Centre for Languages and Pre-University Academic Development

International Islamic University Malaysia

2nd International Language Conference (ILC 2011)
22nd 24th April, 2011.

Developing Soft-skills in Language Learners

This is a summary of the American Psychological Association referencing guide. A
comprehensive guideline on APA formatting can be obtained from:
American Psychological Association (2001) Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington DC: American Psychological
Association

BOOKS
i.

Single Author
When only a single author is listed for a text, a typical reference entry will appear as
follows:
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. New York: Basic Books.

ii.

Multiple Authors
When a work has between two and six authors, cite all authors. When a work has more
than six authors cite only the last name of the first author followed by et al.
Roeder, K. et al. (1967) Nerve cells and insect behavior.
Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

iii.

Corporate authorship
When a work is published by a corporation or institution, a typical reference entry should
appear as follows:
University of Minnesota. (1985). Social psychology.
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

iv.

Edited collections
When an editor or editors is listed for a text, a typical reference entry will appear as
follows:
Higgins, J. (Ed.). (1988). Psychology. New York: Norton.

v.

No author identified
If no author is identified, begin with the title. Alphabetize these kinds of entries by the first
significant word in the title. A sample entry follows:
Experimental psychology (1938). New York: Holt.

PERIODICALS

i.

Journal article, one author

Bekerian, D. A.(1993). In search of the typical
eyewitness. American Psychologist, 48, 574 576.

ii.

Journal article, more than one author, journal paginated by issue

Klimoski, R. & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the
hiring process in organizations. Consulting Psychology
Journal: Practice and Research, 45 (2), 10 36.

iii.

Magazine article
Posner, M. I. (1993, October 29).Seeing the mind. Science,
262, 673 - 674

UNPUBLISHED THESIS AND DISSERTATION

Author, Initial. (Year) Title of dissertation. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, Name of University, City, State,
Country.
Author, Initial. (Year) Title of thesis. Unpublished
masters thesis, Name of University, City, State,
Country.

ELECTRONIC INFORMATION
i. An Article from the APA Monitor (a newspaper)
Sleek, S, (1996, January), Psychologists build a culture of peace,
APA Monitor, pp, 1, 33 Retrieved January 25, 1996 from
the World Wide Web: http://www.apa.org/monitor/peace.html

ii. Articles and Abstracts From Electronic Databases

Schneiderman, R, A, (1997), Librarians can make sense of the Net. San
Antonio Business Journal, 11(31), pp, 58+, Retrieved January 27,
1999 from EBSCO database (Masterfile) on the World Wide Web:
http://www.ebsco.com

GUIDELINES ON THE ENTRY OF MUSLIMS NAMES (ARABIC, MALAY AND

INDONESIAN) IN THE CITATION OF LITERARY WORKS
ARABIC NAMES
1.

Order of elements
When the elements of the name have been determined, place the best
known element or combination of elements first. Give the other
elements in the following order: khitab, kunyah, ism, patronymic,
any other name. Insert a comma after the entry element unless it is
the first part of the name.
a.

Khitab (honorific compound of which the last part is

typically al-Din)
Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi, Muhammad ibn Ishaq
not Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Qunawi, Sadr al-Din,
not al-Qunawi, Sadr al-Din Muhammad ibn Ishaq

b.

Kunyah (typically a compound with Abu or Umm as the first

word)
Abu al-Barakat Hibat Allah ibn Ali
not Hibat Allah ibn Ali, Abu al-Barakat

c.

Ism (given name)

Nashwan ibn Said al-Himyari
Not al-Himyari, Nashwan ibn Said

d.

Patronymic (typically a compound with Ibn or Bint as the

first word)
Ibn Hisham, Abd al-Malik
not Abd al-Malik ibn Hisham

e.

Other names
i. Laqab (descriptive epithet (nickname))
Al-Jahiz, Amr ibn Bahr
not Amr ibn Bahr al-Jahiz

ii. Nisbah (proper adjective ending in i, indicating origin,

residence, or other circumstances)
al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Ismail
not Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari

iii.Takhallus (pen name)

Qaani, Habib Allah Shirazi
not Habib Allah Shirazi Qaani

2.

Arabic names popularly known and written in a roman script,

English, etc.
a.

Persons under surname

i.

If the name of a person entered under surname is

written in a nonroman script, romanize the name
according to the table for the language adopted by the
cataloguing agency. Add vowels to names that are
not vocalized. Example;
Jamal Abd al-Nasir
not Gamal Abdel Nasser
4

ii.

If the name of a person is found only in a romanized

form in his or her works, use it as found. Example;
Maudoodi, Syed Abul Ala
not Mawdudi, Sayyid Abu al-Ala
not Maududi, Syed Abul Ala

If such a persons name is found in more than one romanized form in

his or her works, choose the forms that occur most frequently.

iii.

