Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

Phn 1:

Gii tch Fourier

I. Chui Fourier
II. Bin i Fourier
s

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

Chui Fourier:
1. Khai trin chui Fourier
Khi nim hm tun hon

Dng lng gic ca chui Fourier

Hm chn v hm l
Cng thc lp tnh cc h s

Hm xc nh trong mt thi gian gii hn

2. Dng phc ca chui Fourier

3. Ph tn s ri rc

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

a. Hm tun hon:
Hm f(t) gi l hm tun hon nu gi tr ca n
c lp li sau mt khong thi gian xc nh:

f(t) = f(t + T)

2
T: chu k, 0
T

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

b. Dng lng gic ca chui Fourier:
Nu f(t) l mt hm tun hon vi chu k T, khi :

a0
f (t ) an cos n0t bn sin n0t
2 n 1
2
0
T
2 d T

an f (t ) cos n0t dt

T d
Euler fomulas

2 d T
bn f (t ) sin n0t dt

T d
d: mt hng s bt k, thng thng chn d = 0 hoc T/2.

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

V d 1.01:

k if t 0
f (t )
k if 0 t
Dng cng thc Euler tnh an, bn:

an 0
n
2k
2k

bn
1 cos n
1

n
n
4k
1
1

f (t )
sin t sin 3t sin 5t ...

3
5

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

V d 1.01 (tt):
Xt cc tng ring:

4k
1

S1
sin t ; S2
sin t sin 3t ;...

4k

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

V d 1.02:

f (t ) t if 0 t 2
2
f (t ) sin nt

n 1 n
f (t 2 ) f (t )

V d 1.03:

a0 9
2
3t (0 t 1)
f (t )
3

cos n 1
3 (1 t 2) an
2

n
f (t 2) f (t )

b 3
n
n

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

V d 1.04:

2
4
a0 0 sin t.dt

2
4 1

f (t ) sin t an sin t cos 2nt.dt

2
0

4
n
1

bn 0 sin t sin 2nt.dt 0

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

c. Hm chn v hm l:
Nu f(t) l mt hm chn tun hon vi chu k T:

a0
f (t ) an cos n0t
2 n 1
4 T /2
an f (t ) cos n0t dt ; bn 0
T 0

2
a0

2
3
f (t ) t ( 1 t 1)
V d 1.05:

n
4
f
(
t

2)

f
(
t
)

1
an
2
n

1 4
f (t ) 2 2 cos n t
3 n 1 n

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

c. Hm chn v hm l:
Nu f(t) l mt hm l tun hon vi chu k T:

f (t ) bn sin n0t
n 1

4 T /2
an 0; bn f (t ) sin n0t dt
T 0
V d 1.06:

f (t ) t ( 1 t 1)
2
bn
cos n

n
f (t 2) f (t )
f (t )

n 1

1
n

n 1

sin n t

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

d. Cng thc lp tnh cc h s khai trin chui Fourier:

1
1
an
b 'n
n0
n
1
1
bn
a 'n
n0
n

J
k 1

J
k 1

sin n0t k

cos n0t k

Trong :
tk: im gin on ca f(t) trong mt chu k [d; d + T)
Jk = f(tk+) f(tk-): bc nhy ti tk.

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

d. Cng thc lp tnh cc h s khai trin chui Fourier:
f(t)
f(t2-)

f(a+)
0

a
f(t1-)

t1

t2

f(b-)
b

f(t2+)

f(t1+)

a, t1, t2: cc im gin on ca f(t) trong on [a; b)

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

V d 1.07:

1; 2 t 1

0; 1 t 0
f (t )
1; 0 t 1
0; 1 t 2
f (t 4) f (t )

Cc im gin on ca f(t) trong khong [-2; 2):

k

tk
Jk

-2
-1

-1
1

0
1

1
-1

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

V d 1.07(tt):
Bi v f(t) 0 an = bn = 0

1 1
1 1
a0 ( 1)dt 1dt 0
2 2
2 0
2
n
an
sin
n
2
1 cos n
bn
n

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

V d 1.08:

f (t ) t if 0 t 2

f (t 2 ) f (t )

Trong trng hp ny, f(t) 1 an = bn = 0.

V d 1.09:

f (t ) t 2 ( 1 t 1)

f (t 2) f (t )

Trong v d ny, f(t) khng c im gin on no,

nhng f(t) li c.
an 0; bn 0
f(t) 2 an = bn = 0.

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

e. Hm xc nh trong mt khong gii hn
Nu f(t) ch tn ti (khc 0) trong khong 0 t < , th
r rng n khng phi l hm tun hon, nn khng tn
ti chui Fourier
Trong trng hp ny, chng ta lp hm tun hon
m rng ca f(t) t tm chui Fourier ca f(t)
nhng ch trong khong [0, ).
i. Chui ton k (chui bao gm c thnh phn cosin v
sin).
Chng ta nh ngha hm tun ha m rng (t) ca
f(t) nh sau:

(t ) f (t ) (0 t )

(t ) (t )

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

Hm tun hon (t) vi chu k s c khai trin

chui Fourier, v chui ny s bng f(t) trong khong [0,
) (nu ngoi khong ny, f(t) khng xc nh, hoc xc
nh bng 0, nhng chui vn tn ti v khc 0).
V d 1.10: Tm khai trin chui Fourier ton k ca:

t (0 t 4)
f (t )
0 esle where

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

nh ngha hm tun hon (t) bi:

(t ) f (t ) t (0 t 4)

(t 4) (t )

1
1
(t ) 2 sin n t
n 1 n
2
4 1
1
f (t ) t 2 sin n t
n 1 n
2

(0 t 4)

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

ii. Chui Fourier bn k cosin v sin
Ta xc nh hm tun hon m rng chn F(t) v
hm tun hon m rng l G(t) ca f(t) bi:

f (t ) (0 t )
F (t )

f ( t ) ( t 0)
F(t 2 ) F(t )

f (t )
(0 t )
G(t )

f ( t ) ( t 0)
G(t 2 ) G(t )

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

Vi hm tun hon m rng chn, ta khai trin c
chui Fourier bn k cosin.
Vi hm tun hon m rng l, ta khai trin c
chui Fourier bn k sin.
V d 1.11: Tm khai trin chui Fourier bn k cosin
v chui Fourier bn k sin ca hm:

t (0 t 4)
f (t )
0 esle where

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

Chui bn k cosin:
nh ngha hm tun hon chn F(t) bi:

f (t ) t
(0 t 4)
F (t )

f ( t ) t ( 4 t 0)
F(t 8) F(t )

8
1
n

F (t ) 2
( 1) 1 cos n t
2
4
n 1 ( n )

8
1
n

f (t ) 2
( 1) 1 cos n t
2
4
n 1 ( n )

(0 t 4)

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

1. Khai trin chui Fourier

Chui bn k sin:
nh ngh hm tun hon l G(t) bi:

f (t ) t
G(t )

f ( t ) t
G(t 8) G(t )

(0 t 4)
( 4 t 0)

( 1)n1
1
G(t )
sin n t
n 1 n
4
8 ( 1)n1
1
f (t )
sin n t
n 1 n
4
8

(0 t 4)

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

2. Chui Fourier dng phc

T chui Fourier dng lng gic:

a0
f (t ) an cos n0t bn sin n0t (*)
2 n 1

Thay th:

1 jn0t jn0t
1 jn0t jn0t
sin n0t
e
e
; cos n0t e
e
2j
2

Khi (*) tr thn chui Fourier phc:

f (t )

ce

jn0 t

1 d T
jn0 t
; c n f (t )e
dt ; n 0, 1, 2,...
T d

cn cn c th tnh theo cch khc (nu bit an, bn):

a0
an jbn
an jbn
c0 ; cn
; c n
cn*
2
2
2

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

2. Chui Fourier dng phc

V d 1.12: Tm chui Fourier phc:

f (t ) t if 0 t 2

f (t 2 ) f (t )
Gii:

j
1 2 jnt
cn
te dt ;(n 0)

2 0
n
1 2
c0
tdt

2 0

j jnt
f (t ) e
n n
n 0

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

2. Chui Fourier dng phc

V d 1.12 (tt):
v d 1.02 ta tm c chui Fourier lng gic:

