g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n sfo{
ug{,] >dk|lt cjx]ngf ug{] / hftLo 5'jf5"t Pj+ n}ls e]befjnfO{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ sfo{df
dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L sfg'g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} >Jo, >Job[Zo jf ljB'tLo pks/0fsf] dfWod jf 5fkfvfgfaf6 s'g} ;dfrf/,
n]v, ;DkfbsLo, /rgf, ;"rgf jf cGo s'g} ;fdu|L d'b|0f jf k|sfzg, k|;f/0f u/] jf 5fk] afkt
To:tf] ;fdu|L k|sfzg, k|;f/0f ug]{ jf 5fKg] /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, cgnfOg jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf]
l8lh6n jf ljB'tLo pks/0f, 5fkf jf cGo ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ aGb, hkmt jf btf{ vf/]h jf
To:tf] ;fdu|L hkmt ul/g] 5}g .
t/ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, cgnfOg jf cGo s'g}
lsl;dsf] l8lh6n jf ljB'tLo pks/0f, 5fkfvfgf jf cGo ;~rf/ dfWodsf] lgodg ug{ sfg'g
agfpg aGb]h nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ sfg'g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} 5fkf, ljB'tLo k|;f/0f tyf 6]lnkmf]g nufotsf ;~rf/
;fwgnfO{ cj?4 ul/g] 5}g .
Gofo ;DaGwL xs M -!_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf glbO{ y'gfdf
/flvg] 5}g .
-@_ kqmfpdf k/]sf JolQmnfO{ kqmfp k/]sf] ;dob]lv g} cfk"mn] /f]h]sf] sfg'g
Joj;foL;Fu ;Nnfx lng kfpg] tyf sfg'g Joj;foLf/f k'k{If ug{] xs x'g]5 . To:tf] JolQmn]
cfkm\gf] sfg'g Joj;foL;Fu u/]sf] k/fdz{ / lghn] lbPsf] ;Nnfx uf]Ko /xg]5 .
t/ lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] JolQm / zq' b]zsf] gful/ssf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu"
x'g] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu sfg'g Joj;foL eGgfn] s'g} cbfntdf
s'g} JolQmsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ sfg'gn] clwsf/ lbPsf] JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-#_ kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] ;do tyf :yfgaf6 af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s
rf}aL; 306fleq d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg{]5 / To:tf] clwsf/Laf6 cfb]z
ePdf afx]s kqmfp ePsf JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .
8

@^=

@&=

@*=

@(=

t/ lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] JolQm / zq' b]zsf] gful/ssf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu"
x'g] 5}g .
-$_ tTsfn k|rlnt sfg'gn] ;hfo gx'g] s'g} sfd u/] afkt s'g} JolQm ;hfoefuL
x'g] 5}g / s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ s;"/ ubf{sf] cj:yfdf sfg'gdf tf]lsPeGbf a9L ;hfo lbOg]
5}g .
-%_ s'g} cleof]u nufOPsf] JolQmnfO{ lghn] u/]sf] s;"/ k|dfl0ft geP;Dd s;"/bf/
dflgg] 5}g .
-^_ s'g} klg JolQm lj?4 cbfntdf Ps} s;"/df Ps k6seGbf a9L d'2f rnfOg] /
;hfo lbOg] 5}g .
-&_ s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf] lj?4 ;fIfL x'g afWo kfl/g] 5}g .
-*_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgh lj?4 ul/Psf] sf/afxLsf] hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-(_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgikIf, :jtGq / ;Ifd cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfoaf6 :jR5
;'g'jfOsf] xs x'g]5 .
-!)_ c;dy{ kIfnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd lgMz'Ns sfg'gL ;xfotf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
ck/fw kLl8tsf] xs M -!_ ck/fw kLl8tnfO{ cfkm" kLl8t ePsf] d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg tyf
sf/afxL ;DaGwL hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ ck/fw kLl8tnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd ;fdflhs k'g:yf{kgf / Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs
x'g]5 .
oftgf lj?4sf] xs M -!_ y'gfdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s oftgf lbOg] jf lgh;Fu
lgd{d, cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf] Jojxf/af6
kLl8t JolQmnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
lgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xs M -!_ g]kfnsf]] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tf jf ;fj{hlgs zflGt /
Joj:yfdf tTsfn vnn kg]{ kof{Kt cfwf/ geO{ s;}nfO{ klg lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /flvg] 5}g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /x]sf] JolQmsf] l:yltsf] af/]df lghsf]
kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf glhssf] gft]bf/nfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd tTsfn hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ zq' b]zsf] gful/ssf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-#_ lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /fVg] clwsf/Ln] sfg'g ljk/Lt jf ablgotk"j{s s'g} JolQmnfO{
gh/aGbdf /fv]df To:tf] JolQmnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
5'jf5"t tyf e]befj lj?4sf] xs M -!_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ hft, hflt, pTklQ, ;d'bfo, k]zf jf
zf/Ll/s cj:yfsf cfwf/df s'g} klg lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf s'g} k|sf/sf] 5'jf5"t jf
e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf pTkfbg jf ljt/0f ubf{ To:tf] j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g}
vf; hft jf hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ v/Lb jf k|fKt ug{af6 /f]s nufOg] jf To:tf] j:t', ;]jf jf
;'ljwf s'g} vf; hft jf hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ dfq laqmL ljt/0f jf k|bfg ul/g] 5}g .

#)=

#!=

#@=

##=

-#_ s'g} hft, hflt, pTklQ jf zf/Ll/s cj:yfsf cfwf/df JolQm jf ;d'bfonfO{ pRr
jf gLr bzf{pg], hft, hflt jf 5'jf5"tsf cfwf/df ;fdflhs e]befjnfO{ Gofof]lrt 7fGg] jf
5'jf5"t tyf hftLo pRrtf jf 3[0ffdf cfwfl/t ljrf/sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ jf hftLo lje]bnfO{
s'g} klg lsl;dn] k|f]T;fxg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-$_ hftLo cfwf/df 5'jf5"t u/L jf gu/L sfo{:yndf s'g} k|sf/sf] e]befj ug{ kfOg]
5}g .
-%_ o; wf/f k|lts"n x'g] u/L ;a} k|sf/sf 5'jf5"t tyf e]befjhGo sfo{ uDeL/
;fdflhs ck/fwsf] ?kdf sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5g\ / To:tf] sfo{af6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{
sfg'g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
;DklQsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;DklQ cfh{g ug]{, ef]u ug]{,
a]rlavg ug]{, Jofj;flos nfe k|fKt ug]{ / ;DklQsf] cGo sf/f]af/ ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|ultzLn s/sf] dfGotf cg'?k /fHon] JolQmsf] ;DklQdf cfjZostf cg';f/ s/
nufpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu afx]s /fHon] s'g} JolQmsf] ;DklQ clwu|x0f ug]{, k|fKt ug]{
jf To:tf] ;DklQ pk/ c? s'g} k|sf/n] s'g} clwsf/sf] l;h{gf ug]{ 5}g .
t/ s'g} klg JolQmn] u}/sfg'gL ?kn] cfh{g u/]sf] ;DklQsf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g]
5}g .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs lxtsf nflu /fHon] s'g} klg JolQmsf] hUufsf]
clwu|x0f ubf{ Ifltk"lt{sf] cfwf/ / sfo{k|0ffnL sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ / -$_ sf] Joj:yfn] e"ldsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{, s[lifsf]
cfw'lgsLs/0f / Joj;foLs/0f, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, Jojl:yt cfjf; tyf zx/L ljsf; ug{]
k|of]hgsf] nflu /fHon] sfg'g adf]lhd e"ld ;'wf/, Joj:yfkg / lgodg ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .
wfld{s :jtGqtfsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf]] cf:yf cg';f/ wd{sf] cjnDag, cEof;
/ ;+/If0f ug{] tyf s'g} wd{af6 cnu /xg] :jtGqtf x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s wfld{s ;Dk|bfonfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd cfkm\gf] :jtGq cl:tTj sfod /fvL
cfkm\gf] wfld{s :yn / wfld{s u'7Lsf] ;~rfng / ;+/If0f ug{] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ o; wf/ff/f k|bQ xssf] k|of]u ubf{ s;}n] klg ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo, lzi6frf/ /
g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] jf ;fj{hlgs zflGt e ug]{ lqmofsnfk ug{, u/fpg jf s;}sf] wd{
kl/jt{g u/fpg] jf csf{sf] wd{df vnn kg{] sfd jf Jojxf/ ug{ jf u/fpg x'Fb}g / To:tf]
sfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 .
;"rgfsf] xs M k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfkm\gf] jf ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} klg ljifosf] ;"rgf
dfUg] / k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
t/ o; wf/fsf] Joj:yfn] sfg'g adf]lhd uf]Ko /fVg'kg]{ ;"rgfsf] hfgsf/L lbg
s;}nfO{ afWo kfl/g] 5}g .
uf]kgLotfsf] xs M s'g} klg JolQmsf] hLp, cfjf;, ;DklQ, lnvt, tYof, kqfrf/ / rl/q
;DaGwL ljifosf] uf]kgLotf sfg'g adf]lhd afx]s cgltqmDo x'g]5 .
10

#$=

#%=

#^=

#&=

#*=

zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs M -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs x'g]5 .

-@_ wd{, k|yf, k/Dk/f, ;+:sf/, k|rng jf cGo s'g} cfwf/df s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ s'g}
lsl;dn] zf]if0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-#_ dflg;nfO{ a]rlavg ug{, bf; jf afFwf agfpg kfOg] 5}g / To:tf] sfo{ sfg'g
adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 .
-$_ s;}nfO{ klg lghsf] OR5f lj?4 sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g .
t/ o; pkwf/fdf plNnlvt Joj:yfn] ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf] nflu gful/snfO{ /fHon]
clgjfo{ ;]jfdf nufpg ;Sg] u/L sfg'g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ / -$_ ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf] sfo{af6
kLl8t JolQmnfO{ kL8saf6 sfg'g adf]lhd dgfl;a Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
:jR5 jftfj/0fsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :j:y / :jR5 jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg] xs
x'g]5 .
-@_ jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0f jf x|f;af6 x'g] Ifltafkt kLl8tnfO{ k|b"ifsaf6 sfg'g adf]lhd
Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt ug{] xs x''g]5 .
-#_ /fi6sf] ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{ ug{] k|of]hgsf] nflu jftfj/0f / ljsf;aLr ;d'lrt
;Gt'ngsf] nflu cfjZos sfg'gL Joj:yf ug{ o; wf/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
lzIff ;DaGwL xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t lzIffdf kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t txsf] lzIff clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns lzIff tyf dfWolds
tx;Dd lgMz'Ns lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ ckftf ePsf / cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg gful/snfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd lgMz'Ns pRr
lzIff k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-$_ b[li6ljxLg JolQmnfO{ a|]nlnlk tyf alx/f / :j/ jf af]nfO ;DaGwL ckftf ePsf
JolQmnfO{ ;f]lts efiffsf] dfWodaf6 sfg'g adf]lhd lgMz'Ns lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-%_ g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ cfkm\gf] dft[efiffdf dfWolds
tx;Dd lzIff k|fKt ug{ / sfg'g adf]lhd ljBfno tyf z}lIfs ;+:yf vf]Ng] / ;~rfng ug]{ xs
x'g]5 .
efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s JolQm / ;d'bfonfO{ cfkm\gf] efiff k|of]u ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s JolQm / ;d'bfonfO{ cfkm\gf] ;d'bfosf] ;f+:s[lts hLjgdf ;xefuL x'g
kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ g]kfndf a;f]af; ug{] k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ cfkm\gf] efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt,
;f+:s[lts ;Eotf / ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g ug{] xs x'g]5 .
/f]huf/Lsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] xs x'g]5 . /f]huf/Lsf zt{ / cj:yf sfg'g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
t/ o; pkwf/f adf]lhd /f]huf/L pknAw gx'Fbf;Dd a]/f]huf/ gful/snfO{ sfg'g
adf]lhd a]/f]huf/ eQf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

11

#(=

$)=

$!=

$@=

$#=

$$=

-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] 5gf}6 ug{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

>dsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ plrt >d cEof;sf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ plrt kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd 6]8 o'lgog vf]Ng], To;df ;xefuL x'g] tyf
;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL ug{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
:jf:Yo ;DaGwL xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf lgMz'Ns k|fKt ug{] xs
x'g]5 / s;}nfO{ klg cfsl:ds :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf] :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfg kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .
-$_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jR5 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOdf kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .
vfB ;DaGwL xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ vfB ;DaGwL xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ vfBj:t'sf] cefjdf hLjg hf]lvddf kg]{ cj:yfaf6 ;'/lIft
x'g] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd vfB ;Dk|e'tfsf] xs x'g]5 .
cfjf;sf] xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ pko'Qm cfjf;sf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ sfg'g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg gful/snfO{ lghsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] jf;:yfgaf6
x6fOg] jf cltqmd0f ul/g] 5}g .
dlxnfsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ n}ls e]befj ljgf ;dfg j+zLo xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ ;'/lIft dft[Tj / k|hgg ;DaGwL xs x'g]5 / n}ls klxrfgsf]
cfwf/df e|"0fxTof ug]{ sfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 .
-#_ dlxnf lj? wfld{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f, k|rng jf cGo s'g} cfwf/df
zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}ghGo, dgf]j}1flgs jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] lx+;fhGo sfo{ jf zf]if0f ul/g]
5}g . To:tf] sfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 / kLl8tnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]
xs x'g]5 .
-$_ /fHo ;+oGqsf ;a} lgsfodf dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;2fGtsf] cfwf/df
;xeflu x'g] xs x'g]5 .
-%_ dlxnfnfO{ lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf ;sf/fTds lje]bsf
cfwf/df ljz]if cj;/ k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-^_ ;DklQ tyf kfl/jfl/s dfldnfdf bDklQsf] ;dfg xs x'g]5 .
afnaflnsfsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ cfkm\gf] klxrfg ;lxt gfds/0f / hGdbtf{sf]
xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ kl/jf/ tyf /fHoaf6 lzIff, :jf:Yo, kfng kf]if0f, plrt
:ofxf/, v]ns"b, dgf]/~hg tyf JolQmTj ljsf;sf] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ k|f/lDes afnljsf; tyf afn;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]5 .

12

$%=

$^=
$&=

-$_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} cGo hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf
nufpg kfOg] 5}g .
-%_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ afn ljjfx, u}/sfg'gL cf];f/k;f/ / ckx/0f ug{ jf
aGws /fVg kfOg] 5}g .
-^_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ ;]gf, k|x/L jf ;z:q ;d"xdf egf{ jf k|of]u ug{ jf
;f+:s[lts jf wfld{s k|rngsf] gfddf s'g} klg dfWod jf k|sf/n] b'Jo{jxf/, pk]Iff jf zf/Ll/s,
dfgl;s, of}ghGo jf cGo s'g} k|sf/sf] zf]if0f ug{ jf cg'lrt k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-&_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/, ljBfno jf cGo h'g;'s} :yfg / cj:yfdf zf/Ll/s,
dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] oftgf lbg kfOg] 5}g .
-*_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ afn cg's"n Gofosf] xs x'g]5 .
-(_ c;xfo, cgfy, ckftf ePsf, GkLl8t, lj:yflkt Pj+ hf]lvddf /x]sf
afnafflnsfnfO{ /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;+/If0f / ;'ljwf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-!)_ pkwf/f -$_, -%_, -^_ / -&_ ljk/Lt sfo{ sfg'g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5g\ / To:tf]
sfo{af6 kLl8t afnaflnsfnfO{ kL8saf6 sfg'g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
blntsf] xs M -!_ blnt ;d'bfosf JolQmnfO{ lghfdtL ;]jf, ;]gf, k|x/L nufotsf /fHosf ;a}
lgsfo / If]qx?df ;dfj]zL l;2fGtsf cfwf/df /f]huf/L k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 . ;fj{hlgs ;]jf
nufotsf /f]huf/Lsf cGo If]qdf blnt ;d'bfosf] ;zQmLs/0f, k|ltlglwTj / ;xeflutfsf]
nflu sfg'g adf]lhd ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
-@_ blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ k|fylds b]lv pRr lzIff;Dd sfg'g adf]lhd 5fqj[lQ ;lxt
lgMz'Ns lzIffsf] Joj:yf ul/g]]5 . k|fljlws / Jofj;flos pRr lzIffdf blntsf] nflu sfg'g
adf]lhd ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
-#_ blnt ;d'bfonfO{ :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ sfg'g adf]lhd ljz]if
Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
-$_ blnt ;d'bfonfO{ cfgf] k/Dk/fut k]zf, 1fg, ;Lk / k|ljlwsf] k|of]u, ;+/If0f /
ljsf; ug]{ xs x'g]5 . /fHon] blnt ;d'bfosf k/Dk/fut k]zf;Fu ;DalGwt cfw'lgs
Joj;fodf pgLx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ ;f]sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;Lk / ;|f]t pknAw u/fpg]5 .
-%_ /fHon] e"ldxLg blntnfO{ sfg'g agfO{ Ps k6s hdLg pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ /fHon] cfjf;ljxLg blntsf] nflu sfg'g agfO{ a;f]af;sf] Joj:yf ug]{5 .
-&_ blnt ;d'bfosf] nflu o; wf/ff/f k|bQ ;'ljwf blnt dlxnf, k'?if / ;a}
;d'bfodf /x]sf blntn] ;dfg'kflts?kdf k|fKt ug]{ u/L Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
Ho]i7 gful/ssf] xs M Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;+/If0f tyf ;fdflhs
;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 .
;fdflhs Gofosf] xs M -!_ ;fdflhs ?kn] k5fl8 k/]sf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L
hghflt, v; cfo{, dw]zL, yf?, cNk;+Vos, ;LdfGtLs[t, d'l:nd, lk58fju{, n}ls tyf of}lgs
cNk;+Vos, o'jf, ls;fg, dhb"/, pTkLl8t jf lk5l8Psf] If]qsf gful/snfO{ ;dfj]zL l;2fGtsf
cfwf/df /fHosf] ;+/rgf tyf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]5 .
13

$*=

$(=

%)=
%!=

%@=

-@_ cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg tyf nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfosf gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, pTyfg,
;zQmLs/0f / ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f]huf/L, vfBfGg / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf
ljz]if cj;/ tyf nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-#_ ckftf ePsf gful/snfO{ ljljwtfsf] klxrfg;lxt dof{bf / cfTd;Ddfgk"j{s
hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg] / ;fj{hlgs ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfdf ;dfg kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .
-$_ k|To]s ls;fgnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd s[lif sfo{sf] nflu e"lddf kx'Fr, k/Dk/fut ?kdf
k|of]u / cjnDag ul/Psf] :yfgLo aLp lahg / s[lif k|hfltsf] 5gf}6 / ;+/If0fsf] xs x'g]5 .
-%_ g]kfndf cu|ufdL nf]stflGqs kl/jt{gsf]] nflu ePsf ;a} hgcfGbf]ng, ;z:q
;+3if{ / qmflGtsf] qmddf hLjg pT;u{ ug]{ zxLbsf kl/jf/, a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf kl/jf/,
nf]stGqsf of]4f, GkLl8t / lj:yflkt, ckftf ePsf JolQm, 3fOt] tyf kLl8tnfO{ Gofo
Pjd\ plrt ;Ddfg ;lxt lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L, cfjf; / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf sfg"g adf]lhd
k|fyldstfsf ;fy cj;/ k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs M cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg, czQm / c;xfo cj:yfdf /x]sf Psn dlxnf,
ckftf ePsf, afnaflnsf, cfk\mgf] x]/rfx cfkm}+ ug{ g;Sg] tyf nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf gful/snfO{
sfg'g adf]lhd ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 .
pkef]Qmfsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s pkef]QmfnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo j:t' tyf ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-@_ u'0f:t/xLg j:t' jf ;]jfaf6 Iflt k'u]sf] JolQmnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]
xs x'g]5 .
b]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xs M s'g} klg gful/snfO{ b]z lgsfnf ul/g] 5}g .
;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs / df}lns xssf] sfof{Gjog M -!_ o; efuf/f k|bQ xssf] k|rngsf
nflu wf/f !#& jf !$* df n]lvP adf]lhd pkrf/ kfpg] xs ;'/lIft ul/Psf] 5 .
-@_ o; efuf/f k|bQ xsxsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ /fHon] of]
;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] tLg jif{leq sfg'gL Joj:yf ug]{5 .
gful/ssf st{Jo M k|To]s gful/ssf st{Jo b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5g\ M
-s_ /fi6k|lt lgi7fjfg xF'b} g]kfnsf] /fli6otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tfsf] /Iff ug{',
-v_ ;+ljwfg / sfg'gsf] kfngf ug{',
-u_ /fi6n] rfx]sf avt clgjfo{ ;]jf ug'{ .

14

%#=

%$=

%%=

efu$
/fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt, gLlt tyf bfloTj
dfu{lgb]{zgsf ?kdf /xg] M -!_ o; efudf plNnlvt lgb]{zs l;2fGt, gLlt tyf bfloTj /fHo
;~rfngsf] dfu{lgb]{zgsf ?kdf /xg]5g\ .
-@_ /fHon] o; efudf plNnlvt l;2fGt, gLlt / bfloTjsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZostf
cg';f/ ;|f]t ;fwg kl/rfng ug]{ u/fpg]5 .
lgb]{zs l;4fGtx M -!_ b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf / cv08tfnfO{ ;jf]{kl/ /fVb}
gful/ssf] hLp, wg, ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0f u/L sfg'gsf] zf;g, df}lns xs tyf
dfgj clwsf/sf d"No / dfGotf, n}+lus ;dfgtf, ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLs/0f, ;xeflutf /
;fdflhs Gofosf] dfWodaf6 /fli6o hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf Gofok"0f{ Joj:yf sfod ub}{ nf]s
sNof0fsf/L /fHoJoj:yfsf] :yfkgf ug]{ tyf k/:k/ ;xof]udf cfwfl/t ;+3Lotfsf cfwf/df
;+3Lo OsfOx?aLrsf] ;DaGw ;~rfng ub}{ :yfgLo :jfoQtf / ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] cfwf/df zf;g
Joj:yfdf ;dfg'kflts l;2fGtnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ nf]stflGqs clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{ kfpg]
cj:yf ;'lglZrt ug{ ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftfGqfTds Joj:yf :yfkgf ug]{ /fHosf] /fhgLlts
p2]Zo x'g]5 .
-@_ wd{, ;+:s[lt, ;+:sf/, k|yf, k/Dk/f, k|rng jf cGo s'g} klg cfwf/df x'g] ;a}
k|sf/sf lje]b, zf]if0f / cGofosf] cGTo u/L ;Eo / ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ Pj+
/fli6o uf}/j, nf]stGq, hgkIfLotf, >dsf] ;Ddfg, pBdzLntf, cg'zf;g, dof{bf /
;lxi0f'tfdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts d"Noxsf] ljsf; ug]{ tyf ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfsf]
;Ddfg ub}{ ;fdflhs ;b\efj, P]Soa4tf / ;fd~h:o sfod u/L /fli6o Pstf ;'b[9 ug]{
/fHosf] ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts p2]Zo x'g]5 .
-#_ ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f, ;a} k|sf/sf cfly{s zf]if0f / c;dfgtfsf] cGTo
tyf ;fj{hlgs, ;xsf/L / lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf tyf ljsf; dfkm{t pknAw ;fwg ;|f]tsf]
clwstd\ pkof]u ub}{ lbuf] cfly{s ljsf; ug]{ Pj+ k|fKt pknlAwxsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ub}{
zf]if0f/lxt ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f u/L /fli6o cy{tGqnfO{ cfTdlge{/, :jtGq tyf pGgltzLn agfpFb}
;dfhjfb pGd'v cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ /fHosf] cfly{s p2]Zo x'g]5 .
-$_ b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf, cv08tf / /fli6o lxtsf] /Iff ub}{ ;fj{ef}lds
;dfgtfsf] cfwf/df cGt/f{l{i6o ;DaGw sfod u/L ljZj ;d'bfodf /fli6o ;Ddfgsf] clej[l4
ug]{tkm{ /fHosf] cGt/f{li6o ;DaGw lgb]{lzt x'g]5 .
/fHosf gLltx M /fHon] b]xfosf gLltx cjnDag ug]{5 M
-s_
/fli6o Pstf / /fli6o ;'/Iff ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_
b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf / cv08tfsf] ;+/If0f ub}{ /fli6o Pstf cIf'00f
/fVg],
-@_
ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{, efiff, ;+:s[lt / ;Dk|bfoaLr kf/:kl/s ;b\efj,
;lxi0f'tf / P]Soa4tf sfod u/L ;+3Lo OsfOxaLr k/:k/df ;xof]ufTds
;DaGw ljsf; ub}{ /fli6o Pstf k|jw{g ug]{,
15

-#_
-$_
-%_

-v_

-u_

/fli6o ;'/Iff k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; u/L zflGt ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug]{,

;jf{L0f dfgjLo ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt ug]{,
/fli6o ;'/Iff gLltsf cfwf/df ;]gf, k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L nufot ;a} ;'/Iff
lgsfonfO{ ;an, ;'b[9, Jofj;flos, ;dfj]zL / hgpQ/bfoL agfpg],
-^_
/fli6o cfjZostf cg'?k gful/snfO{ /fi6sf] ;]jf ug{ tTk/ / ;Ifd
agfpg] .
/fhgLlts tyf zf;g Joj:yf ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_
/fhgLlts pknlAwsf] /Iff, ;'b[9Ls/0f / ljsf; ub}{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf
;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf dfWodaf6 hgtfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxt / ;d'Gglt k|Tofe"t
ug]{,
-@_
dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g ub}{ ljlwsf] zf;g sfod /fVg],
-#_
g]kfn kIf ePsf dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6o ;lGw ;Demf}tfxsf]
sfof{Gjog ug]{,
-$_
;fj{hlgs k|zf;gnfO{ :jR5, ;Ifd, lgikIf, kf/bzL{, hgpQ/bfoL /
;xeflutfd"ns agfpFb} /fHoaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;]jf ;'ljwfdf hgtfsf] ;dfg,
;xh kx'Fr ;'lglZrt u/L ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt ug]{,
-%_
cfd;~rf/nfO{ :jR5, :j:y, ;'/lIft, dof{lbt, lhDd]jf/ / Jofj;flos agfpg
cfjZos Joj:yf ug]{,
-^_
;+3Lo OsfOaLr lhDd]jf/L, ;|f]t ;fwg / k|zf;gsf] ;fem]bf/L ub}{ ;'dw'/ /
;xof]ufTds ;DaGwsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{ .
;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_
:j:y / ;Eo ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; u/L ;fdflhs ;';DaGwdf cfwfl/t ;dfhsf]
lgdf{0f ug]{,
-@_
P]ltxfl;s, k"/ftflTjs tyf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g / ljsf;sf]
nflu cWoog, cg';Gwfg, pTvgg tyf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{,
-#_
;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts tyf ;]jfd"ns sfo{df :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] l;h{gzLntfsf]
k|jw{g / kl/rfng u/L :yfgLo hg;xeflutf clej[l4 ub}{ ;fd'bflos ljsf;
ug]{,
-$_
/fli6o ;Dkbfsf] ?kdf /x]sf snf, ;flxTo / ;Ltsf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbg],
-%_
;dfhdf ljBdfg wd{, k|yf, k/Dk/f, /Llt tyf ;+:sf/sf gfddf x'g] ;a}
k|sf/sf lje]b, c;dfgtf, zf]if0f / cGofosf] cGt ug]{,
-^_
b]zsf] ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf sfod /fVb} ;dfgtf Pj+ ;xcl:tTjsf cfwf/df
ljleGg hfthflt / ;d'bfosf] efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt, ;flxTo, snf / ;Dkbfsf]
;+/If0f / ljsf; ug]{ .

16

-3_

-_

cy{ / jfl0fHo ;DaGwL gLlt M

-!_
;fj{hlgs, ;xsf/L / lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutf / :jtGq ljsf; dfkm{t /fli6o
cy{tGq ;'b[9 ug]{,
-@_
pknAw ;fwg ;|f]tsf] clwstd kl/rfng ub}{ cfly{s ;d[l4 xfl;n ug]{,
-#_
;xsf/L If]qnfO{ k|fyldstf lbFb} o; If]qsf] k"FhLnfO{ /fli6o ljsf;df
kl/rfng ug]{,
-$_
/fHon] lghL If]qsf] nufgL / of]ubfgdf :jR5tf, hjfkmb]xL / k|lt:kwf{ sfod
ug{ lgodgsf] Joj:yf ub}{ ;jf{L0f /fli6o ljsf;df k|f]T;fxg / kl/rfng
ug]{,
-%_
pknAw ;fwg, ;|f]t tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf] k|ltkmnsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ug]{,
-^_
t'ngfTds nfesf If]qsf] klxrfg u/L lgof{t k|jw{g ub}{ j:t' tyf ;]jfsf]
ahf/ ljljwLs/0f / lj:tf/ ug]{,
-&_
sfnfahf/L, Psflwsf/, s[lqd cefj l;h{gf ug]{ / k|ltikwf{ lgoGq0f h:tf
ljs[lt / lj;\ultnfO{ lgoGq0f ub}{ Jofkfl/s :jR5tf / cg'zf;g sfod u/L
pkef]Qmfsf] lxt ;+/If0f ug]{,
-*_
/fli6o cy{tGqsf] ljsf;sf] nflu /fli6o pBf]u wGbf / ;fwg ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f
/ k|jw{g u/L g]kfnL >d, ;Lk / sRrf kbfy{df cfwfl/t :jb]zL nufgLnfO{
k|fyldstf lbg],
-(_
/fli6o cy{tGqsf] ljsf;sf] nflu ;]jf If]qdf :jb]zL nufgLnfO{ k|fyldstf
lb+b} pBf]usf] ?kdf ljsf; u/L k|lt:kwL{ agfpFb} n}hfg],
-!)_ /fli6o lxt cg's"n cfoft k|lt:yfkg, lgof{t k|jw{gsf If]qdf j}b]lzs k"FhL
tyf k|ljlwsf] nufgLnfO{ k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df k|f]T;fxg Pj+ kl/rfng ug]{,
-!!_ j}b]lzs ;xfotf ln+bf /fli6o cfjZostf / k|fyldstfnfO{ cfwf/ agfpFb}
o;nfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg] / j}b]lzs ;xfotfaf6 k|fKt /sd /fli6o ah]6df
;dflxt ug]{,
-!@_ u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLxsf] 1fg, ;Lk, k|ljlw / k"FhLnfO{ /fli6o ljsf;df pkof]u
ug]{ .
s[lif / e"ld;'wf/ ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_
e"lddf /x]sf] bf]xf]/f] :jfldTj cGTo ub}{ ls;fgsf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL
j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ ug]{,
-@_
cg'kl:yt e":jfldTjnfO{ lg?T;flxt ub}{ hUufsf] rSnfaGbL u/L pTkfbg /
pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{],
-#_
ls;fgsf] xs lxt ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g ub}{ s[lifnfO{ Joj;foLs/0f /
cf}Bf]lusLs/0f ug]{,

17

-$_

-r_

-5_

e"ldsf] pTkfbgzLntf, k|s[lt tyf jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng ;d]tsf cfwf/df

lgodg / Joj:yfkg ub}{ To;sf] ;d'lrt pkof]u ug]{,
-%_
s[ifssf] nflu s[lif ;fdu|L, s[lif pkhsf] plrt d"No / ahf/df kx'Frsf]
Joj:yf ug]{,
-^_
e"pkof]u gLltsf ;fy} s[lif, e"ld Joj:yfkg, cfw'lgsLs/0f, s[lifsf]
Joj;foLs/0f, ljljlws/0f / pTkfbgdf j[l4 tyf ls;fgsf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf
/fvL j}1flgs e"ld ;'wf/sf] ug]{ .
ljsf; ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_
ljsf;sf b[li6n] k5fl8 kfl/Psf If]qnfO{ k|fyldstf lb+b} ;Gt'lnt, jftfj/0f
cg's"n Pj+ lbuf] ?kdf ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ug]{,
-@_
ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf :yfgLo hg;xeflutf clej[l4 ug]{,
-#_
j}1flgs cWoog cg';Gwfg Pj+ lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] cfljisf/, pGgog /
ljsf;df nufgL clej[l4 ug]{] tyf j}1flgs, k|fljlws, af}l4s / ljlzi6
k|ltefxsf] ;+/If0f ug]{,
-$_
/fli6o cfjZostf cg';f/ ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ u/L ;j{;fwf/0f
hgtfsf] ;xh / ;/n kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{ tyf /fli6o ljsf;df ;"rgf
k|ljlwsf] pRrtd pkof]u ug]{,
-%_
ljsf;sf k|ltkmnsf] ljt/0fdf ljkGg gful/snfO{ k|fyldstf lb+b} cfd
hgtfnfO{ Gofof]lrt ?kdf k|fKt x'g] Joj:yf ug]{],
-^_
PsLs[t /fli6o kl/ro Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL ljsf; u/L gful/ssf ;a}
k|sf/sf ;"rgf / ljj/0fx PsLs[t ?kdf Joj:yfkg ug]{ tyf o;nfO{
/fHoaf6 pknAw x'g] ;]jf ;'ljwf / /fli6o ljsf; of]hgf;Fu cfa4 ug]{,
-&_
hg;f+lVos tYofnfO{ cBfjlws ub}{ /fli6o ljsf; of]hgf;Fu cfa4 ug]{ .
k|fs[lts ;fwg ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g / pkof]u ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_
/fli6o lxt cg's"n tyf cGt/k':tf ;dGofosf] dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{
b]zdf pknAw k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g / jftfj/0f cg'sn
"
?kdf lbuf] pkof]u ug]{ / :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ k|fyldstf / cu|flwsf/ lb+b}
k|fKt k|ltkmnxsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ug]{,
-@_
hg;xeflutfdf cfwfl/t :jb]zL nufgLnfO{ k|fyldstf lb+b} hn;|f]tsf]
ax'pkof]uL ljsf; ug]{,
-#_
gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] pTkfbg tyf ljsf; ub}{ gful/ssf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf
kl/k"lt{sf] nflu ;'ky / ;'ne ?kdf e/kbf]{ pmhf{sf] cfk"lt{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ tyf
pmhf{sf] ;d'lrt k|of]u ug]{,
-$_
hnpTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0f / gbLsf] Joj:yfkg ub}{ lbuf] / e/kbf]{ l;+rfOsf]
ljsf; ug]{,

18

-%_

-h_

hg;fwf/0fdf jftfj/0fLo :jR5tf ;DaGwL r]tgf a9fO{ cf}Bf]lus Pj+ ef}lts

ljsf;af6 jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub}{ jg, jGohGt',
kG5L, jg:klt tyf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g / lbuf] pkof]u ug]{,
-^_
jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ngsf] nflu d'n'ssf] s'n e"efusf] sDtLdf rfnL; k|ltzt
e"efudf jg If]q sfod /fVg],
-&_
k|s[lt, jftfj/0f jf h}ljs ljljwtfdfly gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf] jf kg{ ;Sg]
cj:yfdf gsf/fTds jftfj/0fLo kl/0ffd lgd"{n jf Go"g ug{ pko'Qm pkfox
cjnDag ug]{,
-*_
jftfj/0f k|b"if0f ug{]n] ;f] afkt bfloTj Aoxf]g{' kg{] tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf
k"j{;fjwfgL / k"j{;"lrt ;xdlt h:tf kof{j/0fLo lbuf] ljsf;sf l;4fGtsf
cfwf/df jftfj/0f ;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfg'g th'{df ug]{,
-(_
k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 x'g] hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ k"j{ ;"rgf, tof/L, p2f/,
/fxt Pj+ k'g:yf{kgf ug{] gLlt agfO{ nfu" ug{] .
gful/ssf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_
lzIffnfO{ j}1flgs, k|fljlws, Jofj;flos, Jofjxfl/s /f]huf/d"ns Pj+
hgd'vL agfpFb} ;Ifd, k|lt:kwL{, g}lts Pj+ /fli6o lxtk|lt ;dlk{t hgzlQm
tof/ ug]{,
-@_
lzIff If]qdf /fHosf] nufgL clej[l4 ub}{ lzIffdf ePsf] lghL If]qsf]
nufgLnfO{ lgodg / Joj:yfkg u/L ;]jfd"ns agfpg],
-#_
pRr lzIffnfO{ ;xh, u'0f:t/Lo / kx'Fr of]Uo agfO qmdzM lgMz'Ns agfpFb}
n}hfg],
-$_
gful/ssf] JolQmTj ljsf;sf nflu ;fd'bflos ;"rgf s]Gb| / k':tsfnosf]
:yfkgf / k|jw{g ug]{,
-%_
gful/snfO{ :j:y agfpg /fHon] hg:jf:Yosf] If]qdf cfjZos nufgL
clej[l4 ub}{ hfg],
-^_
u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;a}sf] ;xh, ;/n / ;dfg kxF'r ;'lglZrt ug{]{,
-&_
:jf:Yo If]qdf /fHon] nufgL clej[l4 ub}{ o; If]qdf ePsf] lghL nufgLnfO{
lgodg / Joj:yfkg u/L ;]jfd"ns agfpg],
-*_
:jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ ;j{;'ne / u'0f:t/Lo agfpg :jf:Yo cg';Gwfgdf hf]8 lb+b}
:jf:Yo ;+:yf / :jf:YosdL{sf] ;+Vof clej[l4 ub}{ hfg],
-(_
d'n'ssf] Ifdtf / cfjZostfsf cfwf/df hg;+Vof Joj:yfkgsf nflu kl/jf/
lgof]hgnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ub}{ dft[ lzz' d[To'b/ 36fO{ cf};t cfo' a9fpg],
-!)_ cJojl:yt a;f]af;nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{] tyf of]hgfa4 / Jojl:yt a:tL
ljsf; ug]{,

