Chuong1 1

Chng 1.
1:
Tng quan v Mng my tnh
ThS. NGUYN CAO T
E-mail:dat@hcmut.edu.vn
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh
2014
Mng my tnh 2
Chng 1: Tng quan v Mng my tnh
1
Ni dung
Cc khi nim c bn
B giao thc mng
Khi nim v mng my tnh,

Khi nim v giao thc
M hnh tham kho OSI
B giao thc TCP/IP
So snh gia TCP/IP v OSI
ng dng mng
Kin trc ng dng mng

Cc ng dng mng ph bin

2014
Mng my tnh 2
2
Khi nim v mng my tnh

PC
my ch
MTXT
khng dy
thit b
cm tay
im
truy cp
kt ni
c dy
Hng triu thit b tnh

ton c kt ni vi
nhau: hosts = h thng
Mng di ng
ISP quc gia
u cui
chy cc .dng mng
loi kt ni
cp quang, cp ng,
sng radio, v tinh
tc truyn ti =
Mng trong nh
ISP khu vc
Mng cng s
bng thng
(bandwidth)
b nh tuyn
2014
Mng my tnh 2
3
Giao thc
Qui tc cc thnh phn lin lc nhau.

Cn quan tm:
nh dng v th t thng ip trao i

Hnh ng khi nhn thng ip

2014
Mng my tnh 2
4
Giao thc c t
Kt ni vt l, tn hiu,
Qu trnh to kt ni
Xc thc
Thng lng cc thng s
Gii hn ca cc n v d liu
Cu trc d liu
Pht hin li
Sa li
Qu trnh kt thc kt ni

2014
Mng my tnh 2
5
Ni dung
Cc khi nim c bn
B giao thc mng

Khi nim v giao thc
M hnh tham kho OSI
B giao thc TCP/IP
ng dng mng
Kin trc ng dng mng


2014
Mng my tnh 2
6
M hnh tham kho OSI
Xy dng v pht trin bi

t chc ISO (International
Standards Organization).
Kin trc phn tng.

Mi tng s c nhng chc
nng nht nh.
Tng bn di s cung cp
nhng dch v nht nh cho
tng trn.
Giao tip ca cc tng ca
hai h thng s theo giao
thc.
Chi tit hin thc cc tng
s c cch ly.

2014
Mng my tnh 2
7
Kin trc m hnh tham kho OSI

2014
Mng my tnh 2
8
Chc nng c bn ca cc tng

2014
Mng my tnh 2
9
D liu qua mi tng

2014
Mng my tnh 2
10
B giao thc TCP/IP

2014
Mng my tnh 2
11
Chc nng ca cc tng trong TCP/IP

2014
Mng my tnh 2
12
D liu trong TCP/IP

2014
Mng my tnh 2
13
Hin thc TCP/IP trn h thng

2014
Mng my tnh 2
14
Giao tip trong TCP/IP
Hu ht cc my (host) dng mt b giao thc TCP/IP cho

nhiu ng dng c lin kt mng cng lc
De/multiplexing: cc ng dng mng chia s cng mt giao din

mng
1 Host = nhiu ng dng mng (Application)

1 Application = nhiu tin trnh (Process) giao tip mng
1 Process = Xc nh thng qua Port (TCP, UDP)
Socket = (@IP, Port, []) xc nh im kt ni (c sn trong API)

2014
Mng my tnh 2
15
So snh gia b giao thc TCP/IP v OSI

2014
Mng my tnh 2
16
Ni dung
Cc khi nim c bn
B giao thc mng

Khi nim v giao thc
M hnh tham kho OSI
B giao thc TCP/IP
ng dng mng
Kin trc ng dng mng


2014
Mng my tnh 2
17
Kin trc ng dng mng
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
Client-Server
Mi entity s c vai tr nh nhau trong kh nng giao tip.

Cng lc c th cung cp v yu cu dch v.
C th khi to kt ni khi cn thit.
Cu trc ng dng phn b.
My (hay chng trnh) Server cung cp dch v.
My khc (hay chng trnh) Client yu cu dch v.
Chng trnh server v client ni chuyn vi nhau bng cc thng
ip
VD: ng dng Web, DNS, File Server, Email,
Lai gia P2P v Client-Server

2014
Mng my tnh 2
18
Kin trc khch-ch

my ch:
lun lun kch hot

a ch IP c nh
h thng my ch cho vic
m rng
my khch:
khch/ch

2014
giao tip vi my ch
c th kt ni khng lin tc
c th c a ch IP ng
khng kt ni trc tip vi
ngi dng khc
Mng my tnh 2
19
Cu trc P2P
Khng c my ch
Cc my u cui lin lc
trc tip vi nhau
mt-mt
Cc bn thc hin kt ni
khng lin tc v c th
s dng a ch IP ng
Kh nng m rng cao

nhng kh qun l
2014
Mng my tnh 2
20
M hnh lai ca khch-ch v P2P

Skype
in thoi-IP: ng dng P2P

my ch tp trung: qun l a ch ca cc bn tham gia
kt ni khch-khch: trc tip (khng qua my ch)
Nhn tin trc tip
Hai ngi dng chat vi nhau bng P2P