If a name is written in more than one nonroman

script, romanize it according to the table for the
original language of most of the works. Example;
Ali Muhammad Irtiza
not Ali Muhammad Irtida (wrote primarily in Persian
but also in Arabic).

b. In case of doubt as to which of two or more languages written in

the Arabic script should be used for the romanization, base
the choice on the nationality of the person or the language of
the area of residence or activity. If these criteria do not
apply, choose (in this order of preference): Urdu, Arabic,
Persian and any other language.
c. Persons under given name, etc. Example;
Omar Khayyam
not Umar Khayyam

MALAY NAMES
1. General rule
Enter a Malay name under the first element of the name and refer from
the last element unless it is known that the bearer of the name treats
another element of the name as a surname. In that case, enter under the
surname and refer from the first element. Example;
William Duncan
(Full name: William Duncan anak Ngadan)
not Duncan, William
not Ngadan, William Duncan anak
but
5

Merican, Faridah
(Surname: Merican)
not Faridah Merican

2.

Filial indicators
i.
Omit words or abbreviations denoting filial relationship
unless consistently used by the person. Example;
Adibah Amin
(sometimes appears as: Khalidah Adibah binti Haji Amin)
but
Abdullah Sanusi bin Ahmad
ii.
If filial relationship is shown beyond one generation, include
only the first unless more are required to distinguish between names
that are otherwise identical. Example;
Ali bin Ahmad
(Name appears as: Ali bin Ahmad bin Hussein)
not Ahmad, Ali bin
not Ali bin Ahmad bin Hussein
not Hussein, Ali bin Ahmad bin

3. Titles
i.
Add after the name titles of honour, rank, or position that are
commonly associated with the name. Refer from the direct form of
title plus name. Example;
Abdul Majid bin Zainuddin, Haji
not Haji Abdul Majid bin Zainuddin
not Zainuddin, Haji Abdul Majid bin

INDONESIAN NAMES
1. Entry elements
Enter an Indonesian name consisting of more than one element under
the last element of the name. Refer from the name in direct order
unless the first element is a European name.
a.

Compound given name. Example;

Hatta, Mohammad
not Mohammad Hatta
6

b.

Given name plus surname. Example;

Djajadiningrat, Idrus Nasir
not Idrus Nasir Djajadiningrat

c.

Given name plus fathers name. Example;

Nasution, Amir Hamzah
not Amir Hamzah Nasution

d.

Given name plus clan name. Example;

Purbatjaraka, Purnadi
not Purnadi Purbatjaraka

e.

Balinese name. Example;

Djelantik, I Gusti Ketut
not I Gusti Ketut Djelantik
not Gusti Ketut Djelantik, I
not Ketut Djelantik, I Gusti

f.
Balinese name containing an element indicating seniority of
children. Example;
Ginarsa, Ktut
Not Ktut Ginarsa
g.
Married womans name; last element may be the husbands
or the fathers name. Example;
Sani, Sitti Nuraini
not Sitti Nuraini Sani

2.
Names entered under the first element
Enter the following categories of names under the first element of
the name. Refer from the last element. If that element is an initial,
refer also from the next to the last element.
a.
A name consisting of a given name followed by an
element denoting filial relationship (e.g. bin, binti, ibni) plus
the fathers name. Example;
Abdullah bin Nuh
not Nuh, Abdullah bin

b.
A name that may be as one word or as separate words
and that begins with one of the following elements: Adi,
7

Budi (Boedi), Joko (Djoko), Karta, Kusuma (Koesoema),

Mangku (Mangkoe), Noto, Prawira, Pura (Poera), Sastra, Sri,
Surya (Soerya, Surja, Suria), and Tri. If the name of a
particular person sometimes appears as one word and
sometimes as separate words, use the one-word form.)
Example;
Adi Waskito
not Waskito, Adi

c.
A name containing an initial or abbreviation as the
last element. Example;
Djakaria, N.E.
not E., Djakaria N.

3.
Names consisting of given name(s) plus adat title
a.
Enter a name that includes one or more of the terms gelar
(sometimes abbreviated as gl. or glr.), Daeng, Datuk, or Sutan under
the element introduced by such words. Refer from the name in
direct order.
Palindih, Rustam Sutan
not Rustam Sutan Palindih

4.
Names containing place names
Enter a name consisting of personal names followed by a place name
under the element preceding the place name. Treat the place as an
integral part of the name.
Abdullah Udjong Buloh

5.
Names of Chinese origin
Enter a name of Chinese origin that follows the normal Chinese
order (surname first) under the first element of the name. Refer from
the last element of the name.
Lim, Yauw Tjin
(Name appears as: Lim Yauw Tjin)
not Tjin, Lim Yauw

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Begin reference list on a new page

Use double spacing throughout the reference list
Entries are arranged in alphabetical order of author
Multiple works by the same author should be listed chronologically with the earliest date first
Alphabetize name prefixes M, Mc and Mac literally, not as if they are spelled Mac
All references cited in the text must be cited in the reference list, and all titles cited in the reference
list must be cited in the text
Capitalize proper nouns and only the first word of the title and subtitle
Use n.d. (no date) when a publication date is not available
Pay particular attention to punctuations