Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • STOAT - Malaysia

    Uploaded by

    ROB1DC
    31 views13 pages
    STOAT - Malaysia

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    STOAT - Malaysia

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    31 views13 pages

    STOAT - Malaysia

    Uploaded by

    ROB1DC
    STOAT - Malaysia

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 13
    SEMINAR & EXHIBITION ON SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS 22 & 23 AUGUST 2000 SUNWAY LAGOON RESORT HOTEL, PETALING JAYA COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND MONITORING OF SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS by Ir Haniffa Hamid ' and Ir Mohd Zuki Muda? ABSTRACT There are currently more than 8,000 sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the country serving some 14 million people. Another 6 million people are served by septic tanks and the balance are serviced by other means of non-sanitary facilities. Almost 80% of the current facilities provide only primary or partial secondary treatment. With rapid developments, urbanisation, increase in population and the need for higher environmental quality standards ~ there will be a continuous need to construct proper sewage treatment facilities including the refurbishment and upgrading of existing ones. Considering the fact that the introduction of full secondary and tertiary level of treatment has only been recently introduced into this country over the last 10 years, the extent of expertise and knowledge available locally is rather limited. There is thus a need to build up the knowledge base from merely copying and following what has been applied elsewhere to what is more pertinent and relevant to the local context. This level of knowledge has to be acquired not only by the designers but also by the contractors, operators as well as the approving authorities. With a combined knowledge of treatment technology and unit process modelling, various computer aided design and monitoring packages have been designed over the years, These packages not only help in the early stages of design, but they could also be used to trouble-shoot, refurbish, upgrade and also monitor and adjust the performance of existing STPs. There are currently two (2) complete computer packages readily available in Malaysia — specifically designed for STPs. The packages are known as: i) Plan-itSTOAT - A steady state model used as a STP planning tool to aid conceptual & preliminary process and hydraulic design, for the construction, expansion and modification of treatment facilities. ii) STOAT - A dynamic model for STP which is used for design and operational analysis & performance of the entire plant including sludge treatment. This paper provides a background to the Plan-it STOAT and the STOAT computer aided design and monitoring packages for sewage treatment plants and describes the benefits to the sewerag. and wastewater industry in Malaysia, 1) Director~ Quality Water Technology Sim Bhd 2) Technical Services Manager - WWE Holdings Bhd 10 COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND MONITORING OF SEWAGE TREATMENT WORKS, By ‘Jr Haniffa Hamid! and Ir Mohd Zuki Muda? INTRODUCTION It has been reported that there are more than 8,000 sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Malaysia serving some 14 million people. Another 6 million people are served by individual septic tanks, whilst the balance of 2 million people are served by some form of non-sanitary ilities. A breakdown of STPs in Malaysia by size and type aro as follows: Breakdown of STP by Size Breakdown of STP by Type Less than 1,000 pe 75% Communal Septic Tanks = 58% Between 1,001 to 5,000 pe 20% Imhoff Tanks = 18% Between 5,001 to 10,000 pe 2% Oxidation Ponds/Acrated Lagoons = 12% Between 10,001 to 50,000 pe 2% — Mechanical Plants = 12% More than 50,000 pe 1% 100% 100% It is to be noted that about 75% of the above plants are serving catchments with less than 1,000 population equivalent (PE). However, these small plants are serving only about 15% of the population. The remaining 25% of the treatment plants are larger and serves almost 85% of the connected population. It is also known that approximately 80% of the sewage treatment plants taken over by the Sewerage Services Department are in the state of non- performance, either due to process failure or equipment breakdown. It is estimated that more than RM1 billion is required to refurbish, rationalise and/or upgrade these plants. Considering that only 12% of the total STPs are mechanised plants and also that their introduction into the country is fairly recent the level of expertise and extent of knowledge available locally is rather limited. There is thus a need to build up the knowledge base from merely copying and following what has been applied elsewhere to what is more pertinent and relevant to the local context. This level of knowledge has to be acquired not only by: the designers but also by the contractors, operators as well as the approving authorities. ‘As Malaysia moves towards an industrialised nation by the year 2020, rapid development and urbanisation will take place. There will also be a high demand for environmental quality improvements, which inevitably will require the country to improve the quality of wastewater treatment plants in the country ~ both old and new. The older plants need to be continuously monitored for performance and improvements including refurbishment, upgrading and rationalisation, whilst the new ones will require to be constructed for high performance and efficiencies. It is envisaged that over the next two decades, some over RMIO billion will be spent on building and improving sewage treatment plants all over the country both by the government and the private sector. a 2 Page Tonle Director - Quality Water Technology Sdn Bhd Technical Services Manager ~ WWE Holdings Bhd The planning and design of any treatment plant follows various rigorous steps. Firstly, the flow and load to be treated is determined. The process design calculations, hydraulic evaluations, capital and operating cost calculations of alternative process flowsheets are carried out followed by the eventual determination of process layout within the confines of the available site. These tasks are routinely carried out by engineers and can be tedious, time consuming and error prone as well as restrictive in terms of the number of alternatives which can be evaluated. The current status of sewage treatment facilities in Malaysia is evidence for a greater need of better understanding of the process and hydraulic designs and also the associated variations and flexibilities related to the design, so as to enable the operators to successfully operate and monitor the plants for the desired efficiencies and results. With a combined knowledge of treatment technology and unit process modelling, various computer aided design and monitoring packages have been designed over the years. These packages not only help in the early stages of design, but they could also be used to trouble- shoot, refurbish, upgrade and also monitor and adjust the performance of existing STPs. There are currently two (2) complete computer packages readily available in Malaysia — specifically designed for STPs. The packages are known as: i) Plan-itSTOAT - A steady state model used as a STP planning tool to aid conceptual & preliminary process and hydraulic design, for the construction, expansion and modification of treatment facilities ii) STOAT - Addynamic model for STP which is used for design and operational analysis & performance of the entire plant including sludge treatment. STOAT (the acronym stands for Sewage Treatment Operation and Analysis over Zime) began development in 1989 as a series of research projects. The overall aim was to investigate the feasibility of dynamic modelling of an entire wastewater treatment plant using simulation of individual unit processes. The above 2 software packages were jointly developed by the Water Research Centre (WRe) Ple of United Kingdom and Camp Dresser & McKee (CDM) Inc of USA through a joint technical collaboration over years of research. During its development, each process model ‘was validated against performance data from sewage treatment plants. Extensive modelling work has subsequently been undertaken to confirm the validity of individual process models. Initially developed and used on mainframes, it is now possible to run these design packages in a PC-based computer. Page Zor 20 PLAN-IT STOAT - Steady State Planning Tool For STP 2A 22 Applications Plan-it STOAT is an easy to use, Windows™ based, planning-level software model that is used to evaluate wastewater and water reclamation treatment process options. Plan-it STOAT™ will quickly assist the user in performing the following specific tasks: ‘+ Process calculations «site planning & land area requirements ‘© unit process facility volumes performance evaluations ‘hydraulic calculations & profile facility energy & chemical requirements ‘¢ mass balance calculations * capital and operating cost comparisons of alternatives The software uses algorithms based on traditional design methods and criteria as well as complex mechanistic algorithms such as the Internationally recognised International Association on Watcr Quality (IAWQ) and WRe mechanistic models, It allows engineers to explore a wider range of treatment options in a short time frame and to compare results using recognised numerical methods to facilitate the development of expertise and comfort with advanced design methods. The software enables default design criteria to be altered to local guidelines and contains a powerful diagnostic tool to detect designs that stray outside the recommended design standards. Operational Modes Plan-it STOAT™ has three closely interrelated operational modes as follows: 1. The first mode performs steady state estimates of process performance given specific influent and effluent conditions. Plan-it STOAT does the basic process calculations, and calculates flow and mass balances on the treatment process. 2. The second mode allows the user to define the sequence of hydraulic elements in the liquid treatment train, from which Plan-it STOAT prepares a preliminary hydraulic profile. It calculates a preliminary hydraulic profile through the treatment plant allowing hydraulic limitations to be identified. The grade lines are developed using standard hydraulic methods and cover flow in open channels and head losses for a range of common fittings. Flow splits and unions as well as weirs are supported. Open channel flow automatically recognises various flow pattems and selects an appropriate numerical method to calculate the grade line. 3. The third mode presents an interactive site plan worksheet. A user will have the option of inputting an existing site plan or aerial photograph for use as a base. The model will output basic geometric shapes onto the base. The user will have the ability to move the shape locations on