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Simulation of Lightning Transients On 110 KV Overhead-Cable Transmission Line Using ATP-EMTP PDF
Simulation of Lightning Transients On 110 KV Overhead-Cable Transmission Line Using ATP-EMTP PDF
kresimir.fekete@etfosr.hr
srete.nikolovski@etfos.hr
marinko.stojkov@gmail.com
zoran.kovac@hep.hr
I. INTRODUCTION
In the process of designing new facilities in the power
system (substations, cables, overhead lines etc.), lightning
overvoltages are important from the viewpoint of the
insulation and surge arrester coordination. Due to construction
of the highway in the eastern part of Croatia, a new 110/x kV
substation was built with two parallel connecting underground
cables as well. Cables were connected to already existing 110
kV overhead lines. A more detail presentation of the system is
presented in Chapter II. At the place where the transition
between overhead lines and cables is made, surge arresters
were installed. In order to make surge arrester coordination it
is necessary to investigate the impact of lightning
overvoltages.
It is very hard to observe the lightning overvoltages
experimentally, and thus a numerical simulation is used to
investigate it. The EMTP has been widely used for the time
domain transient solution. It was first developed at Bonneville
Power Administration (B.P.A.) from Dommels basic work
[1]. Nearly all system components can be represented by builtin elements in ATP-EMTP like overhead lines with line and
ground wires and towers as well as underground cables [2]. In
this paper ATP-EMTP is used to create a model of the power
system and to simulate lightning stroke at the grounding wire
on the overhead line and its impact on underground cables and
surge arresters.
Fig. 1. Single line diagram representing the part of the transmission system
that is studied
TABLE I
PARAMETERS OF THE OVERHEAD LINES AND CABLES
Conductor type
1 conductor/phase,
240/40 Al/St
Conductor type
Al
Overhead line
Series resistance
(/km)
0.1188
Series inductance
(mH/km)
1.0565
A. Tower
The height of 110 kV tower used in this paper is 31.9 m.
The layout of one typical 110 kV tower is shown in Fig. 3.
The distances are given in meters.
Underground cable
Series resistance
Series inductance
(/km)
(mH/km)
0.0251
0.346
The tower is represented by four lossless ConstantParameter Distributed Line (CPDL) models [5] as illustrated
in Fig. 4, where
Zt1 tower top to the upper phase = upper phase to middle
phase = middle phase to lower
Zt4 lower phase to tower bottom.
h
c0
(1)
Ri Ri xi ; Li 2 Ri
R1 R2 R3
R4
1
2 Z t1
ln
h x4 1
2Zt 4 1
ln
h
4
(2)
(3)
(4)
where:
1 = 4 = 0.89 attenuation along the tower.
Values for resistance (R) and inductance (L) in our study
are: R1 = 15.54 , R2 = 17.66 , R3 = 15.9 , R4 = 33.48 ,
L1 = 3.285 mH, L2 = 3.733 mH, L3 = 3.36 mH and L4 = 7.076
mH.
A tower footing impedance is modelled as a simple linear
resistance Rf = 10 .
B. Number of Towers
Five towers of a part of a line route to substation TS
400/110 kV Ernestinovo and five towers of a part of line route
to substation TS 220/110 kV Djakovo are represented
including all line circuits. The total number of towers is ten.
Direct lightning stroke at the grounding wire to tower #2 is
analysed. Fig. 5 represents the model of only one part of the
analysed power system.
C. Arrester
In order to protect cable from lightning overvoltages zinc
oxide surge arresters ABB Pexlim Q are installed at the place
where overhead lines and cables are connected. In the model
used in this study nonlinear branch model is used with its
input V-I characteristic to represent surge arrester. Protective
V-I characteristic [6] of surge arrester is illustrated in Fig. 6.
i (t )
(t / 1 ) n
e( t / 2 )
(t / 1 )n 1
(5)
(1 / 2 )( 2 /1 )1/ n
(6)
I0
where:
and:
I0 = lightning current peak;
1 = time constant determining current rise-time;
2 = time constant determining current decay-time;
n = current steepness factor.
Fig. 6. Protective V-I characteristic of a surge arrester
Fig. 11. Voltage at the point where surge arresters are installed
V. CONCLUSION
A flashover analysis has been performed for a 110 kV
overhead line which is connected to 110 kV underground
cables. Between the overhead line and cable, a surge arrester
is installed. The cable shield is well grounded at both ends of
the cables with a copper wire. The function of the surge
arrester and influence of the lightning stroke on a cable are
observed. As simulation results indicate if a surge arrestor
works properly there will be no dangerous overvoltage
affecting the underground cable shield.
Further work on this study will be based on different
lightning current waveforms, like CIGRE concave waveform
[10]. Also, the influence of different stroke locations, tower
structures and the cable length, as well as a detailed influence
of lightning stroke on the grounding system and cable shield
are interesting subjects for further analysis.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors wish to acknowledge Laszlo Prikler for his
contribution in developing the model of overhead
transmission line and tower in EMTP. The paper is supported
by the Croatian Transmission System Operator HEP TSO
Osijek.
REFERENCES
[1] H.W. Dommel, Digital Computer Solution of Electromagnetic
Transients in Single-and Multiphase Networks, IEEE Trans. Power
Apparaturs and Systems, vol. PAS-88, pp. 388399, April 1969.
[2] H. W. Dommel, EMTP Theory Book, Bonneville Power Administration,
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Analysis Recommended in Japan Using EMTP, IEEE Trans. On
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[4] M. Kizilcay, and C. Neumann, Analysis of Backflashover Across 110kV Insulator Strings of a Multi-circuit Transmission Tower, in Proc.
European EMTP-ATP Meeting 2006, pp. 115-127, 2006.
[5] Canadian/American EMTP User Group, ATP Rule Book, Distributed
by the European EMTP-ATP Users Group Association, 2005.
[6] ABB documents 1HSM 9543 13-01en Edition Protection
characteristic of surge arrester PEXLIM-Q2, 2004.
[7] J.R. Marti, Accurate Modeling of Frequency-dependent Transmission
Lines in Electromagnetic Transient Simulations, IEEE Trans. Power
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1982.
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[9] B. V. Bewly, Travelling Waves on Transmission Systems, New York:
Dover, 1963.
[10] CIGRE WG 33-01, Guide to Procedures for Estimating the Lightning
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