19

-!!_

-em_

-`_

s[lif If]qdf nufgL clej[l4 ub}{ vfB ;Dk|e'tfsf] dfGotf cg'?k hnjfo' /
df6f] cg's"nsf] vfBfGg pTkfbgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ub}{ vfBfGgsf] lbuf] pTkfbg,
cfk"lt{, ;~ro, ;'/Iff / ;'ne tyf k|efjsf/L ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{,
-!@_ cfwf/e"t j:t' tyf ;]jfdf ;a} gful/sxsf] ;dfg kxF'r ;'lglZrt ub}{ b'u{d
/ k5fl8 kfl/Psf] If]qnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbO{ of]hgfa4 cfk"lt{ Joj:yf ug]{,
-!#_ oftfoft ;'ljwfdf gful/sxsf] ;/n, ;xh / ;dfg kxF'r ;'lglZrt ub}{
oftfoft If]qdf nufgL clej[l4 ug]{ / jftfj/0f cg's"n k|ljlwnfO{ k|fyldstf
lb+b} ;fj{hlgs oftfoftnfO{ k|f]T;fxg / lghL oftfoftnfO{ lgodg u/L
oftfoft If]qnfO{ ;'/lIft, Jojl:yt / ckf cg's"n agfpg],
-!$_ gful/snfO{ :jf:Yo aLdf ;'lglZrt ub{} :jf:Yo pkrf/df kx'Frsf] Joj:yf
ldnfpg] .
>d / /f]huf/ ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_
;a}n] sfd ug{ kfpg] cj:yf ;'lglZrt ub}{ b]zsf] d'Vo ;fdflhs cfly{s
zlQmsf] kdf /x]sf] >dzlQmnfO{ bIf / Jofj;flos agfpFb} :jb]zdf g}
/f]huf/L clej[l4 ug]{,
-@_
dof{lbt >dsf] cjwf/0ff cg'?k ;a} >ldssf] cfwf/e"t clwsf/ ;'lglZrt
ub}{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|Tofe"t ug]{,
-#_
afn>d nufot >d zf]if0fsf ;a} ?kxsf] cGTo ug]{,
-$_
Joj:yfkgdf >ldssf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug]{,
-%_
j}b]lzs /f]huf/LnfO{ zf]if0fd'Qm, ;'/lIft / Jojl:yt ug{ tyf >ldssf]
/f]huf/L / clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ o; If]qsf] lgodg / Joj:yfkg ug]{,
-^_
j}b]lzs /f]huf/Laf6 cfh{g ePsf] kF"hL, ;Lk, k|ljlw / cg'ejnfO{ :jb]zdf
pTkfbgd"ns If]qdf k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfj]zLs/0f ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_
c;xfo cj:yfdf /x]sf Psn dlxnfnfO{ /f]huf/Ldf k|fyldstf lb+b}
hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu ;d'lrt Joj:yf ub}{ hfg],
-@_
hf]lvddf k/]sf, ;fdflhs / kfl/jfl/s alxis/0fdf k/]sf tyf lx+;f kLl8t
dlxnfnfO{ k'gM:yfkgf, ;+/If0f, ;zQmLs/0f u/L :jfjnDaL agfpg],
-#_
k|hgg cj:yfdf cfjZos ;]jf ;'ljwf pkef]usf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{,
-$_
afnaRrfsf] kfng kf]if0f, kl/jf/sf] x]/rfx h:tf sfd / of]ubfgnfO{ cfly{s
?kdf d"Nofg ug]{],
-%_
afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{]Qd lxtnfO{ k|fylds ?kdf Wofg lbg],
-^_
d'Qm sd}of, sDxn/L, x/jf, r/jf, xlnof, e"ldxLg, ;'s'Daf;Lxsf] klxrfg
u/L a;f]af;sf] nflu 3/ 38]/L tyf hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu s[lifof]Uo hdLg jf
/f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf ub}{ k'gM:yfkgf ug]{,

20

-&_

-6_

/fli6o ljsf;df o'jf ;xeflutf clej[l4 ub}{ /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs /

;f+:s[lts clwsf/xsf] k"0f{ pkof]usf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{, o'jfsf]
;zQmLs/0f / ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L nufotsf If]qdf ljz]if
cj;/ k|bfg ub}{ JolQmTj ljsf; ug{] tyf /fHosf] ;jf{L0f ljsf;df
of]ubfgsf nflu pko'Qm cj;/ k|bfg ug]{,
-*_
cflbjf;L hghfltsf] klxrfg ;lxt ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] clwsf/
;'lglZrt ug{ cj;/ tyf nfesf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf ub}{ o; ;d'bfo;Fu
;/f]sf/ /fVg] lg0f{oxdf ;xefuL u/fpg] tyf cflbjf;L hghflt / :yfgLo
;d'bfosf] k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk, ;+:s[lt, ;fdflhs k/Dk/f / cg'ejnfO{
;+/If0f / ;+jw{g ug]{],
-(_
cNk;+Vos ;d'bfonfO{ cfkm\gf] klxrfg sfod /fvL ;fdflhs / ;+f:s[lts
clwsf/ k|of]usf nflu cj;/ tyf nfesf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{,
-!)_ dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts cj;/ / nfesf] ;dfg
ljt/0f tyf ;f] ;d'bfo leqsf ljkGg / lk58f ju{sf] ;+/If0f, pTyfg,
;zQmLs/0f / ljsf;sf nflu cj;/ tyf nfesf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{,
-!!_ pTkLl8t tyf lk5l8Psf] If]qsf gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, pTyfg, ;zQmLs/0f,
ljsf; / cfwf/e"t cfjZostf kl/k"lt{sf] nflu cj;/ tyf nfesf] nflu
ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{,
-!@_ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / ;fdflhs Gofo k|bfg ubf{ ;a} ln, If]q / ;d'bfoleqsf
cfly{s ?kn] ljkGgnfO{ k|fyldstf k|bfg ug]{,
-!#_ :j:y, ;Ifd / cg'zfl;t gful/s tof/ ug{ v]ns"b tyf v]nf8Ldf of]hgfa4
nufgL ug]{ / v]ns"bnfO{ /fli6o Pstf ;'b[9 ug]{ Pj+ cGt/f{li6o If]qdf /fli6o
;Ddfg clej[l4 ug{]{ dfWodsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{,
-!$_ ;fd'bflos tyf /fli6o jf cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] nufgL /
e"ldsfnfO{ hjfkmb]xL / kf/bzL{ agfpFb} To:tf ;+:yfxsf] :yfkgf, :jLs[lt,
;~rfng, lgodg / Joj:yfkgsf nflu Psf/ k|0ffnL ckgfpg] / /fli6o
cfjZostf / k|fyldstfsf If]qdf dfq To:tf ;+3 ;+:yfxnfO{ ;+nUg
u/fpg] .
Gofo / b08 Joj:yf ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_ Gofo k|zf;gnfO{ l56f] 5l/tf], ;j{;'ne, ldtJooL, lgikIf, k|efjsf/L /
hgpQ/bfoL agfpg],
-@_ ;fdfGo k|s[ltsf ljjfb ;dfwfgsf nflu d]nldnfk, dWo:ytf h:tf j}slNks
pkfox cjnDag ug]{,
-#_ /fhgLlts, k|zf;lgs, ;fdflhs nufot ;a} If]qdf x'g] e|i6frf/ / clgoldttf
lgoGq0fsf nflu k|efjsf/L pkfo cjnDag ug]{ .

21

-7_

%^=

%&=

%*=

%(=

ko{6g ;DaGwL gLlt M g]kfnsf P]ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s, k"/ftflTjs / k|fs[lts

;Dkbfxsf] klxrfg, ;+/If0f, k|jw{g Pj+ k|rf/ k|;f/ dfkm{t /fli6o cy{tGqsf]
dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/sf] ?kdf kof{j/0f cg's"n ko{6g pBf]usf] ljsf; ug]{, ko{6g
;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ug{ cfjZos jftfj/0f Pj+ gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ tyf ko{6g pBf]usf]
nfe ljt/0fdf :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] .
-8_
cGt/f{li6o ;DaGw ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_
;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf, /fli6o :jfwLgtf / /fli6o lxtsf] /Iff ug{ lqmofzLn
/xFb} ;+o'Qm /fi6;+3sf] a8fkq, c;+nUgtf, k~rzLnsf] l;4fGt, cGt/f{li6o
sfg'g / ljZjzflGtsf] dfGotfsf] cfwf/df /fi6sf] ;jf]{kl/ lxtnfO{ Wofgdf
/fvL :jtGq k//fi6 gLlt ;~rfng ug]{,
-@_
ljutdf ePsf ;lGwxsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ub}{ ;dfgtf / kf/:kl/s lxtsf]
cfwf/df ;lGw ;Demf}tfx ug]{ .
/fHosf] bfloTj M g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, /fli6o :jfwLgtf / cv08tf cIf'00f /fVb} df}lns xs
tyf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+jw{{g ug]{, /fHosf lgb]{zs l;2fGtxsf] cg';/0f ug]{ tyf
/fHosf gLltxsf] qmdzM sfof{Gjog ub}{ hfg] /fHosf] bfloTj x'g]5 .
k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{] M o; efudf plNnlvt /fHosf lgb]{zs l;2fGt, gLlt / bfloTj sfof{Gjog
ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] u/]sf sfd / k|fKt pknlAw ;lxtsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6klt ;dIf k]z
ug]{5 / /fi6kltn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t ;+3Lo ;+;b ;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{5 .
cg'udg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ o; efudf plNnlvt /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt, gLlt /
bfloTjsf] k|ultzLn sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] cg'udg ug{ ;+3Lo ;+;bdf sfg'g adf]lhd Ps
;ldlt /xg]5 .
cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg g;lsg] M o; efudf n]lvPsf s'g} ljifo sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf]
;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .

22

efu%
/fHosf] ;+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF6
^)=

^!=

/fHosf] ;+/rgf M -!_ ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] d"n ;+/rgf ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx
u/L tLg txsf] x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfnsf] /fHozlQmsf] k|of]u ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd
ug{]5g\ .
-#_ klxrfgsf hftLo;d'bfo, eflifs, ;f+:s[lts, ef}uf]lnsIf]qut lg/Gt/tf Pj+
P]ltxfl;s lg/Gt/tf / ;fdfYo{sf cfly{s cGt/;DjGw / ;fdYo{tf, k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] cj:yf /
;Defjgf, k|fs[lts ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] pknJwtf / Kf|zf;lgs ;'udtfsf cfwf/df g]kfndf cf7
k|b]z /xg] 5g\ . k|b]zsf] ;Ldf+sg ;DaGwL ;'emfj lbg g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps ;+3Lo cfof]u u7g
ug]{5 . To:tf] cfof]usf] sfo{sfn 5 dxLgfsf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;+3Lo cfof]usf] ;'emfjsf] cfwf/df k|b]zsf] l;df+sg
;DaGwL clGtd lg0f{o ;f] cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ?kfGtl/t Joj:yflksf
;+;bdf k]z ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq Joj:yflksf;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{
;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtn] ug]{5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd lgdf{0f ul/Psf k|b]zsf] gfds/0f ;DalGwt k|b]z ;efsf]
;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 x'g]5 .
-^_ :yfgLo tx cGtu{t ufpFFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ;ef /xg]5g\ . ufpFkflnsf
/ gu/kflnsfdf /xg] j8fsf] ;+Vof sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-&_ ljz]ifIf]q ;lxtsf] ljz]if ;+/rgf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-*_ pkwf/f -^_ / -&_ adf]lhd lgdf{0f x'g] ufpFFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / ljz]if ;+/rgfsf]
;+Vof / If]q lgwf{/0f ug{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps cfof]u u7g ug]{5 . To:tf] cfof]un]
ufpFFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / ljz]if ;+/rgfsf] ;+Vof / If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f
u/]sf] dfkb08 adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ pkwf/f -*_ adf]lhdsf] cfof]usf] u7g of] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] ldltn] 5
dxLgfleq ul/g]5 . To:tf] cfof]usf] sfof{jlw Ps jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-!)_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, Pstf, cv08tf, :jfwLgtf,
/fli6o lxt, ;jf{L0f ljsf;, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;+3Lo zf;g
k|0ffnL, dfgj clwsf/ tyf df}lns xs, sfg'gL /fHo, zlQm k[ysLs/0f / lgoGq0f tyf
;Gt'ng, ax'ntf / ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t ;dtfd"ns ;dfh, ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj / klxrfgsf]
;+/If0f ug]{ 5g\ .
/fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF6 M -!_ ;+3sf] clwsf/ cg';"rL$ df plNnlvt ljifodf lglxt /xg]5 /
To:tf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u of] ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ k|b]zsf] clwsf/ cg';"rL% df plNnlvt ljifodf lglxt /xg] 5 / To:tf]
clwsf/sf] k|of]u of] ;+ljwfg / k|b]z sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

23

^@=

^#=

^$=

-#_ ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf clwsf/ cg';"rL^ df plNnlvt ljifodf lglxt /xg]5 /
To:tf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u of] ;+ljwfg, ;+3Lo ;+;b / k|bz
] ;efn] agfPsf] sfg'g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd k|b]z ;efn] sfg'g agfpFbf ;+3Lo ;+;bn] agfPsf] sfg'g;Fu
gaflemg] u/L agfpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd k|b]z ;efn] agfPsf] sfg'g ;+3Lo ;+;bn] agfPsf] sfg'g;Fu
aflemPdf aflemPsf] xb;Dd k|b]z ;efn] agfPsf] sfg'g cdfGo x'g]5 .
-^_ :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ cg';"rL& df plNnlvt ljifodf lglxt x'g]5 / To:tf]
clwsf/sf] k|of]u of] ;+ljwfg / ufpF;ef jf gu/;efn] agfPsf] sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
cjlzi6 clwsf/ M ;+3, k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL jf ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf
;"rLdf pNn]v gePsf] s'g} ljifodf tyf of] ;+ljwfgdf gtf]lsPsf] ljifodf ;+3df cjlzi6
clwsf/ lglxt x'g]5 .
cfly{s clwsf/sf] k|of]u M -!_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] cfkm\gf] clwsf/leqsf] ljifodf lglxt
cfly{s clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljifodf sfg'g agfpg], jflif{s ah]6 agfpg], lg0f{o ug]{, gLlt tyf
of]hgf tof/ ug]{ / ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{5g\ .
-@_ ;+3n] ;femf ;"rLsf ljifodf / cfly{s clwsf/sf cGo If]qdf k|b]znfO{ ;d]t nfu"
x'g] u/L cfjZos gLlt / dfkb08 ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t sfg'g agfpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] cfcfkm\gf] txsf] ah]6 agfpg] 5g\ / ah]6 k]z ug]{
;do ;+3Lo sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn]] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] ljsf;af6 k|fKt nfesf] ;dGoflos
ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 . o:tf] nfesf] lglZrt c+z /f]oN6L, ;]jf jf j:t'sf] ?kdf
kl/of]hgf k|efljt If]q / :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ sfg'gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] pkof]u ubf{ :yfgLo ;d'bfon] nufgL
ug{ rfx]df nufgLsf] k|s[lt / cfsf/sf] cfwf/df lglZrt c+z;Dd nufgL ug{ k|fyldstf lbg'
kg{]5 .
-^_ j}b]lzs ;xfotf / C0f lng] clwsf/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] x'g]5 . C0f ln+bf b]zsf]
;dli6ut cfly{s :yfloTj sfod /fVg' kg]{5 .
-&_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] ah]6 3f6f Joj:yfkg tyf cGo ljQLo cg'zf;g
;DaGwL Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
/fh:j ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF6 M -!_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] cfkm\gf] cfly{s clwsf/If]q leqsf]
ljifodf s/ nufpFg / tL ;|f]tx?af6 /fh:j p7fpg ;Sg]5g\ .
t/ ;femf ;"rLleqsf] ljifodf / s'g} klg txsf] ;"rLdf gk/]sf ;|f]tx?sf] ;DaGwdf
g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] ;|f]taf6 ;+sng u/]sf] /fh:j ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txnfO{
Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg]5 .

24

-#_ k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] k|fKt ug]{ ljQLo x:tfGt/0fsf] kl/df0f efu @% adf]lhdsf]
/fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo cfof]uaf6 l;kmfl/; eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|b]z / :yfgLo txnfO{ pgLx?sf] vr{sf] cfjZostf, /fh:jsf]
Ifdtf / k|of;sf] cfwf/df ljQLo ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfg ljt/0f ug]{5 .
-%_ k|b]zn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt cg'bfg / cfk\mgf] ;|f]taf6 p7\g] /fh:jnfO{
dftxtsf] :yfgLo txsf] vr{sf] cfjZostf, /fh:j Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df k|fb]lzs sfg'g adf]lhd
ljQLo ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfg ljt/0f ug{]5g\ .
-^_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;+\3Lo ;l~rt sf]if dfkm{t k|bfg ul/g] ;zt{ cg'bfg, ;dk"/s
cg'bfg jf cGo k|of]hgsf nflu lbOg] ljz]if cg'bfg ljt/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf ldnfpg]5 .
-&_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx aLrsf] /fh:jsf] afF8kmfF8 kf/bzL{ x'g]5 .
-*_ /fh:j afF8kmfF8 ;DaGwL ;+3Lo P]g agfpFbf /fli6o gLlt, /fli6o cfjZostf,
k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] :jfoQtf, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] hgtfnfO{ k'ofpg' kg]{ ;]jf /
pgLx?nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] cfly{s clwsf/, /fh:j p7fpg ;Sg] Ifdtf, ljsf; lgdf{0fdf ug'{kg]{
;xof]u, If]qLo c;Gt'ng, ul/aL / c;dfgtf, jl~rtLs/0f, cfsl:ds sfo{ / c:yfoL
cfjZostf k"/f ug{{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ ljifox? ;dfj]z x'g' kg]{5 .

25

efu^
/fi6klt / pk/fi6klt
^%=

/fi6klt M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fi6klt /xg]5 .

-@_ /fi6klt d'n'ssf] /fi6fWoIf x'g]5 . lghn] o; ;+ljwfg / sfg'g adf]lhd cfgf]
sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{5 .
-#_ /fi6klt g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k/dflwklt x'g]5 .
-$_ /fi6klt g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf] /fli6o Pstfsf] k|tLssf] kdf /xg]5 .
-%_ ;+ljwfgsf] kfngf / ;+/If0f ug'{ /fi6kltsf] k|d'v st{Jo x'g]5 .
^^= /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg M -!_ /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:o / k|b]z ;efsf ;b:o
dtbftf /x]sf] lgjf{rs d08naf6 x'g]5 . ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:o / k|b]z ;efsf ;b:osf]
dtef/ km/s x'g] u/L sfg'gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} k|b]zdf k|b]z ;efsf]
lgjf{rg gePsf] sf/0fn] dfq /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg k|of]hgsf] nflu lgjf{rs d08n u7g ug{
s'g} afwf k/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgjf{rs d08nsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] s'n dtsf]
ax'dt k|fKt ug]{ JolQm /fi6klt lgjf{lrt x'g]5 .
-$_ s'g} pDd]bjf/n] pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd ax'dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df ;a}eGbf a9L
dt k|fKt ug]{ b'O{ pDd]bjf/x aLr bf];|f] r/0fsf] dtbfg x'g]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd bf];|f] r/0fsf] dtbfgdf s'n ;b/ dtsf] krf; k|ltzt
eGbf a9L dt k|fKt ug]{ pDd]b\jf/ /fi6kltdf lgjf{lrt ePsf] dflgg]5 .
t/ To:tf]] lgjf{rgdf b'O{ pDd]bjf/x? aLr dt a/fa/ ePdf uf]nf k|yff/f lg0f{o
ul/g]5 .
-^_ lgjf{rg, dgf]gog jf lgo'lQm x'g] /fhg}lts kbdf axfn /x]sf]] JolQm o; wf/f
adf]lhd /fi6kltsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt ePdf lghsf] pQm kb :jtM l/Qm x'g]5 .
-&_ /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg / tT;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
^&= /fi6kltsf] kbfjlw M -!_ /fi6kltsf] kbfjlw kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] kbfjlw ;dfKt ePsf] /fi6kltn] gofF lgjf{lrt /fi6kltn]
kbef/ g;Dxfn];Dd o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{5 .
^*= /fi6kltsf] of]Uotf M -!_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf] JolQm /fi6klt x'gsf] nflu
of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_
;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o x'g of]Uo ePsf],
-v_
sDtLdf k}+tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
-u_ s'g} sfg'gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .

26

^(=

&)=

&!=

&@=

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b'O{ k6s /fi6klt lgjf{lrt
eO;s]sf] JolQm To; kl5 x'g] /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
/fi6klt kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yf M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf /fi6klt cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
pk/fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
;+ljwfgsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] cf/f]kdf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf tTsfn sfod
/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:osf] sDtLdf Ps rf}yfO ;b:on] lghsf] lj4 /fv]sf]
dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm a}7saf6 b'j} ;bgdf
tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t
ePdf,
-u_
kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf, jf
-3_
d[To' ePdf .
/fi6kltsf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ /fi6kltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5 M
-s_
;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'j} ;bgsf] clwj]zg cfXjfg / cGTo ug]{,
-v_
;+3Lo ;+;bn] kfl/t u/]sf ljw]os k|df0fLs/0f ug]{,
-u_
;+ljwfg tyf sfg'g adf]lhd ljleGg kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'lQm ug]{,
-3_
ljb]zL /fhb"t tyf s"6gLlts k|ltlglwaf6 cf]xf]bfsf] k|df0fkq u|x0f ug]{,
-_
g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 k'/:sf/, dfgkbjL, cn+sf/ / kbs k|bfg ug]{,
-r_
Goflos, cw{Goflos tyf k|zf;lgs lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Laf6 sfg'g adf]lhd
ePsf] ;hfo dfkmL, d'NtjL / sd ug]{ .
-@_ /fi6kltaf6 of] ;+ljwfg / sfg'g adf]lhd s'g} lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Lsf]
l;kmfl/;df ul/g] egL ls6fgL;fy Joj:yf ePsf] sfo{ afx]s /fi6kltaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g] ;a}
sfo{ dlGqkl/ifbsf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddltaf6 x'g]5 . To:tf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddlt k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t
k]z x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd /fi6kltsf] gfddf x'g] lg0f{o jf cfb]z / tT;DaGwL
clwsf/kqsf] k|df0fLs/0f sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
pk/fi6klt M -!_ g]kfndf Ps pk/fi6klt /xg]5 .
-@_ /fi6kltsf] cg'kl:yltdf jf kbfjlw ;dfKt ePsf]df afx]s cGo t/Lsfaf6
/fi6klt kbd'Qm ePdf csf]{ /fi6klt lgjf{lrt eO{ sfo{ef/ g;Dxfn];Ddsf nflu /fi6kltaf6
ul/g] sfo{x pk/fi6kltaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g]5 .
-#_ lgjf{rg, dgf]gog jf lgo'lQm x'g] /fhg}lts kbdf axfn /x]sf]] s'g} JolQm
pk/fi6kltsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt ePdf lghsf] pQm kb :jtM l/Qm x'g]5 .
pk/fi6klt kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yf M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf pk/fi6klt cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

27

-v_

&#=
&$=

&%=
&^=

lghn] ;+ljwfgsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] cf/f]kdf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf tTsfn

sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:osf] sDtLdf Ps ltxfO ;b:on] lgh lj?4 /fv]sf]
dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm a}7saf6 b'j} ;bgdf
tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:osf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t
ePdf,
-u_
lghsf] kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf, jf
-3_
lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
pk/fi6klt ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M pk/fi6kltsf] of]Uotf, lgjf{rg k|lqmof, kbfjlw ;DaGwL
Joj:yf /fi6kltsf] ;/x x'g]5 .
/fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] zky M /fi6klt / pk/fi6kltn] cfgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3 sfg'g
adf]lhd /fi6kltn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf / pk/fi6kltn] /fi6klt ;dIf kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf]
zky lng' kg]{5 .
/fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf M /fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] kfl/>lds tyf
cGo ;'ljwf P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 / To:tf] P]g gag];Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
/fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] sfof{no M -!_ /fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf ;xof]u
k'ofpg 5'f5'} sfof{no /xg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfof{nosf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos
sd{rf/L tyf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx g]kfn ;/sf/n] Joj:yf ug]{5 .

28

&&=
&*=

&(=

efu&
;+3Lo sfo{kflnsf
zf;sLo :j?k M b]zsf] zf;sLo :j?k ax'njfbdf cfwfl/t ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds ;+3Lo
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnL x'g]5 .
sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ M -!_ g]kfnsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / sfg'g adf]lhd
dlGqkl/ifbdf lglxt x'g]5 .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg / sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zg,
lgoGq0f / ;~rfng ug]{ cleef/f dlGqkl/ifbdf x'g]5 .
-#_ g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo sfo{sfl/0fL ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf x'g] lg0f{o jf cfb]z / tT;DaGwL
clwsf/kqsf] k|df0fLs/0f sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g M -!_ /fi6kltn] k|ltlglw;efdf ax'dt k|fKt ;+;bLo bnsf] g]tfnfO{
k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 / lghsf] cWoIftfdf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7g x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k|ltlglw;efdf s'g} klg bnsf] :ki6 ax'dt g/x]sf]
cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L bnx?sf] ;dy{gdf ax'dt
k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] k|ltlglw;efsf] ;b:onfO{ /fi6kltn] k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
-#_ k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq
pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg] cj:yf gePdf jf To;/L lgo'Qm
k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df /fi6kltn] k|ltlglw;efdf
;a}eGbf a9L ;b:ox ePsf] bnsf] ;+;bLo bnsf] g]tfnfO{ k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] cfkm" lgo'Qm ePsf] tL; lbgleq
k|ltlglw;efaf6 ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd ljZjf;sf] dt
k|fKt ug{ g;s]df pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} ;b:on] k|ltlglw;efdf ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt
ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf ePdf /fi6kltn] To:tf] ;b:onfO{ k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug{]5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd ljZjf;sf] dt
k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -#_ jf -%_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/f -$_ jf -^_ adf]lhd
ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df jf pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm x'g g;s]df
/fi6kltn] k|ltlglw;efnfO{ lj36g u/L 5 dlxgfleq csf]{ lgjf{rg ;DkGg x'g] u/L ldlt
tf]Sg]5 .
-*_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd k|ltlglw;efsf] nflu ePsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd
3f]if0ff ePsf] jf k|wfgdGqLsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq o; wf/f adf]lhd
k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQm ;DaGwL k|lqmof ;DkGg ug'{ kg{]5 .
-(_ /fi6kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:odWo]af6 ;dfj]zL
l;2fGt adf]lhd a9Ldf kRrL; hgf dGqL /x]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\ u7g ug]{5 .
29

*)=

*!=

:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu dGqL eGgfn] pkk|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL /
;xfos dGqL ;Demg' k5{ .
-!)_ k|wfgdGqL / dGqL ;fd"lxskdf ;\3Lo ;+;bk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]5g\ / dGqL
cfgf] dGqfnosf] sfdsf nflu JolQmut kdf k|wfgdGqL / ;+3Lo ;+;bk|lt pQ/bfoL
x'g]5g\ .
k|wfgdGqL tyf dGqL kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yf M -!_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|wfgdGqL cfgf] kbaf6
d'Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
wf/f !)$ adf]lhd lghsf] lj4 cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf jf
ljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t x'g g;s]df,
-u_
lgh k|ltlglw;efsf] ;b:o g/x]df, jf
-3_
lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-@_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf pkk|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqL cfgf] kbaf6
d'Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
lghn] k|wfgdGqL ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
k|wfgdGqLn] lghnfO{ kb d'Qm u/]df,
-u_
pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm ePdf, jf
-3_
lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm eP tfklg csf]{ dlGqkl/ifb
u7g geP;Dd ;f]xL dlGqkl/ifbn] sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{5 .
t/ k|wfgdGqLsf] d[To' ePdf gofF k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQm geP;Ddsf] nflu jl/i7td
dGqLn] k|wfgdGqLsf] kdf sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{5 .
;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o gePsf] JolQm dGqL x'g] M -!_ wf/f &( df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg /fi6kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o gePsf] s'g} JolQmnfO{
pkk|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL jf ;xfos dGqL kbdf lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm dGqLn] zkyu|x0f u/]sf] ldltn] 5 dxLgfleq ;+3Lo
;+;bsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{ g;s]df
tTsfn sfod /x]sf] k|ltlglw;efsf] sfo{sfne/ lgh dGqL kbdf k'gM lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo
x'g] 5}g .
-$_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg tTsfn sfod /x]sf]
k|ltlglw;efsf] cfdlgjf{rgdf k/flht ePsf] JolQm ;f] k|ltlglw;efsf] sfo{sfne/ pkwf/f
-!_ adf]lhd dGqL kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g] 5}g .

30

*@=

*#=
*$=

*%=

k|wfgdGqL, pkk|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqLsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf M
k|wfgdGqL, pkk|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqLsf] kfl/>lds / cGo ;'ljwf P]g
adf]lhd x'g]5 . To:tf] P]gf/f lgwf{/0f geP;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
zky M k|wfgdGqL, pkk|wfgdGqL / dGqLn] /fi6klt ;dIf tyf /fHodGqL / ;xfos dGqLn]
k|wfgdGqL ;dIf sfg'g adf]lhd cfgf] kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 .
/fi6kltnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] M k|wfgdGqLn] b]xfosf ljifoxdf /fi6kltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]5 M
-s_
dlGqkl/ifbsf lg0f{o,
-v_
;+3Lo ;+;bdf k]z ul/g] ljw]os,
-u_
v08 -s_ / -v_ df plNnlvt ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf /fi6kltn]
hfgsf/L dfu]sf] cGo cfjZos ljifo, /
-3_
b]zsf] ;d;fdlos kl/l:ylt / j}b]lzs ;DaGwsf ljifo .
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;~rfng M -!_
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t lgodfjnL adf]lhd g]kfn
;/sf/sf] sfo{ ljefhg / sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ cGtu{tsf] lgodfjnLsf] kfngf eof] jf ePg eGg] k|Zg s'g} cbfntdf
p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .

31

efu*
;+3Lo Joj:yflksf
*^= Joj:yflksfsf] u7g M k|ltlglw;ef / /fli6o;ef gfdsf b'O{ ;bg ;lxtsf] Ps Joj:yflksf
x'g]5 h;nfO{ ;+3Lo ;+;b elgg]5 .
*&= ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ M ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ cg';"rL$
adf]lhdsf] ;+3Lo ;"rL / cg';"rL^ adf]lhdsf] ;femf ;"rLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
**= k|ltlglw;efsf] u7g M -!_ k|ltlglw;efdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf b'O{ ;o krxQ/ ;b:o /xg]5g\ M
-s_
g]kfnnfO{ e"uf]n, hg;+Vof / k|fb]lzs ;Gt'ngsf] cfwf/df Ps ;o k+};7\7L
lgjf{rg If]q sfod u/L k|To]s lgjf{rg If]qaf6 Ps hgf /xg] u/L klxnf] x'g]
lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd lgjf{lrt x'g] Ps ;o k}+;7\7L ;b:o,
-v_
;Dk"0f{ b]znfO{ Ps lgjf{rg If]q dfgL /fhgLlts bnnfO{ dt lbg] ;dfg'kflts
lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd lgjf{lrt x'g] Ps ;o bz ;b:o .
-@_ ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd x'g] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu
/fhgLlts bnn] pDd]bjf/L lb+bf e"uf]n, hg;+Vof / k|fb]lzs ;Gt'ngsf] cfwf/df dlxnf, blnt,
cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghflt, v; cfo{, dw];L, yf?, d'l:nd, lk5l8Psf] If]q, cNk;+Vos
;d'bfo ;d]taf6 aGb ;"rLsf cfwf/df k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M v; cfo{ eGgfn] If]qL, a|fDx0f, 7s'/L, ;Gof;L -bzgfdL_ ;d'bfo ;Demg' k5{ .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd x'g] k|ltlglw;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg sfg'g adf]lhd uf]Ko
dtbfgf/f x'g]5 .
-$_ c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] k|To]s g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd s'g} Ps
lgjf{rg If]qdf dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-%_ k|ltlglw;efsf ;b:osf] nflu x'g] lgjf{rgdf dtbfg ug{ clwsf/ kfPsf] wf/f (!
adf]lhd of]Uotf k'u]sf] g]kfnL gful/s sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL s'g} klg lgjf{rg If]qaf6
pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg]5 .
-^_ k|ltlglw;efsf] sfo{sfn 5 dxLgfeGbf a9L cjlw afFsL 5Fb} s'g} ;b:osf] :yfg
l/Qm ePdf pQm :yfg h'g lgjf{rg k|0ffnLaf6 k"lt{ ePsf] xf] ;f]xL k|lqmoff/f k"lt{ ul/g]5 .
-&_ o; wf/fdf n]lvPsf s'/fx?sf] cwLgdf /xL k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rg / tT;DaGwL
cGo ljifo sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-*_ o; efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+3Lo ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{
k|To]s /fhgLlts bnaf6 lgjf{lrt s'n ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf Ps ltxfO ;b:o dlxnf x'g'
kg]{5 . To;/L lgjf{lrt ubf{ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -s_ / wf/f () sf] pkwf/f -@_ sf] v08 -s_
adf]lhd lgjf{lrt ;b:ox? dWo] s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] Ps ltxfO{ ;b:o dlxnf lgjf{lrt
gePdf To:tf] /fhgLlts bnn] pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;b:o lgjf{lrt ubf{ cfkm\gf]
bnaf6 ;+3Lo ;+;bdf lgjf{lrt x'g] s'n ;b:osf] sDtLdf Ps ltxfO{ dlxnf ;b:o x'g] u/L
lgjf{lrt ug'{ kg]{5 .

