THOMAS LEJPER KANE AMHARIC- ENGLISH DICTIONARY VOLUME I u-1 1990 OTTO HARRASSOWITZ - WIESBADEN,PREFACE ‘The process of change that Amharic has been undergoing since the reign of Menelik I] as a Tesult of the Westernization assiduously cultivated by that monarch has intensified since the Ethiopian Revolution of 1974. It is not just that the Socialist ideology adopted by the present regime requires its own vocabulary but also that lingnistic nationalism which seeks to replace the foreign words so familiar to the educated clite has been given free rein. In the attempt to expand the range of the Amharic lexicon, recourse has been had to borrowing extensively from the Geez lexicon to which new meanings have often been arbitrarily assigned, e.g. =A 7¥ Pf ‘investment funds’ from Geez @P dA ‘days’ and 7¢F- ‘goods. property, money’, The user of this dictionary would be well advised to have Wal! Leslau’s Comparative Diction- ary of Geez at hand even though the definitions given in that dictionary will often give no clue to the present meaning. Geez has always becn extensively used in Amharic religious writings and those having a strong moralistic flavor. In the past, the ability to use Geez words and phrases and even copious quotes from the Geez version of the Bible was the mark of an educated man. Consequently, the authors of the monolingual Amharic dictionaries have in- cluded many Geez words. In this dictionary, those Geez entries which are probably not cur- rent have been marked (Geez). No effort has been made to identify all the Geez components of the Amharic lexicon. In some cases, Gecz words have been included within their cognate Amharic root, ¢.g. 41C¥% ‘light’ is listed under Ne. ‘to shine’ and @*% dv ‘book’ with &4. ‘ta write’, In all cases, however, cross-references are provided. Where a Geez word is not readily related to its Amharic cognate root or where the root has rot survived into Amharic, it is treated like a loanword and entered according to its initial lever, e.g. ‘eu#t0 ‘rejuvenation’ is listed under 4 as its relationship to A&A ‘to renew’ is not evident from the spelling ‘This version of an Amharic-English dictionary is basically a compilation of the existing lexicons: the Vocabulario Amarico-italiano of Ignazio Guidi and its Supplemento, the Dic- tionnaire Amarigna-Francais of Joseph Bacteman, Amharic-English Vocabulary of Charles Herbert Armbruster (Vol. I), the Amharic-Engtish Dictionary of Amsalu Akliln and the monolingual dictionaries written by Ethiopian scholars, notably the her 11C¥? the? (KBT) of Tisimma Habti-mikael and the AAO PIC® eon sat (AYMQ) of Dasta Takla-wald. Most of the definitions taken from the sources mentioned above were translated without any context to setve as a guide. In addition, the authors of the aforementioned monolingual Amharic dictionaries were without linguistic training. Their definitions often lack clarity andPreface vu frequently the citation word appears in the definition, therefore the possibility of error is great. They also had an original approach to the understanding of a given root. They believed that the meaning of any detived stem or non-verbal clement was also inherent in the basic stem and upon occasion where no basic stem cxisted, did not hesitate to invent one. In many cases, these original definitions have been deleted but more than a few remain, They may be identified by the words ‘probably derived from... .”. These two authors also have a tendency to conjugational symmetry, that is they list as valid forms most of the possible forms of a given root. For instance. the KBT gives the form ending in -08 for most root entries, a practice not followed by the AYMO. Nonetheless, the vocabulary of Amharic is in such a state of flux with new words being coined which make use of all the resources of Amharic that it seemed best to retain them. Recent issues of the newspaper, Addis Zemen, contain new words such as Are’ Scrabble’ (a word game) which appeared too late to be included in this dictionary. It may also be nored that many of the neologisms contain forms not otherwise attested. Further, recent works of fiction ike Haddis Alamayyahu’s fag’ Aa and Tasfaye Sontayyéhu’s av? contain