My ch m bo: qun l ngi dng
Mgi dng ng k a ch IP vi my ch khi

h ng nhp
My ch cung cp danh sch bn b ang trn
mng
Mgi dng hi my ch c a ch IP ca
bn

2014
Mng my tnh 2
21

2014
Mng my tnh 2
22
WWW & HTTP

Giao thc truyn ti siu vn
bn HTTP (hypertext transfer
protocol)
giao thc ng dng web

m hnh khch/ch
khch: trnh duyt web yu
cu, nhn v trnh by cc
i tng web
ch: my ch Web gi tr
cc i tng theo yu cu
ca khch
PC chy
Firefox
My ch
chy dch v
my ch Web
Apache
Mac chy
Safari

2014
Mng my tnh 2
23
WWW & HTTP

S dng TCP:
khch khi to kt ni TCP ti

my ch ti cng 80
my ch chp nhn kt ni
TCP t khch
thng ip HTTP (thng ip
giao thc tng ng dng)
c trao i gia trnh duyt
web (khch HTTP) v my
ch Web (ch HTTP)
ng kt ni TCP

2014
HTTP l giao thc khng

lu gi trng thi
my ch khng lu bt k
thng tin no v ng/d
Nhng giao thc lu trng
hnthi
na
tng i phc tp
lch s duyt web phi c
lu gi
nu my ch/khch b hng
th thng tin v trng thi c
th khng thng nht, cn
phi cn chnh li
Mng my tnh 2
24
Thng ip truy vn HTTP
thng ip truy vn HTTP:
ASCII (nh dng con ngi c c)
dng truy vn
(cc cu lnh GET,
POST, HEAD)
GET /somedir/page.html HTTP/1.1

Host: www.someschool.edu
User-agent: Mozilla/4.0
cc dng Connection: close
mo u Accept-language:fr
Xung dng
bo hiu kt thc
thng ip

2014
(du xung dng ph)
Mng my tnh 2
25
Thng ip phn hi HTTP

dng trng thi
(giao thc
m trng thi
cu trng thi)
cc dng
mo u
d liu, vd:
tp HTML
c yu cu

2014
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection close
Date: Thu, 06 Aug 1998 12:00:15 GMT
Server: Apache/1.3.0 (Unix)
Last-Modified: Mon, 22 Jun 1998 ...
Content-Length: 6821
Content-Type: text/html
d liu ... d liu ...
Mng my tnh 2
26
FTP: Giao thc truyn ti tp tin

giao din khch
ngi
FTP
dng FTP
ngi
dng
truyn ti tp tin
ch
FTP
h thng tp
tin xa
h thng tp
tin cc b
truyn ti tp tin n/t my xa

m hnh khch/ch
khch: l pha bt u qu trnh truyn ti
ch: my xa

2014
Mng my tnh 2
27
FTP: iu khin ring bit, kt ni d liu
Khch FTP kt ni ti my ch
FTP ti cng 21, giao thc truyn
ti l TCP
khch c kim tra danh tnh
thng qua kt ni iu khin
khch duyt cc th mc trn
my t xa bng cch gi cc cu
lnh thng qua kt ni iu
khin.
khi ch nhn c cu lnh
truyn ti tp, ch m kt ni
TCP th 2 ti khch
sau khi truyn ti xong 1 tp, ch
ng kt ni d liu.

2014
kt ni TCP iu khin
cng 21
khch
FTP
kt ni TCP d liu
cng 20
ch
FTP
ch m mt kt ni TCP d
liu khc truyn ti mt tp
khc.
iu khin kt ni: ngoi
tuyn (out of band)
my ch FTP lu li trng
thi: th mc hin ti, thng
tin v danh tnh
Mng my tnh 2
28
Cc cu lnh v phn hi FTP

V d cu lnh:
gi i di dng vn bn ASCII
qua kt ni iu khin
USER tn_ngi_dng
PASS mt_khu
LIST lit k danh sch cc tp
trong th mc hin ti
RETR tn_tp ti tp tin v

STOR tn_tp ti tp tin ln
my t xa

2014
V d m tr v
m trng thi v m t (nh

trong HTTP)
331 Username OK,
password required
125 data connection
already open;
transfer starting
425 Cant open data
connection
452 Error writing
file
Mng my tnh 2
29
Th tn in t
user
agent
SMTP
SMTP
my ch th
ngi gi
access
protocol
user
agent
my ch th
ngi nhn
SMTP: giao/nhn th n t my ch khc

Giao thc truy cp th: ly th t my ch
POP: Post Office Protocol [RFC 1939]
kim tra danh tnh (UA<-->my ch) v ti v
IMAP: Internet Mail Access Protocol [RFC 1730]
nhiu chc nng hn (phc tp hn)
qun l th lu trn my ch
HTTP: gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo! Mail, v.v..