32

*(=

()=

(!=

k|ltlglw;efsf] sfo{sfn M -!_ cufj} lj36g ePsf]df afx]s k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn kfFr
jif{sf] x'g]5 .
t/ b]zdf ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff nfu" /x]sf] cj:yfdf Ps jif{df ga9\g] u/L
sfg'g adf]lhd k|ltlglw;efsf] sfo{sfn a9fpg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd yk ul/Psf] k|ltlglw;efsf] sfo{sfn ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf]
3f]if0ff vf/]h ePsf] ldltn] 5 dxLgf k'u]kl5 :jtM ;dfKt x'g]5 .
/fli6o ;efsf] u7g / ;b:ox?sf] kbfjlw M -!_ /fli6o ;ef Ps :yfoL ;bg x'g]5 . o;
;bgsf Ps ltxfO ;b:osf] kbfjlw k|To]s b'O{ jif{df ;dfKt x'g]5 .
-@_ /fli6o ;efdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf k}+tfnL; ;b:o /xg]5g\ M
-s_
k|b]z ;efsf ;b:o / :yfgLo lgsfosf k|d'v /x]sf] lgjf{rs
d08nf/f sfg'g adf]lhd k|b]z ;efsf ;b:o / :yfgLo lgsfosf
k|d'vsf] dtsf] ef/ km/s x'g] u/L k|To]s k|b]zaf6 sDtLdf b'O{ hgf
dlxnf ;lxt kfFr hgfsf] b/n] lgjf{lrt rfnL; ;b:o,
-v_
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltaf6 dgf]gLt sDtLdf b'O{ hgf
dlxnf ;lxt kfFrhgf .
-#_ /fli6o ;efsf ;b:ox?sf] kbfjlw 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
t/ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 klxnf] lgjf{rgaf6 lgjf{lrt ePsf ;b:osf] kbfjlw
sfod ubf{ uf]nf k|yff/f PsltxfOsf] b'O{ jif{, csf]{ PsltxfOsf] rf/ jif{ / afFsL Ps
ltxfOsf] 5 jif{sf] x'g] u/L kbfjlw sfod ul/g]5 .
-$_ /fli6o ;efsf] k|yd a}7s a;]sf] lbgaf6 ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?sf] kbfjlw k|f/De ePsf]
dflgg]5 .
-%_ /fli6o;efsf] l/Qm x'g cfpg] :yfgsf] k"lt{ ;f] :yfg l/Qm ug]{ ;b:osf] lgjf{rg jf
dgf]gog h'g t/Lsfn] ePsf] xf] ;f]xL t/Lsfn] aFfsL cjlwsf] nflu ul/g]5 .
-^_ /fli6o ;efsf ;b:osf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
;b:osf] nflu of]Uotf M -!_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf] JolQm ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o
x'g of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_
g]kfnsf] gful/s,
-v_
k|ltlglw;efsf] nflu kRrL; jif{ / /fli6o ;efsf] nflu k}+tL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f
ePsf],
-u_
g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L s;"/df ;hfo gkfPsf],
-3_
s'g} sfg'gn] cof]Uo gePsf], /
-_
s'g} nfesf] kb wf/0f gu/]sf] .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu nfesf] kb eGgfn] lgjf{rg jf
dgf]gogf/f k"lt{ ul/g] /fhgLlts kb afx]s ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 kfl/>lds jf cfly{s
;'ljwf kfpg] cGo kb ;Demg' k5{ .

33

(@=
(#=

($=
(%=

-@_ s'g} klg JolQm Ps} k6s b'j} ;bgsf] ;b:o x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
zky M ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] k|To]s ;bgsf ;b:on] ;bg jf To;sf] s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf klxnf]
k6s efu lng' cl3 sfg'g adf]lhd zky lng' kg]{5 .
:yfgsf] l/Qmtf M b]xfosf cj:yfdf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
lghn] ;efd'v jf cWoIf ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
wf/f (! adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf gePdf jf g/x]df,
-u_
k|ltlglw;efsf] sfo{sfn jf /fli6o ;ef ;b:osf] kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf,
-3_
;bgnfO{ ;"rgf glbO{ nuftf/ bzj6f a}7sdf cg'kl:yt /x]df,
-_
h'g bnsf] pDd]bjf/ eO{ ;b:o lgjf{lrt ePsf] xf] ;f] bnn] sfg'gdf Joj:yf
eP adf]lhd lghn] bn Tofu u/]sf] s'/f ;"lrt u/]df, jf
-r_
lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
;b:osf] nflu cof]Uotf ;DaGwL lg0f{o M ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} ;b:o wf/f (! adf]lhd cof]Uo
5 jf x'g uPsf] 5 eGg] k|Zg p7]df To;sf] clGtd lg0f{o ;+j}wflgs cbfntn] ug]{5 .
k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v / pk;efd'v M -!_ k|ltlglw;efn] ;f] ;efsf] klxnf] a}7s k|f/De
ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq k|ltlglw;efsf ;b:ox? dWo]af6 ;efd'v / pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg
ug]{5 . ;efd'v / pk;efd'v dWo] Ps hgf dlxnf x'g' kg]{5 . ;efd'v jf pk;efd'vsf] kb
l/Qm ePdf k|ltlglw;efn] ;f] ;efsf ;b:ox? dWo]af6 lgjf{rg u/L l/Qm :yfgsf] k"lt{ ug]{5 .
;efd'v / pk;efd'v km/s km/s bnsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
t/ k|ltlglw;efdf PseGbf a9L bnsf] k|ltlglwTj gePsf] jf k|ltlglwTj eP/ klg
pDd]bjf/L glbPsf] cj:yfdf Ps} bnsf] ;b:o ;efd'v / pk;efd'v x'g afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-@_ k|ltlglw;efsf] ;efd'vsf] cg'kl:yltdf pk;efd'vn] k|ltlglw;efsf] cWoIftf
ug]{5 .
-#_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v / pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg gePsf] jf b'j} kb l/Qm ePsf]
cj:yfdf k|ltlglw;efsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf pkl:yt ;b:o dWo] pd]/sf] lx;fan] Ho]i7 ;b:on]
ug]{5 .
-$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v jf pk;efd'vsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;b:o g/x]df,
t/ k|ltlglw;ef lj36g ePsf] cj:yfdf cfgf] kbdf axfn
/x]sf ;efd'v / pk;efd'v k|ltlglw ;efsf nflu x'g] lgjf{rgsf]
pDd]bjf/L bflvn ug]{ lbg;Dd cfgf] kbdf sfod /xg]5g\ .
-v_
lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf, jf
-u_
kb cg's"n cfr/0f gu/]sf] eGg] k|:tfj k|ltlglw;efsf] tTsfn sfod
/x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf .
-%_ k|ltlglw;efsf] ;efd'vn] kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f gu/]sf] eGg] k|:tfj pk/ 5nkmn
x'g] a}7ssf] cWoIftf pk;efd'vn] ug]{5 . To:tf] k|:tfjsf] 5nkmndf ;efd'vn] efu lng /
34

(^=

(&=

(*=

((=

dt lbg kfpg]5 .
/fli6o;efsf] cWoIf / pkfWoIf M -!_ /fli6o;efn] ;f] ;efsf] klxnf] a}7s k|f/De ePsf] ldltn]
kGw| lbgleq /fli6o;efsf ;b:ox? dWo]af6 cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] lgjf{rg ug]{5 . cWoIf /
pkfWoIf dWo] Ps hgf dlxnf x'g' kg]{5 . cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] kb l/Qm ePdf /fli6o;efn] ;f]
;efsf ;b:ox? dWo]af6 lgjf{rg u/L l/Qm :yfgsf] k"lt{ ug]{5 . cWoIf / pkfWoIf km/s km/s
bnsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
t/ /fli6o;efdf Ps eGbf a9L bnsf] k|ltlglwTj gePsf] jf k|ltlglwTj eP/ klg
pDd]bjf/L glbPsf] cj:yfdf Ps} bnsf] ;b:o cWoIf / pkfWoIf x'g afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-@_ /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIfsf]] cg'kl:yltdf pkfWoIfn] /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIftf ug]{5 .
-#_ cWoIf jf pkfWoIfsf] lgjf{rg gePsf] jf kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf /fli6o ;efsf]
a}7ssf] cWoIftf pkl:yt ;b:odWo] pd]/sf] lx;fan] Ho]i7 ;b:on] ug]{5 .
-$_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf /fli6o;efsf] cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
/fli6o;efsf] ;b:o g/x]df,
-v_
lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-u_
cWoIf jf pkfWoIfn] kb cg's"n cfr/0f gu/]sf] eGg] k|:tfj
/fli6o;efsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO
ax'dtn] kfl/t u/]df, jf
-3_
lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-%_ /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIfn] kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f gu/]sf] eGg] k|:tfj pk/ 5nkmn
x'g] a}7ssf] cWoIftf pkfWoIfn] ug]{5 . To:tf] k|:tfjsf] 5nkmndf cWoIfn] efu lng / dt
lbg kfpg]5 .
clwj]zgsf] cfJxfg / cGTo M -!_ /fi6kltn] k|ltlglw;efsf nflu ePsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd
kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] clwj]zg cfJxfg ug]{5 . To;kl5
;+ljwfg adf]lhd /fi6kltn] ;do ;dodf cGo clwj]zg cfJxfg ug{]5 .
t/ Pp6f clwj]zgsf] ;dflKt / csf]{ clwj]zgsf] k|f/Desf aLrsf] cjlw 5
dxLgfeGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} jf s'g} ;bgsf] clwj]zgsf] cGTo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ /fi6kltn] k|ltlglw;efsf] clwj]zg rfn" g/x]sf] jf a}7s :ylut ePsf] cj:yfdf
clwj]zg jf a}7s af]nfpg jf~5gLo 5 egL k|ltlglw;efsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO
;b:ox?n] ;dfj]bg u/]df To:tf] clwj]zg jf a}7s a:g] ldlt / ;do tf]Sg]5 . To;/L
tf]lsPsf] ldlt / ;dodf k|ltlglw;efsf] clwj]zg k|f/De x'g] jf a}7s a:g]5 .
u0fk"/s ;+Vof M o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} klg ;bgsf]
a}7sdf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO ;b:o pkl:yt geP;Dd s'g} k|:tfj, 5nkmn jf
lg0f{osf nflu k|:t't x'g] 5}g .
/fi6kltaf6 ;Daf]wg M -!_ /fi6kltn] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} Ps jf b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm a}7snfO{
;Daf]wg ug{ / To;sf] nflu ;b:osf] pkl:yltsf nflu cfXjfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
35

-@_ /fi6kltn] k|ltlglw;efsf] nflu ePsf] lgjf{rg kl5sf] klxnf] clwj]zg / k|To]s
jif{sf] klxnf] clwj]zg k|f/De ePkl5 ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm a}7snfO{ ;Daf]wg
ug]{5 .
!))= dGqLn] b'j} ;bgsf] a}7sdf efu lng kfpg] M dGqLn] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bg jf To;sf]
;ldltdf pkl:yt x'g / sf/afxL tyf 5nkmndf efu lng kfpg]5 .
t/ cfkm" ;b:o gePsf] ;bg jf To;sf] ;ldltdf dtbfg ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
!)!= ;ldltsf] u7g M -!_ k|ltlglw;ef / /fli6o ;efn] sfg'g adf]lhd ;ldltx? u7g ug{
;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ b'O{ ;bgsf aLrsf] sfo{ k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{, s'g} ljw]osdf /x]sf] dtleGgtf
cGTo ug{ jf cGo s'g} vf; sfo{sf nflu b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm ;ldlt u7g ul/of];\ egL s'g}
;bgn] k|:tfj kfl/t u/]df ;+o'Qm ;ldltsf] u7g ul/g]5 . To:tf] ;+o'Qm ;ldltdf
k|ltlglw;efsf ;b:o kfFr hgf / /fli6o;efsf ;b:o Ps hgfsf] cg'kftdf ;dfj]lztfsf]
cfwf/df a9Ldf kRrL; hgf ;b:o /xg] 5g\ .
!)@= ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;bgsf] sfo{ ;~rfng M ;+3Lo ;+;bsf]] s'g} ;b:osf]
:yfg l/Qm ePklg ;bgn] cfgf] sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bgsf]
sf/jfxLdf efu lng gkfpg] s'g} JolQmn] efu lnPsf] s'/f kl5 kQf nfUof] eg] klg eO;s]sf]
sfo{ cdfGo x'g] 5}g .
!)#= dtbfg M o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bgdf lg0f{osf]
nflu k|:t't ul/Psf] h'g;'s} k|:tfjsf] lg0f{o pkl:yt eO{ dtbfg ug]{ ;b:ox?sf] ax'dtaf6
x'g]5 . cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ dt lbg] clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .
t/ dt a/fa/ ePdf lghn] cfgf] lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 .
!)$= ljZjf;sf] dt / cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|wfgdGqLn] s'g} klg avt
cfk"mdfly k|ltlglw;efsf] ljZjf; 5 eGg] s'/f :ki6 ug{ cfjZos jf pko'Qm 7fg]df ljZjf;sf]
dtsf] nflu k|ltlglw;ef ;dIf k|:tfj /fVg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ k|wfgdGqLn] k|ltlglwTj ug{] bn ljeflht ePdf jf ;/sf/df ;xefuL bnn]
cfkm\gf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lnPdf tL; lbgleq k|wfgdGqLn] ljZjf;sf] dtsf] nflu k|ltlglw;ef
;dIf k|:tfj /fVg' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] k|:tfj k|ltlglw;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf
;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtn] kfl/t x'g g;s]df k|wfgdGqL cfkm\gf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 .
-$_ k|ltlglw;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox dWo] Ps rf}yfO ;b:on]
k|wfgdGqLdfly ;bgsf] ljZjf; 5}g egL lnlvt ?kdf cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5g .
t/ k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ePsf] klxnf] b'O{ jif{;Dd / Ps k6s /fv]sf] cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj
c;kmn ePsf] csf]{ Ps jif{ leq cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z ubf{ k|wfgdGqLsf] nflu k|:tfljt
;b:osf] gfd ;d]t pNn]v u/]sf]] x'g' kg]{5 .

36

!)%=

!)^=

-^_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k|ltlglw;efdf tTsfn sfod
/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtn] kfl/t ePdf k|wfgdGqL kbd'Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ k|wfgdGqLsf] kb l/Qm ePdf
pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd k|:tfj u/]sf] k|ltlglw;ef ;b:onfO{ /fi6kltn] wf/f &( adf]lhd
k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
dxfleof]u M -!_ ;+ljwfg / sfg'gsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] cfwf/df k|ltlglw;efdf tTsfn
sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO ;b:on] /fi6klt jf pk/fi6klt lj?4
dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . To:tf] k|:tfj ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgsf] tTsfn sfod
/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:osf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf lgh kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 .
-@_ sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj jf v/fa cfr/0f ePsf] jf OdfGbf/Lk"j{s cfgf] kbLo
st{Josf] kfng gu/]sf] jf cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]]sf] sf/0fn] cfkm\gf] kbLo
lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ g;s]sf] cfwf/df k|ltlglw;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf]
Ps rf}yfO ;b:on] k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLz, ;+j}wflgs cbfntsf
GofofwLz, Gofo kl/ifbsf ;b:o, ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v jf kbflwsf/Lsf lj?4
dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . To:tf] k|:tfj k|ltlglw;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf
;Dk"0f{ ;b:osf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf ;DalGwt kbflwsf/L kbaf6 d'Qm
x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} kbflwsf/Lsf] lj?4 dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj k]z ug{]
cfwf/ / sf/0f ljBdfg eP gePsf] 5fgjLg u/L l;kmfl/; ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu k|ltlglw;efdf
Ps dxfleof]u l;kmfl/; ;ldlt /xg]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltdf k|ltlglw;efsf P3f/ hgf ;b:o /xg] 5g\ .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] dxfleof]uaf6 kbd'Qm x'g] kbflwsf/Ln] ;+ljwfgsf]
uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] jf sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj jf v/fa cfr/0f jf kbLo bfloTjsf] kfng
OdfGbf/Lk"j{s gu/]sf] jf cg'zf;gsf] kfngf gu/]sf]] eGg] cfwf/df k|fKt ;"rgf, hfgsf/L jf
ph'/L u|fx\o /x]sf] egL k|ltlglw;efsf sDtLdf tLg hgf ;b:on] k|dfl0ft u/L k]z u/]df
To:tf] ph'/L dfly sfg'g adf]lhd 5fgljg u/L dxfleof]u ;DaGwL sf/afxLsf] nflu
k|ltlglw;ef ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ kbd'Qm ePsf]
kbflwsf/Ln] pQm kbaf6 kfpg] s'g} ;'ljwf lng / eljiodf s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs kbdf lgo'lQm
jf dgf]gog x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-&_ dxfleof]u ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
cglwsf/ pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df ;hfo M wf/f (@ adf]lhd zky glnO{ jf ;bgsf]
;b:otfsf] lgldQ cfjZos of]Uotf gePsf] s'g} JolQm ;b:osf] x}l;otn] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g}
;bg jf ;f] sf] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df lghnfO{ ;f] a}7ssf]
cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmsf] cfb]zn] To;/L pkl:yt ePsf] jf dtbft u/]sf] k|To]s k6ssf] nflu
kfFr xhf/ ?k}+of hl/afgf x'g]5 / To:tf] hl/afgf ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/ ul/g]]5 .

37

!)&=

ljz]ifflwsf/ M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgdf k"0f{ jfs\ :jtGqtf
/xg]5 / ;bgdf JoQm u/]sf] s'g} s'/f jf lbPsf] s'g} dtnfO{ lnP/ s'g} klg ;b:onfO{ kqmfp
ul/g], y'gfdf /flvg] jf lgh pk/ s'g} cbfntdf sf/afxL rnfOg] 5}g .
-@_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] k|To]s ;bgnfO{ cfgf] cfGtl/s sfd
sf/afxL lgoldt ug]{ k"0f{ clwsf/ /xg]5 / ;bgsf] s'g} sf/afxL lgoldt 5 jf 5}g egL lg0f{o
ug]{ clwsf/ ;DalGwt ;bgnfO{ dfq x'g]5 . o; ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fOg] 5}g .
-#_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bgsf] s'g} klg sf/afxLdfly To;sf] c;n lgotaf/] z\sf
p7fO{ s'g} 6Lsfl6Kk0fL ul/g] 5}g / s'g} ;b:on] af]n]sf] s'g} s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf hfgLhfgL
unt jf e|fds cy{ nufO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-$_ pkwf/f -!_ / -#_ sf] Joj:yf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o afx]s ;bgsf] a}7sdf efu
lng kfpg] cGo JolQmsf xsdf klg nfu" x'g]5 .
-%_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bgn] lbPsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t s'g} lnvt, k|ltj]bg, dtbfg
jf sf/afxL k|sflzt u/]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ s'g} JolQm pk/ cbfntdf sf/afxL rNg] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M of] pkwf/f / pkwf/f -!_, -@_, -#_ / -$_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;bg eGgfn]
k|ltlglw;ef jf /fli6o ;ef ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;+o'Qm a}7s jf ;ldlt jf
;+o'Qm ;ldltnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-^_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} klg ;b:onfO{ clwj]zg af]nfOPsf] ;"rgf hf/L ePkl5
clwj]zg rn'~h]n;Ddsf] cjlwe/ kqmfp ul/g] 5}g .
t/ s'g} kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf s'g} ;b:onfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd kqmfp ug{ o; pkwf/fn]
afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . To;/L s'g} ;b:o kqmfp ul/Pdf kqmfp ug]{ clwsf/Ln] To;sf]
;"rgf ;DalGwt ;bgsf] cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ t'?Gt lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xggnfO{ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] cjx]ngf dflgg]5 / s'g} ljz]ifflwsf/sf]
xgg ePsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ ;DalGwt ;bgnfO{ dfq x'g]5 .
-*_ s;}n] s'g} ;bgsf] cjx]ngf u/]df ;DalGwt ;bgsf] cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn] ;bgsf]
lg0f{oaf6 ;f] JolQmnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg, g;Lxt lbg jf tLg dxLgfdf ga9\g] u/L s}b ug{ jf
bz xhf/ ?k}+of;Dd hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] hl/afgf ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/
ul/g]]5 .
t/ ;DalGwt ;bgnfO{ ;Gtf]if x'g] u/L To:tf] JolQmn] Ifdfofrgf u/]df ;bgn] Ifdf
k|bfg ug{ jf tf]ls;s]sf] ;hfonfO{ dfkmL ug{ jf 36fpg ;Sg]5 .
-(_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!)*= sfo{ ;~rfng ljlw M -!_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] k|To]s ;bgn] cfgf] sfo{ ;~rfng ug{, a}7ssf]
;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg / ;ldltx?sf] u7g, sfd, sf/afxL / s'g} ;bg jf ;ldltsf] cGo s'/f
lgoldt ug{ lgodfjnL agfpg]5 . To;/L lgodfjnL gag];Dd ;+3Lo ;+;bn] cfkm\gf] sfo{ljlw
cfkm} lgoldt ug]{5 .

38

!)(=

!!)=

!!!=

!!@=

-@_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;+o'Qm a}7ssf] sfo{ ;~rfng / ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;+o'Qm ;ldltsf]
u7g / sfd sf/afxL ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm a}7sn] :jLs[t u/]sf] lgodfjnL jf
sfo{ljlw adf]lhd x'g]5 .
ax;df aGb]h M g]kfnsf] s'g} cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg d'2fx?sf ;DaGwdf Gofo lg?k0fdf k|lts"n
c;/ kfg]{ ljifo tyf GofofwLzn] st{Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf u/]sf] Goflos sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf
;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bgdf 5nkmn ul/g] 5}g .
t/ dxfleof]usf] k|:tfjdf 5nkmn ubf{ GofofwLzsf] cfr/0fsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} s'/f
JoQm ug{ o; pkwf/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
;+3Lo ;+;bsf] dxf;lrj / ;lrj M -!_ /fi6kltn] k|ltlglw;efsf ;efd'v / /fli6o;efsf]
cWoIf b'j}sf] ;+o'Qm l;kmfl/;df ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] dxf;lrj, ;efd'vsf] l;kmfl/;df
k|ltlglw;efsf] ;lrj / /fli6o;efsf] cWoIfsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6o;efsf] ;lrj kbdf lgo'Qm
ug{]5 .
-@_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] dxf;lrj, k|ltlglw;efsf] ;lrj / /fli6o;efsf] ;lrjsf] of]Uotf,
sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ tyf ;]jfsf cGo zt{ sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;lrjfno M ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ug{ Ps
;lrjfno /xg]5 . To:tf] ;lrjfnosf] :yfkgf / ;f] ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
kfl/>lds M k|ltlglw;efsf] ;efd'v / pk;efd'v, /fli6o;efsf] cWoIf / pkfWoIf, ;ldltsf
;efklt tyf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:ox?sf] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwf sfg'gf/f lgwf{l/t x'g]5 . To;/L
lgwf{/0f geP;Ddsf] nflu ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

39

!!#=

!!$=

efu(
;+3Lo Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw
ljw]os k|:t't ug]{ ljlw M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} klg ;bgdf
ljw]os k|:t't ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ cy{ ljw]os k|ltlglw;efdf dfq k|:t't ul/g]5 .
-@_ cy{ ljw]os, g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L jf ;z:q k|x/L nufot ;'/Iff lgsfo;Fu
;DalGwt ljw]os ;/sf/L ljw]ossf] ?kdf dfq k|:t't ul/g]5 .
-#_ cy{ ljw]os eGgfn] b]xfodf plNnlvt ;a} jf s'g} ljifo;Fu ;DaGw /fVg]
ljw]osnfO{ hgfpF5 M
-s_
s/ nufpg], p7fpg], vf/]h ug]{, 5"6 lbg], kl/jt{g ug]{ jf s/ k|0ffnLnfO{
Jojl:yt ug]{ ljifo,
-v_
;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]if jf cGo ;+3Lo s'g} ;/sf/L sf]ifsf] ;+/If0f ug]{, To:tf]
sf]ifdf /sd hDdf ug]{ jf To:tf] sf]ifaf6 s'g} /sd ljlgof]hg jf vr{ ug]{ jf
ljlgof]hg jf vr{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] /sd 36fpg], a9fpg] jf vf/]h ug]{ ljifo,
-u_
g]kfn ;/sf/n] C0f k|fKt ug]{ jf hdfgt lbg] ljifo Jojl:yt ug]{ jf g]kfn
;/sf/n] lnPsf] jf lng] cfly{s bfloTj ;DaGwL sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ ljifo,
-3_
;+3Lo ;/sf/L sf]ifdf k|fKt x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf] /fh:j, C0f c;'nLaf6 k|fKt
/sd / cg'bfgsf] /sd lhDdf /fVg], nufgL ug]{ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] n]vfsf]
n]vf k/LIf0f ug]{ ljifo, /
-_
v08 -s_, -v_, -u_ / -3_ ;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw ePsf k|f;+lus ljifox? .
t/ s'g} cg'dltkq b:t'/, lgj]bg b:t'/, gjLs/0f b:t'/ h:tf z'Ns,
b:t'/ nufpg] jf s'g} hl/jfgf jf s}b x'g] Joj:yf ePsf] sf/0fn] dfq s'g}
ljw]os cy{ ljw]os dflgg] 5}g .
-$_ s'g} ljw]os cy{ ljw]os xf] xf]Og eGg] k|Zg p7]df ;efd'vsf] lg0f{o clGtd
x'g]5 .
ljw]os kfl/t ug]{ ljlw M -!_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] Pp6f ;bgn] kfl/t u/]sf] ljw]os oyfzL3| csf]{
;bgdf k7fOg]5 / ;f] ;bgn] kfl/t u/]kl5 k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ul/g]5 .
-@_ k|ltlglw;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] cy{ ljw]os /fli6o;efdf k7fOg]5 . /fli6o;efn] ;f]
ljw]osdf 5nkmn u/L ljw]os k|fKt u/]sf] kGw| lbgleq s'g} ;'emfj eP ;'emfj ;lxt
k|ltlglw;efdf lkmtf{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd ;'emfj ;lxt lkmtf{ cfPsf] ljw]osdf k|ltlglw;efn] 5nkmn
u/L plrt b]v]sf] ;'emfj ;dfj]z u/L k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd cy{ ljw]os k|fKt u/]sf] kGw| lbg;Dddf /fli6o;efn] ;f]
ljw]os lkmtf{ gu/]df k|ltlglw;efn] k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .

40

!!%=
!!^=

-%_ k|ltlglw;efn] kfl/t u/L /fli6o;efdf k7fPsf] cy{ ljw]os afx]s cGo ljw]os
/fli6o;efn] cfkm" ;dIf k|fKt ePsf] b'O{ dxLgfleq kfl/t u/L jf ;'emfj ;lxt lkmtf{ k7fpg'
kg]{5 . pQm ;dofjlwleq /fli6o;efn] ;f] ljw]os lkmtf{ u/]g eg] klg k|ltlglw;efn] tTsfn
sfod /x]sf] ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dt ;b:ox?sf] lg0f{oaf6 ;f] ljw]os k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu
/fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ s'g} ;bgn] kfl/t u/]sf] ljw]os csf]{ ;bgn] c:jLs[t u/]df jf ;+zf]wg ;lxt
kfl/t u/]df ;f] ljw]os pTklQ ePsf] ;bgdf lkmtf{ k7fpg' kg{]5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -^_ cg';f/ /fli6o;efaf6 c:jLs[t eO{ jf ;+zf]wg ;lxt k|ltlglw;efdf
lkmtf{ cfPsf] ljw]os pk/ ljrf/ u/L k|ltlglw;efsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;b:o ;+Vofsf]
ax'dt ;b:ox?n] k|:t't ?kdf jf ;+zf]wg ;lxt k'gM kfl/t u/]df ;f] ljw]os k|df0fLs/0fsf]
nflu /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ul/g]5 .
-*_ pkwf/f -^_ cg';f/ k|ltlglw;efaf6 ;+zf]wg ;lxt /fli6o;efdf lkmtf{ cfPsf]
ljw]os /fli6o;efn] klg ;f] ;+zf]wg ;lxt kfl/t u/]df k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu /fi6klt ;dIf
k]z ul/g]5 .
-(_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljw]os b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm a}7sdf k|:t't ul/g]5 / ;+o'Qm
a}7sn] ljw]osnfO{ k|:t't ?kdf jf ;+zf]wg;lxt kfl/t u/]df ljw]os pTklt ePsf] ;bgn]
k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 M
-s_
/fli6o;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] t/ k|ltlglw ;efn] c:jLsf/ u/]sf], jf
-v_
k|ltlglw;efn] ;+zf]wg ;lxt /fli6o ;efdf lkmtf{ k7fPsf]
t/ /fli6o;ef ;f] ;+zf]wgdf ;xdt x'g g;s]sf] .
-!)_ s'g} ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;bgsf] clwj]zgsf] cGTo eP klg ;f]
ljw]osdfly cfufdL clwj]zgdf sf/afxL x'g ;Sg]5 .
t/ s'g} ljw]os k|ltlglw;efdf k|:t't eO{ ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] jf ;f] ;bgn] kfl/t u/L
/fli6o;efdf k7fPsf] t/ ;f] ;bgdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw;ef lj36g ePdf jf
;f] ;bgsf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt ePdf To:tf] ljw]os lgliqmo ePsf] dflgg]5 .
ljw]os lkmtf{ lng] M ljw]os k|:t'tstf{n] ;bgsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ljw]os lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .
ljw]osdf k|df0fLs/0f M -!_ wf/f !!$ adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ul/g]
ljw]os pTklQ ePsf] ;bgsf] ;efd'v jf cWoIfn]] k|dfl0ft u/L k]z ug'{ kg{]5 .
t/ cy{ ljw]ossf xsdf cy{ ljw]os xf] egL ;efd'vn] k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ o; wf/f adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ePsf] ljw]os kGw|
lbgleq k|df0fLs/0f u/L To;sf] ;"rgf oyf;Dej rfF8f] b'j} ;bgnfO{ lbOg]5 .
-#_ cy{ ljw]os afx]s cGo ljw]ossf] ;DaGwdf k'gM ljrf/ ljdz{ x'g' cfjZos 5
eGg] /fi6kltnfO{ nfu]df lghaf6 ljw]os k]z ePsf] kGw| lbgleq ;Gb]z ;lxt ljw]os pTklQ
ePsf] ;bgdf lkmtf{ k7fpg ;lsg]5 .

41

!!&=

-$_ /fi6kltn] s'g} ljw]os ;Gb]z ;lxt lkmtf{ u/]df To; ljw]osdfly b'j} ;bgn]
k'glj{rf/ u/L ;f] ljw]os k|:t't ?kdf jf ;+zf]wg ;lxt kfl/t eO{ k'gM k]z ePdf To;/L k]z
ePsf] kGw| lbg leq /fi6kltaf6 k|df0fLs/0f ul/g]5 .
-%_ /fi6kltaf6 k|df0fLs/0f ePkl5 ljw]os P]g aGg]5 .
cWofb]z M -!_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgsf] clwj]zg rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s tTsfn s]xL ug{
cfjZos k/]df dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltn] cWofb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ cg';f/ hf/L ePsf] cWofb]z P]g ;/x dfGo x'g]5 .
t/ To:tf] k|To]s cWofb]z
-s_
hf/L ePkl5 a;]sf] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgdf k]z ul/g]5 / b'j} ;bgn]
:jLsf/ gu/]df :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5,
-v_
/fi6kltaf6 h'g;'s} avt vf/]h x'g ;Sg]5, /
-u_
v08 -s_ jf -v_ adf]lhd lgliqmo jf vf/]h gePdf b'j} ;bgsf] a}7s a;]sf]
;f7L lbg kl5 :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;bgx?sf] a}7s cl3kl5 u/L a;]df o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf]
nflu a}7s a;]sf] u0fgf ubf{ h'g ;bgsf] a}7s kl5 a;]sf] 5 ;f] ldltaf6 ul/g]5 .

42

!!*=
!!(=

!@)=

!@!=

efu!)
;+3Lo cfly{s sfo{k|0ffnL
s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg] M -!_ sfg'g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} s/ nufOg] / p7fOg] 5}g .
-@_ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} C0f lng] / hdfgt lbg] 5}g .
;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]if M u'7L /sd afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf /fh:j,
/fh:jsf] lwtf]df lnOPsf ;a} shf{, P]gsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t lbOPsf] h'g;'s} C0f c;'n x'Fbf
k|fKt ePsf] ;a} wg / g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] cGo h'g;'s} /sd P]gf/f csf]{ s'g} Joj:yf
gul/Pdf Ps ;/sf/L sf]ifdf cfDbfgL afFlwg]5 h;nfO{ ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]if elgg]5 .
t/ lghL u'7L afx]s cGo u'7L /sdsf] xsdf sfg'g agfO{ lgoldt ug{ ;lsg]5 .
;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]if jf ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 Joo M b]xfo adf]lhdsf /sd afx]s ;+3Lo
;l~rt sf]if jf cGo s'g} ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 s'g} /sd lemSg ;lsg] 5}g M
-s_
;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ ePsf] /sd,
-v_
ljlgof]hg P]gf/f vr{ x'g] /sd,
-u_
ljlgof]hg ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf k]ZsLsf] kdf P]gf/f vr{ x'g]
/sd, jf
-3_
ljz]if cj:yfdf Joosf] ljj/0f dfq ePsf] pwf/f] vr{ P]gf/f Joo x'g] /sd .
t/ ;+3Lo cfsl:ds sf]ifsf xsdf wf/f !@& adf]lhd x'g]5 .
;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ M b]xfosf ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt vr{ ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/
x'g]5g\ / To:tf] Joosf] nflu ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] :jLs[lt cfjZos kg]{ 5}g M
-s_
/fi6kltsf] vr{{ ;DaGwL P]gf/f Joj:yf ul/Psf] /sd,
-v_
pk/fi6kltsf] vr{ ;DaGwL P]gf/f Joj:yf ul/Psf] /sd,
-u_
k|wfg GofofwLz, ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLz, ;+j}wflgs cbfntsf GofofwLz
/ Gofo kl/ifbsf ;b:onfO{ lbOg] kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf / lgj[lQe/0fsf] /sd,
-3_
k|ltlglw;efsf ;efd'v / pk;efd'v, /fli6o ;efsf cWoIf / pkfWoIfnfO{
lbOg] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfsf]] /sd,
-_
;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v / kbflwsf/LnfO{ lbOg] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfsf /sd,
-r_
k|b]z k|d'vsf] vr{{ ;DaGwL P]gf/f Joj:yf ul/Psf] /sd,
-5_
;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+j}wflgs cbfnt, Gofo kl/ifb / ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf
k|zf;lgs Joo,
-h_
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] bfloTjsf] C0f ;DaGwL Jooef/,
-em_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lj?4 cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf jf cf1lKt cg';f/ ltg'{kg]{
/sd, /
-em_ sfg'gn] ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g] egL lgwf{/0f u/]sf] /sd .

43

!@@=

!@#=
!@$=

!@%=

!@^=

!@&=

/fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{dGqLn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] ;DaGwdf
;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm a}7s ;dIf b]xfosf ljifox ;d]t v'nfO{ jflif{s cg'dfg
k]z ug'{ kg]{]5 M
-s_
/fh:jsf] cg'dfg,
-v_
;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g] cfjZos /sdx, /
-u_
ljlgof]hg P]gf/f Joo x'g] cfjZos /sdx .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd jflif{s cg'dfg k]z ubf{ ut cfly{s jif{df k|To]s dGqfnonfO{
5'6\ofOPsf] vr{sf] /sd / To:tf] vr{ cg';f/sf] nIo xfl;n eof] jf ePg To;sf] ljj/0f klg
;fy} k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{ dGqLn] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg
k|To]s jif{ h]7 dxLgfsf] kGw| ut] ;+3Lo ;+;bdf k]z ug]{5 .
ljlgof]hg P]g M ljlgof]hg P]g cg';f/ Joo x'g] cfjZos /sd zLif{sxdf lglb{i6 u/L
ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf /flvg]5g\ .
k"/s cg'dfg M -!_ s'g} cfly{s jif{df b]xfosf] cj:yf kg{ cfPdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{dGqLn]
k|ltlglw;ef ;dIf k"/s cg'dfg k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
rfn" cfly{s jif{sf lgldQ ljlgof]hg P]gf/f s'g} ;]jfsf] nflu vr{ ug{
clVtof/L lbOPsf] /sd ckof{Kt ePdf jf To; jif{sf] lgldQ ljlgof]hg P]gn]
clVtof/L glbPsf] gofF ;]jfdf vr{ ug{ cfjZos ePdf, jf
-v_
rfn" cfly{s jif{df s'g} ljlgof]hg P]gf/f clVtof/L lbOPsf] /sdeGbf a9L
vr{ x'g uPdf .
-@_ k"/s cg'dfgdf /flvPsf] /sd zLif{sxdf lglb{i6 u/L k"/s ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf
/flvg]5g\ .
k]ZsL vr{ M -!_ o; efudf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljlgof]hg ljw]os ljrf/fwLg
/x]sf] cj:yfdf cfly{s jif{sf] nflu cg'dfg ul/Psf] Joosf] s'g} c+z cufj} k]ZsLsf kdf
P]gf/f vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ wf/f !@@ df ul/Psf] Joj:yf cg';f/ /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg k]z gul/P;Dd
k]ZsL vr{ ljw]os k|:t't ul/g] 5}g / k]ZsLsf] /sd cfly{s jif{sf] Joo cg'dfgsf] t[tLof+z
eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-#_ k]ZsL vr{ P]g cg';f/ vr{ ePsf] /sd ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .
pwf/f] vr{ M o; efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|fs[lts sf/0f jf afx\o
cfqmd0fsf] cfzf jf cfGtl/s ljg jf cGo sf/0fn] ;6sf] cj:yf k/L wf/f !@@ sf]
pkwf/f -!_ cGtu{t rflxg] ljj/0f v'nfpg cJojxfl/s jf /fHosf] ;'/Iff jf lxtsf b[li6n]
cjf~5gLo b]lvPdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{dGqLn] Joosf] ljj/0f dfq ePsf] pwf/f] vr{ ljw]os
k|ltlglw;ef ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
;+3Lo cfsl:ds sf]if M ;+3Lo P]gf/f cfsl:ds sf]ifsf gfdn] Pp6f sf]if :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5
/ To:tf] sf]ifdf ;do ;dodf P]gf/f lgwf{/0f eP cg';f/sf] /sd hDdf ul/g]5 . To:tf] sf]if
44

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf /xg]5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] To:tf] sf]ifaf6 cfsl:ds sfo{sf] nflu
vr{ ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] vr{sf] /sd ;+3Lo P]gf/f oyfzLw| ;f]wegf{ ul/g]5 .
!@*= cfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL P]g M P]gf/f ljlgof]lht /sd Ps zLif{saf6 csf]{ zLif{sdf ;fg]{ /
cfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL cGo ljifox ;+3Lo P]gf/f Jojl:yt x'g]5 .

