18: 875 ( Part 4) -1987 Indian Standard : ae CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN LOADS ( OTHER THAN EARTHQUAKE ) FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES PART 4 SNOW LOADS (Second Revision) Fourth Reprint OCTOBER 1997 UDC 624-042-42: 006.7 © Copyright 1988 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 or October 19881S: B78 ( Part 4) - 1967 Indian Standard CODEOFPRACTICE FOR DESIGNLOADS (OTHERTHANEARTHQUAKE) FORBUILDINGSAND STRUCTURES PART 4 SNOW LOADS (Second Revision) a. 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Partd ) ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 9 November 1987, after the draft finalized by the Structural Safety Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Couneil. 0.2. A building has to perform many functions sitisfaconly. “Amongst thse. functions are the uty of the building for, the intended use and occupancy. structural safety, fire safety; and compliance with hygienic, sanitation, ventilation and daylight st ‘The design of the build- ‘ing is ndent upon the minimum requirements prescribed for each of the above functions. The Fainimum requirements pertaining to the structural Salety of baiklings are Being covered in this Code by way of laying down minimum design loads which have to be assumed for dead loads, it loads, wind loads, snow loads and other external loads, the strcture would be required to bear. Strict Conformity to loading standards recommended this Code, it is hoped, will not only ensure the structural ‘safety of the buildings which are bei designed and constructed in the country anc thecety redoce the hazards to life and caused by umat sctrs, bt lo slime the wastage faused by asoumiig unnooessarlly heavy Tondings. Notwithstanding what i sated regard ‘the structural safety of buildings, the. the provisions should be carried cut ‘tent and responsible structural designer who would Satisfy himself that the structure designed in accordance with this code meets the desired performance requirements when the same is Earried out according to specifications. 0.3 This Code was first published in 1957 for the guidance of civil engineers, designers and archi- tects associated with the ing and design of baling, geade she preyisers for te basic design loads ( dead loads, live loads, wind Toads and’ seismic loads ) to be assumed in the esien of buildings In its first revision in 1964, ‘Sind pressure. provisions were. modified on the basis of studies of wind phenomenon and its effects on structures undertaken by the special lication of compe- FOREWORD committe soa consltation with the Indian, Meteor rological f. In addition to. this, new Clauses on wind Toads for butterfly type strictures were included; wind pressure coefficients. for Sheeted roofs, both curved and sloping, were Potted: seismic ee Pace separate code having been prepared ) and metric {yee of weights and measurements was adopted. 0.3.1 With the increased adoption of the Code, 1 number of comments were received on the pro- visions on tn! Values adopted camera fccupancies. Simultaneously. live loads surveys fave’ been arried out in America, Canada “and other countries to arrive at realistic live loads ‘based on actual determination of loading ( mov- able and immovable ) in different occupancies Keeping this in view and other developments in the field of wind {ngineering, ‘the Sectional Com- mittee responsible for the preparation of this Standard has decided to prepare the second revision in the following five parts: Part 1 Dead Loads Part 2 Imposed Loads Part 3 Wind Loads Part 4 Snow Loads Part 5 Special Loads and Load Combinations uake load is covered in IS :1893-1984* ‘which should be considered along with the above Toads. 0.3.2 This part ( Part 4 ) deals with snow loads on roofs of buildings The committee responsible for the prepara- tion of the code while reviewing the available snow-fall data, felt the paucity of data on which to make specific recommendations on the depth of ground snow load for different regions effected by snow-fall, In due course the characteristic “Chena f Sf ne SER gaunt resistant designing of wre.15: 875 ( Part 4) - 1987 ‘snow toad, on for different regions will be included based on studies. 