many words of Gojjame and Gondare provenance not found in this dictionary. Naturally entries from Guidi, Baeteman, the Supplemento and Armbruster contain a good many obsolete words, usages and meanings. However, the present time is one in which practi- cally any text written in Ambaric can be made available through the computer and the Xerox machine. Given the intense interest in matters Ethiopian due to the Ethiopian Revolution and itsaftermath, it seemed judicious to include the usages contained in these lexicons since many researchers will be working with documents covering a wide chronological range. ‘Amharic is a high!y idiomatic language and though many idioms have been included in this, work, there are undoubtedly many more to be found in any edition of the local newspaper or any work of fiction, {tis not always possible to distinguish between an original mode of expres sion and an idiom. An example is PIS ACAFU FOF AF AATF AA ‘the motor abso- lutely refused to start (lit. slaughter me, besmear yourselves with me [i.e. my blood] but I wilt nor start)", Whether this is a genuine idiom or the author's expression likening the motos to an ‘extremely recalcitrant ox is difficult to determine. Since this sentence is not easily understood even in context, it has been included in the belief that by explaining expressions of this kind, the user may be helped to deduce the meaning of similar expressions. No thoroughgoing effort has been made to provide the etymology of all the words in this dictionary. To do so, a thorough knowledge of Oromoitiia and the other Cushitic languages of Ethiopia would be required, Not all Amharic words of foreign origin are equally known to all Amharic speakers. Therefore etymologies - where known — have been supplied with the exception of words like radfo and gas which by betonging to the scientific or technical vocabu- lary may be considered international. English presents a special problem in that most edu- cated Ethiopians know English and tend to use English words when no adequate Amharic equivalent exists or readily comes to mind, hence it is not always certain if a given Englishx Preface word is a genuine loanword or is simply being used fauie de mieur if not to show off the speaker's knowledge of that language. Sometimes certain English words acquire a different meaning in Amharic usage than thcy have in English, for example ‘artificial’ meaning ‘toy’ [adj. |. Generally the language from which a loanword was directly taken is indicated. How- over, most words of Greek or Latin origin have bcen ascribec to these languages even though they have been received into Amharic from Geez and/or Arabic. Those few words derived from Hindi, Spanish or the like have probably come into Amharic via Italian but since much tesearch would be required to determine the course by which they came into Ambarie, only the most certain origin has been indicated in this dictionary. A certain number of inconsistencies will be noted. Reduplicated compound verbs such as 1A AAP AA may have the final consonant of the first element indicated as ungeminated in the transcription but as geminated in other eases. In conversational speech. the final conso- nant of the first element is not geminated and this is reflected in the transliterations of these verbs given in the dictionaries of Gankin and Armbruster. In.addition, nominal derivatives of the CaCaCa type should have the second and third consonants geminated for verbs of type B but there are many exceptions to this rule. Some of the loanwords, many of them Arabic, cited by the KBT must be considered doubt- ful. Three entries in particular indicate that this suspicion is justified: #%e ‘merchant of bricks’ is apparently a misunderstanding of Dozy’s qaifir ‘marchand de bric-a-brac’ and #NCA ‘a kind of mosque' is obviously a misunderstanding of d’Abbadie’s ‘mousquet de gran- des dimensions’. 