45

efu!!
Gofokflnsf
!@(= Gofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ cbfntaf6 k|of]u x'g] M -!_ g]kfnsf] Gofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg,
cGo sfg'g / Gofosf dfGo l;4fGt cg';f/ cbfnt tyf Goflos lgsfoaf6 k|of]u ul/g]5 .
-@_ d'2f dfldnfsf] /f]xdf cbfntn] lbPsf] cfb]z jf lg0f{osf] ;a}n] kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 .
!#)= cbfntx M -!_ g]kfndf b]xfo adf]lhdsf cbfntx /xg]5g\ M
-s_
;jf]{Rr cbfnt,
-v_
pRr cbfnt, /
-u_
lhNnf cbfnt .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s sfg'g adf]lhd d'2f x]g{ :yfgLo :t/df Goflos
lgsfo jf ljjfb ;dfwfgsf cGo j}slNks pkfo cjnDag ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo
lgsfo u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!#!= ljlzi6Ls[t cbfnt M -!_ wf/f !#) df n]lvPb]lv afx]s vf; lsl;d / k|s[ltsf d'2fx?sf]
sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ sfg'g adf]lhd cGo ljlzi6Ls[t cbfnt, Goflos lgsfo jf
Gofoflws/0fsf] :yfkgf / u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ s'g} vf; d'2fsf] nflu ljlzi6Ls[t cbfnt, Goflos lgsfo jf Gofoflws/0fsf] u7g
ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ 5 dxLgfeGbf a9L s}b ;hfo x'g] kmf}hbf/L s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f cbfnt jf
ljlzi6Ls[t cbfnt jf ;}lgs cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfo afx]s cGo lgsfosf] If]qflwsf/df kg{]
5}g .
!#@= ;jf]{Rr cbfnt M -!_ g]kfndf Ps ;jf]{Rr cbfnt x'g]5 .
-@_ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt clen]v cbfnt x'g]5 . o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df
afx]s ;a} cbfnt / Goflos lgsfox? ;af]{Rr cbfnt dftxt /xg] 5g . ;+ljwfg / sfg'gsf]
JofVof ug{] clGtd clwsf/ ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] x'g]5 .
-#_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cfgf] / cfgf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ cbfnt jf cGo Goflos
lgsfoxsf] Gofo k|zf;g jf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ljifodf lg/LIf0f, ;'kl/j]If0f u/L cfjZos
lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/, Gofo lgk0fsf] ljifodf To:tf] lgb]{zg lbg] 5}g .
-$_ d'2f dfldnfsf /f]xdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] u/]sf] ;+ljwfg / sfg'gsf] JofVof jf
k|ltkfbg u/]sf] sfg'gL l;2fGt ;a}n] kfngf ug{' kg]{5 . ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] cfgf] jf dftxtsf]
cbfntsf] Gofo;Dkfbgsf] sfo{df s;}n] cj/f]w u/]df jf cfb]z jf k}m;nfsf] cj1f u/]df
sfg'g adf]lhd cjx]ngfdf sf/afxL rnfO{ ;hfo ug{{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf k|wfg GofofwLzsf cltl/Qm a9Ldf rf}w hgf GofofwLz
/xg]5g\ . ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf d'2fsf] rfk a9\g uPdf s]xL ;dosf] nflu pRr cbfntsf d'Vo
GofofwLznfO{ ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf sfddf nufpg ;lsg]5 .

46

!##=

;jf]{Rr cbfntsf k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm / of]Uotf M -!_ ;+j}wflgs
kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzsf] / Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf cGo
GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm /fi6kltaf6 x'g]5 .
-@_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kbdf sDtLdf tLg jif{ sfd u/]sf] JolQm ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo'lQm x'g of]Uo x'g]5 .
-#_ k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kbfjlw 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ sfg'gdf :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/L pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLzsf]
kbdf ;ft jif{ sfd u/]sf] jf sfg'gdf :gfts jl/i7 clwjQmf jf clwjQmfsf] x}l;otdf
sDtLdf kGw| jif{ lg/Gt/ jsfnt u/]sf] jf sDtLdf kGw| jif{;Dd Gofo jf sfg'gsf] If]qdf
lg/Gt/ sfd u/]sf] jf Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fL jf ;f]eGbf dflyNnf] kbdf sDtLdf
afx| jif{ sfd u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo
dflgg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M of] ;+ljwfg nfu" x'g'eGbf klxn] k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf GofofwLz eO{ sfd u/]sf]
cjlwnfO{ of] pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu pRr cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] x}l;otdf sfd u/]sf]
cjlw dflgg]5 .
-%_ k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm ePdf jf s'g} sf/0fn] k|wfg GofofwLz cfgf] kbsf]
sfd ug{ c;dy{ ePdf jf labf a;]sf] jf g]kfnaflx/ uPsf] sf/0fn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;jf]{Rr
cbfntdf pkl:yt gx'g] cj:yf ePdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLzn] sfodd'sfod
k|wfg GofofwLz eO{ sfd ug]{]5 .
!#$= k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;'ljwf M -!_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg
GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzn] sDtLdf kfFr jif{ sfd u/L /fhLgfdf lbPdf jf clgjfo{ cjsfz
k|fKt u/]df jf lghsf] d[To' ePdf sfg'g adf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f kfpg]5 .
-@_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg
GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{ sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg dxfleof]uf/f kbd'Qm
ePsf] jf g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfPsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]
k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLzn] pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] 5}g .
-$_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLznfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L lghsf]
kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{ ablng] 5}gg\ .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>[+vntfsf]] sf/0fn] ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] cj:yfdf
of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
!#%= k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLz kbd'Qm x'g] M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg
GofofwLz jf GofofwLz cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ k|wfg GofofwLzn] /fi6klt ;dIf / ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzn] k|wfg GofofwLz
;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ k}+;L jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePdf,
47

!#^=

!#&=

-u_ wf/f !)% adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf,

-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf]
egL k|wfg GofofwLzsf] xsdf ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb / GofowLzsf] xsdf Gofo kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfPdf, jf
-r_ d[To' ePdf .
-@_ k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf cGo s'g} GofofwLzn] sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj
jf v/fa cfr/0f jf OdfGbf/Lk"j{s cfgf] kbLo st{Josf] kfng gu/]sf] jf cfrf/;+lxtfsf]
uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] sf/0fn] cfgf] kbLo lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ g;s]sf] eGg] cfwf/df
k|ltlglw;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}YffO ;b:on] dxfleof]u
k|:tfj k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . To:tf] k|:tfj k|ltlglw;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o
;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf lgh :jtM kbd'Qm x'g]5 .
t/ To:tf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf cGo GofofwLznfO{ ;kmfO k]z ug]{
df}sfjf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] sf/afxL k|f/De ePkl5 ;f] sf/afxLsf] 6'f]
gnfu];Dd cf/f]k nfu]sf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLzn] cfgf] kbsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ kfpg]
5}g .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd kbd'Qm ePsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLzn] kbdf /xFbf
u/]sf] s;"/df sfg'g adf]lhd sf/afxL ul/g]5 .
-%_ dxfleof]usf] sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL Joj:yf sfg'gf/f lgwf{l/t x'g]5 .
k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} sfddf nufpg gx'g] M -!_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]
k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLznfO{ GofofwLzsf] kbdf afx]s cGo s'g} kbdf sfddf nufOg] jf
sfhdf v6fOg] 5}g .
t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Gofo kl/ifb;Fu k/fdz{ lnO{ ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{
Goflos hfFra'emsf] sfddf jf s]xL vf; cjlwsf] nflu sfg'g jf Gofo ;DaGwL cg';Gwfg jf
cGj]if0fsf] s'g} sfddf v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLz eO;s]sf] JolQm o; ;+ljwfgdf
cGoyf pNn]v ePsf]df afx]s s'g} klg ;/sf/L kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgf/f k|bQ df}lns xs pk/ cg'lrt aGb]h
nufOPsf]] jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] s'g} sfg'g of] ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] x'Fbf ;f] sfg'g jf To;sf]
s'g} efu ab/ 3f]lift u/L kfpFm egL s'g} klg g]kfnL gful/sn] ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg
;Sg]5 / ;f] cg';f/ s'g} sfg'g ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] b]lvPdf ;f] sfg'gnfO{ k|f/Deb]lv g} jf
lg0f{o ePsf] ldltb]lv cdfGo / ab/ 3f]lift ug]{ c;fwf/0f clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ o; ;+ljwfgf/f k|bQ df}lns xssf] k|rngsf] nflu jf csf]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yf
gePsf] jf csf]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yf eP klg ;f] pkrf/ ckof{Kt jf k|efjxLg b]lvPsf] cGo
s'g} sfg'gL xssf] k|rngsf] nflu jf ;fj{hlgs xs jf ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} ljjfbdf ;dfj]z ePsf]
48

s'g} ;+j}wflgs jf sfg'gL k|Zgsf] lgk0fsf] nflu cfjZos / pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L u/L To:tf]
xssf] k|rng u/fpg] jf ljjfb 6'f] nufpg] c;fwf/0f clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 . ;f]
k|of]hgsf] nflu plrt pkrf/ k|bfg ug{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, k/dfb]z, pTk|]if0f,
k|ltif]w, clwsf/k[R5f nufot h'g;'s} pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ clwsf/ If]qsf] cefj ePsf]df afx]s ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] cfGtl/s sfo{ / ;+;bLo
;+;bn] rnfPsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf] sf/afxL / tT;DaGwdf tf]s]sf] ;hfodf o; pkwf/f cGtu{t
;jf]{Rr cbfntn] x:tIf]k ug]{ 5}g .
-#_ pRr cbfntn] z' sf/afxL / lsgf/f u/]sf] d'2fsf] k'g/fj]bg / ;+ljwfg /
sfg'gsf] JofVof ;DaGwL k|Zg ;dfj]z ePsf] ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ljifo jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6
lg0f{o x'g' pko'Qm 5 egL pRr cbfntn] cfgf] /fo ;lxt l;kmfl/; u/]sf] d'2fsf] lg?k0f
;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 x'g]5 .
-$_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd z'? d'2f x]g]{, k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg], cfkm\gf] km};nf
jf clGtd cfb]zsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{, ;fws hfFRg], d'2f bf]xofpg], jf lgj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/
x'g]5 .
!#*= d'2f ;fg{ ;Sg] M -!_ ;f/e"t kdf ;dfg k|Zg ;dfj]z ePsf] d'2f ;jf]{Rr cbfnt / pRr
cbfntxdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] k|Zg ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] xf] eGg] ;jf]{Rr
cbfntnfO{ nfu]df jf dxfGofoflwjQmf jf d'2fsf kIfsf] lgj]bgaf6 b]lvPdf To:tf d'2f lemsfO{
;fy} /fvL k}m;nf ug]{ clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ s'g} pRr cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] d'2fdf ;'g'jfO{ x'Fbf Goflos lgikIftfdf k|Zg
p7\g] ljz]if kl/l:ylt b]lvPdf sf/0f / cfwf/ v'nfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd Ps pRr cbfntaf6 csf]{
pRr cbfntdf To:tf] d'2f ;f/L ;'g'jfO{ ug{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
!#(= ax; k}/jL ug{ gkfpg] M ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLz, ;+j}wflgs
cbfntsf] GofofwLzn] ;]jflgj[Q ePkl5 s'g} klg cf cbfntdf ax; k}/jL, d]nldnfk jf
dWo:ytfsf] Joj;fo ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
!$)= k|wfg GofofwLzsf] lhDd]jf/L M ;jf]{Rr cbfnt / ;f]sf] If]qflwsf/ leq kg]{ cbfnt jf cGo
Goflos lgsfoxsf] Gofo k|zf;gnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] clGtd lhDd]jf/L k|wfg GofofwLzsf]
x'g]5 .
!$!= ;+j}wflgs cbfnt M -!_ g]kfndf Ps ;+j}wflgs cbfnt /xg]5 .
-@_ ;+j}wflgs cbfntsf] u7g b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_
k|wfg GofofwLz
cWoIf
-v_
;jf{]Rr cbfntsf jl/i7td GofofwLz b'O{hgf
;b:o
-u_
;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz x'g of]Uotf
k'u]sf / sfg'gdf :gftsf]Q/ pkflw k|fKt u/]sf
JolQmx? dWo]af6 Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltaf6
lgo'Qm b'O{ hgf
;b:o

49

-#_ ;+j}wflgs cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M

-s_ ;+3 / k|b]z, k|b]z / k|b]z, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx Pj+ :yfgLo tx
aLrsf] clwsf/ If]qsf] af/]df ePsf] ljjfb lg?k0f ug]{],
-v_ ;+3Lo ;+;b jf k|b]z ;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ljjfb / ;+3Lo
;+;bsf ;b:o jf k|b]z ;efsf ;b:osf] cof]Uotf ;DaGwL k|Zgsf]
lg?k0f ug]{ .
-$_ ;+j}wflgs cbfntsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
-%_ ;+j}wflgs cbfnt of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] bz jif{;Dd sfod /xg]5 . ;f] cjlw
kl5 ;+j}wflgs cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg d'2f tyf clen]v ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf ;g{]5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -@_ v08 -u_ adf]lhd lgo'lQm x'g] ;b:osf] ;]jf, ;''ljwf / zt{ ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x x''g]5 .
-&_ ;+j}wflgs cbfnt ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!$@= jflif{s k|ltj]bg M -!_ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+j}wflgs cbfnt, Gofo kl/ifb / ;+3Lo Gofo ;]jf
cfof]un] k|To]s jif{ cfkm\gf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 / /fi6kltn] To:tf]
k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t ;+3Lo ;+;b ;dIf k]z ug{]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k|:t't ePsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg dfly 5nkmn x'Fbf ;+3Lo
;+;baf6 ;'emfj lbg cfjZos b]lvPdf g]kfn ;/sf/, sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqfno dfk{mt To:tf]
;'emfj ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ lbg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
!$#= pRr cbfnt M -!_ k|To]s k|b]zdf Ps pRr cbfnt /xg]5 .
-@_ pRr cbfntn] cfgf] / cfgf dftxtsf cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfoxaf6 x'g]
Gofo;Dkfbgsf] sfo{df cj/f]w u/]df jf cfb]z jf k}m;nfsf] cj1f u/]df sfg'g adf]lhd
cjx]ngfdf sf/afxL rnfO{ ;hfo ug{{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ k|To]s pRr cbfntdf d'Vo GofofwLzsf cltl/Qm ;+3Lo sfg'gdf Joj:yf eP
adf]lhdsf] ;+Vofdf GofofwLzx /xg]5g\ .
!$$= pRr cbfntsf d'Vo GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm / of]Uotf M -!_ pRr cbfntsf d'Vo
GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzaf6 x'g]5 .
-@_ sfg'gdf :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/L lhNnf GofofwLzsf] kbdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{ sfd
u/]sf] jf sfg'gdf :gfts jl/i7 clwjQmf jf clwjQmfsf] kdf sDtLdf bz jif{ lg/Gt/
jsfnt u/]sf] jf sDtLdf bz jif{ sfg'gsf] cWofkg, cGj]if0f jf sfg'g jf Gofo ;DaGwL cGo
s'g} If]qdf lg/Gt/ sfd u/]sf] jf Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] kbdf sDtLdf kfFr
jif{ sfd u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz tyf GofofwLz kbdf lgo'lQmsf]
nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .
-#_ pRr cbfntsf d'Vo GofofwLz / GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm ubf{ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd
of]Uotf k''u]sf JolQmx?dWo]af6 lhNnf GofofwLzsf] xsdf lghn] jflif{s ?kdf km};nf u/]sf]
50

d'2fsf] cg'kft / dflyNnf] cbfntdf clGtd lg0f{o x'Fbf d'2f ;b/ ePsf] jf plN6Psf]] cj:yf
;d]tsf] cfwf/ / cGosf] xsdf sfg'g adf]lhd k/LIf0f / d""Nofs+gsf] cfwf/df lgo'lQm
ul/g]5 .
-$_ d'Vo GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm ePdf jf c? s'g} sf/0fn] d'Vo GofofwLz cfgf] kbsf]
sfd ug{ c;dy{ ePdf jf labf a;]sf] jf k|b]z aflx/ uPsf] sf/0fn] d'Vo GofofwLz pRr
cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g ;Sg] cj:yf g/x]df pRr cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLzn]
sfodd'sfod d'Vo GofofwLz eO{ sfd ug]{]5 .
!$%= d'Vo GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;'ljwf M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf Joj:yf
ul/Psf]df afx]s pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo
zt{ sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Gofo kl/ifbaf6 sf/jfxL eO{
kbd'Qm ePsf] jf g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfO{ kbd'Qm ePsf]
pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzn] pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] 5}g .
t/ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{
/x]sf] egL Gofo kl/ifbn] kbd'Qm u/]sf] cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-#_ pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLznfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L lghsf] kfl/>lds
/ ;]jfsf cGo zt{ ablng] 5}gg\ .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf] cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
!$^= d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLz kbd'Qm x'g] M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo
GofofwLz jf GofofwLz cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 M
-s_
k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
pd]/ lq;L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
-u_
sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj, v/fa cfr/0f, ablgotk"j{s sfdsf/afxL /
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] uDeL/ pNn+3gsf] cfwf/df Gofo kl/ifbn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-3_
zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{
/x]sf] egL Gofo kl/ifbn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-_
g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfPdf, jf
-r_
d[To' ePdf .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd kbd'Qm ug'{ cl3 cf/f]k nfu]sf] GofofwLznfO{
cfkmgf] ;kmfO k]z ug{ d'gfl;a df}sf lbg' kg]{5 . To;/L sf/jfxL k|f/De ePsf] GofofwLzn]
sf/jfxLsf] 6'+uf] gnfu];Dd cfkmgf] kbsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-#_ kbd'Qm ePsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLzn] kbdf /xFbf u/]sf] s;"/df sfg'g
adf]lhd cg';Gwfg tyf cleof]hg x'g ;Sg]5 .
!$&= d'Vo GofofwLz tyf GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} sfddf nufpg gx'g] / ;?jf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
-!_ pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLznfO{ GofofwLzsf] kbdf afx]s cGo s'g} kbdf
51

!$*=

!$(=

!%)=

!%!=

!%@=

sfddf nufOg] jf sfhdf v6fOg] 5}g .

t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Gofo kl/ifb;Fu k/fdz{ lnO{ pRr cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ Goflos
hfFra'emsf] sfddf jf s]xL vf; cjlwsf] nflu sfg'g jf Gofo ;DaGwL cg';Gwfg, cGj]if0f jf
/fli6o ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} sfddf v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzn] pRr cbfntsf GofofwLznfO{ Ps
pRr cbfntsf] GofofwLzaf6 csf]{ pRr cbfntsf] GofofwLzdf ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
pRr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgf/f k|bQ df}lns xssf] k|rngsf] nflu jf
csf]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yf gePsf] jf csf]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yf eP klg ;f] pkrf/ ckof{Kt jf
k|efjxLg b]lvPsf] cGo s'g} sfg'gL xssf] k|rngsf] nflu jf ;fj{hlgs xs jf ;/f]sf/sf] s'g}
ljjfbdf ;dfj]z ePsf] s'g} sfg'gL k|Zgsf] lgk0fsf] nflu cfgf] k|fb]lzs If]qflwsf/leq
/x]sf ;/sf/, kbflwsf/L, lgsfo jf JolQmsf gfpFdf cfjZos / pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug]{
clwsf/ pRr cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu pRr cbfntn] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, k/dfb]z, pTk|]if0f,
k|ltif]w, clwsf/k[R5f nufot h'g;'s} pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ clwsf/ If]qsf] cefj ePsf]df afx]s k|b]z ;efn] rnfPsf] cfGtl/s sfo{ /
ljz]ifflwsf/sf] sf/afxL / tT;DaGwdf tf]s]sf] ;hfodf o; pkwf/f cGtu{t pRr cbfntn]
x:tIf]k ug]{ 5}g .
-$_ pRr cbfntnfO{ sfg'gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd z' d'2f x]g]{, k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] /
;fws hfFRg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-%_ pRr cbfntsf] cGo clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
d'2f ;fg{ ;Sg] M -!_ pRr cbfntn] cfgf] If]qflwsf/leqsf dftxt cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg
/x]sf d'2fdf k|fb]lzs sfg'g ;DaGwL k|Zg ;dfj]z 5 / pQm d'2fsf] lg0f{o ug{ ;f] k|Zgsf]
lg/fs/0f x'g' clgjfo{ 5 eGg] nfu]df To:tf d'2fx dftxt cbfntaf6 lemsfO{ d'2fsf] k"/}
lg0f{o ug{ jf To:tf] k|Zgdf dfq lg0f{o u/]/ d'2f z' cbfntdf lkmtf{ k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ Goflos lgikIftfdf k|Zg p7\g] ljz]if kl/l:ylt b]lvPdf sf/0f / cfwf/ v'nfO{
sfg'g adf]lhd cfgf] If]qflwsf/leqsf Ps lhNnfaf6 csf]{ lhNnf cbfntdf To:tf] d'2f ;f/L
;'g'jfO{ ug{ pRr cbfntn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
ax; k}/jL ug{ kfpg] M pRr cbfntsf] GofofwLz eO{ ;]jflgj[Q ePsf] JolQmn] cfk"mn]
GofofwLzsf] x}l;otdf ;]jf u/]sf pRr cbfnt / dftxtsf cbfnt afx]s cGo pRr cbfnt
/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf pkl:yt eO{ ax; k}/jL ug{ kfpg] 5 .
d'Vo GofofwLzsf] lhDd]jf/L M pRr cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/ leqsf] Gofo k|zf;gnfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg] clGtd lhDd]jf/L d'Vo GofofwLzsf] x'g]5 / ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu lghn] o; ;+ljwfg
tyf cGo sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL pRr cbfnt, dftxtsf cbfnt tyf Goflos lgsfoxnfO{
cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
lhNnf cbfnt M -!_ k|To]s lhNnfdf Ps lhNnf cbfnt x'g]5 .
-@_ k|fb]lzs sfg'g adf]lhd :yflkt :yfgLo :t/sf Goflos lgsfo lhNnf cbfntsf
52

dftxtdf x'g]5g\ . lhNnf cbfntn] cfgf] dftxtsf Goflos lgsfox?sf] lg/LIf0f Pj+
;'kl/j]If0f ug{ / cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
!%#= lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm, of]Uotf tyf kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{ M -!_ lhNnf
cbfntsf GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzaf6 x'g]5 .
-@_ sfg'gdf :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/L Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbdf
cf7 jif{ jf ltLo >]0fLsf] kbdf sDtLdf tLg jif{ sfd u/]sf] jf sfg'gdf :gfts pkflw k|fKt
clwjQmfsf] kdf lg/Gt/ sDtLdf cf7 jif{ jsfnt u/]sf] jf sfg'gsf] cWofkg, cGj]if0f jf
sfg'g jf Gofo ;DaGwL cGo s'g} If]qdf lg/Gt/ cf7 jif{ sfd u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s lhNnf
cbfntsf] GofofwLz kbsf] nflu x'g] k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] pDd]bjf/ x'g of]Uo x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf ePsf JolQmx? dWo]af6 sfg'g adf]lhd lnlvt /
df}lvs k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff lnO{ Gofo ;]jf cfof]un] lhNnf GofofwLzdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu
Gofo kl/ifbnfO{ of]Uotfqmd adf]lhd l;kmfl/; ug{]5 .
-$_ lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{ sfg'g adf]lhd
x'g]5g\ .
-%_ lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L lghsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo
zt{ ablng] 5|}gg\ .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf] cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-^_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLz cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
pd]/ lq;L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
-u_
sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj, v/fa cfr/0f, ablgotk"j{s sfd sf/jfxL u/]sf] /
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] cfwf/df Gofo kl/ifbn] ;]jfaf6 kbd'Qm
u/]df,
-3_
zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{
/x]sf] egL Gofo kl/ifbn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-_
g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfPdf, jf
-r_
d[To' ePdf .
-&_ pkwf/f -^_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd kbd'Qm ug'{ cl3 cf/f]k nfu]sf] GofofwLznfO{
cfkm\gf] ;kmfO k]z ug{ d'gfl;a df}sf lbg' kg]{5 . To;/L sf/jfxL k|f/De ePsf] GofofwLzn]
sf/jfxLsf] 6'+uf] gnfu];Dd cfkm\gf] kbsf] sfo{;Dkfbg ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-*_ kbd'Qm ePsf] GofofwLzn] kbdf /xFbf u/]sf] s;"/df sfg'g adf]lhd cg';Gwfg
tyf cleof]hg x'g ;Sg]5 .
!%$= lhNnf GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} sfddf nufpg gx'g] / ;?jf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ lhNnf
cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ GofofwLzsf] kbdf afx]s cGo s'g} kbdf sfddf nufOg] jf sfhdf
v6fOg] 5}g .
53

t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Gofo kl/ifb;Fu k/fdz{ lnO{ lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{

Goflos hfFra'emsf] sfddf jf s]xL vf; cjlwsf] nflu sfg'g jf Gofo ;DaGwL cg';Gwfg jf
cGj]if0f tyf lgjf{rg ;DaGwL sfddf v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzn] lhNnf cbfntsf GofofwLznfO{ Ps
cbfntaf6 csf]{ cbfntsf] GofofwLzdf ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!%%= lhNnf cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q M -!_ lhNnf cbfntnfO{ sfg'gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s
cfgf] If]qflwsf/leqsf ;Dk"0f{ d'2fsf] z' sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug]{, jGbL k|ToIfLs/0f lgif]wf1f
nufot sfg''g adf]lhdsf lgj]bg x]g]{, cw{Goflos lgsfon] u/]sf] lg0f{o pk/ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg],
k|b]zsf] sfg'g adf]lhd ul7t :yfgLo:t/sf Goflos lgsfon] u/]sf] lg0f{o pk/ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
tyf cfk"m / cfgf] dftxtsf cbfntxsf] Gofo ;Dkfbgsf] sfo{df cj/f]w u/]df jf cfb]z jf
k}m;nfsf] cj1f u/]df sfg'g adf]lhd cjx]ngfdf sf/jfxL / ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-@_ lhNnf cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q / sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
!%^= Gofo kl/ifb M -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm, ;?jf, cg'zf;g ;DaGwL
sf/jfxL, avf{;L / Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL cGo ljifosf] l;kmfl/; ug{ jf k/fdz{ lbg Pp6f
Gofo kl/ifb /xg]5, h;df b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox /xg]5g\ M
-s_
k|wfg GofofwLz
cWoIf
-v_
;+3Lo sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqL
;b:o
-u_
;jf]{Rr cbfntsf jl/i7td\ GofofwLz Ps hgf
;b:o
-3_
/fi6kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df lgo'Qm u/]sf]
Ps hgf sfg'gljb\
;b:o
-_
g]kfn af/ P;f]l;Pzgsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltf/f lgo'Qm
sDtLdf aL; jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt jl/i7 clwjQmf jf clwjQmf ;b:o
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -3_ / -_ adf]lhdsf] ;b:osf] kbfjlw rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 /
lghsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] ;/x x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -3_ / -_ adf]lhdsf] ;b:onfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz
;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg t/Lsfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ Gofo kl/ifbsf] cWoIf tyf ;b:on] s'g} GofofwLzsf] ;DaGwdf kg{ cfPsf]
ph'/L;Fu ;Da4 d'2fsf] cWoog u/L Gofo kl/ifbdf To;sf] k|ltj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ s'g} GofofwLzsf] ljifodf kg{ cfPsf] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf k|f/lDes 5fgaLg u/fpFbf
ljz]if1af6 lj:t[t 5fgaLg ug'{ kg{] b]lvPdf Gofo kl/ifbn] hfFra'em ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ Gofo kl/ifbn] o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz /
GofofwLz, ;+j}wflgs cbfntsf GofofwLz, pRr cbfntsf d'Vo GofofwLz / GofofwLzsf]
kbdf lgo'Qm x'g of]Uotf k'Ug] JolQmx?sf] cBfjlws clen]v tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ Gofo kl/ifbsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

54

!%&=

;+3Lo Gofo ;]jf cfof]u M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] sfg'g adf]lhd ;+3Lo Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflt
kbdf lgo'lQm, ;?jf, a9'jf ubf{ jf To:tf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo
ubf{ ;+3Lo Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd ug]{5 .
t/, ;+3Lo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf axfn g/x]sf] JolQmnfO{ ;+3Lo Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflt
kbdf gofF egf{f/f :yfoL lgo'lQm ubf{ jf ;+3Lo Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkq cglt kbaf6 ;f]xL
;]jfsf] /fhkqflt kbdf a9'jf ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;
adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflt kbdf lgo'lQm ubf{ lnOg]
v'nf / cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] lng]5 .
-@_ ;+3Lo Gofo ;]jf cfof]udf b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox x'g]5g\ M
-s_
;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz
cWoIf
-v_
;+3Lo sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqL
;b:o
-u_
;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLz
;b:o
-3_
;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf
;b:o
-_
dxfGofoflwjQmf
;b:o
-#_ ;+3Lo Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / sfo{ljlw sfg'g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
!%*= ;]jfsf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M ;+3Lo Gofo ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf
tyf ;]jfsf zt{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!%(= k|b]z :t/Lo Gofo ;]jf cfof]u ;DaGwL Joj:yf M k|b]zdf Gofo ;]jfsf] u7g / To;sf
sd{rf/Lx?sf] kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf tyf ;]jfsf zt{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

55

!^)=

efu!@
k|fb]lzs sfo{kflnsf
k|fb]lzs sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sf] k|of]u M -!_ ;+ljwfg / sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL k|b]zsf]
sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ k|b]zsf] dlGqkl/ifbdf lglxt /xg]5 .
t/ ;+s6sfn jf ;+3Lo zf;g nfu" eO{ k|fb]lzs sfo{sfl/0fL sfod g/x]df k|b]z
k|d'vn] k|b]zsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug]{5 .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL k|b]zsf] zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;fdfGo
lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f / ;~rfng ug]{ cleef/f k|fb]lzs dlGqkl/ifbdf /xg]5 .
-#_ k|b]zsf] sfo{sfl/0fL sfo{x k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf gfddf x'g]5g\ .
-$_ k|fb]lzs sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL cg';"rL%
adf]lhdsf] k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL / cg';"rL^ adf]lhdsf] ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf
clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
t/ ;femf ;"rLdf plNnlvt ljifosf ;DaGwdf k|fb]lzs dlGqkl/ifbn] sfo{sfl/0fL
clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu ;dGjodf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf] gfddf x'g] lg0f{o jf cfb]z / tT;DaGwL
clwsf/kqsf] k|df0fLs/0f k|fb]lzs sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

!^!=

k|b]z k|d'v ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|To]s k|b]zdf ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwsf] kdf k|b]z
k|d'v /xg]5 .
-@_ /fi6kltn] k|To]s k|b]zsf] nflu Ps k|b]z k|d'v lgo'lQm ug]{5 .
-#_ /fi6kltn]] kbfjlw ;dfKt x'g'eGbf cufj} lghnfO{ kbd'Qm u/]df afx]s k|b]z
k|d'vsf] kbfjlw kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ Pp6} JolQm Ps k6seGbf a9L Ps} k|b]zdf k|b]z k|d'v x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
!^@= k|b]z k|d'vsf] of]Uotf M b]xfosf] of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf] JolQm k|b]z k|d'v x'gsf] nflu of]Uo
x'g]5 M
-s_
k}+tL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf],
-v_
;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o x'g of]Uo, /
-u_
s'g} sfg'gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .
!^#= k|b]z k|d'vsf] kb l/Qm x'g] cj:yf M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf k|b]z k|d'vsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
/fi6klt ;dIf /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf jf ;f] cufj} /fi6kltn] lghnfO{ kbd'Qm u/]df, jf
-u_
d[To' ePdf .
-@_ s'g} k|b]zsf] k|b]z k|d'vsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf k|b]z k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm
geP;Ddsf] nflu /fi6kltn] csf]{ s'g} k|b]zsf] k|b]z k|d'vnfO{ sfdsfh ug]{ u/L tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .

56

!^$=

!^%=
!^^=

k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo
adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_
k|b]z ;efsf] clwj]zg cfXjfg / cGTo ug]{,
-v_
k|b]z ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf ljw]osdf k|df0fLs/0f ug]{,
-u_
;+ljwfg tyf sfg'g adf]lhd lgo'lQm ug'{kg]{ ;DalGwt k|b]zsf ljleGg
kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'lQm ug]{,
-3_
k|fb]lzs txsf] k'/:sf/, dfgkbjL, cn+sf/ / kbsx k|bfg ug]{,
-_
k|fb]lzs sfg'g adf]lhd ;DalGwt pRr cbfnt / dftxtsf
cbfntaf6 ePsf] ;hfonfO{ dfkmL, d'NtaL jf sd ug]{ .
-@_ k|b]z k|d'vn] of] ;+ljwfg / sfg'g adf]lhd s'g} lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Lsf]
l;kmfl/;df ug]{ egL ls6fgL;fy Joj:yf ePsf] sfo{ afx]s k|b]z k|d'vaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g]
;a} sfo{ k|fb]lzs dlGqkl/ifbsf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddltaf6 x'g]5 . To:tf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddlt
d'VodGqL dfkm{t k]z x'g]5 .
k|b]z k|d'vsf] zky M k|b]z k|d'vn] /fi6klt ;dIf sfg'g adf]lhd cfgf] kb tyf
uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng]5 .
k|fb]lzs dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g M -!_ k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efdf ax'dt k|fKt ;+;bLo bnsf]
g]tfnfO{ d'VodGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 / lghsf] cWoIftfdf k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7g x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|b]z ;efdf s'g} klg bnsf] :ki6 ax'dt
g/x]sf] cj:yfdf k|b]z ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L bnx?sf] ;dy{gdf
ax'dt k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:onfO{ k|b]zk|d'vn] d'VodGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
-#_ k|b]z ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq
pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd d'VodGqL lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg] cj:yf gePdf jf To;/L lgo'Qm d'VodGqLn]
pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efdf ;a}eGbf
a9L ;b:ox ePsf] ;+;bLo bnsf] g]tfnfO{ d'VodGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm d'VodGqLn] cfkm" lgo'Qm ePsf] tL; lbgleq
k|b]z ;efaf6 ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm d'VodGqLn] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd ljZjf;sf] dt
k|fKt ug{ g;s]df pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} ;b:on] k|b]z ;efdf ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{
;Sg] cj:yf ePdf k|b]z k|d'vn] To:tf] ;b:onfO{ d'VodGqL lgo'Qm ug{]5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm d'VodGqLn] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd ljZjf;sf] dt
k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -#_ jf -%_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm d'VodGqLn] pkwf/f -$_ jf -^_ adf]lhd
ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df jf pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd d'VodGqL lgo'Qm x'g g;s]df k|b]z
k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efnfO{ lj36g u/L 5 dlxgfleq csf]{ lgjf{rg ;DkGg x'g] u/L ldlt tf]Sg]5 .