0.4 This part is based on ISO 4355-198 1( E) “Basis for design of stutures — Determination of snow loads on roofs’, issued by the Interna. tional Organization for Standardization, 1. SCOPE 1.4 This standard (Part 4) deals with snow loads gn roofs of buildings. Roofs should be designed for the actual load due to snow or for the inipored loads specified in Part 2 Imposed loads, whichever is more severe. ion — in f ‘eds Mgmginns segs in norte pare of ae eet p ey eons Rabari a ima ‘of vary 2. NOTATIONS: —Nominal values of the shape coefficients, take into account snow drifts, sliding snow, etc, with subscripts, if necessary, » (Dimensionless) 1, (inmetres)— — Horizontal dimensions with numerical sub- setipts, if necessary. ty (in metres) — Vertical dimensions with numerical sub- scripts, if necessary. 4 (in degrees) — Roof slope. Je (in pascals ) — Snow load on ground. ‘51 in pascals)_ — Snow load on roofs. 3. SNOW LOAD IN ROOF (8) 34 The minimum design snow load, on, a roof farea_or any other area above ‘which is subjected to snow accumulation is obtained by mul rah snow load on ground, s, by the ent a8 applicable tothe parieular sme where 1 = design, snow Joad in Pa on plan area = shape coefficient ( see 4), and oe snow load in Pa 1 Pa = IN/m¥). yund snow load at any place the Giieal Smt depth of isturbed aggregate cumulative snow-t gree. dey pn due course the chrgetrisi ‘saa based’ = an ‘Tilvzach ‘nine the users of this Mandard” are advised 49 cootanct elther Snow and ‘Avalanches: Study Establishment { Defenoe Research and Development Organization ) Manalt (HP) or Indian ‘Meteorological Department (IMD ), Pune in the absence of any specific Information for any 4, SHAPE COEFFICIENTS 4.1 General Principles In perfectly calm weather, falling snow would cover roofs and the ground with a uniform blanket of snow and the design snow load could be consi- deré asa uniformly. distnbuted load, Traly tn. form loading conditions, however, are rare and hhave usually only been observed in areas that are sheltered on all sides by high tees, buildings, tc In such a ease, the shape coefficient would be equal to untiy. In most regions, snow falls are accompanied or followed by winds. The winds wil redisinbute the snow and on some roofs, especially mult level roofs the accumulated drift load may reach spmulil of te ound fol Rens which ae er x buildings, vegetation, et, follect more snow load tan the ground level, ‘The phenomenon is of the same nature as that illustrated for multilevel roofs in 4.2.4, So far sufficient data are not available to deter- mine the shape coefficient in a statistical basis. Therefore, a nominal value is given, A representa- tive sample of roof is shown in 4.2, However, in special case such a snip loudig,ciening of he roof periodically by deliberate heating of t etc, have to be treated separately, The distribution of snow in the direction parallel to the eaves is assumed to be uniform.1S: #75 (Part 4) - 1987 4.2 Shape Coefficients for Selected Types of Roofs 424 ‘Simple Flat and ‘Simple Pitched. Roofs Monopitch Roofs @Positive Roof Slope)* 422 Se ee ‘ot Multiple Pitched Roofs Two-Span or Multispan ‘(Negative Roof Slope) Roofs @ Fora 7 ide ofthe roo! as of be agymmetrical Hmple Pitched oof, each side ofthe roof shal be treated as age half of eorrepondiog 319 1 975 ( Part 4) - 1987 4.2.3 Simple Curved Roofs Ziaa| act Wz lm cil LALA Hy=09 +10? Reon: mer snows > or1S : 875 ( Part 4) - 1967 4.2.4 Multilevel Roofs* nen Me Bes tie where A = due to sliding em due to wind 4, = 2a buts restricted as follows: Sm! L) Ln ly tty ah Dy PIs Sm Aces at 1S NS SOP af single Snow oe Mecatnaly Wimout apiece nd Inch weas, the determination of he shape coef- ciety "MnUEE ted leat expertnce wih doe 20” and vaulted roofs with 4 >y- “The coefficients m and m may be adjusted to take into account conditions for transfer of snow on the roof surface (that i, wind, temperature, ete.) [Nore ~ The other condition of loading elso shal be tried.Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications, No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary detaik, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS. Review of Indian Standards ‘Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. 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