4¢'9¢ which occurs in Bacteman with the meaning ‘a kind of hay’, appears as. two entries in the KBT, the first with the meaning ‘a kind of tree, juniper, a tree growing in Syria’ and the second with the meaning ‘hay’. Since Arabic sanaubar ‘stone pine’ denotes a kind of tree that does not grow in Echiopia, the first citation seems improbable. In his choice of Arabic loanwords, the author of the KBT may have been unduly influenced by his many years of residence in Harar which as a Muslim religions center has been subjected to the influence of Arabic. Geographic coordinates have been taken from the Gazetteer of Ethiopia published by the Defense Mapping Agency, Washington, D.C. While comprehensive, this gazetteer does not have a consistent transcription system and does not take into account regions like Bulga which have no officially recognized administrative boundaries. Its place-names are drawn from the 1501 S map series, 1:250,000 scale which was produced by the same agency in 1972. This map series contains far fewer names than the British War Office maps produced by the Geographi- cal Section, General Staff in the 1:500,000 scale and reproduced by the Survey Directorate of the East Africa Command during World War II. Most of the entries nnder 4% ‘plant’ have been taken from: Jacques Mercicr’s article “Ap- proche de la médecine des debteras.”Preface x ORDER OF ENTRIES The entries are arranged by root (or if none, by the initial letter of the word) according to the order of the Ethiopic alphabet with some exceptions: uae GAH FN YF AN hour Re 1m aw Ks 7. The exceptions are that in keeping with the system used by Ignazio Guidi, the letters u, ch, 1 have been grouped together as have the letters #, 4 and %, 8. The letter 9° has been grouped with 2. ‘The order of an entry is as follows: verb — simplex, reduplicative, passive, reciprocal, causa- tive, conative, causative of a causative and where applicable, verbs with prefixed tan- and an-, ‘After the verbs, the derived forms follow: simple, prefixed +-, prefixed A-, prefixed a”- (including infinitives and instrumentals) and ending with the noun of manner. Compound verbs formed with Aa, Ai'¥ or ALL have not been placed with the verbs but are listed according to the non-verbal element inasmuch as they occasionally appear with the verbal element elided, ¢.g. when occurring in a series or in a truncated expression. Ilustrative sentences have generally been enclosed in parentheses while idioms have not. Sayings and sentences containing peculiar usages have been placed at the end of the sub- entry, e.g. a proverb or a sentence containing the verb Aftd as headword will be at the end of the entry for 02 and will be immediately followed by the sub-entry aan. ‘The transfiteration system used in this dictionary is the same as that employed by Wolf Leslaw in his Amharic Textbook and his Concise Amharic Dictionary (see table). Translitera- tions of Arabic words are taken from A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, by Hans Wehr, edited by J Milton Cowan, 4th edition. Transliterations of Oromaiiia words are from the Oromo Dictionary by Gene Gragg unless otherwise noted. In some cases, the Amharicsource identified a given word as Oromofiiia but the word was not listed in either Gragg or in da Thienc. In such an instance, the word is marked Orom. but no transliteration is given. At- tributions, e.g. (KBT), (Ar.), (inf) indicate a certain amount of doubt. The transhiteration conforms more closely to the written symbol than actual pronunciation. For example, Amharic very rarely uses the glottal stop and where it does, there is no differen- tiation in pronunciation between a (°) and A (’). The change of a to A after the consonant w is not indicated. For further information on Amharic pronunciation, see Amharic Textbook by Wolf Leslau.XL Preface SYMBOLS + preceding an entry, e.g, "WHA - ThA indicates that the verb ias no simplex form. It is also used to indicate the root of one or more Geez entries, €.g. "Pand - P47 and for indicating that the presumed root of a particular form does not exist, ¢.g. "24 ~ 7A sigiill “when he kills’ (see 24). ina definition, e.g. ‘to chase (dog: tail)’ ts to indicate that the colon replaces the verb and the definition should read ‘dog to chase his tail’. [ ] Words in the translation of a citation sentence that ate enclosed in brackets indicate that they are tanslators’ additions. An entry enclosed in brackets, &.g. [@™m% miitfaia pipe — sce m/} indicates that the entry does not belong to the root in which it is listed but properly belongs elsewhere. ( ) Parentheses around any Ambaric letter or transliteration, e.g. (P)2+ or sil(@)iib indicate an alternate usage, i.e. the word may or may not occur with or without the letter within the parentheses. ORTHOGRAPHY The orthography used in this dictionary is etymological, following the example set by Wolf Leslau in his English-Amharic Context Dictionary. At times the orthography of the citation sentences reflects the usage of the source from which it was taken. Since written Amharic, specifically printed material, favors # for # and ® for 4 regardless of actual pronunciation, entries have generally been standardized using the labialized velars.LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS abbr. abbreviation ABMQ — Amaroitia bamaroitia mazgiba qalat ace. accusative, according (to) AD. Anno Domini ‘Adtduiifia or Adduiifa bola’ (sce sources) Adiifros (see sources) adj. adjective adv, adverb Af. Men, (see sources) Af.Rom, — Affiwirg Romance (see sources) agric, agriculture, agricultural Alim siiggiid (see sources) A.M. Amita mabrat Am. Amsalu (see sources) AmB. Amsalu Falitote (see sources) Amb, Antharic AMQ Amarafiiia masabeta qalat (see sources} anat, anatomical AvdL. And Lannatu (see sources) app. apparently approx. approximately Ar. Anabic (An) Armbruster (see sources) Araya (see sources) arith, arithmetic art. atticle astrol, astrology, AWG Affawarq Grammatica (see sources) AWMen — Aftiwarq Menelik (see sources) AWE Afawarg Labb wallad tarik (see sources) AYMQ Addis yamaratiiia mazeaba qalat (see sources) B Baeteman (see sources) Bibl. Biblical a. irea Cer, Ceruhi (citation specified in Supplement) . compare chem, chemistry civil. civilian em, centimeter Cohen Gee sources) Cohen-Griaule (Cohen, Nouvelles Etudes, citing Marcel Griaule) culluquial conjunction (Leslau, see sources) Committee for the Organization of the Party of the Workers of Ethiopia collog. (see sources) isee sources) da Thiene {see sources) Dawkins (see sources) def, cefinite dej. Cafifazmat dem. cemonstrative der. na] no ¥ ofa | % ful tom |e Aa) te [A ta [F to na [ew wiki [A a [ee lh a la o no oka@ [@ mul ki [8 kal ke[h ka[ bh ko Wohi [® ful hi |W ha | he| h hal Bho owe [om wel e wile wale wel @ wal Pwo o a oo aoe toa me oa Poo o a [we win wv iy calm zla czlY zo wo wile et [wr a l[e eli @ | zo e oye fe wel e® wile yal @ ye le ya |e yo di [&% du[s dil da|& de|® do|% do £ gi [# HR |e glk gel Be | fo a gt [w guia gil 2 gale gel gol? go a @ [wmini la ala els le foThe Amharic Alphabet XXVI ot [am culm | ca| ae ce |e co | om co R pa |® pul& pi | & pal& pe|® pal po xR sl e ula gw |k alm cele sa [R so 8 sa > «wilt gs lt «| % se lo sa |? 50 a fa [# fuje fi |* fala fe |* fo le fo v ope |e pul t pil 7 pale pele pol 7 po LARIOVELARS @ ga [* qi [# aa |® qe | qa we a’d [® WM [A ha [oe he | We te kG wm OK a ka a ke w ka + gta nm eG A gta a gre tr gta * Reprinted from Wolf Leslau, Amharic Texthookv, ah, 4 ¥ ha from, al, on, var. of fl (usage of Dambaya, Gejjam, Shoa [Ar.]) (UaYee + AdCr we camped by the litle stream) 0 Af ba alii to learn the sounds represented by the symbols of the Ethiopic syllabary; to whin- ny, bray (donkey, mule) U1 4% bas bay braying donkey D+ hu or + h"2 Ist pers. sg. subject marker, var. of tr -ku, Only hu occurs when the perfect ends in 9 geminated consonant, c.g, fmu* sittibu, Ou billahu, ahFu- salicéiho 0 = AA bu aliito cry out, to bark at length %* hd hi alii to whinny, neigh (horse) (LLL H+ Me don’t whinny) v ‘at hdl ha alli to bray (Ac) twenty (Shoan variaat of haya) -v -ah matker for the 2nd masc, sg. subject, c.g. ANNU lihhasab, ‘you got dressed’, omy miiffah ‘you came’ 2nd mase. sg. object, ¢.g. 0-0 sittiihh “I pave you’ and 2nd mase. sg. possessive suffix, @R hota cheering of the winners in a ganna- hockey or soccer game Au2+ ahota to score a goal (in génnu-hockey} "1 # smabosa goal (IEF © 0% goal) - yoy vo + kA haba alé to whinny, bray (donkey. mule); to laugh, go ‘hat ha?” 0:0) haba ha (donkey's bray) vor? hf habe sti to learn the alphabet, begiv the study of the Ethiopic sylabary, fig. to start, be- gins.th., e.g. a process of making s.th. 0%, hai exclamation (of jest or of a tiureat, de- pending on the fone) ut habe or ¥f hal sorrow Wu +d. huhu ali to bray ued huhuta cry of woe or alarm (see Arby + na) %L hehe exclamation of contempt or of a threat, roughly: oho! (AFPAT + bo + aehay 1 4% oho! do you think you will get away with some mischief?) exclamation of grief or VY! AA haha alli to make a sound to indicate to the person wro is talking to one that he is being listened to, reughly: hm!, sot; to utter cries of sorrow or grief; to whiny (horse) UE hohe syllabary symbol, letter, speech sound; phoneme wr AA hoho alii to cry ho, ho! in order to make ‘swarming bees settle. to accompany a song with shouts of ho, ‘10! during celebrations of Qaddus yohannas (New Yeac’s Day) or Masqal (Feast of the Invent on of the Cross); 10 be surprised wee hoho exclamation of wonder, amazement; cry uttered toget swarming bees to settle; cry to urge on oxen WF AP haho bay person of little importance, ‘of small account vu > hobota clamor (of a market), uproar (in an assembly duc to a disagreement) “7 bohat blank space between letters (Geez hohat *gate’) PAE! Pee Levant, place where the sun rises “PAb tL entrance, doorway, entry, passage (0 the inter or of s.th., means of seeing inside sth. “TALE hohayat in PAST + LLA dlank spaces between letters (pl, of hohat above) Yw"> hahan priest, var. of hu’? kahan (Supp.)vay UA hoh"ait (see *U@4) UU hohoy exclamation of anger ute halo hello, utterance used when initiating speech on the telephone Eng. Ute hallo a kind of acacia Wty hullu every, all (of a thing), everybody (@ NF | HPMEr bring all of it) (e9F7 all of us) (7 ARE NANA don’tbe selfish, til, don’t say, everything is for me!) o-A hulle always, all the time trie + flax or thax + univ everybody, everyone thie + 69 or wat hellagdin daily, every day U-te + u-te completely, in its entirety wie + Mawee all, everyone. indeterminate number O-te # (LE sponger, cadger; person or animal which has no home are +14, voracious, one who cats whatever food he can lay hands on arte + 796 everything dete 70% hulu agiiras one who adapts read- ily to new situations AL, hullizze always, everytime, perpetually, all the time Gtr hulugibh or -A7-0 hullégébb one who concerns himself with the affairs of others, meddler, intriguer; multifaceted, comprehen- sive, versatite GAB AINE + ONEIE | RAGA + em fuel is @ multifaceted and basic material) (0-4 + 741 + FU versatile [person]) O-A70 hullagib comprehensive; a plant se- sembling mint which is eaten cooked as a rem- edy for macé (a sudden and violent illness ~ see ech), ground creeper, also KU-A # 741 olmlla- gibh POAIN RAMEE # re + PANE cooperative association ROAM ahullagibb = VAT TesA + 7-1 onc who has sufficient knowledge to be conversant on many subjects WATE hulgize, UAT hullizge ot UA “Ini, hulliig(a)ze = hollizze ie?" hullum all of them, everything, every- one (OIF AeE + 7796 everything for the war front!) va (te + Adv they are all present, avaiable, at band) (OW? + ve nevertheless, despite all that) (ha? * OF everywhere) (te? * Nik not choosy) Av Vihullumm in any casc (huriee? © 910 in any case) oA hullahulla everything; all sorts of thiogs [brought together] QO-4-¢ bihullahulle completely, altogether, eutirely (obs.) AP | Ud everybody ATE | Ue cveryone, whomsoever YS. andi + infinitive + Ué hulu = inas- much as, just like, just as; instead of (Paws = IRENA stead of eating his lunch, he stayed huagry all day) {[proverb] AF&ee + Oty as they say {proverb]) hus #48. above all, more than anything hu-a(e) 114g. kihullum(m) biilay above all, over all, more importantly heir = flac kahully bifit first of all, to begin with, at once, right away uA common, universal, everybody's G-Pd¥ + ee all creation v-h2°% hullimiina + sulfixed possessive pro- nouns: Uhersar his entire body, all his body, every aspect of his behavier; all aver his body [adv.] (Uae ary + £0eP & he aches all over) AS’ her entire body, etc. O07 hullinta universe (neol.) OA hullintawi universal (neol.) OAtTS holliotina or UATE hulkintonna total, sum (Ar.); = hulldiména GAS hulliye always, all the time, var. of OA hulle U4 bulla everyone, every spot, var. of ott hull (anne | Rat hAM REA LMAPA TE Roar | te LAar + Tha intemal joy arising from thought, will fill him wherever it is lacking) ua + 4 bodta bulla all the affairs {EAR) YA, halle hatlelujah (VO. = hovr = YA, refrain of a song sung by old women in the olden days) Yh + &f hofle luya hallelujah ‘7A2* hafleta act of singing or chanting hallelu-wa aa jah: section of the zema-hyma in which hallelu- jah is sung Yaz-@- ty the ha used in spelling halleta (to distinguish it from the homophone letters +h and 4) %A hela cistern, deep well, var. af 4A uA tala in 8 + WA Ania confertifiora, possibly Kalanchoe sp. WA hola dark groy (sheep's cout), light brown (sheep's coat) {Orom, hoolaa ‘sheep’} ‘28 b%ala behind, in the back, Tater, later on, af terwards; exclamation of a threatening nature, approx. ‘I warn you!" (424 + Aa don’t come any closer, | warn you!) (AA APE foe | AAS well then, how many Siwancs are there?) (AQ NGS+24u-F as I found out later) a4 #4 to pull back, withdraw, to go back, walk backwards AA + A+ Al hala bala alii (0 lag behind AA HG? Ato um to the rear, turn around AA * NA@-F bala b"ilawn ditectly behind, right in back of [with verbs of motion) AAR v"alass and afterwards? ‘AA! @C backward, underdeveloped (economi- cally) A44@ for the future, for later (on) X...Aa behind, in the back of, after h. ..44 behind, ia the back of, after 024 bab"ala later, later on, afterwards. then (after that); behind, at the back (ASA * he>- by hisfits later name) fi... AA behind, Inter than, after (of place ot time) (Sb | AA behind you, alter you [+ fii is an allomorph of 1 ké-]) (hiv © 84 after this, after that) fi kai + perfect + bab"ala after [conjunction] GA-FAA bastih"ala behind, from behind, from the hack. after (RAFRA | 2-7-4 + Nile he disturbed [every- one] by coming late) R&A kih"“ala behind (HAA + (tea in the rear, at the rear) AA + AA to the rear, behind (NAA AAS PEATE ED | ARF Fe ber [pol. pl.] children [accusative] who were scat- tered to the rear...) @SXA widlkala backward, backwards, to- wards the back; behind, if the back OSA * LI go toward the back/tear; [to s.0. dsiving a vehicle] BSAA + aaH to come later 8.3.4 1 2.19 remain or lag behind, to be late, to be backward OSA + PePAN wo give up: to turn about (around), to go back @8AA? He to turn around @PAA | RIA to lean back @P-%A ' NOta0M to put [s.th, | in the back OREN! ALC4 to put or set [s.th.] aside, to put [s.th.] behind @&2A* ha widih”ale alii co withdraw, draw back, to hold back; (0 delay, be Tate; to fail to Keep one’s word (ANCE 2 THA APO tO RAA ERAN they didn’t hold back on spending money for the wedding) (WFO NCERT OREN: HEAP he is unfaltering in the performance of his duty) (hit? me A= AA he changed his mind, he did not keep his word) OP AA = CPLA widdih" ala yammayal res- ol OR AA Hh later fh... @£44 of HOLA from behind (hagaa © Ams he attacked from the roar, from behind) a4 yuh“ala behind, back, rear PAA | ZR to walk backwards, to back up 44 + AA in the long run, sooner or later, final- ly, ultimately (CoE le ONAN | PA! FER! AATF finally she stecled herself, mustered up hee courage and said, ‘No. let her go!”) FAA: PAA = PAA EAA AAar +: YCH reverse (gear) PAA = Ac back door ick up! eAasb yih"alit [adv.], backward, in the back. on the back PARA | 17 to walk backwards, to back, back out (Ar) PARE +608 to walk backwards RAAF + AA to be incomplete. shori [of the goal, af completion] PAA * hid to tie the hands bebind the backAARA war FAA + @RA to fall flat on one’s back, fall over backwards @40% + 744 t0 become famous eventally ANF hMalbiifa tast (of place and time), latter, posterior; one who is in the rear or is behind, ‘one who arrives by following another (Anan + far the last person) TARY yah" aliiia posterior, latter, rear: fol- lower, one who waiks behind another (RAAT FH: CLE F = LUG ee the last shull be first [Bibl.]) AAC bYalayod in PACH # AFPARA, ret- rograde motion ¢hAAG halhal spurting or squirting of blood (person or animal that has been stabbed); the shooting up of fame(s) shah hathalta spurting or pouring out of blood Ad hollil At. hallala +dhAA- -tchOA thallBli to become light (dark place), to brighten up (acc), to beam (expres- sion due to joy) Ax. tahallata Ad halldild 10 be good (licit) {Ar. hallala]; to dry out, become dry (damp place) AX halal good (licit) Ax, halal 70.0, halele cry for starting the gugs-polo game (Orom.) yaa halal full moon Ar. hilal 76. h¥ bolle luya hallelujah (see 70.) ¢uie* hallémé to dream, have a dream (see also hac) 4°, halumi one who dreams, bas a dream AP? balm dream, fancy AA * 4.0.4 dream (as opposed to a vision or xan apparition) AhA@ * ALS: the dream Joseph interpreted for Pharaoh; charm or incantation used by sorcer- ers for inducing dreams 2hACTF” holmam one who dreams every night aaee halmiiiw = halmam hOF habim in 6M + dhA.F ataber bead (see car) HAPAPY | AA hotomlamm.alé to disappear, vanish (see also KAY! AA) to utter cries of joy or jubilation vaAore-toh halmélmelek star which is in the ascendant from 26 Taksas to 26 Miggubit, i.e during the dry season; one of the four planets (ABMQ) whoegar hulliminaw all over his body (see whe) uh hallfo a dish made of many ingredients mixed together ih? halbigi to create {Arabic loanword used by Musliros instead of Kittie] Ar. kalega chO> haliq the Creator, God [Muslim usage only] Ax. kalig “ant - om Ant mnihallig or 2hAP miihallay small coins), small change, piaster (obs.); 2 unit of measure for precious metals AAP holg connective tissue in the chin or the chest “Ad hYolg"a number (Geez only); Bible verse RAR OES + KAA@ innumerble, countless, immeasurable, lit, which bas neither umber nor measure "BAL | 2ORAETbooks Of church and school APY holqit destruction (see KAL) OB? APE ag halt Plantagy lanceolata AAb-E © SNF end of the world AAP haliogt = halgit 01 halib in 60 © 244 Atagi halih any plant bav- ing a milky sap, e.g. ficus, euphorbia, esp. Euphorbia tirucalli, (see also had) sh fet haloh sour cheese (Geez) ‘AGT holbiit Lenten or fasting dish made of bar- Jey, pepper, hulled beans and nug-oil (see nA) O07 huliitt two ¢ WA 1 Wr to break [vi] up, separate into two WAP ABE to cut. divide or separate [vt] into two ina + suffixed possessive pronoun expresses two of , . ., both of . wAX FY both of us Aa 1 UAT by twos Ware halitte twice, two times OA hulitto twin, doubied AbP halite bothoar ne ute + Af hulitt Habh of two minds (unde- cided): duplicity, cunning wa + PAD hubitt malas one wino mixes truth with falsehood GA 1 we hultt sri the Chalcedonian doc- trine that the actions of the Word and the flesh are separate UAT + YF cight o'clock (becanse traditional Ethiopian time reckoning begins each 24-hour period at 1800 hours {night} followed by the daytime 12-houc period at 0600) U-A% | ACE bubitf bahroy the doctrine that Jesus Christ had two separate natures, Divine and human At © hei double-barreled [gun] ATH, hulittiigee twice (Ar.) Au-A% together (ABA S69 | ALCTOP and together we lifted him. ) Nat hahulatt wc 6 120+ Ne-At 1 wae she gave birth on the second day of the (new) month AY-A + Get in pairs, two hy two AAw-At having two (of s.th., e.g. Awad + P-hC bimotored, twin-engine); one whose turn it is to give the sodality [mahohdr] banquet two months later AIF + WAT a couple of [dollars] ATE + UAT + PUA a few, several (sce hha) (VISE! BAF In MPM EET OT FA@-9 there is no doubt that it is useful, its usefulness is beyond dispute) heat = Ag in wo places (herd? + AR + 84.4 he was wounded in two places) North + AS one or the other; dilemma UATE bulfttonndt state or condition of be- ing two U-A+% hullittiiiia second (in order of prece- dence), secondly, another time, again; younger (sibling) (wtb + wm he came in second, he was sec- ‘ond fin grades, in rank) PALE O * FAP the Next World DADE | BLE FP UCT | ILE high school teary yahulittiiannat second (prize), referring to being second #AFS bolittayya second child born after the death of the first child; double relationship, e.g. if the uncle of ego is married to ego’s father's sister, their child is hullittayya to ego; twin BATE holitiayyo donble, double-layered angara-bread ‘nade by pouring batter on a fresh angara and baking it again, game having two players WATE hulittayyod double; game having two players; double thread; pair of oxea Wh hobiitii tobe double, make double 4 Ab tihollitii to be double, doubled or twin WA ballot twin, double A> ballets chanting halle!njab (see 7A.) ‘AY halkit sta, rod (Geez) Aad + OCP scepter Une bolita or Utes holota Holeta 0904N 383VE (now officially known as Ginniit [Genet] héve? haltit a plant, var. of AAE+ altet 146 hallina or 74 hallena [rare] conscience, mind, reason, intelligence; thought, idea (Ar.) AASom'} + DPA to be lost in admiration, be ina reverie AATar'y « Art to lose consciousness 4A. © 112 one who harbors iif thonghts; one who lacks conscience of compassion 40.7 + O.04r> halfina hisamnit state or condi- tion of lacking conscience or compassion 4A8 + avi narrow-minded, mean-spirited C40. § Aled prayer said under one’s breath, silent prayer CHO * AAS roto'ati hallina good-hearted, npright AEA | 1A5 lost in thought, rapt, absent- minded; mind fixed on spiritual matters Al * 4A, conscientious TA. = 44.4 keen of intellect, good student or Tearner ‘42+ + 40.9 nagati ballina (political) con- sciousness $871 40.5 magination Wd. | 4A. journey made in one’s imagination hm + 4A. wusté hallina subconscious “10H | 14.6 state of the mind (in which good or bad thoughts ace conceived, means for expres- sing those thoughts) A.6% ballinat concepts (810! PAH | PAT ar! PATS! ATF + HVT aee LE BAA ARRAS HATHwats 6 on (O70! ANF) + Coyne | CLLALAET: PePDAA it seems that more than ever before we need words and phrases having a Geez ap- pearance to express new concepts) 0-03 hullinta universe (ncol.) {see 0) *hANF hollakiiiia stubborn (see ANF) %ADT+E helicoptiir helicopter dA? hakiwa sweets, candy Ar. hala VAP hallowe living u long time, manner of exist ing a long time; place where one lives (Geez) UNG hallawe essence, nature, state of being or existing (Geez) Aled + UAT unity of being, e.g. a tree which consists of roots, trunk, leaves, Nlowers, fruit and taste (KBT) VAOm hallow existing cternally (Gad) (Geez) UAers hollewonna being (the fact of being, cx- isting), existence, nature BA hulliizze always (sce OY) FAN hullizge always (sce HA) “1N€ halkyd to think, cogitate (Geez only} “WAL hallaye theory; mind AAS + oo FACH care, thought of life (ef, Luke Bild) Ret | WAS silent prayer AS halaya reasoning AAP haliyii to sing (Geez only) MAL haliyt in hOLt + GY singers fashioned of metal (from the Zena Askndar or Story of Alexander); radio or gramophone {obs. neol.) “ThA maholet sacred song, hymn “Tt: 190 mahaleti plimbo cxtemporized bawdy songs sung to church hymns by tradition. al church students “VAA+t | F% maboletii sage Canticle of the Flower, verse hymn composed in honor of the Virgin Bat Tas the western part of the outer cor- ridor of a traditional Ethiopian church, lit. place where hymins are sung, KCI! THAT dorglitatii maholet o:ganiz- ing the various musical instruments so they will provide a harmonious piece of music ooh? + ob mihalayd mihaley the Song oT Songs or the Song of Solomon shATH halgiiz blood vessel (Geez) ¥A4. hallafa’ to pass, pass away (see ANZ.) wad. + A°7@ hallifs simayu lit. his heaven has pussed away - a reference to the Ethiopian al- phabet which begins with ¥ and ends with 4 (Supp.) BAg, hatafl one who passes, thing which passes away, transient, transitory, ephemeral BAG. + ATRL passerby UAL * 2H past [1], past tense UA&S+ halafiyat mortals; transitory states or coaditions VAL halflit act of passing, passing away (QUAL + PACE who departed this life) Dash + GAP end of the world “1Ad. halliifa"' (see AAd.) “184 halafi one who is in charge of s.th., re- sponsible (for an enterprise, a group, an instal- lation, ete.), enrator, head (of a firm), keeper (444 + 64 to account for) “WAG 4+ halafinniit responsibility, charge (re- sponsibility) 40% halifa Caliph Ar. kalifa Am hal(af left margin (of u page or book); par- tial parchment (page) (see. hit.) Ad halfit act of passing (sce IMA, KAR) ve" amu father-in-law (Geez) 41. hami five (in counting the strokes while bat- ting a ball —sce #964) shF hamma to stander (see A?) Y7" hamm bite, chcwing (see U"UF" + AA) sh” hamm red glass beads which used to be worn around the neck (Gondare usage): flat, white sass beads worn as above; red color for cloth (AMQ) ah? + #8, dark ycliow beads (Gondare usage) a? bam trce with whitish hark (AYMQ) wet home a kind of tree We7 hom(ma eve of the wedding when the bride leaves off wearing the mé-helt worn only by un- married girls (Gojjam usage}; steep cliff or