57

-*_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd k|b]z ;efsf] nflu ePsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd
3f]if0ff ePsf] jf d'VodGqLsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq o; wf/f adf]lhd
d'VodGqL lgo'lQm ;DaGwL k|lqmof ;DkGg ug'{ kg{]5 .
-(_ k|b]z k|d'vn] d'VodGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df k|b]z ;efsf ;b:odWo]af6 ;dfj]zL
l;2fGt adf]lhd d'VodGqL ;lxt k|b]z ;efsf s'n ;b:o ;+Vofsf] aL; k|ltzt eGbf a9L
gx'g] u/L] k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb\ u7g ug]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu dGqL eGgfn] dGqL, /fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqL
;Demg' k5{ .
-!)_ d'VodGqL / dGqL ;fd"lxskdf k|b]z ;ef k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]5g\ / dGqLx
cfgf] dGqfnosf] sfdsf nflu JolQmut kdf d'VodGqL / k|b]z ;efk|lt pQ/bfoL
x'g]5g\ .
!^&= d'VodGqL tyf dGqL kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yf M -!_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf d'VodGqL cfgf] kbaf6
d'Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
wf/f !*& adf]lhd lghsf] lj4 cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf jf
ljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t x'g g;s]df,
-u_
k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:o g/x]df, jf
-3_
lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-@_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf dGqL, /fHodGqL jf ;xfos dGqL cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
d'VodGqL ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
d'VodGqLn] lghnfO{ kbd'Qm u/]df,
-u_
pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd d'VodGqL cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm ePdf, jf
-3_
lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd d'VodGqL cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm eP tfklg csf]{ k|fb]lzs
dlGqkl/ifb u7g geP;Dd ;f]xL dlGqkl/ifbn] sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{5 .
t/ d'VodGqLsf] d[To' ePdf gofF d'VodGqL lgo'lQm geP;Ddsf] nflu jl/i7td dGqLn]
d'VodGqLsf] kdf sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{5 .
!^*= k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:o gePsf] JolQm dGqL, /fHodGqL jf ;xfos dGqL x'g] M -!_ wf/f !^^ df
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|b]z ;ef k|d'vn] d'VodGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df k|b]z ;efsf]
;b:o gePsf] s'g} JolQmnfO{ dGqL, /fHodGqL jf ;xfos dGqL kbdf lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm dGqL, /fHodGqL jf ;xfos dGqLn] zkyu|x0f u/]sf]
ldltn] 5 dxLgfleq k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{ g;s]df
tTsfn sfod /x]sf] k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{sfne/ lgh dGqL, /fHodGqL jf ;xfos dGqL kbdf
k'gM lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g] 5}g .

58

-$_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg tTsfn sfod /x]sf] k|b]z
;efsf] lgjf{rgdf k/flht ePsf] JolQm ;f] k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{sfne/ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd
dGqL, /fHodGqL jf ;xfos dGqL kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g] 5}g .
!^(= d'VodGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqLsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf M d'VodGqL, dGqL,
/fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqLsf] kfl/>lds / cGo ;'ljwf P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 . To:tf] P]gf/f
lgwf{/0f geP;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!&)= zky M d'VodGqL / dGqLn] k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf tyf /fHodGqL / ;xfos dGqLn] d'VodGqL ;dIf
sfg'g adf]lhd cfgf] kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 .
!&!= k|b]z k|d'vnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] M d'VodGqLn] b]xfosf ljifoxdf k|b]z k|d'vnfO{ hfgsf/L
u/fpg]5 M
-s_
k|fb]lzs dlGqkl/ifbsf lg0f{o,
-v_
k|b]z ;efdf k]z ul/g] ljw]os,
-u_
v08 -s_ / -v_ df plNnlvt ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf k|b]z k|d'vn]
hfgsf/L dfu]sf] cGo cfjZos ljifo, /
-3_
k|b]zsf] ;d;fdlos kl/l:ylt .
!&@= k|b]z ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;~rfng M -!_ k|b]z ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t lgodfjnL adf]lhd k|b]z
;/sf/sf] sfo{ ljefhg / sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ cGtu{tsf] lgodfjnLsf] kfngf eof] jf ePg eGg] k|Zg s'g} cbfntdf
p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .

59

efu!#
k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksf
!&#= k|b]z ;efsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ M o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL k|b]zsf] Joj:yflksLo
clwsf/ k|b]z ;efdf lglxt /xg]5 . k|b]z ;efsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ cg';"rL%
adf]lhdsf] k|b]z ;"rL / cg';"rL^ adf]lhdsf] ;femf ;"rLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!&$= k|b]z Joj:yflksf M k|b]zsf] Joj:yflksf Ps ;bgfTds x'g]5, h;nfO{ k|b]z ;ef elgg]5 .
!&%= k|b]z ;efsf] u7g M -!_ k|To]s k|b]z ;efdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;+Vofdf ;b:o /xg] 5g\ M
-s_
;DalGwt k|b]zaf6 k|ltlglw;efdf klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL
cg';f/ lgjf{lrt x'g] ;b:o ;+Vofsf] bf]Aa/ ;+Vofdf x'g cfpg] ;b:o,
-v_
v08 -s_ adf]lhd sfod x'g] ;b:o ;+VofnfO{ ;f7L k|ltzt dfgL afFsL
rfnL; k|ltztn] x'g cfpg] ;b:o ;+Vofdf ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLaf6
lgjf{lrt x'g] ;b:o .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;b:o lgjf{rgsf] nflu e"uf]n / hg;+Vofsf]
cfwf/df sfg'g adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q sfod ul/g]5 .
-#_ k|b]z ;efsf ;f7L k|ltzt ;b:ox? klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL
cg';f/ / rfnL; k|ltzt ;b:ox? ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cg';f/ sfg'g adf]lhd aflnu
dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df uf]Ko dtbfgf/f lgjf{lrt x'g]5g\ .
-$_ ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd x'g] k|b]z ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu
/fhgLlts bnn] pDd]bjf/L lb+bf e"uf]n / hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L,
cflbjf;L hghflt, v; cfo{, dw];L, yf?, d'l:nd, lk5l8Psf] If]q, cNk;+Vos ;d'bfo
;d]taf6 aGb ;"rLsf cfwf/df k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M v; cfo{ eGgfn] If]qL, a|fDx0f, 7s'/L, ;Gof;L -bzgfdL_ ;d'bfo ;Demg' k5{ .
-%_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|b]z;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{
k|To]s /fhgLlts bnaf6 lgjf{lrt s'n ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf Ps ltxfO ;b:o dlxnf x'g'
kg]{5 . To;/L lgjf{lrt ubf{ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd lgjf{lrt ;b:ox? dWo] s'g}
/fhgLlts bnsf] Ps ltxfO{ ;b:o dlxnf lgjf{lrt gePdf To:tf] /fhgLlts bnn] ;f]xL
pkwf/fsf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;b:o lgjf{lrt ubf{ cfkm\gf] bnaf6 k|b]z ;edf lgjf{lrt x'g]
s'n ;b:osf] sDtLdf Ps ltxfO{ dlxnf ;b:o x'g] u/L lgjf{lrt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] k|b]zsf] If]qleq a;f]af; ug]{ g]kfnL gful/snfO{
sfg'gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd s'g} Ps lgjf{rg If]qdf dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-&_ k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:osf] nflu lgjf{rgdf dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ kfPsf] s'g} klg JolQm
sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL k|b]zsf] s'g} klg lgjf{rg If]qaf6 pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg]5 .
-*_ k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{sfn 5 dxLgf eGbf a9L cjlw afFsL 5Fb} s'g} ;b:osf] :yfg
l/Qm ePdf pQm l/Qm :yfgsf] k"lt{ pklgjf{rgf/f ul/g]5 .
-(_ k|b]z ;efsf] lgjf{rg / tT;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

60

!&^=

k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{sfn M o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd cufj} lj36g ePdf afx]s k|b]z ;efsf]
sfo{sfn kfFr jif{ x'g]5 .
t/ ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff nfu" ePsf] cj:yfdf Ps jif{df ga9\g] u/L k|fb]lzs
P]gf/f k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{sfn a9fpg ;lsg]5 . To;/L yk ul/Psf] k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{sfn
;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff vf/]h ePsf] ldltn] 5 dxLgf k'u]kl5 :jtM ;dfKt x'g]5 .
!&&= k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:osf nflu of]Uotf M b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf] JolQm k|b]z ;efsf]]
;b:o x'g of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_
g]kfnL gful/s,
-v_
;DalGwt k|b]zsf] dtbftf /x]sf],
-u_
kRrL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf]],
-3_
g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L s;"/df ;hfo gkfPsf],
-_
s'g} sfg'gn] cof]Uo gePsf], /
-r_
s'g} nfesf] kb wf/0f gu/]sf] .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu nfesf] kb eGgfn] lgjf{rg jf
dgf]gogf/f k"lt{ ul/g] /fhgLlts kb afx]s ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 kfl/>lds jf cfly{s
;'ljwf kfpg] cGo kb ;Demg' k5{ .
!&*= k|b]z ;efsf ;b:osf] zky M k|b]z ;efsf ;b:ox?n] ;ef jf To;sf] s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf
klxnf] k6s efu lng' cl3 sfg'g adf]lhd zky lng' kg]{5 .
!&(= k|b]z ;ef ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm x'g] M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf k|b]z ;efsf ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm
x'g]5 M
-s_
k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'v ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
wf/f !&& adf]lhd of]Uotf gePdf jf g/x]df,
-u_
k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt ePdf jf lj36g ePdf,
-3_
k|b]z ;efnfO{ ;"rgf glbO{ nuftf/ bz j6f a}7sdf cg'kl:yt /x]df,
-_
h'g bnsf] pDd]bjf/ eO{ ;b:o lgjf{lrt ePsf] xf] ;f] bnn] k|fb]lzs sfg'gdf
Joj:yf eP adf]lhd lghn] bn Tofu u/]sf] s'/f ;"lrt u/]df, jf
-r_
d[To' ePdf .
!*)= k|b]z ;ef ;b:osf] cof]Uotf ;DaGwL lg0f{o M k|b]z ;efsf] s'g} ;b:o wf/f !&& adf]lhd
cof]Uo 5 jf x'g uPsf] 5 eGg] k|Zg p7]df To;sf] lg0f{o ;+j}wflgs cbfntn] ug{]5 .
!*!= k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'v / pk;efd'v M -!_ k|b]z ;efn] ;f] ;efsf] klxnf] a}7s a;]sf] ldltn]]
aL; lbgleq cfkm\gf ;b:o dWo]af6 k|b]z ;efd'v / pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg ug]{5 . k|b]z
;efd'v / pk;efd'v dWo] Ps hgf dlxnf x'g' kg]{5 . k|b]z ;efd'v jf pk;efd'vsf] kb
l/Qm ePdf k|b]z ;efn] cfgf] ;b:ox? dWo]af6 lgjf{rg u/L l/Qm :yfgsf] k"lt{ ug]{5 . k|b]z
;efsf] ;efd'v / pk;efd'v km/s km/s bnsf] x'g' kg]{5 .

61

t/ k|b]z ;efdf Ps eGbf a9L bnsf] k|ltlglwTj gePsf] jf k|ltlglwTj eP/ klg
pDd]bjf/L glbPsf] cj:yfdf Ps} bnsf] JolQm k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'v / pk;efd'v x'g afwf
kg]{ 5}g .
-@_ k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'vsf] cg'kl:yltdf pk;efd'vn] ;efsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf
ug]{5 .
-#_ k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'v / pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg gePsf] jf b'j} kb l/Qm ePsf]
cj:yfdf k|b]z ;efsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf k|b]z ;efdf pkl:yt ;b:ox?dWo] pd]/sf] lx;fan]
Ho]i7 ;b:on] ug]{5 .
-$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'v jf pk;efd'vsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
k|b]z ;efsf]] ;b:o g/x]df,
-v_
lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf, jf
-u_
kb cg's"n cfr/0f u/]sf] 5}g eGg] k|:tfj k|b]z ;efsf] tTsfn
sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t
ePdf .
-%_ k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'vn] kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f u/]sf] 5}g eGg] k|:tfj pk/ 5nkmn
x'g] a}7ssf] cWoIftf k|b]z pk;efd'vn] ug]{5 . To:tf] k|:tfjsf] 5nkmndf k|b]z ;efsf]
;efd'vn] efu lng / dtbfg ug{ kfpg]5 .
!*@= k|b]z ;efsf] clwj]zgsf] cfJxfg / cGTo M -!_ k|b]zk|d'vn] k|b]z ;efsf nflu ePsf]
lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff ePsf] ldltn] aL; lbg leq k|b]z ;efsf] clwj]zg cfJxfg
ug]{5 . To;kl5 ;+ljwfg adf]lhd k|b]z k|d'vn] ;do ;dodf cGo clwj]zg cfJxfg ug{]5 .
t/ Pp6f clwj]zgsf] ;dflKt / csf]{ clwj]zgsf] k|f/Desf aLrsf] cjlw 5
dxLgfeGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-@_ k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efsf] clwj]zgsf] cGTo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efsf] clwj]zg rfn" g/x]sf] jf a}7s :ylut ePsf] cj:yfdf
clwj]zg jf a}7s af]nfpg jf~5gLo 5 egL k|b]z ;efsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO
;b:ox?n] ;dfj]bg u/]df To:tf] clwj]zg jf a}7s a:g] ldlt / ;do tf]Sg]5 . To;/L
tf]lsPsf] ldlt / ;dodf k|b]z ;efsf] clwj]zg k|f/De x'g] jf a}7s a:g]5 .
!*#= k|b]z k|d'vaf6 ;Daf]wg M -!_ k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efsf] a}7snfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ / To;sf]
lgldQ ;b:ox?sf] pkl:yltsf] nflu cfXjfg ug{]5 .
-@_ k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efsf nflu ePsf] lgjf{rg kl5sf] klxnf] clwj]zg / k|To]s
jif{sf] klxnf] clwj]zgsf] k|f/De ePkl5 k|b]z ;efsf] a}7snfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{]5 .
!*$= k|b]z ;efsf] u0fk"/s ;+Vof M o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s k|b]z ;efsf] a}7sdf
;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO ;b:o pkl:yt geP;Dd s'g} k|:tfj 5nkmn jf lg0f{osf
nflu k|:t't x'g] 5}g .

62

!*%= k|b]z ;efdf dtbfg M k|b]z ;efdf lg0f{osf] nflu k|:t't ul/Psf] h'g;'s} k|:tfjsf] lg0f{o
pkl:yt eO{ dtbfg ug]{ ;b:ox?sf] ax'dtaf6 x'g]5 . cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ dt lbg]
clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .
t/ dt a/fa/ ePdf cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn] cfgf] lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 .
!*^= k|b]z ;efsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL k|b]z ;efdf k"0f{ jfs\ :jtGqtf
/xg]5 / k|b]z ;efdf JoQm u/]sf] s'g} s'/f jf lbPsf] s'g} dtnfO{ lnP/ s'g} klg ;b:onfO{
kqmfp ug]{, y'gfdf /fVg] jf lgh pk/ s'g} cbfntdf sf/afxL rnfOg] 5}g .
-@_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL k|b]z ;efnfO{ cfgf] cfGtl/s sfd sf/afxL lgoldt
ug]{ k"0f{ clwsf/ /xg]5 / k|b]z ;efsf] s'g} sfd sf/afxL lgoldt 5 jf 5}g egL lg0f{o ug]{
clwsf/ k|b]z ;efnfO{ dfq x'g]5 . k|b]z ;efsf] s'g} sfd sf/afxLsf ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf
k|Zg p7fOg] 5}g .
-#_ k|b]z ;efsf] s'g} sf/afxL pk/ To;sf] c;n lgotaf/] z+sf p7fO{ s'g} 6Lsf
l6Kk0fL ul/g] 5}g / s'g} ;b:on] af]n]sf] s'g} s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf hfgLhfgL unt jf e|fds cy{
nufO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-$_ pkwf/f -!_ / -#_ sf] Joj:yf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o afx]s k|b]z ;efsf] a}7sdf efu
lng kfpg] cGo JolQmsf xsdf klg nfu" x'g]5 .
-%_ k|b]z ;efsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t s'g} lnvt, k|ltj]bg, dtbfg jf sf/afxL k|sflzt
u/]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ s'g} JolQm pk/ cbfntdf sf/afxL rNg] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkwf/f / pkwf/f -!_, -@_, -#_ / -$_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|b]z ;ef eGgfn]
k|b]z ;efsf] ;ldltsf] a}7s ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-^_ k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:onfO{ clwj]zg af]nfOPsf] ;"rgf hf/L ePkl5 clwj]zg
rn'Gh]n;Ddsf] cjlwe/ kqmfp ul/g] 5}g .
t/ s'g} kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf s'g} ;b:onfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd kqmfp ug{ o; pkwf/fn]
afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . To;/L s'g} ;b:o kqmfp ul/Pdf kqmfp ug]{ clwsf/Ln] To;sf]
;"rgf k|b]z ;efsf] cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ t'?Gt lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xggnfO{ k|b]z ;efsf] cjx]ngf dflgg]5 / s'g} ljz]ifflwsf/sf]
xgg ePsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ k|b]z ;efnfO{ dfq x'g]5 .
-*_ s;}n] k|b]z ;efsf] cjx]ngf u/]df ;f] ;efsf] cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn] k|b]z ;efsf]
lg0f{oaf6 ;f] JolQmnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg, g;Lxt lbg jf tLg dxLgfdf ga9\g] u/L s}b ug{ jf
bz xhf/ ?k}+of;Dd hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] hl/afgf ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;"n pk/
ul/g]]5 .
t/ k|b]z ;efnfO{ ;Gtf]if x'g] u/L To:tf] JolQmn] Ifdfofrgf u/]df ;f] ;efn] Ifdf
k|bfg ug{ jf tf]ls;s]sf] ;hfonfO{ dfkmL jf sd ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-(_ k|b]z ;efsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf k|fb]lzs sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

63

!*&=

ljZjf;sf] dt / cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ d'VodGqLn] s'g} klg avt
cfk"mdfly k|b]z ;efsf] ljZjf; 5 eGg] s'/f :ki6 ug{ cfjZos jf pko'Qm 7fg]df ljZjf;sf]
dtsf] nflu k|b]z ;ef ;dIf k|:tfj /fVg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ d'VodGqLn] k|ltlglwTj ug{] bn ljeflht ePdf jf k|b]z;/sf/df ;xefuL bnn]
cfkm\gf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lnPdf tL; lbgleq d'VodGqLn] ljZjf;sf] dtsf] nflu k|b]z ;ef ;dIf
k|:tfj /fVg' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] k|:tfj k|b]z ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf
;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtn] kfl/t x'g g;s]df d'VodGqL cfkm\gf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 .
-$_ k|b]z ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox dWo] Ps rf}yfO ;b:on]
d'VodGqLdfly k|b]z ;efsf] ljZjf; 5}g egL lnlvt?kdf cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z ug{
;Sg]5g\ .
t/ d'Vo dGqL lgo'Qm ePsf] klxnf] b'O{ jif{;Dd / Psk6s /fv]sf] cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj
c;kmn ePsf] csf]{ Ps jif{ leq To:tf] cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z ubf{ d'VodGqLsf] nflu k|:tfljt
;b:osf] gfd ;d]t pNn]v u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k|b]z ;efdf tTsfn sfod
/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtn] kfl/t ePdf d'VodGqL kbd'Qm x'g]5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ d'Vo dGqLsf] kb l/Qm ePdf
pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd k|:tfj u/]sf] k|b]z ;ef ;b:onfO{ k|b]z k|d'vn] wf/f !^^ adf]lhd
d'VodGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
!**= dGqL, /fHodGqL / ;xfos dGqLn] k|b]z ;efsf] a}7sdf efu lng kfpg] M dGqL, /fHodGqL /
;xfos dGqLn] k|b]z ;ef / To;sf] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g / sf/afxL tyf 5nkmndf
efu lng kfpg]5 .
t/ k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:o gePsf] dGqL, /fHodGqL jf ;xfos dGqLn] k|b]z ;efsf]
a}7sdf jf To;sf] ;ldltdf dtbfg ug{ / k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:o /x]sf] dGqL, /fHodGqL jf
;xfos dGqLn] cfkm" ;b:o /x]sf] ;ldlt afx]ssf] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf dtbfg ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
!*(= k|b]z ;efdf cglwsf/ pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df ;hfo M wf/f !&* adf]lhd zky
glnO{ jf k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:otfsf] lgldQ cfjZos of]Uotf gePsf] s'g} JolQm ;b:osf]
x}l;otn] k|b]z ;ef jf ;f]sf] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df lghnfO{ ;f]
a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmsf] cfb]zn] To;/L pkl:yt ePsf] jf dtbfg u/]sf] k|To]s k6ssf]
nflu kfFr xhf/ ?k}+of hl/afgf x'g]5 / To:tf] hl/afgf ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/
ul/g]]5 .
!()= ax;df aGb]h M g]kfnsf] s'g} cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg d'2fsf ;DaGwdf Gofo lg?k0fdf k|lts"n
c;/ kfg]{ ljifo tyf GofofwLzn] st{Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf u/]sf] Goflos sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf
k|b]z ;efdf s'g} 5nkmn ul/g] 5}g .

64

!(!=

;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{ ;~rfng M k|b]z ;efsf] s'g} ;b:osf]
:yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t k|b]z ;efn] cfgf] sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5 / k|b]z ;efsf]
sf/afxLdf efu lng gkfpg] s'g} JolQmn] efu lnPsf] s'/f kl5 kQf nfUof] eg] klg eO;s]sf]
sfo{ cdfGo x'g] 5}g .
!(@= k|b]z ;efn] ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg] M k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{ k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ k|b]z ;efn]
lgoddfjnL adf]lhd cfjZostf cg';f/ ;ldlt jf ljz]if ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!(#= k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{ ;~rfng ljlw M k|b]z ;efn] cfgf] sfo{ ;~rfng ug{, a}7ssf] ;'Joj:yf
sfod /fVg / ;ldltx?sf] u7g, sfd, sf/afxL / ;ldlt ;DaGwL cGo ljifo lgoldt ug{sf]
nflu lgodfjnL agfpg]5 . To;/L lgodfjnL gag];Dd k|b]z ;efn] cfkm\gf] sfo{ljlw cfkm}+
lgoldt ug{]5 .
!($= k|b]z ;efsf] ;lrj / ;lrjfno M -!_ k|b]zk|d'vn] k|b]z ;efd'vsf] l;kmfl/;df k|b]z ;efsf]
;lrj lgo'Qm ug{]5 .
-@_ k|b]z ;efsf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ug{sf] nflu Ps ;lrjfno
/xg]5 . To:tf] ;lrjfnosf] :yfkgf / ;f] ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf k|fb]lzs sfg'g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-#_ k|b]z ;efsf] ;lrjsf] of]Uotf, sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ tyf ;]jfsf cGo zt{
k|fb]lzs sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!(%= kfl/>lds M k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'v, pk;efd'v tyf ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwf k|fb]lzs
sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 . To;/L sfg'g gag];Dd k|b]z ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

65

efu!$
k|fb]lzs Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw
!(^=

k|b]z ;efdf ljw]os k|:t't ug]{ ljlw M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL k|b]z ;efdf ljw]os
k|:t't ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ cy{ ljw]os / zflGt ;'/Iff;Fu ;DalGwt ljw]os ;/sf/L ljw]ossf] kdf dfq
k|:t't ul/g]5 .
-#_ cy{ ljw]os eGgfn] b]xfodf plNnlvt ;a} jf s'g} ljifo;Fu ;DaGw /fVg]
ljw]osnfO{ hgfpF5 M
-s_
k|b]zdf s/ nufpg], p7fpg], vf/]h ug]{, 5"6 lbg], kl/jt{g ug]{ jf s/
k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ ljifo,
-v_
k|b]z ;l~rt sf]if jf cGo k|b]zsf] s'g} ;/sf/L sf]ifsf] ;+/If0f ug]{, To:tf]
sf]ifdf /sd hDdf ug]{ jf To:tf] sf]ifaf6 s'g} /sd ljlgof]hg jf vr{ ug]{ jf
ljlgof]hg jf vr{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] /sd 36fpg], a9fpg] jf vf/]h ug]{ ljifo,
-u_
k|b]z ;/sf/n] C0f k|fKt ug]{ jf hdfgt lbg] ljifo Jojl:yt ug]{ jf k|b]zsf]
;/sf/n] lnPsf] jf lng] cfly{s bfloTj ;DaGwL sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ ljifo,
-3_
k|b]z ;/sf/L sf]ifdf k|fKt x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf] /fh:j, C0f c;'nLaf6 k|fKt /sd
/ cg'bfgsf] /sd lhDdf /fVg], nufgL ug]{ jf k|b]z ;/sf/sf] n]vf k/LIf0f
ug]{ ljifo, jf
-_
v08 -s_, -v_, -u_ / -3_ ;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw ePsf k|f;+lus ljifox .
t/ s'g} cg'dltkq b:t'/, lgj]bg b:t'/, gjLs/0f b:t'/ h:tf z'Ns,
b:t'/ nufpg] jf s'g} hl/jfgf jf s}b x'g] Joj:yf ePsf] sf/0fn] dfq s'g}
ljw]os cy{ ljw]os dflgg] 5}g .
-$_ s'g} ljw]os cy{ ljw]os xf] xf]Og eGg] k|Zg p7]df k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'vsf] lg0f{o
clGtd x'g]5 .
!(&= ljw]os kfl/t ug]{ ljlw M -!_ k|b]z ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] ljw]os k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu k|b]zk|d'v
;dIf k]z ul/g]5 .
-@_ s'g} ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf k|b]z ;efsf] clwj]zgsf] cGTo eP klg
;f] ljw]osdfly csf]{ clwj]zgdf sf/afxL x'g ;Sg]5 .
t/ s'g} ljw]os k|b]z ;efdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf k|b]z ;ef lj36g ePdf jf
;f] ;efsf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt ePdf To:tf] ljw]os lgliqmo x'g]5 .
!(*= ljw]os lkmtf{ lng ;Sg] M ljw]os k|:t'tstf{n] k|b]z ;efsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ljw]os lkmtf{ lng
;Sg]5 .
!((= ljw]osdf k|df0fLs/0f M -!_ wf/f !(& adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu k|b]zk|d'v ;dIf k]z ul/g]
ljw]os k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'vn]] k|dfl0ft u/L k]z ug'{ kg{]5 .

66

t/ cy{ ljw]ossf xsdf cy{ ljw]os xf] egL k|b]z ;efd'vn] k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ o; wf/f adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf k]z ePsf] ljw]os k|b]z
k|d'vn] kGw| lbgleq k|df0fLs/0f u/L To;sf] ;"rgf oyf;Dej k|b]z ;efnfO{ lbg]5 .
-#_ k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu k]z ePsf] cy{ ljw]os afx]s cGo ljw]ossf] ;DaGwdf k'gM
ljrf/ ljdz{ x'g' cfjZos 5 eGg] nfu]df k|b]zk|d'vn] ljw]os k]z ePsf] kGw| lbgleq ;Gb]z
;lxt k|b]z ;efdf lkmtf{ k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ k|b]zk|d'vn] s'g} ljw]os ;Gb]z ;lxt lkmtf{ u/]df To; ljw]osdfly k|b]z ;efn]
k'glj{rf/ u/L ;f] ljw]os k|:t't ?kdf jf ;+zf]wg ;lxt kfl/t u/L k'gM k]z u/]df To;/L k]z
ePsf] kGw| lbg leq k|b]z k|d'vn] k|df0fLs/0f ug{]5 .
-%_ k|b]z k|d'vaf6 k|df0fLs/0f ePkl5 ljw]os P]g aGg]5 .
@))= cWofb]z M -!_ k|b]z ;efsf] clwj]zg rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s tTsfn s]xL ug{ cfjZos
k/]df k|fb]lzs dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|b]z k|d'vn] cWofb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] cWofb]z P]g ;/x dfGo x'g]5 .
t/ To:tf] k|To]s cWofb]z,
-s_
hf/L ePkl5 a;]sf] k|b]z ;efsf] a}7sdf k]z ul/g]5 / k|b]z ;efn] :jLsf/
gu/]df :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5,
-v_
k|b]zk|d'vaf6 h'g;'s} avt vf/]h x'g ;Sg]5, /
-u_
v08 -s_ jf -v_ adf]lhd lgliqmo jf vf/]h gePdf k|b]z ;efsf] a}7s
a;]sf] ;f7L lbgkl5 :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5 .

67

efu!%
k|b]zsf] cfly{s sfo{k|0ffnL
@)!= s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg] M -!_ sfg'g adf]lhd afx]s k|b]zdf s'g} s/ nufOg] / p7fOg]
5}g .
-@_ sfg'g adf]lhd afx]s k|b]z ;/sf/n] s'g} C0f lng] / hdfgt lbg] 5}g .
@)@= k|b]z ;l~rt sf]if M u'7L /sd afx]s k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf /fh:j, /fh:jsf]
lwtf]df lnOPsf ;a} shf{, P]gsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t lbOPsf] h'g;'s} C0f c;'n x'Fbf k|fKt ePsf]
;a} wg / g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg Pj+ C0f /sd P]gf/f csf]{ s'g} Joj:yf
gul/Pdf Ps k|b]z ;/sf/L sf]ifdf cfDbfgL afFlwg]5 h;nfO{ k|b]z ;l~rt sf]if elgg]5 .
t/ gLlh u'7L afx]ssf] cGo u'7Lsf] /sdsf] xsdf sfg'g agfO{ lgoldt ug{ ;lsg]5 .
@)#= k|b]z ;l~rt sf]if jf k|b]z ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 Joo M b]xfosf /sd afx]s k|b]z ;l~rt sf]if jf
cGo s'g} k|b]z ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 s'g} /sd lemSg ;lsg] 5}g M
-s_ k|b]z ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ ePsf] /sd,
-v_ ljlgof]hg P]gf/f vr{ x'g] /sd,
-u_
ljlgof]hg ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf k]ZsLsf] kdf P]gf/f vr{ x'g]
/sd, jf
-3_
ljz]if cj:yfdf Joosf] ljj/0f dfq ePsf] pwf/f] vr{ P]gf/f Joo x'g] /sd .
t/ k|fb]lzs cfsl:ds sf]ifsf xsdf wf/f @!! adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@)$= k|b]z ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ M b]xfosf ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt vr{ k|b]z ;l~rt sf]ifdfly
Jooef/ x'g]5g\ / To:tf] Joosf] nflu k|b]z ;efsf] :jLs[lt cfjZos kg]{ 5}g M
-s_
k|b]z ;efd'v / k|b]z pk;efd'vnfO{ lbOg] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfsf /sd
-v_
k|fb]lzs nf]s;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ lbO{g] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfsf
/sd,
-u_
k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf] bfloTjsf] C0f ;DaGwL Jooef/,
-3_
k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf] lj?4 cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf jf cf1lKt cg';f/ ltg'{ kg]{
/sd, /
-_
sfg'gn] k|b]z ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g] egL lgwf{/0f u/]sf] /sd .
@)%= /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg M -!_ k|fb]lzs cy{dGqLn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] ;DaGwdf k|b]z ;ef
;dIf b]xfosf s'/f ;d]t v'nfO{ jflif{s cg'dfg k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
/fh:jsf] cg'dfg,
-v_
k|b]z ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g] cfjZos /sdx, /
-u_
ljlgof]hg P]gf/f Joo x'g] cfjZos /sdx .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd jflif{s cg'dfg k]z ubf{ ut cfly{s jif{df k|To]s dGqfnonfO{
5'6\ofOPsf] vr{sf] /sd / vr{ cg';f/sf] nIo xfl;n eof] jf ePg To;sf] ljj/0f klg ;fy}
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
68

@)^=

ljlgof]hg P]g M ljlgof]hg P]g cg';f/ Joo x'g] cfjZos /sd zLif{sdf lglb{i6 u/L ljlgof]hg
ljw]osdf /flvg]5g\ .
@)&= k"/s cg'dfg M -!_ s'g} cfly{s jif{df b]xfosf] cj:yf kg{ cfPdf k|fb]lzs cy{dGqLn] k|b]z ;ef
;dIf k"/s cg'dfg k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] lgldQ ljlgof]hg P]gf/f s'g} ;]jfsf] nflu vr{ ug{
clVtof/L lbOPsf] /sd ckof{Kt ePdf jf To; jif{sf] nflu ljlgof]hg P]gn]
clwsf/ glbPsf] gofF ;]jfdf vr{ ug{ cfjZos ePdf, jf
-v_
rfn" cfly{s jif{df s'g} ljlgof]hg P]gf/f clVtof/L lbPsf] /sdeGbf a9L
vr{ x'g uPdf .
-@_ k"/s cg'dfgdf /flvPsf] /sd zLif{sxdf lglb{i6 u/L k"/s ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf
/flvg] 5g\ .
@)*= k]ZsL vr{ M -!_ o; efudf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljlgof]hg ljw]os ljrf/fwLg
/x]sf] cj:yfdf cfly{s jif{sf] nflu cg'dfg ul/Psf] Joosf] s'g} c+z cufj} k]ZsLsf kdf
P]gf/f vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ wf/f @)% adf]lhd /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg k]z gul/P;Dd k]ZsL vr{ ljw]os
k|:t't ul/g] 5}g / k]ZsLsf] /sd cfly{s jif{sf] Joo cg'dfgsf] t[tLof+z eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-#_
k]ZsL vr{ P]g cg';f/ vr{ ePsf] /sd ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .
@)(= pwf/f] vr{ M o; efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|fs[lts sf/0f jf cGo
sf/0fn] ubf{ k|fb]lzs ;6sf] cj:yf k/L wf/f @)% sf] pkwf/f -!_ cGtu{t rflxg] ljj/0f
v'nfpg cJofjxfl/s jf k|b]zsf] ;'/Iff jf lxtsf] b[li6n] cjf~5gLo b]lvPdf k|fb]lzs
cy{dGqLn] Joosf] ljj/0f dfq ePsf] pwf/f] vr{ ljw]os k|b]z ;ef ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@!)= k|fb]lzs cfsl:ds sf]if M P]gf/f k|fb]lzs cfsl:ds sf]ifsf] gfdn] Pp6f sf]if :yfkgf ug{
;lsg]5 / To:tf] sf]ifdf ;do ;dodf P]gf/f lgwf{/0f eP cg';f/sf] /sd hDdf ul/g]5 .
To:tf] sf]if k|b]z ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf /xg]5 . k|b]z ;/sf/n] To:tf] sf]ifaf6 cfsl:ds
sfo{sf] nflu vr{ ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] vr{sf] /sd P]gf/f oyfzLw| ;f]wegf{ ul/g]5 .
@!!= cfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL P]g M ljlgof]lht /sd Ps zLif{saf6 csf]{ zLif{sdf ;fg]{ / cfly{s
sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

69

@!@=

@!#=

efu!^
:yfgLo sfo{kflnsf
:yfgLo sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sf] k|of]u M -!_ ;+ljwfg / sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL :yfgLo txsf]
sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf lglxt /xg]5 .
-@_ :yfgLo sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL cg';"rL& df plNnlvt
:yfgLo txsf] ;"rLdf plNnlvt ljifoj:t'df ;Lldt /xg]5 .
-#_ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] zf;g
Joj:yfsf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f / ;~rfng ug]{ cleef/f ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/
sfo{kflnsfdf /xg]5 .
-$_ ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sfl/0fL sfo{ ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/
sfo{kflnsfsf] gfddf x'g]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] gfddf x'g] lg0f{o jf
cfb]z / tT;DaGwL clwsf/kqsf] k|df0fLs/0f sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
ufpF sfo{kflnsf k|d'v / pkk|d'v ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|To]s ufpFkflnsfdf Ps hgf ufpF
sfo{kflnsf k|d'v /xg]5 . lghsf] cWoIftfdf ufpF sfo{kflnsf u7g x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] ufpF sfo{kflnsfdf Ps hgf pkk|d'v / kGw| hgf ;b:o
/xg]5g\ .
-#_ k|d'v / pkk|d'vsf] lgjf{rg ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf If]qleqsf dtbftfn] Ps
JolQm Ps dtsf] cfwf/df uf]Ko dtbfgf/f klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd
ug]{5g\ .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|d'v / pkk|d'v eGgfn] ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf]
k|d'v / pkk|d'v ;Demg' k5{ .
-$_ ufpF;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq ufpF
;efsf ;b:ox?n] wf/f @@! adf]lhd lgjf{lrt u/]sf j8f cWoIfx? / ;b:ox? ufpFF
sfo{kflnsfsf kb]g ;b:o x'g]5g\ .
-%_ ufpF;efsf ;b:ox?n] cfkm"dWo]af6 lgjf{lrt u/]sf rf/ hgf dlxnf ;b:o /
ufpFkflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf / pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf
ePsf blnt jf cNk;+Vos ;d'bfoaf6 lgjf{lrt u/]sf b'O{ hgf JolQm ;d]t ufpF
sfo{kflnsfsf] ;b:o x'g]5g\ .
-^_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm k|d'v / pkk|d'vsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt x'g
of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_
g]kfnL gful/s,
-v_
PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf],
-u_
ufpFkflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf], /
-3_
s'g} sfg'gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .

70

@!$=

-&_ k|d'v, pkk|d'v / ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf ;b:osf] kbfjlw kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-*_ k|d'vsf] kbdf b'O{ sfo{sfn lgjf{lrt ePsf] JolQm To; kl5 x'g] ufpFkflnsfsf]
lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ x'g of]Uo x'g] 5}g .
-(_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|d'v jf pkk|d'v cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
k|d'vn] pkk|d'v ;dIf / pkk|d'vn] k|d'v ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf, jf
-u_
d[To' ePdf .
-!)_ k|d'v jf pkk|d'vsf] Ps jif{eGbf a9L kbfjlw afFsL /x]sf] cj:yfdf pkwf/f
-(_ adf]lhd kb l/Qm x'g uPdf afFsL cjlwsf] nflu l/Qm kbsf] k"lt{ pklgjf{rgf/f x'g]5 .
gu/ sfo{kflnsf k|d'v / pkk|d'v ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|To]s gu/kflnsfdf Ps hgf gu/
sfo{kflnsf k|d'v /xg]5 . lghsf] cWoIftfdf gu/ sfo{kflnsf u7g x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf Ps hgf pkk|d'v / sDtLdf
pGgfO{; hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-#_ k|d'v / pkk|d'vsf] lgjf{rg ;DalGwt gu/kflnsf If]qleqsf dtbftfn] Ps
JolQm Ps dtsf] cfwf/df uf]Ko dtbfg4f/f klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd
ug]{5g\ .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|d'v / pkk|d'v eGgfn] gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf]
k|d'v / pkk|d'v ;Demg' k5{ .
-$_ gu/;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq gu/
;efsf ;b:ox?n] wf/f @@@ adf]lhd lgjf{lrt u/]sf j8f cWoIfx? / ;b:ox? gu/
sfo{kflnsfsf kb]g ;b:o x'g]5g\ .
-%_ gu/;efsf ;b:ox?n] cfkm"dWo]af6 lgjf{lrt u/]sf kfFr hgf dlxnf ;b:o /
gu/kflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf blnt jf cNk;+Vos ;d'bfoaf6
lgjf{lrt u/]sf tLghgf JolQm ;d]t gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] ;b:o x'g]5g\ .
-^_ k|d'v, pkk|d'v / gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf ;b:osf] kbfjlw kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-&_ k|d'vsf] kbdf b'O{ sfo{sfn lgjf{lrt ePsf] JolQm To;kl5 x'g] gu/kflnsfsf]
lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ x'g of]Uo x'g] 5}g .
-*_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm k|d'v / pkk|d'vsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt x'g
of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_
g]kfnL gful/s,
-v_
PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf],
-u_
gu/kflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf], /
-3_
s'g} sfg'gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .
-(_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf k|d'v jf pkk|d'v cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
k|d'vn] pkk|d'v ;dIf / pkk|d'vn] k|d'v ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
71

@!%=

@!^=

@!&=

@!*=

-v_
kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf, jf
-u_
d[To' ePdf .
-!)_ k|d'v jf pkk|d'vsf] Ps jif{eGbf a9L kbfjlw afFsL /x]sf] cj:yfdf pkwf/f
-(_ adf]lhd kb l/Qm x'g uPdf afFsL cjlwsf] nflu l/Qm kbsf] k"lt{ pklgjf{rgf/f x'g]5 .
Goflos ;ldlt M -!_ ;+3Lo / k|fb]lzs sfg'g adf]lhd ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfnfO{ k|bQ
d'2f dfldnf x]g]{ clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug{ k|To]s ufpFkflnsfdf ufpF sfo{kflnsf pkk|d'v /
gu/kflnsfdf gu/ sfo{kflnsf pkk|d'vsf] ;+of]hsTjdf Ps Goflos ;ldlt /xg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Goflos ;ldltdf ufpFkflnsfsf] xsdf ufpF sfo{kflnsf
k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] ufpF ;efsf / gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf gu/ sfo{kflnsf k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] gu/
;efsf b'O{hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfo{ ;~rfng M ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/
sfo{kflnsfaf6 :jLs[t lgodfjnL adf]lhd ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfo{
ljefhg / sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g]5 .
:yfgLo txsf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M o; efudf n]lvP b]lv afx]s :yfgLo
txsf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;+3Lo ;+;bn] agfPsf]
sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
lhNnf ;ef M -!_ lhNnf leqsf ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfx?aLr ;dGjo tyf cfjZos
Joj:yfkg ug{ sfg'g adf]lhd Ps lhNnf;ef /xg]5 .
-@_ lhNnf ;efdf lhNnf leqsf k|To]s ufpF sfo{kflnsf k|d'v / gu/ sfo{kflnsf
k|d'v ;b:o /xg]5g\ . ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd k|fKt ePsf]
ldltn] tL; lbg leq lhNnf ;efsf] klxnf] a}7s a:g]5 .
-#_ lhNnf ;efn] k|fb]lzs sfg'g adf]lhd Ps hgf k|d'v, Ps hgf pkk|d'v /
sDtLdf tLg hgf dlxnf / sDtLdf Ps hgf blnt jf cNk;+Vos ;lxt a9Ldf gf} hgf
;b:o /x]sf] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] lgjf{rg ug]{5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltn] lhNnf ;efsf]
tkm{af6 ug'{ kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{5 .
-$_ ;DalGwt lhNnfleqsf] ufpF;ef jf gu/;efsf] ;b:o lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf]
k|d'v, pkk|d'v jf ;b:o kbsf] pDd]bjf/ x'g of]Uo x'g]5 .
-%_ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k|d'v, pkk|d'v / ;b:osf] kbfjlw kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-^_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k|d'v jf pkk|d'v jf ;b:o cfgf]
kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
k|d'vn] pkk|d'v ;dIf / pkk|d'v jf ;b:on] k|d'v ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf
lbPdf,
-v_
kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf, jf
-u_
d[To' ePdf .
-&_ lhNnf ;efsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M

72

-s_
-v_
-u_

lhNnfleqsf ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsf / k|b]z aLr ;dGjo ug]{,

ljsf; tyf lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfo{df ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ ;f]sf] cg'udg ug]{,
lhNnfdf /xg] ;+3Lo / k|fb]lzs ;/sf/L sfof{no / ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsf
aLr ;dGjo ug]{,
-3_
k|fb]lzs sfg'g adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .
-*_ lhNnf ;efsf] ;~rfng tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;b:on] kfpg] ;'ljwf ;DaGwL
;Dk"0f{ cfly{s Jooef/ k|b]z ;/sf/df /xg]5 .

73

@!(=

@@)=
@@!=

@@@=

efu!&
:yfgLo Joj:yflksf
:yfgLo txsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL :yfgLo txsf]
Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ ufpF ;ef / gu/;efdf lglxt /xg]5 .
-@_ ufpF ;ef / gu/;efsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ cg';"rL& adf]lhdsf] :yfgLo
txsf] ;"rLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
ufpF;ef jf gu/;ef M ufpFkflnsfdf Ps ufpF;ef / gu/kflnsfdf Ps gu/;ef /xg]5 .
ufpF;efsf] u7g M -!_ k|To]s ufpF;efdf ufpF sfo{kflnsf k|d'v / pkk|d'v, ufpFkflnsfsf
x/]s j8faf6 kfFrhgfsf] b/n] sfg'g adf]lhd lgjf{lrt k}+tfnL;hgf ;b:o /xg] 5g\ .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] ufpF;efdf k|To]s j8faf6 sDtLdf b'O{hgf dlxnfsf]
k|ltlglwTj x'g]5 .
-#_ ufpF;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtaf6 k|To]s j8faf6
lgjf{lrt ePsf kfFrhgf ;b:o dWo] Ps hgfnfO{ ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] ;b:o lgjf{lrt ul/g]5 .
To:tf] ;b:o ;DalGwt j8fsf] kb]g cWoIf x'g]5 . k|To]s j8fdf j8f cWoIf / ;f]xL j8faf6
lgjf{lrt ;b:ox? /x]sf] j8f ;ldlt u7g x'g]5 .
-$_ ufpF;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cg';f/
aflnu dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df uf]Ko dtbfgf/f x'g]5 .
-%_ c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] ufpFkflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf]
JolQmnfO{ sfg'gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-^_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm ufpF;efsf] ;b:osf] kbdf pDd]bjf/ x'g of]Uo
x'g]5 M
-s_
g]kfnL gful/s,
-v_
PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf],
-u_
ufpFkflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf], /
-3_
s'g} sfg'gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .
-&_ ufpF;efsf] lgjf{rg / tT;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
gu/;efsf] u7g M -!_ k|To]s gu/;efdf gu/ sfo{kflnsf k|d'v / pkk|d'v, gu/kflnsfsf
x/]s j8faf6 kfFr hgfsf] b/n] sfg'g adf]lhd lgjf{lrt sDtLdf krkGg hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] gu/;efdf k|To]s j8faf6 sDtLdf b'O{hgf
dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]5 .
-#_ gu/;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o;+Vofsf] ax'dtaf6 k|To]s j8faf6
lgjf{lrt ePsf kfFr hgf ;b:o dWo] Ps hgfnfO{ gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] ;b:odf lgjf{lrt
ul/g]5 / To:tf] ;b:o ;DalGwt j8fsf] kb]g cWoIf x'g]5 . k|To]s j8fdf j8f cWoIf / ;f]xL
j8faf6 lgjf{lrt ;b:ox? /x]sf] j8f ;ldlt u7g x'g]5 .

74

-$_ gu/;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cg';f/
aflnu dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df uf]Ko dtbfgf/f x'g]5 .
-%_ c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] gu/kflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf]
JolQmnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-^_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm gu/;efsf] ;b:osf] kbdf pDd]bjf/ x'g
of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_
g]kfnL gful/s,
-v_
PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf],
-u_
gu/kflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf], /
-3_
s'g} sfg'gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .
-&_ gu/;efsf] lgjf{rg / tT;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@@#= ufpF;ef / gu/;efsf] cWoIf / pkfWoIf M ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] k|d'v / pkk|d'v tyf gu/
sfo{kflnsfsf] k|d'v / pkk|d'vn] qmdzM ufpF;ef / gu/;efsf] cWoIf / pkfWoIf eO{ sfo{
;Dkfbg ug]{5 .
@@$= ufpF;ef / gu/;efsf] sfo{sfn M ufpF;ef / gu/;efsf] sfo{sfn kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
@@%= sfg'g agfpg ;Sg] M -!_ ufpF;ef / gu/;efn] cg';"rL& adf]lhdsf] :yfgLo txsf]
clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf plNnlvt ljifodf cfjZos sfg'g agfpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd sfg'g agfpg] k|lqmof k|fb]lzs sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@@^= ufpF;ef / gu/;ef ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M ufpF;ef / gu/;efsf] ;~rfng, a}7ssf]
sfo{ljlw, ;ldlt u7g, ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g] cj:yf, ufpF ;ef / gu/;efsf ;b:on] kfpg]
;'ljwf, ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] sd{rf/L / sfof{no ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf k|fb]lzs sfg'g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .

75

efu!*
:yfgLo cfly{s sfo{k|0ffnL
@@&= s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg] M -!_ sfg'g adf]lhd afx]s :yfgLo txdf s'g} s/ nufpg,
p7fpg / C0f lng kfOg] 5}g .
-@_ :yfgLo txn] cfkm\gf] clwsf/ If]qleqsf] ljifodf /fli6o cfly{s gLlt, j:t' ;]jf,
k"FhL / >dsf] cf];f/ k;f/, l5d]sL k|b]z jf :yfgLo txnfO{ k|lts"n gx'g] u/L s/ nufpg
;Sg]5 .
@@*= :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]if M -!_ :yfgLo tx cGtu{tsf k|To]s ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfdf Ps
:yfgLo ;l~rt sf]if /xg]5 . To:tf] sf]ifdf ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfnfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;a}
k|sf/sf /fh:j, g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|b]z ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg Pj+ C0f /sd / cGo
;|f]taf6 k|fKt x'g] /sd hDdf x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 ug{ ;lsg] vr{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@@(= ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] ah]6 M -!_ ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] k|To]s cfly{s
jif{sf] /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg sfg'g adf]lhd ufpF;ef jf gu/;efdf k]z u/L kfl/t u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
-@_ ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] 3f6f ah]6 lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ ePdf ;+3Lo
sfg'g / k|fb]lzs sfg'g adf]lhd 3f6f k"lt{ ug]{ ;|f]t ;d]tsf] k|:tfj ug'{ kg]{5 .

76

@#)=

@#!=

@#@=

efu!(
;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx aLr cGt/;DaGw
;+3 / k|b]z aLrsf] Joj:yflksLo cGt/;DaGw M -!_ ;+3Lo sfg'g g]kfne/ jf cfjZostf
cg';f/ g]kfnsf] s'g} If]qdf dfq nfu" x'g] u/L agfpg ;lsg]5 . k|fb]lzs sfg'g k|b]zn] cfkm\gf]
If]qleq nfu" x'g] u/L agfpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L k|b]zn] cg';"rL% df plNnlvt k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLsf]
s'g} ljifodf sfg'g agfpg ;+3Lo ;+;b ;dIf cg'/f]w u/]df ;+3Lo ;+;bn] cfjZos sfg'g
agfpg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] sfg'g ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] xsdf nfu" x'g]5 .
;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx aLrsf] sfo{sf/L ;DaGw M -!_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx aLrsf]
;DaGw ;xsfl/tf, ;xcl:tTj / ;dGjosf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6o dxTjsf ljifodf / k|b]zx? aLr ;dGjo ug'{kg]{ ljifodf
;a} k|b]zx?sf nflu ;+ljwfg / k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf]
lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-#_ s'g} k|b]zn] g]kfnsf] /fli6otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf :jfwLgtfdf uDeL/ c;/
kg]{ lsl;dsf] sfo{ u/]df /fi6kltn] To:tf] k|b]znfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;r]t u/fpg, k|fb]lzs
dlGqkl/ifb / k|b]z ;ef lgnDag ug{ jf lj36g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd s'g} k|fb]lzs dlGqkl/ifb / k|b]z ;ef lgnDag jf lj36g
u/]sf]df To:tf] sfo{ k}tL; lbg leq ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf]
ax'dtaf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] lgnDag jf lj36g ;DaGwL sfo{ ;+3Lo ;+;baf6
cg'df]bg ePdf To:tf] k|b]zdf 5 dxLgfleq k|b]z ;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g]5 .
t/ ;+3Lo ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg gePdf To:tf] lgnDag jf lj36g ;DaGwL sfo{ :jtM
lgliqmo ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg geP ;Ddsf nflu To:tf] k|b]zdf ;+3Lo zf;g
sfod /xg]5 . ;+3Lo zf;g sfod /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+3Lo ;+;bn] k|b]zsf] ;"rLdf k/]sf]
ljifodf sfg'g agfpg ;Sg]5 .
-&_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|fb]lzs ;/sf/ dfkm{t\ ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/ sfo{kflnsf
;~rfng ;DaGwdf ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo sfg'g adf]lhd cjZos ;xof]u ug{ / lgb]{zg lbg
;Sg]5 .
k|b]zk|b]z aLrsf] sfo{sf/L ;DaGw M -!_ Ps k|b]zn] csf]{ k|b]zsf] sfg'gL Joj:yf jf Goflos
Pj+ k|zf;sLo lg0f{o jf cfb]zsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ Ps k|b]zn] csf]{ k|b]z;Fu ;femf rf;f] / lxtsf] ljifodf ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg ug{,
k/fdz{ ug{, cfgf] sfo{ / ljwfogsf af/]df cfk;df ;dGjo ug{ / cfk;L ;xof]u lj:tf/ ug{
;Sg]5g\ .
-#_ Ps k|b]zn] csf]{ k|b]zsf] afl;GbfnfO{ cfgf] k|b]zsf] sfg'g adf]lhd ;dfg ;'/Iff
/ ;'ljwf pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
77

@##=

@#$=

@#%=

@#^=

cGt/ k|fb]lzs kl/ifb M -!_ ;+3 / k|b]z aLr tyf k|b]zk|b]z aLr pTkGg /fhgLlts ljjfbsf]
;dfwfg ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:o /x]sf] Ps cGt/ k|fb]lzs kl/ifb /xg]5 M
-s_
k|wfgdGqL
cWoIf
-v_
g]kfn ;/sf/sf u[xdGqL
;b:o
-u_
g]kfn ;/sf/sf cy{dGqL
;b:o
-3_
;DalGwt k|b]zsf d'VodGqLx? ;b:o
-@_ cGt/ k|fb]lzs kl/ifbn] cfjZostf cg';f/ kl/ifbsf] j}7sdf ljjfbsf] ljifo;Fu
;DalGwt g]kfn ;/sf/sf] dGqL / ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] dGqL tyf ljz]if1nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{
;Sg]5 .
;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx aLrsf] ;dGjo M -!_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx aLr ;dGjo sfod
ug{ ;+3Lo ;+;bn] cfjZos sfg'g agfpg]5 .
-@_ k|b]z / ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf aLr ;dGjo sfod ug{ / s'g} /fhgLlts
ljjfb pTkGg ePdf k|b]z ;efn] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt;Fu ;dGjo u/L To:tf] ljjfbsf]
;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{ k|lqmof / sfo{ljlw k|fb]lzs sfg'g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
cGt/k|fb]lzs Jofkf/ M Pp6f k|b]z jf :yfgLo txaf6 csf]{ k|b]z jf :yfgLo txsf] If]qdf x'g]
j:t' jf ;]jfsf] cfoftlgof{t / s'g} k|b]z jf :yfgLo txsf] If]q eO{ g]kfnsf cGo k|b]z jf
:yfgLo txsf] If]qdf x'g] s'g} j:t' jf ;]jfsf] cf];f/k;f/df s'g} lsl;dsf] afwf cj/f]w ug]{ jf
s/ nufpg] jf e]befj ug]{ sfo{ ul/g] 5}g .
;+j}wflgs cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/df c;/ gkg]{ M o; efudf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] wf/f !$!
adf]lhdsf] ;+j}wflgs cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/df s'g} c;/ kg]{ 5}g .

78

@#&=

efu@)
clVtof/ b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u
clVtof/ b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps clVtof/ b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u
/xg]5 h;df k|d'v cfo'Qm / cGo rf/ hgf cfo'Qmx /xg] 5g\ . k|d'v cfo'Qmn] clVtof/
b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] cWoIf eO{ sfd ug{]5 .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v cfo'Qm / cGo cfo'Qmx?sf]
lgo'lQm ug]{]5 .
-#_ k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kbfjlw lgo'lQmsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|d'v cfo'Qm
jf cfo'Qmsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
/fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
k}+;L jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePdf
-u_
lgh lj?4sf] dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf, jf
-3_
d[To' ePdf .
-%_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf]
k|d'v cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu x'g]5 M
-s_
dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/]sf],
-v_
lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
-u_
n]vf, /fh:j, OlGhlgol/, sfg'g, ljsf; jf cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf sDtLdf kGw|
jif{ sfd u/L cg'ej / Voflt k|fKt u/]sf],
-3_
rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
-_
pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .
-^_ k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . k|d'v
cfo'Qm / cfo'Qm cfgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{
ablng] 5}gg\ .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>[+Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf] cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-&_ k|d'v cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qm eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ
u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/,
-s_
clVtof/ b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] cfo'QmnfO{ k|d'v cfo'Qmsf] kbdf
lgo'Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / s'g} cfo'Qm k|d'v
cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ cfo'Qm ePsf]
cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .

79

-v_

@#*=

s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fgaLg ug]{ jf

s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g}
kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ s'g} ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f
u/]sf] JolQmn] e|i6frf/ u/L clVtof/sf] b'kof]u u/]sf] ;DaGwdf clVtof/ b'kof]u
cg';Gwfg cfof]un] sfg'g adf]lhd cg';Gwfg ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
t/ o; ;+ljwfgdf 5'6\6} Joj:yf ePsf] kbflwsf/L / cGo sfg'gn] 5'6\6} ljz]if Joj:yf
u/]sf] kbflwsf/Lsf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-@_ v/fa cfr/0fsf cfwf/df dxfleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ kbd'Qm x'g] ;+j}wflgs
lgsfosf kbflwsf/L, Gofo kl/ifbaf6 kbd'Qm x'g] GofofwLz / ;}lgs P]g adf]lhd sf/afxL x'g]
JolQmsf xsdf lgh kbd'Qm eO;s]kl5 sfg'g adf]lhd cg';Gwfg ug{ jf u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg';Gwfgaf6 ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] s'g} JolQmn]
sfg'g adf]lhd e|i6frf/ dflgg] s'g} sfd u/]sf] b]lvPdf clVtof/ b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un]
To:tf] JolQm / ;f] ck/fwdf ;+nUg cGo JolQm pk/ sfg'g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt cbfntdf
d'2f bfo/ ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg';Gwfgaf6 ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmsf]
sfd sf/afxL cGo clwsf/L jf lgsfosf] clwsf/If]q cGtu{t kg{] k|s[ltsf] b]lvPdf clVtof/
b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu ;DalGwt clwsf/L jf lgsfo ;dIf
n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL clVtof/ b'kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] cGo sfd,
st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-^_ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] cg';Gwfg ug]{ jf d'2f rnfpg] cfkm\gf] sfd,
st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ k|d'v cfo'Qm, cfo'Qm jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
clws[t sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfng ug{ kfpg] u/L ;'Dkg
;Sg]5 .

80

efu@!
dxfn]vf k/LIfs
@#(= dxfn]vf k/LIfs M -!_ g]kfndf Ps dxfn]vf k/LIfs x'g]5 .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 .
-#_ dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] kbfjlw lgo'lQmsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf dxfn]vf
k/LIfssf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
/fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
k}+;L jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePdf
-u_
lghsf] lj?4 dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf, jf
-3_
d[To' ePdf .
-%_ b]xfosf] adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu
of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_
dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHozf:q jf n]vfdf :gftsf]kflw
k|fKt u/L jf rf6{8{ PsfpG6]G;L k/LIff pQL0f{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljlzi6
>]0fLsf] kbdf sfd u/]sf] jf n]vf k/LIf0f ;DaGwL sfddf sDtLdf aL; jif{
cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf],
-v_
lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
-u_
rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
-3_
pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .
-^_ dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 . dxfn]vf
k/LIfs cfgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ ablng]
5}g .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf] cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-&_ dxfn]vf k/LIfs eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo
x'g] 5}g .
t/ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fgaLg ug]{ jf s'g}
ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd
ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@$)= dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+j}wflgs cbfnt, ;+3Lo
;+;b, k|b]z ;ef, k|fb]lzs ;/sf/, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo jf ;f] sf] sfof{no, dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
sfof{no / g]kfnL ;]gf, k|x/L jf ;z:q k|x/L nufotsf ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{no / ;a} cbfntsf]
n]vf sfg'gf/f lgwf{l/t t/Lsf adf]lhd lgoldttf, ldtJolotf, sfo{bIftf, k|efjsfl/tf /
cf}lrTo ;d]tsf] ljrf/ u/L dxfn]vf k/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f x'g]5 .
81

-@_ krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ jf hfoh]yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/ jf k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf]
:jfldTj ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ubf{ dxfn]vf
k/LIfs;Fu k/fdz{ ul/g]5 . To:tf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ l;2fGtsf]
;DaGwdf dxfn]vf k/LIfsn] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ dxfn]vf k/LIfsnfO{ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfdsf] nflu n]vf ;DaGwL sfuhkq
h'g;'s} avt x]g{ kfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5 . dxfn]vf k/LIfs jf To;sf s'g} sd{rf/Ln] dfu u/]sf]
h'g;'s} sfuhkq tyf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg' ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd n]vfk/LIf0f ul/g] n]vf ;DalGwt sfg'gsf cwLgdf /xL
dxfn]vf k/LIfsf/f tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf /flvg]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -!_ df pNn]v ePsf sfof{noxsf] n]vfsf cltl/Qm cGo s'g} sfof{no
jf ;+:yfsf] dxfn]vf k/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{ u/L sfg'gf/f Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 .

82

@$!=

efu@@
;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]u
;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]u /xg]5 h;df cWoIf / cGo
rf/ hgf ;b:o /xg] 5g\ .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf /
;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 .
-#_ ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf ;b:oxdWo] sDtLdf krf; k|ltzt ;b:o aL; jif{ jf
;f]eGbf a9L cjlw;Dd s'g} ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sf JolQmx dWo]af6 / afFsL ;b:ox? lj1fg,
k|ljlw, snf, ;flxTo, sfg'g, hgk|zf;g, ;dfhzf:q jf /fli6o hLjgsf cGo If]qdf zf]w,
cg';Gwfg, cWofkg jf cGo s'g} dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ u/L Voflt k|fKt u/]sf JolQmx dWo]af6
lgo'Qm x'g]5g\ .
-$_ ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5
jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf ;+3Lo nf]s
;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_

/fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_

k}+;L jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePdf

-u_

lgh lj?4 k]z ePsf] dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf, jf

-3_

d[To' ePdf .

-^_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf /
;b:osf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_

dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf]Q/ pkflw k|fKt u/]sf],

-v_

lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],

-u_

rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /

-3_

pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .

-&_ ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ sfg'g
adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:o cfgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd
lghx?nfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ ablng] 5}gg\ .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>[+Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf] cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-*_ ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf
lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/,

83

-s_

;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn]
afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / s'g} ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf]
kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-v_
s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fgaLg ug]{ jf
s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g}
kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
@$@= ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf
lgo'lQmsf] nflu pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ 5gf}6 ug{ k/LIff ;~rfng ug'{ ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf]
st{Jo x'g]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kb eGgfn] ;}lgs clws[t jf
hjfg, ;+3Lo k|x/L jf ;z:q k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] kb tyf lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kb xf]Og egL
P]g adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] cGo ;]jfsf] kb afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/sf c? ;a} ;]jfsf] kb ;Demg'
k5{ .
-@_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf cltl/Qm ;}lgs, ;+3Lo k|x/L jf ;z:q k|x/L, ;+3sf] clwsf/
If]qleq kg]{ ;/sf/L ljZjljBfno, cGo ;/sf/L ;]jf / ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] kbk"lt{, lgo'lQm /
a9'jf ;DaGwL Joj:yf ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] ug]{ u/L sfg'gdf Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf eGgfn] krf; k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf
a9L z]o/ jf hfoh]yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj jf lgoGq0f ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf ;Demg'
k5{ .
-#_ lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] kbdf ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ ljgf :yfoL lgo'lQm
ul/g] 5}g .
-$_ b]xfosf ljifodf ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' kg]{5 M
-s_
;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jfsf] zt{ ;DaGwL sfg'gsf] ljifodf,
-v_
;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jf jf kbdf lgo'lQm, a9'jf / ljefuLo sf/jfxL ubf{
ckgfpg' kg]{ l;2fGtsf] ljifodf,
-u_
;+3Lo lghfdtL kbdf 5 dxLgfeGbf a9L ;dosf] nflu lgo'lQm ubf{
pDd]bjf/sf] pko'Qmtfsf] ljifodf,
-3_
s'g} Ps k|sf/sf] ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbaf6 csf]{ k|sf/sf] ;+3Lo
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf jf cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfaf6 ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jfdf ;?jf
jf a9'jf ubf{ jf s'g} k|b]zsf] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbaf6 ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jfsf]
kbdf jf ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbaf6 k|b]z lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf ;]jf
kl/jt{g jf :yfgfGt/0f ubf{ pDd]bjf/sf] pko'Qmtfsf] ljifodf,
-_
;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' gkg]{ cj:yfsf] kbdf axfn /x]sf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' kg]{ cj:yfsf] kbdf
:yfoL ;?jf jf a9'jf ug]{ ljifodf, /
84

@$#=

-r_
;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jfsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ lbOg] ljefuLo ;hfosf] ljifodf .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg wf/f !%& adf]lhdsf] ;+3Lo
Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] clwsf/ If]qleq kg{] ljifodf ;f]xL adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-^_ ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] cfgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ cfof]usf] s'g} ;b:o, ;b:o /x]sf]] ;ldlt jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf]
zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfng ug]{ u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .
-&_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
k|fb]lzs nf]s ;]jf cfof]u ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|To]s k|b]zdf k|fb]lzs nf]s ;]jf cfof]u
/xg]5 .
-@_ k|fb]lzs nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] u7g, sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ k|fb]lzs sfg'g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .

85

efu@#
lgjf{rg cfof]u
@$$= lgjf{rg cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps lgjf{rg cfof]u /xg]5 h;df k|d'v cfo'Qm / cGo rf/
hgf cfo'Qm /xg] 5g\ . k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmn] lgjf{rg cfof]usf] cWoIf eO{ sfd ug{]5 .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmxsf]
lgo'lQm ug]{]5 .
-#_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf]
x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|d'v lgjf{rg
cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
/fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
pd]/ k}+;L jif{ k"/f ePdf
-u_
lgh lj?4 k]z ePsf] dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf, jf
-3_
d[To' ePdf .
-%_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qm kbdf
lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_
dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/]sf],
-v_
lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
-u_
rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
-3_
pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .
-^_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf]] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ sfg'g adf]lhd
x'g]5g\ . k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qm cfgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghx?nfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L
kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ ablng] 5}gg\ .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf] cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-&_ lgjf{rg cfof]usf] k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qm eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L
;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/,
-s_
lgjf{rg cfof]usf] cfo'QmnfO{ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmdf lgo'Qm ug{ o;
pkwf/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / s'g} cfo'Qm k|d'v cfo'Qmsf] kbdf
lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ cfo'Qm ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t
hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-v_
s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fgaLg ug]{ jf
s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g}
86

kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
@$%= lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ o; ;+ljwfg / sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL lgjf{rg
cfof]uaf6 /fi6klt, pk/fi6klt, ;+3Lo ;+;b, k|b]z ;ef, :yfgLo lgsfo / hgdt ;+u|xsf]
lgjf{rgsf]] ;+rfng, /]vb]v, lgb]{zg / lgoGq0f x'g]5 .
-@_ /fi6klt, pk/fi6klt, ;+3Lo ;+;b / k|b]z ;ef ;b:osf] nflu pDd]bjf/Lsf]
dgf]gog btf{ eO;s]sf] t/ lgjf{rg k"/f gx'Fb} s'g} pDd]bjf/ qmdzM wf/f ^*, (! / !&&
adf]lhd cof]Uo 5 jf x'g uPsf] 5 eGg] k|Zg p7]df To;sf] lg0f{o lgjf{rg cfof]un] ug]{5 .
-#_ lgjf{rg cfof]un] cfgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm, lgjf{rg cfo'Qm jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf]
cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfng ug]{ u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL lgjf{rg cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf
sfo{ljlw sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@$^= cfjZos sd{rf/L pknAw u/fpg' kg{] M o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfgf] sfd
k"/f ug{ cfjZos kg{] sd{rf/L / cGo s'/fx g]kfn ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg]5 .

87

efu@$
/fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u
@$&= /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u /xg]5 h;df
b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox /xg]5g\ M
-s_
dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{gsf] If]qdf ljlzi6 of]ubfg
k'ofPsf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf
GofofwLzsf] kbaf6 ;]jflgj[Q JolQm jf dfgj clwsf/sf]
;+/If0f / ;+j4{g jf /fli6o hLjgsf ljleGg If]qdf lqmoflzn
/xL ljlzi6 of]ubfg k'ofPsf Vofltk|fKt JolQmx dWo]af6
cWoIf
-v_
dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g, afnaflnsfsf]
xslxtsf] If]qdf sfo{/t jf /fli6o hLjgsf
ljleGg If]qdf lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6 of]ubfg k'ofPsf
Vofltk|fKt JolQmx dWo]af6 rf/ hgf
;b:o
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf
/ ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug]5
{ .
-#_ /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5
jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf /fli6o dfgj
clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
/fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
lgh lj?4sf] dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf, jf
-u_
d[To' ePdf .
-%_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf jf
;b:o kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_
dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw xfl;n u/]sf],
-v_
sDtLdf rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf],
-u_
lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf avt /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf], jf
-3_
pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .
-^_ /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ sfg'g
adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:o cfgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd
lghxnfO{ dsf{ kg{] u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ ablng] 5}gg\ .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>[+Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf] cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-&_ /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L
;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
88

t/,
-s_

/fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn]

afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / s'g} ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf]
kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-v_
s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fgaLg ug{] jf
To:tf] ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug{] s'g}
kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
@$*= /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f
/ ;+j4{g tyf To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{GjognfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf]
st{Jo x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df plNnlvt st{Jo k"/f ug{ nflu /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un]
b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfd ug{]5 M
-s_
s'g} JolQm jf ;d"xsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNn\3g jf To;sf] b'?T;fxg ePsf]df
kLl8t cfkm}+ jf lghsf] tk{maf6 s;}n] cfof]u ;dIf k|:t't jf k|]lift u/]sf]
lgj]bg jf ph"/L jf s'g} ;|f]taf6 cfof]unfO{ k|fKt ePsf] hfgsf/L jf
cfof]usf] cfg} :jljj]sdf To;sf] 5fgaLg tyf cg';Gwfg u/L bf]ifL pk/
sf/afxL ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{],
-v_
dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn\3g x'gaf6 /f]Sg] lhDd]jf/L jf st{Jo ePsf]
kbflwsf/Ln] cfgf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f gu/]df jf st{Jo kfng gu/]df jf
lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ jf st{Jo kfngf ug{ pbf;Lgtf b]vfPdf To:tf] kbflwsf/L
pk/ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ ;DalGwt clwsf/L ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{],
-u_
dfgj clwsf/ pNn\3g ug{] JolQm jf ;+:yfsf lj?4 d'2f rnfpg' kg{]
cfjZostf ePdf sfg'g adf]lhd cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{],
-3_
dfgj clwsf/sf] r]tgf clej[l4 ug{ gful/s ;dfh;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{
ug{],
-_
dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn\3gstf{nfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL tyf ;hfo ug{ sf/0f /
cfwf/ v'nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfo ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-r_
dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt sfg'gsf] cfjlws kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug{] tyf
To;df ug'{ kg{] ;'wf/ tyf ;+zf]wgsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/;
ug{],
-5_
dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6o ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] g]kfn kIf aGg'
kg{] ePdf To;sf] sf/0f;lxt g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{] / kIf
alg;s]sf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] cg'udg u/L
sfof{Gjog gePsf] kfOPdf ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf
l;kmfl/; ug{],
89

-h_

dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn\3gsf ;DaGwdf /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] u/]sf]

l;kmfl/; jf lgb{]zg kfngf jf sfof{Gjog gug{] kbflwsf/L, JolQm jf
lgsfosf] gfd sfg'g adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs u/L dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gstf{sf]
kdf clen]v /fVg] .
-#_ dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ jf st{Jo kfngf ubf{ b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
s'g} JolQmnfO{ cfof]u ;dIf pkl:yt u/fO{ hfgsf/L jf aofg lng] jf askq
u/fpg], k|df0f a'g], bzL k|df0f bflvnf ug{ nufpFg] ;DaGwdf cbfntnfO{
eP ;/xsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{],
-v_
dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNn\3g x'g nfu]sf] jf eO;s]sf] ;"rgf cfof]un]
s'g} lsl;daf6 k|fKt u/]df s'g} JolQm jf lghsf] cfjf; jf sfof{nodf ljgf
;"rgf k|j]z ug{], vfgtnf;L lng] tyf To;/L vfgtnf;L ln+bf dfgj
clwsf/sf] pNn\3g;Fu ;DalGwt lnvt, k|df0f jf ;a't sAhfdf lng],
-u_
s'g} JolQmsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNn\3g eO/x]sf] s'/f hfgsf/L eO{ tTsfn
sf/afxL ug{' kg{] cfjZos b]lvPdf lagf ;"rgf ;/sf/L sfof{no jf cGo
7fpFdf k|j]z ug{] / p4f/ ug{],
-3_
dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3gaf6 kLl8tnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ lbg cfb]z
lbg],
-_
sfg'g adf]lhd cGo clwsf/sf] k|of]u / st{Josf] kfngf ug{] jf u/fpg] .

90

efu@%
/fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo cfof]u
@$(= /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo
cfof]u /xg]5 h;df cWoIf ;lxt a9Ldf kfFr hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo
cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:ox?sf] lgo'lQm ug]]5
{ .
-#_ /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm
ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf /fli6o
k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
/fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
lgh lj?4 dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf, jf
-u_
d[To' ePdf .
-%_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo
cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_
dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DalGwt ljifodf sDtLdf :gftsf]Q/ pkflw
xfl;n u/L k|fs[lts ;|f]t jf ljQ Joj:yfkg, cy{zf:q, sfg'g, Joj:yfkg
ljifodf ljz]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf],
-v_
lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
-u_
rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
-3_
pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .
-^_ /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf
zt{ sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5g\ / lghx? axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf
zt{ ablng] 5}gg\ .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>[+Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf] cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-&_ /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo
;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/,
-s_
/fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'Qm ug{ o;
pkwf/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] cfof]usf] s'g} ;b:o cfof]usf]
cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf]
cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-v_
s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fgaLg ug{] jf
To:tf] ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug{] s'g}
91

kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
@%)= /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t
tyf ljQLo cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_
;+ljwfg / sfg'g adf]lhd ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo
;/sf/aLr /fh:jsf] afF8kmfF6 ug]{ lj:t[t cfwf/ / ;+oGq to ug]{,
-v_
;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] ;dfgLs/0f
cg'bfg ;DaGwdf sfg'g adf]lhd l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-u_
/fli6o gLlt tyf sfo{qmd, dfgs, k"jf{wf/sf] cj:yf cg';f/ k|b]z / :yfgLo
;/sf/nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] ;zt{ cg'bfgsf] ;DaGwdf cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L
cfwf/ tof/ ug]{,
-3_
k|b]z ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/aLr /fh:jsf] afF8kmfF6 ug]{
lj:t[t cfwf/ / ;+oGq to ug]{,
-_
;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] vr{ lhDd]jf/L / /fh:j c;'nLdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{
pkfox?sf] l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-r_
;dli6ut cfly{s ;"rsxsf] ljZn]if0f u/L ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/n]
lng ;Sg] cfGtl/s C0fsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-5_
;+3 / k|b]z ;/sf/sf] /fh:j afF8kmfF6 cfwf/sf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L kl/dfh{gsf]
l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-h_
ljQLo tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF6 ;DaGwL ljifodf ;+3 / k|b]z, k|b]z
k|b]z, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx tyf :yfgLo txx? aLr p7\g] ljjfbdf
;dGjofTds ?kdf sfd ;'emfj lbg] .
-@_ /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/, /fh:jsf]
afF8kmfF6 ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ lj:t[t cfwf/, cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] of]Uotf, ;]jfsf zt{
nufot cGo ljifox? sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo cfof]unfO{ k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF6 / ;f];Fu
;DalGwt jftfj/0fsf] ljifodf p7\g ;Sg] ;+efljt ljjfbx? klxNofO{ cfjZos cWoog
cg';Gwfg u/L ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-$_ /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo cfof]usf cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ sfg'g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .

92

@%!=

efu@^
/fli6o dlxnf cfof]u
/fli6o dlxnf cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6o dlxnf cfof]u /xg]5 . h;df cWoIf / cGo
rf/hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6o dlxnf cfof]usf cWoIf /
;b:ox?sf] lgo'lQm ug]5
{ .
-#_ /fli6o dlxnf cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5
jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf /fli6o dlxnf
cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
/fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
k}+;L jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePdf,
-u_
lgh lj?4sf] dxfleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf, jf
-3_
d[To' ePdf .
-%_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm /fli6o dlxnf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf]
kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_
sDtLdf bz jif{ dlxnfsf] xs, lxt jf n}ls Gofo jf dlxnf ljsf; jf dfgj
clwsf/ / sfg'gsf] If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'ofPsf] dlxnf,
-v_
cWoIfsf] xsdf dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw xfl;n u/]sf],
-u_
rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf],
-3_
lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf] avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf], /
-_
pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .
-^_ /fli6o dlxnf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ sfg'g adf]lhd
x'g]5g\ / lghx? axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ ablng] 5}gg\ .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf] cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-&_ /fli6o dlxnf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf
lgo'Qm x'gsf] nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/,
-s_
/fli6o dlxnf cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn] afwf
k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd s'g} ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf
lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf
ul/g]5 .
-v_
s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fgaLg ug{] jf
To:tf] ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug{] s'g}
93

@%@=

kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
/fli6o dlxnf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ /fli6o dlxnf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_
dlxnfsf] xs lxt;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf]
th'{df u/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]z ug]{,
-v_
dlxnfsf] xs lxt;Fu ;DalGwt sfg'gsf] kfngf eP jf gePsf] jf g]kfn kIf
ePsf] cGt/f{li6o ;lGw cGtu{tsf] bfloTj sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] ljifodf
cg'udg u/L kfngf jf sfof{Gjog gePsf] eP ;f]sf] kfngf jf sfof{Gjogsf]
nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg],
-u_
dlxnfnfO{ /fli6o ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxdf ;dflxt ug{sf nflu tyf /fHosf
;a} c+ux?df ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf Pj+ nfu" ul/Psf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf]
;dLIff, cg'udg tyf d"Nofg ug]{ / ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu
g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-3_
n}ls ;dfgtf, dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f tyf dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt sfg'gL
Joj:yfsf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg u/L To:tf sfg'gdf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/sf ;DaGwdf
;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ / ;f]sf] cg'udg ug]{,
-_
dlxnf clwsf/;+u ;DalGwt g]kfn kIf ePsf] cGt/f{li6o ;lGw ;Demf}tfdf
ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd g]kfnn] k7fpg' kg]{ k|ltj]bgsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] cg'udg ug]{,
-r_
dlxnf lx+;f jf ;fdflhs s'/Lltaf6 kLl8t jf dlxnf clwsf/ k|of]u ug{
glbPsf] jf jl~rt u/]sf] ljifodf s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yf lj?4 d'2f bfo/ ug'{kg]{
cfjZostf b]lvPdf sfg'g adf]lhd cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfo
;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-5_
sfg'g adf]lhd tf]lsPsf cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
-@_ /fli6o dlxnf cfof]un] cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/dWo] cfjZostf cg';f/ s]xL
clwsf/ ;f] cfof]usf] cWoIf, ;b:o, ;ldlt, pk;ldlt jf clws[t:t/sf] sd{rf/L jf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] clws[t:t/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

94

@%#=

efu@&
/fli6o blnt cfof]u
/fli6o blnt cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6o blnt cfof]u /xg]5 h;df cWoIf / cGo rf/
hgf ;b:o /xg] 5g\ .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6o blnt cfof]usf cWoIf /
;b:ox?sf] lgo'lQm ug]5
{ .
-#_ /fli6o blnt cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5
jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf /fli6o blnt
cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
/fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
k}+;L jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePdf,
-u_
lghsf] lj?4 k]z ePsf] dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf, jf
-3_
d[To' ePdf .
-%_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm /fli6o blnt cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf]
kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_
sDtLdf bz jif{ blnt ;d'bfosf] xs lxt jf dfgj clwsf/ / sfg'gsf]
If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'ofPsf] blnt,
-v_
cWoIfsf] xsdf dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 sDtLdf :gfts pkflw k|fKt
u/]sf],
-u_
rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf],
-3_
lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf] avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf], /
-_
pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .
-^_ /fli6o blnt cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ sfg'g adf]lhd
x'g]5g\ / lgh axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ ablng] 5}gg\ .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>[+Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf] cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-&_ /fli6o blnt cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf
lgo'Qm x'g u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/,
-s_
/fli6o blnt cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn] afwf
k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / s'g} ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf]
kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-v_
s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fgaLg ug{] jf
To:tf] ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug{] s'g}
95

kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
@%$= /fli6o blnt cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ /fli6o blnt cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_
g]kfnsf blnt ;d'bfosf] cWoog tyf cGj]if0f u/L To; ;DaGwdf ug{'kg{]
pko'Qm ljifo ;d]t klxrfg u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{],
-v_
hftLo 5'jf5"t, pTkL8g / lje]bsf] cGTo u/L blnt pTyfg / ljsf;sf]
nflu blnt lxt;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] /fli6o gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df u/L
sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]]z ug{],
-u_
blnt ;d'bfosf] pTyfg tyf lxtdf ePsf ljz]if Joj:yf nufot blnt
lxt;Fu ;DalGwt sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf kfngf eP jf gePsf] ljifodf
cg'udg u/L kfngf jf sfof{Gjog gePsf] eP ;f]sf] kfngf jf sfof{Gjogsf
nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf ;'emfj lbg],
-3_
blnt ;d'bfosf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt g]kfn kIf ePsf] cGt/f{li6o ;lGw
;Demf}tfdf ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd g]kfnn] k7fpg' kg]{ k|ltj]bgsf ;DaGwdf
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'udg ug]{,
-_
blnt ;d'bfonfO{ /fli6o ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxdf ;dflxt ug{sf nflu /fHosf
;a} c+ux?df ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf tyf nfu" ul/Psf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf]
;dLIff, cg'udg tyf d"Nofg ug]{ / ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu
g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-r_
sfg'g adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] cGo sfo{ ug{] .
-@_ /fli6o blnt cfof]un] cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ dWo] cfjZostf cg';f/ s]xL
clwsf/ ;f] cfof]usf] cWoIf, ;b:o jf ;b:o /x]sf] ;ldlt jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clws[t:t/sf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfngf ug]{ u/L k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

96

efu@*
/fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]u
@%%=

/fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]u /xg]5 h;df cWoIf / cGo
cf7hgf;Dd ;b:o /xg] 5g\ .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf cWoIf /
;b:ox?sf] lgo'lQm ug]]5
{ .
-#_ /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5
jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf cj:yfdf /fli6o
;dfj]zL cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 M
-s_
lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
k}+;L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
-u_
lghsf] lj?4 k]z ePsf] dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf, jf
-3_
lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-%_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf] cWoIf jf
;b:osf] kbdf lgo'lQm x'g of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_
sDtLdf bz jif{ ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f, ckf+utf ePsf JolQm, cNk;+Vos
Pj+ ;LdfGtLs[t ;d'bfo tyf lk5l8Psf] If]q / ju{sf] xs lxt jf ljsf; jf
dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'ofPsf],
-v_
cWoIfsf] xsdf dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw xfl;n u/]sf],
-u_
rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf],
-3_
lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf] avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf], /
-_
pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .
-^_ /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ sfg'g
adf]lhd x'g]5g\ / lgh axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ ablng]
5}gg\ .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>[+Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf] cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-&_ /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf
lgo'Qm x'g u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/,
-s_
/fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn] afwf
k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd s'g} ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf

97

@%^=

lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf
ul/g]5 .
-v_
s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fgaLg ug{] jf
To:tf] ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug{] s'g}
kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
/fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo
/ clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_
cflbjf;L hghftL, v; cfo{, dw]zL, yf?, d'l:nd, lk58fju{, ckfu+tf ePsf
JolQm, Ho]i7 gful/s, dhb"/, ls;fg, >lds, cNk;+Vos Pj+ l;dfGts[t
;d'bfo tyf lk5l8Psf] ju{ / s0ff{nL, tyf cfly{s ?kn] ljkGg ju{ nufotsf
;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg ug{],
-v_
v08 -s_ df plNnlvt ;d'bfo, ju{ / If]qsf] ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] nflu g]kfn
;/sf/n] cjnDag u/]sf] gLlt tyf sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog cj:yfsf] cWoog
u/L ;'wf/sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos ;'emfj lbg],
-u_
v08 -s_ df plNnlvt ;d'bfo, ju{ / If]qsf]] /fHo ;+oGqdf plrt k|ltlglwTj
eP gePsf] ;do ;dodf cWoog u/L To:tf] ;d'bfo, ju{ / If]qsf]]
k|ltlglwTjsf] nflu ul/Psf] ljz]if Joj:yfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg],
-3_
v08 -s_ df plNnlvt ;d'bfo, ju{ / If]qsf]] ;+/If0f, ;zQmLs/0f / ljsf;
;Gtf]ifhgs eP gePsf] cWoog u/L eljiodf cjnDag ug{' kg{] gLltsf]
;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{],
-_
s0ff{nL / lk5l8Psf] If]qsf] ljsf; / ;d[[l4sf] nflu canDag ug'{ kg]{ gLlt /
sfo{qmdsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg],
-r_
sfg'g adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] cGo sfo{ ug{] .
-@_ /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]un] cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/ dWo] cfjZostf cg';f/ s]xL
clwsf/ ;f] cfof]usf] cWoIf, ;b:o jf ;b:o /x]sf] ;ldlt jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clws[t:t/sf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfngf ug]{ u/L k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

98

efu@(
dxfGofoflwjQmf
@%&=

dxfGofoflwjQmf M -!_ g]kfndf Ps dxfGofoflwjQmf /xg]5 .

-@_ /fi6kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lgo'Qm ug]{]5 .
dxfGofoflwjQmf k|wfgdGqLsf] OR5fg';f/sf] cjlw;Dd cfkm\gf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .
-#_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz x'g ;Sg] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g]5 .
-$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltaf6 kbd'Qm ul/Pdf, jf
-u_ d[To' ePdf .
-%_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x
x'g]5 . dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] ;]jfsf cGo zt{ sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
@%*= dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ dxfGofoflwjQmf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo sfg'gL
;Nnfxsf/ x'g]5 . ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg'gL ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]lslbPsf]
cGo clwsf/LnfO{ /fo ;Nnfx lbg' dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/ lglxt /x]sf] d'2fdf dxfGofoflwjQmf jf
lghsf] dftxtsf clws[taf6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ul/g]5 . o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf
Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s s'g} cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfo jf clwsf/L ;dIf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
tk{maf6 d'2f rnfpg] jf grnfpg] eGg] s'/fsf] clGtd lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{
x'g]5 . cleof]hg sfo{sf] nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] cleof]hgstf{ tf]Sg
;Sg]5 .
-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 bfo/ ePsf] d'2f lkmtf{ ln+bf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] /fo lng'
kg]5
{ .
-$_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] ;+3Lo ;+;bn] jf To;sf] s'g} ;ldltn] cfjZos 7fgL cfdGq0f
u/]df To:tf] a}7sdf pkl:yt eO{ sfg'gL k|Zgsf] ;DaGwdf /fo JoQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ cfgf] kbLo st{Josf] kfngf ubf{ dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ g]kfnsf] h'g;'s} cbfnt,
sfof{no / kbflwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt x'g] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -@_ sf] cltl/Qm dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ cfgf] st{Jo kfng ubf{ b]xfosf]
sfd ug{] clwsf/ x'g]5 M
-s_
g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL jf k|ltjfbL eO{ bfo/ ePsf d'2f dfldnfdf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 k|lt/Iff ug]{,
-v_
d'2f dfldnfsf /f]xdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] u/]sf] sfg'gsf] JofVof jf k|ltkfbg
u/]sf] sfg'gL l;2fGtsf] sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] cg'udg ug]{ jf u/fpg],

99

-u_

@%(=

@^)=

lx/f;tdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL dfgjf]lrt Jojxf/

gu/]sf] jf To:tf] JolQmnfO{{ cfkmGt;Fu jf sfg'g Joj;foLdfk{mt e]63f6 ug{
glbPsf] eGg] ph'/L k/]df jf hfgsf/L x'g cfPdf 5fgaLg u/L To:tf] x'gaf6
/f]Sg ;DalGwt clwsf/LnfO{ cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg] .
-&_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] of] wf/f adf]lhd cfgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf]
cwLgdf /xL k|of]u / kfng ug]{ u/L cleof]hgstf{ jf dftxtsf clws[tnfO{ ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .
-*_ o; wf/fdf n]lvPsf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] cltl/Qm dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] cGo
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
jflif{s k|ltj]bg M -!_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] k|To]s jif{ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg'g adf]lhd cfk"mn]
;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 / /fi6kltn]
k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg ;+3Lo ;+;b ;dIf k]z ug{ nufpg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm dxfGofoflwjQmfn]
jif{el/df ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg'gL ljifodf lbPsf] /fo ;Nnfxsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f ;lxtsf] ;+Vof,
;/sf/ jfbL eO{ rn]sf d'2f ;DaGwL ljj/0f, g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL jf k|ltjfbL eO{ bfo/ ePsf
d'2f dfldnfdf k|lt/Iff u/]sf] ljj/0f tyf g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL eO{ rNg] d'2fdf eljiodf ul/g'
kg{] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 .
d'Vo GofoflwjQmf M -!_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] dftxtdf /xg] u/L k|To]s k|b]zdf Ps d'Vo
GofoflwjQmf /xg]5 .
-@_ d'Vo GofoflwjQmfsf] lgo'lQm ;DalGwt d'VodGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df k|b]zk|d'vaf6
x'g]5 . d'VoGofoflwjQmf d'VodGqLsf] OR5fg';f/sf] cjlw;Dd cfgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .
-#_ pRr cbfntsf] GofofwLz x'g ;Sg] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm d'VoGofoflwjQmfsf] kbdf
lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g]5 .
-$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf d'VoGofoflwjQmfsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_
d'VodGqL dfk{mt k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
d'VodGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df k|b]z k|d'vaf6 lghnfO{ kbd'Qm ul/Pdf
-u_
d[To' ePdf .
-%_ d'Vo GofoflwjQmf k|b]z ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;Nnfxsf/ x'g]5 / ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg'gL
ljifodf k|b]z ;/sf/ jf k|b]z ;/sf/n] tf]lslbPsf] cGo clwsf/LnfO{ /fo ;Nnfx lbg'
d'VoGofoflwjQmfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-^_ d'Vo GofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no cGtu{tsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] Joj:yfkg
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{non] ug]{5 .
-&_ d'Vo GofoflwjQmfsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf pRr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x
x'g]5 . d'Vo GofoflwjQmfsf] ;]jfsf cGo zt{ sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-*_ d'Vo GofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

100

@^!=

@^@=

@^#=

efu#)
/fli6o ;'/Iff ;DaGwL Joj:yf
/fli6o ;'/Iff kl/ifb M -!_ g]kfnsf] ;du| /fli6o lxt, ;'/Iff / k|lt/Iff ;DaGwL gLlt th'{df ug{
tyf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] kl/rfng, lgoGq0f / Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifbnfO{
l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox /x]sf] Ps /fli6o ;'/Iff kl/ifb /xg]5 M
-s_
k|wfgdGqL
cWoIf
-v_
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /Iff dGqL
;b:o
-u_
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] u[x dGqL
;b:o
-3_
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k//fi6 dGqL
;b:o
-_
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{ dGqL
;b:o
-@_ /Iff dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] /fli6o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] ;lrj eO{ sfd ug]{5 .
-#_ /fli6o ;'/Iff kl/ifbn] cfgf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 / /fi6kltn]
pQm k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb dfkm{t ;+3Lo ;+;b ;dIf k]z ug{ nufpg]5 .
-$_ /fli6o ;'/Iff kl/ifb ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
g]kfnL ;]gf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf, :jtGqtf / /fli6o Pstfsf]
/Iffsf nflu nf]stflGqs l;4fGtk|lt k|lta4 ;dfj]zL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Ps ;+u7g /xg]5 .
-@_ g]kfnL ;]gfdf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L, hghflt, v;cfo{, dw]zL, yf?, d'l:nd,
lk58f ju{ tyf lk5l8Psf] If]qsf gful/ssf] k|j]z ;dfgtf / ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df
sfg'g adf]lhd ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 .
-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd ljsf; lgdf{0f / ljkb Joj:yfkg
nufotsf cGo sfo{df ;d]t kl/rfng ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ /fi6kltn] sfg'g adf]lhd k|wfg;]gfkltsf] lgo'lQm / kbd'lQm ug]{5 .
-%_ ljkb Joj:yfkgdf g]kfnL ;]gf kl/rfng ePsf]df afx]s /fli6o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/; adf]lhd ;]gf kl/rfng ug]{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lg0f{o ePdf To:tf] lg0f{o ePsf]
ldltn] Ps dxLgf leq ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ljz]if ;'/Iff ;ldltdf k|:t't eO{ cg'df]bg x'g' kg]{5 .
-^_ g]kfnL ;]gf ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
g]kfn k|x/L, cw{;}lgs an / u'Ktr/ ;+u7g ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ ;+3df g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q
k|x/L / /fli6o u'Ktr/ tyf cg';Gwfgsf ;+u7g /xg]5g\ .
-@_ k|To]s k|b]zdf 5'6[} k|x/L ;+u7g /xg]5 .
-#_ g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L / /fli6o u'Ktr/ tyf cg';Gwfg ;+u7g ;DaGwL cGo
Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

101

efu#!
/fhgLlts bn ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@^$= /fhgLlts bnsf] u7g, btf{ / ;~rfng M -!_ ;dfg /fhgLlts ljrf/wf/f, bz{g / sfo{qmddf
k|ltj4 JolQmxn] wf/f @@ sf] pkwf/f -@_ sf] v08 -u_ cGtu{t ag]sf] sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL
/fhgLlts bn u7g u/L ;~rfng ug{ / bnsf] ljrf/wf/f, bz{g / sfo{qmdk|lt hg;fwf/0fsf]
;dy{g / ;xof]u k|fKt ug{sf] nflu To;sf] k|rf/ / k|;f/ ug{, u/fpg jf ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu
cGo cfjZos sfd ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf /fhgLlts bnn] sfg'g adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f
u/L lgjf{rg cfof]udf bn btf{ u/fpg' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd bn btf{ u/fpg] k|of]hgsf] nflu lgj]bg k]z ubf{ ;DalGwt
/fhgLlts bnsf] ljwfg / jflif{s n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf cltl/Qm sfg'g adf]lhdsf cGo
sfuhft k]z ug'{ kg{]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd bn btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg lb+bf /fhgLlts bnn] b]xfosf zt{
k"/f ug'{ kg{]5 M
-s_
/fhgLlts bnsf] ljwfg / lgodfjnL nf]stflGqs x'g' k5{,
-v_
/fhgLlts bnsf] ljwfgdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{df Ps k6s ;f] bnsf ;+3Lo /
k|b]z txsf k|To]s kbflwsf/Lsf] lgjf{rg x'g] Joj:yf x'g' k5{,
-u_
bnsf] ljleGg txsf sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltdf g]kfnsf] ljljwtfnfO{ k|ltlalDat
ug]{ u/L ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g' k5{, .
-%_ s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] gfd, p2]Zo, lrGx jf em08f b]zsf] wfld{s jf ;fDk|bflos
Pstfdf vnn kfg{] jf b]znfO{ ljvl08t ug{] k|s[ltsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] /fhgLlts bn btf{ x'g]
5}g .
-^_ k|b]zdf ;d]t sfg'g adf]lhd /fhgLlts bn :yfkgf, btf{ / ;~rfng x'g ;Sg]5 .
@^%= /fhgLlts bnnfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg aGb]h M -!_ wf/f @^$ adf]lhd /fhgLlts bnsf] u7g u/L
;~rfng ug{ / bnsf] ljrf/wf/f, bz{g / sfo{qmdk|lt hg;fwf/0fsf] ;dy{g / ;xof]u k|fKt
ug{sf] nflu To;sf] k|rf/ / k|;f/ ug]{ sfo{df s'g} k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L agfOPsf] sfg'g jf
ul/Psf] s'g} Joj:yf jf lg0f{o of] ;+ljwfgsf] k|lts"n dflgg]5 / :jtM cdfGo x'g]5 .
-@_ s'g} Pp6} /fhgLlts bn jf Ps} lsl;dsf] /fhgLlts ljrf/wf/f, bz{g jf sfo{qmd
ePsf JolQmxn] dfq lgjf{rg, b]zsf] /fhgLlts k|0ffnL jf /fHo Joj:yf ;~rfngdf efu
lng kfpg] jf ;lDdlnt x'g kfpg] u/L agfOPsf] sfg'g jf ul/Psf] s'g} Joj:yf jf lg0f{o of]
;+ljwfgsf] k|lts"n dflgg]5 / :jtM cdfGo x'g]5 .
@^^= /fhgLlts bnsf] kdf lgjf{rgsf] nflu dfGotf k|fKt ug{ btf{ u/fpg' kg{] M -!_ lgjf{rgsf]
k|of]hgsf] nflu lgjf{rg cfof]uaf6 dfGotf k|fKt ug{ rfxg] wf/f @^$ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf]
k|To]s /fhgLlts bnn] sfg'g adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L lgjf{rg cfof]udf btf{ u/fpg'
kg{]5 .

102

@^&=

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg lb+bf /fhgLlts bnn] wf/f @^$ sf]
pkwf/f -#_ df plNnlvt ljj/0f v'nfpg'sf]] ;fy} ;f]xL wf/fsf] pkwf/f -$_ df plNnlvt zt{
;d]t k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
/fhgLlts bn ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M /fhgLlts bnsf] :yfkgf, btf{, ;~rfng / ;'ljwf tyf
tT;DaGwL cGo ljifo sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

103

@^*=

efu#@
;+s6sfnLg clwsf/
;+s6sfnLg Joj:yf M -!_ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf s'g} efusf] ;'/Iffdf o'4, afXo
cfqmd0f, ;z:q ljb|f]x, r/d cfly{s ljz[\vntf, k|fs[lts ljkb\ jf dxfdf/Lsf] sf/0fn] uDeL/
;6 pTkGg ePdf /fi6kltn] g]kfne/ jf g]kfnsf] s'g} vf; If]qdf nfu" x'g] u/L ;6sfnLg
cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ jf cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} k|b]zdf k|fs[lts ljkb\ jf
dxfdf/Lsf] sf/0fn] uDeL/ ;+s6 pTkGg ePdf ;DalGwt k|b]z ;/sf/n] g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf
o; wf/f adf]lhd k|b]z jf k|b]zsf] s'g} efudf ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z hf/L
ug{sf] nflu cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z To:tf] 3f]if0f jf cfb]z ePsf]
ldltn] Ps dxLgfleq cg'df]bgsf] nflu ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'j} ;bgdf k]z ul/g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd cg'df]bgsf] nflu k]z ePsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ;+3Lo ;+;bsf
b'j} ;bgdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtn] cg'df]bg
u/]df To:tf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ePsf] ldltn] tLg dxLgf;Dd sfod /xg]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd cg'df]bgsf] nflu k]z ePsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z pkwf/f -$_
adf]lhd cg'df]bg gePdf :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5 .
-^_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yf
cem} ljBdfg 5 egL pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw ;dfKt gx'Fb} csf{] Ps k6s tLg dxLgfdf
ga9fO{ ;+s6sfnLg 3f]if0f jf cfb]zsf] cjlw yk ug]{ k|:tfj ;+3Lo ;+;bdf k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'a} ;bgdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf
;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ltxfO ax'dtn] kfl/t ePdf To:tf] k|:tfjdf plNnlvt cjlw
;Ddsf] nflu ;6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z sfod /xg]5 .
-*_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ePkl5 To:tf]
cj:yfsf] lgjf/0f ug{ /fi6kltn] cfjZos cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L hf/L ePsf] cfb]z
;6sfnLg cj:yf axfn /x];Dd sfg'g ;/x nfu" x'g]5 .
-(_ /fi6kltn] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z hf/L ubf{
To:tf] ;f] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z axfn /x];Ddsf] nflu efu# df Joj:yf ePsf df}lns xs
lgnDag ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ wf/f @!, wf/f @@ sf] pkwf/f -@_ sf] v08 -u_ / -3_, wf/f @#, wf/f @$ sf]
pkwf/f -@_, wf/f @%, @^, @&, @(, #!, #$, #%, #^, #&, $), $! sf] pkwf/f -!_ / -@_, $#,
$$, $^, $*, %) / wf/f %! adf]lhdsf] ;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs / aGbL k|ToIfLs/0fsf]
pkrf/ k|fKt ug{] xs lgnDag ul/g] 5}g .
-!)_ pkwf/f -(_ adf]lhd o; ;+ljwfgsf] s'g} wf/f lgnDag ul/Psf]df ;f] wf/ff/f
k|bQ df}lns xssf] k|rngsf] nflu s'g} cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg jf To; ;DaGwdf s'g}
cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .
104

-!!_ o; wf/f adf]lhdsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z axfn /x]sf] cj:yfdf s'g} kbflwsf/Ln]
ablgot;fy s'g} sfd u/]af6 s;}nfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] Iflt ePsf] /x]5 eg] kLl8tn] ;f] 3f]if0ff
jf cfb]z ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] tLg dxLgfleq cfk"mnfO{ k/]sf] Iflt afkt Ifltk"lt{sf] bfaL ug{
;Sg]5 . To:tf] bfjL k/]df cbfntn] sfg'g adf]lhdsf] dgfl;a Ifltk"lt{ e/fOlbg / kL8snfO{
;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-!@_ o; wf/f adf]lhdsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z /fi6kltn] h'g;'s} avt lkmtf{ lng
;Sg]5 .

105

@^(=

efu##
;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg
;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg M -!_ g]kfnsf] :jfwLgtf, ;fj{ef}ldstf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf, hgtfdf lglxt
;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L of] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ / o; ;+ljwfgsf] cGo wf/fsf] cwLgdf /xL o; ;+ljwfgsf] s'g}
wf/fnfO{ ;+zf]wg jf vf/]h ug]{ ljw]os ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} klg ;bgdf k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ pkwf/f -!_ nfO{ ;+zf]wg ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljw]os ;DalGwt ;bgdf k|:t't ePsf] tL;
lbgleq ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljw]os s'g} k|b]zsf] ;Ldfgf kl/jt{g jf
cg';"rL% df plNnlvt ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ePdf To:tf] ljw]os ;+3Lo ;+;bdf k|:t't
ePsf] tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt ;bgsf] ;efd'v jf cWoIfn] ;xdltsf nflu k|b]z ;efdf
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k7fO{Psf] ljw]os tLg dlxgfleq ;DalGwt k|b]z ;efsf
tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{{ ;b:oxsf] ax'dtaf6 :jLs[t jf c:jLs[t u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L
;+3Lo ;+;b\df k7fpg' kg{]5 .
t/ s'g} k|b]z ;ef sfod g/x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] k|b]z ;ef u7g eO{ ;f]sf] klxnf]
a}7s a;]sf] ldltn] tLg dxLgfleq :jLs[t jf c:jLs[t u/L k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq ax';+Vos k|b]z ;efn] To:tf] ljw]os c:jLs[t
u/]sf] ;"rgf ;+3Lo ;+;b\sf] ;DalGwt ;bgnfO{ lbPdf To:tf] ljw]os lgis[o x'g]5 .
-&_ k|b]z ;efsf] ;xdlt cfjZos gkg{] jf pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd ax';+Vos k|b]z
;efaf6 :jLs[t eO{ cfPsf] ljw]os ;+3Lo ;+;b\sf b'a} ;bgdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{
;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ug{' kg{]5 .
-*_ pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd kfl/t ePsf] ljw]os k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu /fi6klt ;dIf
k]z ul/g]5 .
-(_ /fi6kltn] pkwf/f -*_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljw]os k|fKt ePsf] kGw|lbg leq
k|df0fLs/0f ug{]5 / k|df0fLs/0f ePsf] ldlt b]lv ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'g]5 .

106

efu#$
ljljw
@&)= hgdt ;+u|x ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ /fli6o dxTjsf] s'g} ljifodf hgdt ;+u|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{
cfjZos 5 egL ;+3Lo ;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?sf] b'O{ ltxfO ;b:osf]
ax'dtaf6 lg0f{o ePdf To:tf] ljifodf hgdt ;+u|xaf6 lg0f{o lng ;lsg]5 .
-@_ hgdt ;+u|x / tT;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@&!= dfkmL M /fi6kltn] s'g} cbfnt, Goflos jf cw{Goflos lgsfo jf k|zf;sLo kbflwsf/L jf
lgsfon] u/]sf] ;hfonfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd dfkmL, d'NtjL, kl/jt{g jf sd ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@&@= pkflw, ;Ddfg / lje"if0f M -!_ /fi6kltn] g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 k|bfg ul/g] pkflw, ;Ddfg /
lje"if0fx k|bfg ug{]5 .
-@_ g]kfnsf] s'g} gful/sn] s'g} ljb]zL d'n'ssf] ;/sf/af6 k|bfg ul/g] pkflw,
;Ddfg jf lje"if0f u|x0f ug{' cl3 g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[lt k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
@&#= ;lGw ;DkGg ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf ug]{ clwsf/ ;+3df lglxt /xg]5 .
-@_ k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf kg{] ljifodf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
;DalGwt k|b]z;Fu k/fdz{ ug{' kg]{5 .
-#_ k|fb]lzs dlGqkl/ifbn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;xdlt lnO{ cfly{s tyf cf}Bf]lus ljifosf
s/f/hGo ;Demf}tf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@&$= ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g M -!_ g]kfn /fHo jf g]kfn ;/sf/
kIf x'g] ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g sfg'gf/f lgwf{/0f eP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd sfg'g agfpFbf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf ljifosf ;lGw
jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'j} ;bgdf tTsfn
sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtn] ug'{kg]{ zt{ /flvg]5 M
-s_ zflGt / d}qL,
-v_ ;'/Iff Pj+ ;fdl/s ;DaGw,
-u_ g]kfn /fHosf] ;Ldfgf, /
-3_ k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf To;sf] pkof]usf] afF8kmfF6 .
-#_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 x'g] s'g} ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf o; wf/f adf]lhd cg'df]bg,
;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g geP;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn /fHosf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-$_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfnsf] k|fb]lzs
cv08tfdf k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L s'g} ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf ul/g] 5}g .
@&%= k|wfgdGqLn] /fi6fWoIfsf] sfo{ ug]{ ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd /fi6klt /
pk/fi6kltsf] kb Ps;fy l/Qm ePdf o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd /fi6kltaf6 ul/g] sfo{
k|wfgdGqLn] ;Dkfbg ug]{5 .