2
f (t ) sin nt a0 2 ; an 0; bn
n
n 1 n

cn c th tnh c t a0, an v bn nh sau:

a0
c0
2

an jbn j
an jbn
j
for n 1, 2,..., : cn
; c n

2
n
2
n
j
for n 1, 2, 3,... : cn
n

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

2. Chui Fourier dng phc

V d 1.13:

f (t ) t 2 ( 1 t 1)

f (t 2) f (t )
n
1 1 2 jn t
2
cn t e
dt
1 (n 0)
2

1
2
n

1 1 2
1
c0 t dt
2 1
3
1 2
f (t ) 2
3

n
n 0

1
n

jn t

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

2. Chui Fourier dng phc

V d 1.13(tt):
v d 1.05 ta tnh c dng lng gic:

2
4
1
a0 3 ; an
2
1 4 1
f (t ) 2 2 cos n t ;
n

3 n 1 n

0
n

cn c th tnh t a0, an v bn nh sau:

an jbn 2 1
for n 1, 2,..., : cn

c n
2
2
n

for n 1, 2, 3,... : cn

2 1

a0 1
; c0
2 3

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

2. Chui Fourier dng phc

V d 1.14:

1
f (t ) cos t ( t ); f (t 2 ) f (t )
2

t
t

jnt
j

j
1
1 jnt
1
2
2
cn
cos t.e dt
e e e dt

2
2
4

cn

2 1

n 1

4n 1
2

f (t )

2 1

n 1

4n2 1

e jnt

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

3. Ph tn s ri rc
Dng sng hi ca chui Fourier:

f (t ) A0 An cos n0t n Chui Fourier cosin

n 1

f (t ) A0 An sin n0t n Chui Fourier sin

n 1

Trong :

a0
A0 ; An an2 bn2 : Bin ca sng hi bc n
2
bn
an
1
1
n tan ; n tan : Pha ca sng hi
an
bn bc n

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

3. Ph tn s ri rc
Ph tn s ri rc thc:
Vi chui Fourier cosin, ta c ph nh sau:

i vi chui Fourier sin: n c thay bi n

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

3. Ph tn s ri rc
Ph tn s ri rc phc:
S dng chui Fourier dng phc:

f (t ) cn e jn0t
n 1

Bin i cc h s v dng: cn cn e n (n 0; 1; 2;...)

|cn|: bin
n: pha (argument)
Bi v |cn| = |c-n| nn ph bin s i xng qua trc
tung.

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

3. Ph tn s ri rc
Ph tn s ri rc phc:
Ph bin phc

Ph pha phc

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

3. Ph tn s ri rc
V d 1.15:

f (t ) 2t (0 t 2); f (t 2) f (t )
Chui Fourier phc ca f(t):

2 j jn t
f (t ) 2
e
n n

T xc nh:

n 0

2 / n (n 1, 2, 3,...)
cn
2 / n (n 1, 2, 3,...)
/ 2 (n 1, 2, 3,...)
n arg cn
/ 2 (n 1, 2, 3,...)

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

3. Ph tn s ri rc
V d 1.15 (tt):
Ph bin phc

Ph pha phc

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

3. Ph tn s ri rc
V d 1.15 (tt):
Chui Fourier lng gic ca f(t):

4
f (t ) 2
sin n t
n 1 n
Bin i v dng sng hi sin:

4
f (t ) 2 sin t
sin 2 t

2
4
4

sin 3 t
sin 4 t ...
3
4
4

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

3. Ph tn s ri rc
V d 1.15 (tt):

Ph tn s ri rc thc (ng vi chui

Fourier sng hi sin)

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

3. Ph tn s ri rc
V d 1.15 (cont):
Quay li chui Fourier lng gic ca f(t):

4
f (t ) 2
sin n t
n 1 n
Bin i v dng sng hi cosin:

f (t ) 2 cos t
cos 2 t

2 2
2

cos 3 t
cos 4 t ...
3
2 4
2

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

3. Ph tn s ri rc
V d 1.15 (tt):

Ph tn s ri rc thc (ng vi chui

Fourier sng hi cosin)

Created and edited by: Nguyen Phuoc Bao Duy

Historical Note: Charles Fourier

Franois Marie Charles Fourier
Born: 7 April 1772
Besanon, France
Died: 10 October 1837 (aged 65)
Paris, France
Fourier
was
a
French
philosopher. Some of Fourier's
social and moral views, held to be
radical in his lifetime, have become
mainstream thinking in modern
society. Fourier is, for instance,
credited with having originated the
word feminism in 1837.