the site plan, and to interactively adjust unit process plan areas to assess the best fit of each design option. This proves invaluable in assessing the most suitable option for optimum use at a site with limited land availability. There are more than thirty process models to select from for configuration of a wastewater treatment plant. The software will accept input parameters such as influent wastewater quality; desired treated water quality; volumes, footprints, and grades of existing facilities; and other parameters and criteria of relative importance when comparing altematives. Page Sof1 A Computer Tool For Rapid Evaluation Of Wastewater Treatment Plant Design And Configuration Options Figure 1 - Plan-it STOAT | Page dof 12 2.3 A Planning Tool Plan-it STOAT is not an expert system, but rather an interconnected collection of unit processes with algorithms that perform specific tasks that are essential to selecting, sizing, and positioning wastewater treatment plants. The tool will assist an experienced designer who would provide the skill and expertise in selection of treatment processes. An experienced designer will be able to use Plan-it STOAT™ for rapid evaluation treatment plant alternatives in the aspect of unit processes selection, performances comparison and hydraulic consideration, where the primary constraints are assumed to be effluent quality, cost, land area availability and hydraulic head requirements. In comparison with conventional methods, Plan-it STOAT™ is estimated to reduce the time taken to evaluate preliminary treatment plant designs by as much as 90%, driving down the cost of the planning stage or allowing a wider range of alternatives to be evaluated. Amongst the process models in Plan-it STOAT includes: a) Inlet Works © Grit trap Chemical P removal © Screen Ballasted flocculation © Primary settlement - Chemical-enhanced primary sedimentation b) Biological Systems * Activated sludge © Secondary sedimentation - Oxidation ditches, AO, UCT, © Trickling filters MLE, Bardenpho and other ¢ BAFs BNR configurations © Lagoons © Denitrification © Selectors © SBRs ©) Tertiary Treatment © Sand filtration UV disinfection © Flow balancing Chlorine disinfection d) Sludge Treatment ‘* Aerobic digestion Thickening ‘© Anaerobic digestion Dewatering * ATAD Post-aeration e) Hydraulic elements Channels and pipes Transitions and junctions Valves - Expansions Pumps - Contraction Weirs ~ Bends Page Soff 24 Benefits Amongst the benefits from the use of Plan-it STOAT includes the followings: i) Faster design for more alternative evaluations = the software modelling will allow engineers to explore wider range of treatment alternatives in relatively short time frames. ii) Reliable training tool = the software can be employed to compare results using conventional criteria and numerical methods to facilitate the development of expertise with ease advanced design methods Custom design - the software enables default design criteria to be altered for customised designs. iv) Powerful diagnostic tool = the software can be used as a diagnostic tool in evaluation of designs that have strayed outside the norm of design practices. = the software can compute a preliminary hydraulic profile through the treatment processes so that plant pumping and elevation requirements can be established. vi) Interactive site layout ~ the software enables users to import an existing site layout drawing or aerial photograph for use as a base, onto which Plan-it STOAT™ overlays proportionally sized geometric shapes representing each treatment process ‘making it an invaluable tool for assessing site layout of limited land. Cost evaluation = the cost of each process option can be calculated as a Net Present Value for comparison of various modules. The system also allows users to enter the size and configuration of existing assets and provides the freedom to alter the cost indices that can be used to build up a detailed profile and cost estimate of existing assets. Page 60012 3.0 STOAT — Dynamic Modelling Of Wastewater Treatment Works 31 Applications STOAT in comparison to Plan-it STOAT is a PC based computer modelling package designed to dynamically simulate the performance of wastewater treatment works. The software can be used to simulate individual treatment processes or the whole treatment works, including sludge treatment processes, septic tank imports and recycles. The model enables the user to optimise the response of the works to changes in the influent loads, works capacity or process operating conditions. STOAT can help to execute the following:- Design treatment plants more efficiently * Optimise treatment plant operations Reduce risk of consent failures Reduce capital and operational costs Carry out integrated catchment simulation Improve effluent quality ‘* Troubleshoot operational problems . © Train staff in best practices Figure 2 - Extracts from the STOAT Worksheets STOAT also contains a simple sewerage model (SIMPOL) to assist integrated modelling on a caichment basis and can casily transfer data with HYDROWORKS_QM, MOUSE and MIKE11. Page Tol? 32 3.3 Features STOAT contains a range of features which makes it an outstanding design & simulation tool. The latest version of STOAT i.e. Version 4.1 includes the following features: © Models of all common treatment processes BOD and COD models for most primary, secondary and tertiary treatment processes © SBR and compartmentalised SBR models Expanded sludge treatment models including Thermal Sludge

    You might also like