2014
Mng my tnh 2
30
V d tng tc SMTP
S:
C:
S:
C:
S:
C:
S:
C:
S:
C:
C:
C:
S:
C:
S:
220 hamburger.edu
HELO crepes.fr
250 Hello crepes.fr, pleased to meet you
MAIL FROM: <alice@crepes.fr>
250 alice@crepes.fr... Sender ok
RCPT TO: <bob@hamburger.edu>
250 bob@hamburger.edu ... Recipient ok
DATA
354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself
Do you like ketchup?
How about pickles?
.
250 Message accepted for delivery
QUIT
221 hamburger.edu closing connection

2014
Mng my tnh 2
31
Giao thc POP3

pha kim tra danh tnh
cu lnh ca khch:
user: khai bo tn
pass: mt-khu
phn hi ca ch
+OK
-ERR
pha giao dch, khch:
list:
retr:
dele:
quit:
lit k s th t th
ti th theo stt
xa
kt thc

2014
S:
C:
S:
C:
S:
+OK POP3 server ready

user bob
+OK
pass hungry
+OK ngi dng ng nhp thnh
C:
S:
S:
S:
C:
S:
S:
C:
C:
S:
S:
C:
C:
S:
list
1 498
2 912
.
retr 1
<message 1 contents>
.
dele 1
retr 2
<message 1 contents>
.
dele 2
quit
+OK my ch POP3 ng ngt
cn
Mng my tnh 2
32
So snh gia POP3 v IMAP

POP3
POP3 l giao thc khng
trng thi.
S dng c ch ti-vxa hoc ti-v-gi li
Bob khng th c li th
nu nh anh ta i UA
ti-v-gi li: bn sao
ca th s c lu trn
nhiu UA.

2014
IMAP
Gi tt c th trong mt
ni: trn my ch
Cho php n/dng t chc
th theo th mc
IMAP gi li trng thi
ngi dng qua cc phin
lm vic:
tn ca th mc cng nh
nh x gia ID ca thng
ip v tn th mc
Mng my tnh 2
33
DNS
Cc dch v DNS
phn gii tn min sang a
ch IP
t tn thay th cho my
tn chnh thc, v tn thay

th
t tn thay th cho my
ch email
phn b ti
nhng trang web ln thng

c nhiu my ch vi a ch
IP khc nhau ng sau mt
tn min chnh thc.

2014
Ti sao khng tp trung

DNS?
DNS hng -> c mng
ngng hot ng
qu ti lu lng
tr cao do ng
truyn di
kh bo tr
khng m rng c!
Mng my tnh 2
34
C s d liu phn tn v phn cp

my ch DNS gc
my ch DNS com
my ch DNS my ch DNS
yahoo.com
amazon.com
my ch DNS org
my ch DNS
pbs.org
my ch DNS edu
my ch DNS
poly.edu
my ch DNS
umass.edu
Khch mun c IP ca www.amazon.com:
khch truy vn mt my ch DNS gc tm ra my ch DNS

.com
khch truy vn my ch DNS .com ly a ch ca my ch

DNS amazon.com
khch truy vn my ch DNS amazon.com ly a ch IP ca

www.amazon.com
2014
Mng my tnh 2
35

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Chng 1.

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

B giao thc mng

Khi nim v mng my tnh,

Kin trc ng dng mng

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Khi nim v mng my tnh

Hng triu thit b tnh

chy cc .dng mng

Qui tc cc thnh phn lin lc nhau.

nh dng v th t thng ip trao i

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

B giao thc mng

Khi nim v mng my tnh,

Kin trc ng dng mng

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

M hnh tham kho OSI

Xy dng v pht trin bi

Kin trc phn tng.

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Kin trc m hnh tham kho OSI

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Chc nng c bn ca cc tng

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

D liu qua mi tng

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

B giao thc TCP/IP

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Chc nng ca cc tng trong TCP/IP

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

D liu trong TCP/IP

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Hin thc TCP/IP trn h thng

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Giao tip trong TCP/IP

Hu ht cc my (host) dng mt b giao thc TCP/IP cho

De/multiplexing: cc ng dng mng chia s cng mt giao din

1 Host = nhiu ng dng mng (Application)

Socket = (@IP, Port, []) xc nh im kt ni (c sn trong API)

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

So snh gia b giao thc TCP/IP v OSI

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

B giao thc mng

Khi nim v mng my tnh,

Kin trc ng dng mng

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Kin trc ng dng mng

Mi entity s c vai tr nh nhau trong kh nng giao tip.

Lai gia P2P v Client-Server

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Kin trc khch-ch

lun lun kch hot

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Kh nng m rng cao

M hnh lai ca khch-ch v P2P

in thoi-IP: ng dng P2P

Nhn tin trc tip

Hai ngi dng chat vi nhau bng P2P

Mgi dng ng k a ch IP vi my ch khi

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Cc ng dng mng ph bin

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM