La chn CB

Tnh Ton, La Chn Circuit Breaker

I. Thuyt minh
p ng nhng i hi v an ton ngy cng cao ca con ngi, cc nh sn xut thit b in
cho ra i rt nhiu thit b bo v mng in dn dng nhm m bo s an ton ti a cho ngi
s dng, tiu biu v thng dng nht l MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) v MCCB (Molded Case
Circuit Breaker), RCD (residual current device), cu ch...
la chn v s dng cc thit b trn, chng ta nn tham kho thng tin ca tng loi sn
phm:
1. MCB v MCCB:
C nhiu nguyn cu v vic phn bit gia MCB v MCCB. Tuy nhin v kha cnh dn dng, kinh
t ngi ta phn bit hai loi ny da vo cc yu t sau:
- MCB: dng in khng vt qu 100A, in p di 1.000V;
- MCCB: dng in c th ln ti 1.000A, in p di 1.000V.
+ Cng dng: Dng ng ngt mch in khi c s c qu ti, ngn mch, bo v an ton cho
con ngi v cho thit b s dng in.
+ Cch la chn: C nhiu cch la chn MCB, MCCB. Tuy nhin, d cch no th chng cng phi
tha mn iu kin sau:
IB < In < IZ
ISCB > ISC
Trong :

IB l dng in ti ln nht;

In l dng in nh mc ca MCB, MCCB;

Iz l dng in cho php ln nht ca dy dn in (c cho bi nh sn xut);

ISCB l dng in ln nht m MCB, MCCB c th ct;

ISC l dng in ngn mch).

V d: 1 ti mt pha s dng ngun in 220V c dng in ln nht l 13A v dng in ngn

mch tnh ton c l 5KA.

Th ta chn MCB v dy dn nh sau: MCB Comet CM216A c dng nh mc l 16A, cng ct

ln nht l 6KA v dy dn Cadivi 2 x 2,5mm2 c dng cho php ln nht l 18A.
Chng ta nn chn MCB, MCCB ca cc nh sn xut c uy tn trn th trng hin nay nh Eaton
(M), Schneider (Php), Clipsal, Hager, Siemens, LS... v nhng sn phm ny c sn xut v
kim tra di nhng iu kin, tiu chun kht khe theo tiu chun quc t. i vi trng hp
km cht lng th nn thay ci mi, khng nn sa cha.
2. RCD (residual current device) hoc ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) hoc RCCB
(residual current circuit breaker)
+ Cng dng: Dng ngt mch in mt cch t ng khi c hin tng dng r xy ra gia dy
qua v dy trung tnh hoc dy ni t;
+ Mt s lu khi kim tra v s dng RCD:
* RCD khng bo v qu ti, khng bo v khi c s s ngn mch. RCD l thit b bo v, bn thn
n khng phi l mt thit b ng ct. V vy, RCD phi dng kt hp vi thit b ng ct h p
khc. Nhng c trng hp cc thit b ng ct h p ny bao gm c mt b RCD ngay trong cu
to ca n v c gi chung l RCD hoc RCCB (residual current circuit breaker).
* Nn kim tra RCD hng thng, cch kim tra RCD l nhn vo nt "Test" hoc l "T" trn thn
RCD, ng tc ny l vic m phng c xut hin dng in r. Nu RCD tc ng tt, th mch
in b ngt. Nu ngc li RCD khng tc ng th chng ta nn thay ci mi. Vic kim tra
phi c lp i lp li nhiu ln m bo RCD hot ng mt cch tt nht.
Chng ta nn chn RCD, RCCB, ELCB ca cc nh sn xut c uy tn trn th trng hin nay nh
Eaton (M), Bender (c), Schneider (Php), Clipsal, Hager, Siemens,v nhng sn phm ny
c sn xut v kim tra di nhng iu kin, tiu chun kht khe theo tiu chun quc t. i
vi trng hp km cht lng th nn thay ci mi, khng nn sa cha.
3. Khi no th dng VCB, khi no dng ACB, MCCB, MCB
- VCB_Vaccum Circuit Breaker My ct chn khng;
- ACB_Air Circuit Breaker My ct khng kh;
- MCCB_moulded-case circuit-breakers p t mt kiu khi;
- MCB Minature Circuit Breaker p t mt loi nh.
Cc thng s k thut chnh
- Tn s;
- Rated service voltage Ue in p lm vic nh mc;
- Rated impulse withstand voltage Uimp in p chu xung nh mc;
- Rated insulation voltage Ui in p cch in nh mc;
- Rated uninterrupted current Iu Dng ct m;
- Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity Icu, kh nng ct c dng ngn mch Icu;
- Rated service short-circuit breaking capacity Ics=%Icu, (khong t 75% n 100%Icu), ct c
dng ngn mch m;

- Rated short-time withstand current Icw: kh nng chu ng dng ngn mch ca tip im trong
thi gian 1s hoc 3s ty vo nh sx.
V tr
- VCB thng dng vi in p trung p tr ln khong t 6.6kV;
- ACB thng dng vi in p h p, dng cho cc feeder cp ngun hoc cc ti c dng ln,
thng th ln hn 400A c th chn ACB, cn nh hn th chn MCCB, ACB c th ct c n
dng 6300A;
- MCCB dng vi mng h p, hin nay MCCB t n dng ct m 2400A;
- MCB loi ny dng cho ph ti nh, c th ct n dng 100A.
* B sung v MCCB: MCCB c hai loi fix type v var type, vi mi loi ny cng c hai loi l: TM
(thermal & magnetic contact) v MO (magnetic contact only). Loi TM dng cho ti non_motor load,
v loi MO dng cho ti motor load.
* Mt CB bt k (MCB, MCCB, ACB,...) th c cc thng s c bn sau y:
- Dng nh mc In: 2, 3, 6, 10, 16, 20, 25, ... Vi cc dng nh mc ln ca cc CB ln nh MCCB
hay ACB, dng ny s i km vi cc my bin p in lc c cng sut tng ng.
V d: trm 200kVA - 315A, trm 250kVA - 400A, trm 315kVA - 500A, ...
- Thng s s bn th hai l characteristic cuver hay cn gi l ng cong chn lc ca CB. y
chnh l thng s quan trong nht cho vic chn CB nm v tr no cho h thng in. Bn nn
xem k li cc ti liu ni v ng cong chn lc ny.
- Thng s th ba l Icu hay cn gi l ultimated current l kh nng chu ng dng in ln
nht ca tip im CB trong thi gian 1 giy.
V d Icu = 10kA th tip im CB s chu ng c dng in 10kA trong thi gian 1 giy/ Thng
s ny cho bit bn tip im ca CB. Ngoi thng s ny thng s Ics cng c tnh cht tng
t.
- Thng s th t l thng s ln ng ngt. CB thng thng cng quy nh s ln ny. Cc MCB c
quy nh l t 7500 n 10000 ln, MCCB th hn 10000 ln. ACB th khong 8000 ln ty theo
hng.
V d bn ngt CB ri bt CB ln li th gi l 1 ln ng ngt.
Ngoi ra cn rt nhiu thng s khc na p dng cho CB. Tuy nhin trong cc thit k ngi ta
thng dng thng s In v Icu. Theo ti hai thng s ny khng quy nh v chng loi CB.
Thng s th hai chnh l thng s quan trong nht ca CB. y chnh l ch s ID chnh thc ca
cc CB.
AT: ampe trip, AF: ampe frame MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breakers).
II. La chn n gin CB
-U

mCB

-I

mCB

-I

cmCB

>U

>= I
>= I

mL

(lun c sn xut vi in p ln hn in p nh my);

tnh ton

(la chn ging nh tnh kch thc dy in, tc chn I

ngn mch

Cng thc nh: I

mCB

>= 1,4 I tt);

(Tnh t im ngn mch tr v ngun).

ngn mch

= Utb/v3xZn. Dng ngn mch i t im ngn mch n ngun in.

Bn mun tnh ngn mch th bn phi c thng s:

Ngn mch ng dy: Loi dy, kch c dy, chiu di tra ra thng s dy Z = r + jx. V ch r
ngn mch t im no trn ng dy.
Nu ngn mch trong ng c th phi c tng tr ng c Z ng c = r + jx.