107

@&^=

ljz]if clwsf/sf] ;dLIff tyf k'g/fjnf]sg M g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|To]s bz jif{df ul/g] /fli6o
hgu0fgf;Fu} dlxnf tyf blnt ;d'bfosf] ljz]if clwsf/sf] Joj:yfsf] sfo{fGjog / To;sf]
k|efj ;DaGwdf dfgj ljsf; ;"rsfssf] cfwf/df ;dLIff tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{5 .
@&&= g]kfnL /fhb"t / ljz]if k|ltlglw M /fi6kltn] ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL /fhb"t / s'g}
vf; k|of]hgsf] nflu ljz]if k|ltlglw lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@&*= ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd k|wfg GofofwLz / ;+j}wflgs
lgsfosf k|d'v / kbflwsf/Lxsf] lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:o
/x]sf] Ps ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb /xg]5 M
-s_
k|wfgdGqL
cWoIf
-v_
k|wfg GofofwLz
;b:o
-u_
k|ltlglw;efsf] ;efd'v
;b:o
-3_
/fli6o ;efsf] cWoIf
;b:o
-_
k|ltlglw;efsf] ljkIfL bnsf] g]tf
;b:o
-r_
ljleGg ;/sf/L ;]jf jf sfg'g tyf Gofo jf /fli6o
hLjgsf ljleGg If]qdf ljlzi6 Voflt k|fKt u/]sf
JolQmx?dWo]af6 dlGqkl/ifbn] dgf]gog u/]sf]
Ps hgf dlxnf
;b:o
-@_ k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf k|wfg GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQmsf]
l;kmfl/; ubf{ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Gofo dGqL ;b:osf] kdf /xg]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -r_ adf]lhdsf] ;b:osf] kbfjlw dgf]gog ug{] dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
sfo{sfne/ x'g]5 .
-$_ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbn] k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf s'g} k|d'v jf
kbflwsf/Lsf] kb l/Qm x'g'eGbf Ps dxLgf cufj} o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd lgo'lQmsf] nflu
l;kmfl/; ug{' kg{]5 .
t/ d[To' eO{ jf /fhLgfdf lbO{ To:tf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf l/Qm ePsf] ldltn] Ps
dxLgfleq kbk"lt{ x'g] u/L lgo'lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug{' kg{]5 .
-%_ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf k|wfg GofofwLz jf
;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v jf kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'lQm ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw ;+3Lo sfg'g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-^_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrjn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] ;lrj eO{ sfd ug{]5 .
@&(= ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] u7g M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] b]zsf] k|zf;g ;~rfng ug{ lghfdtL ;]jf, Gofo
;]jf / cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo ;]jfx?sf] u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf ;]jfx?sf] u7g,
;~rfng / ;]jfsf zt{ P]g adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
-@_ k|b]z, ufpFFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfn] cfkm\gf] k|zf;g ;~rfng ug{ cfjZostf
cg';f/ sfg'g adf]lhd ljleGg ;/sf/L ;]jfxsf] u7g / ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

108

@*)= lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u M -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+3Lo ;+;b, k|b]z ;ef, ufpFF;ef /
gu/;efsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]] b]xfosf
cWoIf / ;b:o /x]sf] lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf] u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] ;]jflgj[Q GofofwLz
cWoIf
-v_
e"uf]nljb\ Ps hgf
;b:o
-u_
;dfhzf:qL jf dfgjzf:qL Ps hgf
;b:o
-3_
k|zf;gljb jf sfg'gljb Ps hgf
;b:o
-_
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] clws[t
;b:o ;lrj
-@_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] lgo'lQm g]kfn ;/sf/n]
ug]{5 .
-#_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf] sfof{jlw ;f] cfof]u u7g ubf{sf avt tf]s]
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf] cWoIf jf
;b:osf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_
dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DalGwt ljifodf sDtLdf :gftsf]Q/ pkflw
k|fKt u/]sf],
-v_
rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
-u_
pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .
-%_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm
x'g]5 M
-s_
lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_
g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifbn] x6fPdf, jf
-v_
lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-^_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]un] o; wf/f adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{
e"uf]n / hg;+VofnfO{ k|ltlglwTjsf] cfwf/ dfgL To:tf] lgjf{rg If]qsf] e"uf]n, hg;+Vof /
;b:o ;+Vof aLrsf] cg'kft oyf;Dej ;dfg x'g] u/L lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;f] If]qsf] hg;+Vofsf] 3gTj,
ef}uf]lns ljlzi6tf, k|zf;lgs Pj+ oftfoftsf] ;'udtf, ;fd'bflos tyf ;f+:s[lts kIfnfO{
;d]t Wofg lbg' kg]{5 .
-*_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]uf/f lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] / k'g/fjnf]sg
ul/Psf] ljifodf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg kfOg] 5}g .
-(_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]un] cfkm"n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] k|ltj]bg g]kfn
;/sf/ ;dIf k]z ug{]5 .
-!)_ g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifbn] pkwf/f -(_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bg ;+3Lo ;+;b ;dIf
k]z ug{'sf] cltl/Qm sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lgjf{rg cfof]udf k7fpg]5 .
109

-!!_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]un] cfgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
-!@_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf qmdzM
lgjf{rg cfof]usf k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qm ;/x x'g]5 .
-!#_ pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ePsf] lgjf{rg If]qsf] x/]s aL; jif{df
k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!$_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]unfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] pknAw
u/fpg]5 .
@*!= efiff cfof]usf] :yfkgf M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq g]kfn ;/sf/n]
k|b]zx?sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L Ps efiff cfof]usf] :yfkgf ug{]5 .
-@_ efiff cfof]udf cWoIfsf cltl/Qm cfjZos ;+Vofdf ;b:ox? /xg]5g\ .
-#_ efiff cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_
;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiffsf ?kdf dfGotf kfpg k"/f ug'{kg]{ cfwf/x?sf]
lgwf{/0f u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf efiffsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-v_
efiffx?sf] ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g / ljsf;sf nflu cjnDag ug'{kg]{ pkfox?sf]
g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-u_
dft[efiffx?sf] ljsf;sf] :t/ dfkg u/L lzIffdf k|of]usf] ;DefJotfsf af/]df
g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf ;'emfj k]z ug]{,
-3_
efiffx?sf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg / cg'udg ug]{ .
-$_ efiff cfof]un] pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ cfof]u u7g ePsf]
ldltn] kfFr jif{ leq ;DkGg ug]{5 .
-%_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|fb]lzs ;/sf/;Fu ;dGjo u/L k|b]zdf cfof]usf zfvfx? :yfkgf
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ efiff cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg'g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@*@= kbflwsf/Lsf] gful/stf ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ /fi6klt, pk/fi6klt, k|wfgdGqL, k|wfg
GofofwLz, k|ltlglw;efsf ;efe'v, /fli6o ;efsf cWoIf, k|b]z k|d'v, d'VodGqL, k|b]z ;efsf]
;efd'v / ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|d'vsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt, dgf]gLt jf lgo'lQm x'g j+zhsf] cfwf/df
g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df plNnlvt kb afx]s cGo ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] kbdf o; ;+ljwfg
adf]lhd lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g cLs[t g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] sDtLdf bz jif{,
hGdsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf], wf/f !# sf] pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] cLs[t
g]kfnL gful/s k|fKt u/]sf] jf g]kfnsf] gful/stf Tofu u/L k'gM j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL
gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] gful/sn] sDtLdf kfFr jif{ g]kfndf a;f]af; u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
@*#= ;+;bLo ;'g'jfO{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df
lgo'Qm x'g] kbflwsf/L, ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf GofofwLz, ;+j}wflgs cbfntsf GofofwLz, Gofo
kl/ifbsf ;b:o / /fhb"tsf] kbdf lgo'lQm k"j{ ;+;bLo ;'g'jfO{ x'g]5 .

110

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'j} ;bgsf ;b:ox? dWo]af6
sfg'g adf]lhd Ps ;+o'Qm ;ldlt u7g ul/g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;+o'Qm ;ldltdf /xg] ;b:on] ;+3Lo ;+;b\sf] pQm
sfo{sfne/ ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf pkl:yt eO{ ax; k}/aL ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
@*$= ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] sfd sf/afxLsf] cg'udg / d"Nofg M ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v /
kbflwsf/L ;+3Lo ;+;bk|lt pQ/bfoL / hjfkmb]xL /xg' kg]{5 . ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] sfd
sf/jfxLx?sf] cg'udg / d"Nofg k|ltlglw;efsf] ;DalGwt ;ldltaf6 x'g]5 .
@*%= ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg M -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf ;+j}wflgs lgsfon] cfk"mn]
u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug{]5 / /fi6kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t
To:tf] k|ltj]bg ;+3Lo ;+;b ;dIf k]z ug{ nufpg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]{ s'/fx? sfg'g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .

111

efu#%
;+qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf
@*^= ;+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf;+;bdf ?kfGt/0f x'g] M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod
/x]sf] ;+ljwfg;ef of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 :jtM Joj:yflksf;+;bdf ?kfGt/0f x'g]5 /
To:tf] Joj:yflksf ;+;b\sf] sfo{sfn g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# adf]lhdsf]
;+ljwfg;efsf] sfo{sfn k"/f geP;Dd sfod /xg]5 .
t/ To:tf] sfo{sfn k"/f x'g' cufj} o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg
x'g] ePdf To:tf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu pDd]bjf/sf] dgf]gogkq bflvnf ug{] cl3Nnf] lbg;Dd sfod
/xg]5 .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L x'Fbfsf avt Joj:yflksf;+;bdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf ljw]osx?
pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf;+;bdf :jtM x:tfGt/0f x'g]5g\ .
-#_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 k|b]z ;ef u7g geP;Dd cg';"rL% adf]lhdsf]
ljifodf sfg'g agfpg] k|b]z ;efsf] clwsf/ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ?kfGtl/t Joj:yflksf
;+;bdf /xg]5 . To;/L ag]sf] sfg'g of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] k|b]z ;ef u7g ePsf] ldltn] Ps
jif{kl5 To:tf] k|b]zsf] xsdf lgliqmo x'g]5 .
-$_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+3Lo ;+;b\n] ;Dkfbg ug{' kg{] sfd o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd
k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg geP;Dd pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf;+;bn] ug{]5 .
-%_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf] Joj:yflksf ;+;b\sf] ;lrjfno,
To;sf dxf;lrj, ;lrj / To;sf sd{rf/Lx? lghx?sf] lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf]
;]jfsf zt{x?sf] cwLgdf o;} ;+ljwfg adf]lhd sfod x'g] ;+3Lo ;+;b\sf] ;lrjfnodf sfod
x'g] 5g\ .
-^_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] clwj]zg rln/x]sf] /x]g5
eg] /fi6kltn] of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] clwj]zg
cfJx\fg ug]{5 .
@*&= /fi6klt / pk/fi6klt ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf]
/fi6klt / pk/fi6klt o; wf/f adf]lhd csf{] /fi6klt / pk/fi6klt lgjf{lrt geP;Dd cf
cfkm\gf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5g\ .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De eP kl5 /fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg wf/f @*^ sf]
pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf;+;b\af6 x'g]5 .
-#_ wf/f @*^ sf] pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd clwj]zg cfJx\fg ePsf] ldltn] Ps dlxgfleq
Joj:yflksf;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:osf] ax'dtf/f /fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf]
lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lgjf{lrt /fi6klt jf pk/fi6kltsf]] kb s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm
ePdf ;+3Lo ;+;b\sf] u7g geP;Dd wf/f @*^ sf] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf
;+;b\af6 lgjf{rg ul/g]5 .

112

-%_ o; wf/f adf]lhd lgjf{lrt /fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] kbd'Qm x'g], lghsf] lj?4
dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj k]z ug]{ tyf kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#
df Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-^_ o; wf/f adf]lhd lgjf{lrt /fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] kbfjlw wf/f ^^ adf]lhdsf]
lgjf{rs d08naf6 /fi6klt / pk/fi6klt lgjf{lrt eO{ sfo{ef/ g;Dxfn'~h]n sfod /xg]
5g\ .
@**= dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf]
dlGqkl/ifb pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] dlGqkl/ifb u7g geP ;Dd sfod /xg]5 .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De eP kl5 wf/f @*^ sf] pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd cfJx\fg ul/Psf]
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] clwj]zg k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg
u/L lghsf] cWoIftfdf dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g x'g]5 .
-#_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg geP;Dd k|wfgdGqLsf]
lgjf{rg, ljZjf;sf] dt, cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj tyf dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g ;DaGwL Joj:yf
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] k|fb]lzs dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g
geP;Dd k|b]zsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|of]u ug]{5 .
@*(= ;efd'v / pk;efd'v ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf
Joj:yflksf ;+;b\sf ;efd'v / pk;efd'v o; wf/f adf]lhd csf{] ;efd'v / pk;efd'v
lgjf{lrt geP;Dd cfcfkm\gf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5g\ .
-@_ wf/f @*^ sf] pkwf/f -^_ adf]]lhd Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] clwj]zg k|f/De ePsf]
ldltn] aL; lbgleq Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;efd'v / pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg ul/g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd x'g] ;efd'v / pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg k|lqmof, lghn]
kbcg's"nsf] cfr/0f gu/]sf] eGg] k|:tfj k]z ug]{ / kfl/t ug]{ k|lqmof g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
;+ljwfg, @)^# adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@()= Gofokflnsf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf ;jf]{Rr
cbfnt, ;+ljwfg;ef cbfnt, k'g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntx o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf]
Gofokflnsfsf] ;+/rgf tof/ geP;Dd sfod /xg]5g\ . of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g' cl3 bfo/
ePsf d'2fx / of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 bfo/ x'g] d'2fx tt\ tt\ cbfntaf6 lgk0f ug{
o; ;+ljwfgn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_
==================================================================================================== -xfn

ljBdfg ;a} txsf GofofwLzx?sf] lg/Gt/tf jf k'glg{o'lQm ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/L 6'+uf] nufpg
afFsL /x]sf]_
-#_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+j}wflgs cbfntsf] u7g eP kl5 ;+ljwfg;ef cbfntdf
ljrf/fwLg d'2fx? ;+j}wflgs cbfntdf ;g]{5g\ .
-$_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd pRr cbfnt :yfkgf eP kl5 k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf
ljrf/fwLg d'2fx? If]qflwsf/ ldNg] pRr cbfntdf ;g]{5g\ .
113

@(!=

-%_ of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd Joj:yf ul/Psf] ;}lgs ljz]if cbfnt u7g geP;Dd sfg'g
adf]lhd ul7t ;}lgs ljz]if cbfnt sfod /xg]5 / o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] ;}lgs ljz]if
cbfnt u7g ePkl5 ;f] cbfntaf6 km5\{f}{6 x'g afFsL /x]sf d'2fx o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf]
;}lgs ljz]if cbfntdf ;g]{5g\ .
-^_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt cbfnt afx]s cGo lgsfodf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf 5
dxLgfeGbf a9L s}b ;hfo x'g] kmf}hbf/L s;"/ ;DaGwL d'2f of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5
;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntdf ;g{]5g\ .
;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/L ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod
/x]sf ;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/LdWo] of] ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v gul/Psf ;+j}wflgs lgsfo /
kbflwsf/L o; ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 sfod /xg] 5}gg\ .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf ;+j}wflgs lgsfo o;} ;+ljwfg
adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] dflgg]5 / k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd tL lgsfodf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf
ljifonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg of] ;+ljwfgn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_
====================================================================================================-xfn

ljBdfg ;a} ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] lg/Gt/tf jf k'glg{o'lQm ;DaGwdf 5nkmn

u/L 6'+uf] nufpg afFsL /x]sf] ._
@(@=

:yfgLo lgsfo ;DaGwL Joj:yf M of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf :yfgLo
lgsfox? of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd :yfgLo txsf] ;+Vof / If]q lgwf{/0f geP;Dd sfod /xg]5g\ .
To;/L sfod /x]sf :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] lgjf{rg x'g]5 .
@(#= jt{dfg sfg'g nfu" /xg] M-!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf g]kfn sfg'g vf/]h
jf ;+zf]wg geP;Dd nfu" /xg] 5g\ .
t/ of] ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] sfg'g of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] klxnf]
clwj]zg a;]sf] ldltn] Ps jif{kl5 aflemPsf] xb;Dd :jtM cdfGo x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# adf]lhd ePsf zflGt k|lqmof ;DaGwL sfo{x?
o;} ;+ljwfg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
@($= afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg] clwsf/ M of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] lgjf{rg eO{ To;sf]
clwj]zg ga;];Dd ?kfGtl/t Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] clwj]zg rfn" g/x]sf] cj:yfdf of]
;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ s'g} afwf c8\sfp k/]df /fi6kltn] g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df To:tf] afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg cfjZos cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] cfb]z hf/L
eP kl5 tTsfn a;]sf] Joj:yflksf;+;b jf ;+3Lo ;+;b ;dIf cg'df]bgsf] nflu k]z ug{'
kg{]5 .

114

@(%=

efu#^
Kfl/efiff / JofVof
kl/efiff / JofVof M -!_ ljifo jf k|;n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ;+ljwfgdf,
-s_
cNk;+Vos eGgfn] sfg"gf/f lgwf{l/t k|ltzt eGbf sd hg;+Vof /x]sf
hftLo, eflifs / wfld{s ;d"xx? ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] cfg} hftLo,
wfld{s / eflifs ljlzi6tf ePsf], To;nfO{ arfO /fVg] cfsf+Iff /x]sf, lje]b /
pTkL8g ef]u]sf ;d"x ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-v_

wf/f eGgfn] o; ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ;Demg' k5{ .

-u_

gful/s eGgfn] g]kfnsf] gful/s ;Demg' k5{ .

-3_

k|b]z eGgfn] o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+3Lo OsfOdf ljefhg ul/Psf]

g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo OsfOsf] If]q / :j?k ;Demg' k5{ .

-_

kfl/>lds eGgfn] tna, eQf, lgj[lQe/0f / cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] kfl/>lds

tyf ;'ljwf ;d]t ;Demg' k5{ .

-r_

/fHozlQm eGgfn] /fHosf] sfo{kflnsf, Joj:yflksf / Gofokflnsf ;DaGwL

clwsf/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] cjlzi6 clwsf/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfFp5 .

-5_

ljw]os eGgfn] ;+3Lo ;+;b jf k|b]z ;efdf k]z ePsf] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg jf
P]gsf] d:of}bf ;Demg' k5{ .

-h_

;+3 eGgfn] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] txsf] ?kdf /xg] ;+3Lo tx
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf ljleGg k|b]z /
:yfgLo txsf] ;dli6ut :j?knfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .

-em_

;+j}wflgs lgsfo eGgfn] o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd :yfkgf ul/Psf clVtof/

b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, dxfn]vf k/LIfs, ;+3Lo nf]s;]jf cfof]u, lgjf{rg
cfof]u, /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQLo
cfof]u, /fli6o dlxnf cfof]u, /fli6o blnt cfof]u, /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]u
;Demg' k5{ .

-`_

;LdfGtLs[t eGgfn] /fhgLlts, cfly{s / ;fdflhs ?kn] k5fl8 kfl/Psf,

lje]b / pTkL8g tyf ef}uf]lns ljs6tfsf] sf/0fn] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] pkef]u ug{
g;s]sf jf To;af6 jl~rt /x]sf kl5Nnf] dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf+ssf] sfg'g
adf]lhd lgwf{l/t :t/ eGbf Go"g l:yltdf /x]sf ;d'bfo ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] clt;LdfGtLs[t / nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfo ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .

-6_

:yfgLo tx eGgfn] o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd :yfkgf x'g] ufpFFkflnsf,

gu/kflnsf / lhNnf;efnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

115

-@_ ljifo jf k|;n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ;+ljwfgdf JoQm ePsf s'/fx?sf] cwLgdf
/xL sfg'gsf] JofVof ;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yf g]kfn sfg'gsf] JofVofdf nfu" eP ;/x o;
;+ljwfgsf] JofVofdf klg nfu" x'g]5 .

116

efu#&
;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De / vf/]hL
@(^=
@(&=

;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgnfO{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ elgg]5 .

-@_ of] ;+ljwfg ;Djt\ b'O{ xhf/ axQ/ ;fn ====== dxLgfsf] === ut]b]lv k|f/De x'g]5 .
vf/]hL M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .

117

cg';"rL!
-wf/f * sf] pkwf/f -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
g]kfnsf] /fli6o em08f agfpg] t/Lsf
-s_

lsgf/fleqsf] cfsf/ agfpg] t/Lsf M

-!_
Pp6f l;ld|s /sf] /ftf] sk8fdf tNnf] efudf rflxPsf] hlt nDafOsf] /]vf afofFaf6
bflxg]lt/ lvRg] / o;nfO{ s v gfd /fVg] .
-@_
s af6 ;Lwf dfly u ;Dd s v sf] nDafO hltdf s v s} t[tLof+z yKbf hlt x'G5
Tolt nfdf] x'g] u/L s u /]vf lvRg] . s u df s af6 s v sf] nDafO hlt lnO{ 3
lrgf] nufpg] . v / 3 hf]8\g] .
-#_
v 3 /]vfdf v af6 s v hlt lnO{ lrgf] nfpg] .
-$_
x'Fb} s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ s u df kg]{ laGb' r af6 z'? u/L bflxg]lt/ 5 ;Dd
s v sf] nDafO hlt /]vf lvRg] .
-%_
u / 5 nfO{ hf]8\g] .
-v_ rGb| agfpg] t/Lsf
-^_
s v sf] rt'yf{+z hlt s af6 bflxg]df h lrGxf] nfpg] / ToxfFaf6 dfly s u sf]
;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ u 5 nfO{ em df 5'g] /]vf lvRg] .
-&_
u r sf] cfwf ` af6 s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ /]vf bfofFlt/ lvrL u 5 nfO{ 6 df
5'g] .
-*_
` 6 / h em /]vf sfl6Psf] 7fpFdf 7 lrgf] /fVg] .
-(_
` / 5 hf]8\g] .
-!)_ ` 5 / h em sfl6Psf] laGb'df 8 lrGxf] nfpg] .
-!!_ 8 nfO{ s]Gb| dfgL v 3 /]vfnfO{ Go"gtd cGt/ kg]{ u/L :kz{ ubf{ x'g] hlt b"/L kg]{
u/L h em /]vfsf] tNnf] efudf 9 lrgf] nufpg] .
-!@_ 8 df 5f]O{ s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ /]vf afofFaf6 bfofFlt/ lvRg] / o;n] s u nfO{ 5f]Psf]
laGb'sf] gfd 0f /fVg] .
-!#_ 7 s]Gb| lnP/ 7 9 Jof;f4{n] tNnf] efudf j[Q v08 lvRg] / 0f 8 af6 uPsf] /]vfnfO{
o;n] 5f]Psf] b'j} 7fpFdf qmdzM t / y gfd /fVg] .
-!$_ 8 nfO{ s]Gb| dfgL 8 y Jof;f4{n] tNnf] efudf cw{ j[Qfsf/ t y nfO{ 5'g] u/L lvRg] .
-!%_ 9 s]Gb| dfgL 9 8 sf] Jof;f4{n] t 9 y j[Q v08sf] b'j}tkm{ 5'g] u/L j[Q v08 lvRg] /
o;n] t 9 y nfO{ 5f]Psf] ljGb'x?sf] gfd qmdzM b / w /fVg] . b w nfO{ hf]8\g] . b 9
/ h em sfl6Psf] ljGb'sf] gfd g /fVg] .
-!^_ g nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ Jof;f4{ g w n] t 9 y sf] dflyNnf] efudf b'j} 7fpFdf 5'g] u/L cw{
j[Qfsf/ lvRg] .

118

-!&_

-u_

-3_

g nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ Jof;f4{ g 8 n] t 9 y sf] dflyNnf] efudf b'j} 7fpFdf 5'g] u/L
j[Q v08 lvRg] .
-!*_ o; cg';"rLsf] g+= -!^_ sf] cw{ j[Qfsf/ leq / g+= -!&_ sf] j[Q v08 aflx/ rGb|dfsf]
cf7j6f a/fa/sf sf]0f agfpg] .
;"o{ agfpg] t/Lsf M
-!(_ s r sf] cfwf k af6 s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ v df 5'g] u/L k km /]vf lvRg] .
-@)_ h em / k km sfl6Psf] ljGb' a s]Gb| dfg]/ 8 9 sf] Jof;f4{n] j[Qfsf/ k"/f lvRg] .
-@!_ a nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ 7 9 Jof;f4{n] j[Qfsf/ k"/f lvRg] .
-@@_ of] cg';"rLsf] g+= -@)_ sf] j[Qfsf/ aflx/ / of] cg';"rLsf] g+= -@!_ sf] j[Qfsf/leq
k/]sf] uf]n 3]/fsf] aLr efudf ;"o{sf] afx|j6f a/fa/sf sf]0fx? b'O{ r'Rrfx?n] h em
/]vfdf 5'g] u/L agfpg] .
lsgf/f agfpg] t/Lsf
-@#_ g 9 sf] rf}8fO hlt uf9f gLnf] /sf] lsgf/f em08fsf] cfsf/sf] aflx/L ;a}lt/sf]
;Ldfdf yKg], t/ em08fsf] kfFr sf]0fx?df rflx+ aflx/L sf]0fx? klg leq} ;/xsf
agfpg] .
-@$_ em08f 8f]/L nufO{ k|of]u u/]df dfly atfOPs} kl /fVg] . em08f n6\7Ldf 3';fg]{ xf] eg]
s u kl cfjZos k/] hlt lsgf/f rf}8\ofpg] . 8f]/L jf n6\7Lsf] k|of]udf s u sf]
kLdf Kjfn /fVg] .
:ki6Ls/0f M em08f agfpFbf lvlrPsf h em b w, r , 3, ` 5, 0f y, ` 6 / k km
/]vfx? slNkt x'g\ . To:t} ;"o{sf aflx/L / leqL j[Qfsf/x? tyf v'k]{ rGb| afx]s c?
j[Q v08 klg slNkt x'g\ . lognfO{ em08fdf b]vfOFb}g .

119

cg';"rL@
-wf/f ( sf] pkwf/f -!_ ;F+u ;DalGwt_
g]kfnsf] /fli6o ufg
;of+} y'Fuf km"nsf xfdL Pp6} dfnf g]kfnL
;fj{ef}d eO{ km}lnPsf d]rLdxfsfnL .
k|s[ltsf sf]6Lsf]6L ;Dkbfsf] cfFrn
jL/x?sf /utn] :jtGq / c6n
1fge"ld zflGte"ld t/fO{ kxf8 lxdfn
cv08 of] Kof/f] xfd|f] dft[e"ld g]kfn
ax'n hflt efiff wd{ ;+:s[lt 5g\ ljzfn
cu|ufdL /fi6 xfd|f] ho ho g]kfn .

120

cg';"rL#
-wf/f ( sf] pkwf/f -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
g]kfnsf] lgzfg 5fk

121

cg';"rL$
-wf/f ^! sf] pkwf/f -!_ / wf/f *& ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;+3sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL
qm=;+
!

ljifox?
/Iff / ;]gf ;DaGwL
-s_

/fli6o Pstf / ef}uf]lns cv08tfsf] ;+/If0f

-v_ /fli6o ;'/Iff ;DaGwL

@

s]Gb|Lo k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an, /fli6o u'Ktr/ tyf cg';Gwfg, zflGt ;'/Iff

s]Gb|Lo of]hgf, s]Gb|Lo a}+s, ljQLo gLlt, d'b|f / a}+ls\u, df}lb|s gLlt, ljb]zL cg'bfg,
;xof]u / C0f

b"/ ;~rf/ lgodg / lgoGq0f, s]Gb|Lo b"/ ;~rf/, /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] afF8kmfF6, 6]lnlehg /
x'nfs

eG;f/, cGtMz'Ns, d"No clej[l4 s/, ;+:yfut cfos/, JolQmut cfos/, /fxbfgL z'Ns,
le;f z'Ns, ko{6g b:t'/, ;]jf z'Ns b:t'/, b08 hl/afgf

k|fs[lts ;|f]taf6 k|fKt /f]oN6L

&

;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jf, Gofo ;]jf / cGo ;/sf/L ;]jf

s]Gb|Lo tYof -/fli6o / cGt/f{li6o dfgs / u'0f:t/_

s]Gb|Lo :t/sf 7"nf ljB't, l;+rfO{ / cGo cfof]hgf tyf kl/of]hgf

!)

s]Gb|Lo ljZjljBfno, ljZjljBfno dfkb08 / lgodg, s]Gb|Lo k':tsfno

!!

s]Gb|Lo :jf:Yo gLlt, -:jf:Yo dfkb08, u'0f:t/ / cg'udg, /fli6oljlzi6 ;]jf k|bfos
c:ktfn, k/Dk/fut pkrf/ ;]jf, ;?jf /f]u lgoGq0f_

!@

;+3Lo ;+;b, ;+3Lo sfo{kflnsf, :yfgLo tx ;DaGwL dfldnf

!#

cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/, ljlgdo, aGb/ufx, Sjf/]G6fOg

!$

cGt/f{li6o tyf cGt//fHo xjfO{ p8\8og, cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn

!%

k//fi6 tyf s'6gLlts dfldnf, cGt/f{li6o ;DaGw / ;+o'Qm /fi6 ;+3 ;DaGwL

!^

cGt/f{li6o ;lGw ;Demf}tf, ;'k'b{uL, kf/:kl/s sfg'gL ;xfotf / cGt/f{li6o ;Ldf Joj:yfkg

!&

/fli6o /]n tyf /fli6o nf]sdfu{sf] Joj:yfkg

!*

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+j}wflgs cbfnt, pRr cbfnt, lhNnf cbfnt tyf Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL
sfg'g

!(

gful/stf, /fxbfgL, le;f, cWofudg

122

@)

cf0fljs pmhf{, jfo'd08n / cGtl/If ;DaGwL

@!

af}l4s ;DklQ -k]6]G6, l8hfOg, k|ltlnlk clwsf/ ;d]t_

@@

o'4 / k|lt/Iff

@#

xftxltof/, v/vhfgf sf/vfgf tyf pTkfbg ;DaGwL

@$

gfk tf}n

@%

vfgL pTvgg

@^

/fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o kof{j/0f Joj:yfkg

@&

aLdf gLlt

@*

kmf}hbf/L, b]jfgL sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f

@*

Sofl;gf] tyf sfa{g ;]jf

#)

;+j}wflgs lgsfox? nufot s]Gb|Lo dxTjsf cfof]ux?

#!

;+3, k|b]z, / :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf jf ;femf ;"rLdf pNn]v gePsf] s'g}
ljifodf tyf of] ;+ljwfg tyf sfg'gdf gtf]lsPsf] ljifo

123

cg';"rL%
-wf/f ^! sf] pkwf/f -@_, wf/f !^) sf] pkwf/f -$_, wf/f !&#, wf/f @#) sf] pkwf/f -@_ / wf/f @^(
sf] pkwf/f -$_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL
qm=;+

ljifox?

1.

k|fb]lzs k|x/L k|zf;g / zflGt ;'/Iff

2.

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf, ;xsf/L ;+:yf, s]Gb|sf] ;xdltdf j}b]lzs cg'bfg / ;xof]u

3.

/]l8of], Pkm= Pd, 6]lnlehg

4.

kfl/>lds s/, 3/ hUuf /lhi6]zg z'Ns, ;jf/L ;fwg s/, cGtMz'Ns, dgf]/~hg
s/, lj1fkg s/, ko{6g, s[lif cfodf s/, ;]jf z'Ns b:t'/, b08 hl/jfgf

5.

k|fs[lts ;|f]taf6 k|fKt /f]oN6L

6.

k|fb]lzs lghfdtL ;]jf, Gofo ;]jf / cGo ;/sf/L ;]jf

7.

k|fb]lzs tYof

8.

k|b]z:t/sf ljB't\, l;+rfO cfof]hgf Pj+ cGo cfof]hgf tyf kl/of]hgf

9.

k|b]z:t/sf ljZjljBfno, pRr lzIff, k':tsfno, ;+u|xfno

10.

:jf:Yo ;]jf

11.

k|b]z ;ef, k|fb]lzs dlGqkl/ifb / ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwL

12.

k|b]zleqsf] Jofkf/

13.

k|fb]lzs xjfO{ ;]jf

14.

k|fb]lzs /]nj] / k|fb]lzs nf]sdfu{

15.

k|fb]lzs cg';Gwfg Ao'/f]

16.

k|fb]lzs ljB't\ cfof]hgf, l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf

17.

k|b]zleqsf ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] ef}lts Joj:yfkg / cGo cfjZos ljifo

18.

k|fb]lzs nf]s ;]jf cfof]u

124

19.

e"ld Joj:yfkg, hUufsf] clen]v / dfnkf]t ;+sng

20.

vfgL cGj]if0f / Joj:yfkg

21.

aLdf Joj:yfkg / ;~rfng

22.

efiff, ;+:s[lt, lnlk / wd{sf] ;+/If0f / k|of]u

23.

k|b]zleqsf] jg hn, hn pkof]u tyf kof{j/0f Joj:yfkg

24.

s[lif tyf kz' ljsf;, snsf/vfgf, cf}Bf]lusLs/0f, Jofkf/ Joj;fo, oftfoft,

dlb/f tyf k]o kbfy{ pTkfbg, lgdf{0f v/Lb laqmL

25.

k':ts tyf 5fkfvfgf

26.

u'7L Joj:yfkg

125

cg';"rL^
-wf/f ^! sf] pkwf/f -#_, wf/f *&, wf/f !^) sf] pkwf/f -$_, wf/f !&# ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf clwsf/sf] ;"rL
qm=;=

ljifox?

1.

kmf}hbf/L tyf b]jfgL sfo{ljlw / k|df0f / zky -sfg'gL dfGotf, ;fj{hlgs sfo{ /
clen]v / Goflos k|lqmof_

2.

cfjZos j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{, ljt/0f, d"No lgoGq0f, u'0f:t/ / cg'udg

3.

b]zsf] ;'/Iff;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf lgjf/s gh/aGb, sf/fuf/ tyf lx/f;t Joj:yfkg
/ zflGt ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf

4.

Ps k|b]zaf6 csf]{ k|b]zdf cleo'Qm, y'g'jf / s}bLsf] :yfgfGt/0f

5.

kfl/jfl/s dfldnf -ljjfx, ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f, ;DaGw ljR5]b, nf]kf]Gd'v, 6'x'/f, wd{k'q,
pQ/flwsf/ / ;+o'Qm kl/jf/_ ;DaGwL sfg'g

6.

;DklQ k|flKt, clwu|x0f / clwsf/sf] ;[hgf

7.

s/f/, ;xsf/L, ;fem]bf/L / Ph]G;L ;DaGwL

8.

6f6 kN6]sf] / bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL

9.

cf}iflw / ljifflb

10.

of]hgf, kl/jf/ lgof]hg / hg;+Vof lgoGq0f

11.

;fdflhs ;'/Iff / /f]huf/L, 6]8 o'lgog, cf}Bf]lus ljjfb, dhb"/sf xs, clwsf/ /
ljjfb ;DaGwL sfo{

12.

lrlsT;f, sfg'g Joj;foL / cGo k]zf

13.

JolQmut 36gf, tYof+s, hGd, d[To' btf{

14.

hndfu{, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, h}ljs ljljwtf

15.

;~rf/ dfWod ;DaGwL

16.

k'/ftTj, k|frLg :df/s / ;+u|xfno ;+/If0f ;DaGwL

17.

pBf]u tyf vlgh / ef}lts k"jf{wf/

18.

Sofl;gf], lr7\7f, ;jf/L ;fwg cg'dlt

126

19.

k|fs[lts tyf u}/ k|fs[lts ljkb k"j{ tof/L, p2f/ tyf /fxt / k'gnf{e

20.

ko{6g, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO

21.

rnlrq, l;g]df xn, v]ns"b

22.

aLdf

23.

ul/aL lgjf/0f / cf}Bf]lus/0f

24.

j}1flgs cg';Gwfg, lj1fg k|ljlw / dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;

25.

cGt/k|fb]lzs kdf km}lnPsf] hn, hnL hgfj/, r/fr'?L, lxdfn, /fli6o lgs'~h
tyf hn pkof]u

26.

e"ld gLlt / ;f] ;DaGwL sfg'g

127

cg';"rL&
-wf/f ^! sf] pkwf/f -^_, wf/f @!@ sf] pkwf/f -&_, wf/f @!( sf] pkwf/f -@_ / wf/f @@% sf] pkwf/f
-!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
:yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL
qm=;+ ljifox?
gu/ k|x/L, ;fd'bflos k|x/L
1.
;xsf/L ;+:yf
2.
Pkm= Pd ;~rfng
3.
4.

:yfgLo s/ -;DklQ s/, 3/ axfn s/, 3/ hUuf /lhi6]zg z'Ns, ;jf/L ;fwg s/_, ;]jf z'Ns
b:t'/, ko{6g z'Ns, lj1fkg s/, Joj;fo s/, e"lds/ -dfnkf]t_, b08 hl/jfgf, dgf]/~hg s/

5.

k|fs[lts ;|f]taf6 k|fKt /f]oN6L

:yfgLo ;]jfsf] Joj:yfkg
:yfgLo tYof / clen]v ;+sng
:yfgLo:t/sf ljsf; cfof]hgf tyf kl/of]hgfx?
k|fylds / dfWolds lzIff
cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO
:yfgLo ahf/ Joj:yfkg, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / h}ljs ljljwtf
:yfgLo ;8su|fdL0f ;8ss[lif ;8sl;+rfO{
ufpF ;ef, gu/ ;ef, lhNnf ;ef, :yfgLo cbfnt, d]nldnfk / dWo:ytfsf] Joj:yfkg
:yfgLo clen]v Joj:yfkg
3/ hUuf wgL k'hf{ ljt/0f
s[lif tyf kz'kfng, s[lif pTkfbg Joj:yfkg, kz' :jf:Yo, ;xsf/L
Ho]i7 gful/s, ckf+utf ePsf JolQm / czQmx?sf] Joj:yfkg
a]/f]huf/sf] tYof ;+sng
s[lif k|;f/sf] Joj:yfkg, ;+rfng / lgoGq0f
JolQmut 36gf, hGd, ljjfx, d[To' btf{
vfg]kfgL, ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgf -j}slNks phf{_
ljkb\ Joj:yfkg
hnfwf/, l;d;f/, aGohGt', vfgL tyf vlgh kbfy{sf] ;+/If0f
efiff ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

-8f= /lj zdf{ cof{n_

;lrj
;+ljwfg d:of}bf ;ldlt

-s[i0f k|;fb l;6f}nf_

;efklt
;+ljwfg d:of}bf ;ldlt

128