Quy TAC PHAT AM
I. M6t sé quy tac phat 4m cia 4m /iY
Phat 4m 1a /i:/ nhitng nhém chit sau day.
1. Nhém ea(-)
Nhiing tit cé tan cing bang ea hoac ea véi mat phu am.
sea sit = bién
seat feist = ché ngéi
to please iplizal = lam hai long
to teach feist! = day, day hoe
peace ipizel = hoa bink
* Negoai lé:
Da sé cée tif cé nhém ea(-) doc /iv/, tit vai tif thong dung
sau day:
break fbreik/ = vd, lam vd, gay
breakfast /brekfast/) = bita diém tam
great. /greit/ = ut dei
to measure /fmeza/ = dolwing
pleasure —plesa/ = khodi lee
2. Nhém ee(-)
Nhiing ti cé tan cing bing ee hay ee vdi mét phy 4m
hay hai phy 4m:
Ex:
bee foil con ong
beet Noictd ct edi duding
tree fers! cay
green /grizn/ = xanh luc, chua cé kink nghiém4.
w
Ex:
, deceive
Nhém -e
thi, la
chi dy, c6 dy
chiing téi, chiing ta
xdu xa
nude Ai Cap
bi mat-
it noi, kin dado
ngay od dén
chiéu toi
hoan toan
ngudi diing ddu, éng xép
tin tudng
niém tin, léng tin
lam nhe bét dau buén
M6t sé tu théng dung
be his
she Ificl
we Awil
evil fiw
Egypt fi:dzipt!
secret fsickrit!
secretive /sikrictiv or
‘sikretivel
Nhém e-e
Nhiing tit cé mt phu 4m 6 giiia hai chite
even. fivant
evening fivenm!
complete kam’ pli:t/
Nhém ie-
Nh6m ie véi m6t hay hai phy 4m
chief
believe
belief
relieve
Nhém ei-
Nhém ei vdi mét hay hai phu 4m va chi di sau 4m /s/ hay
chit c, s mdi doe 1a fiz,
receive
receipt
Nhém -ese
Tiép vi ngi nay chi quéc tich
Vietnamese
Chinese
Wvietna'mi:z/
[Sainic!
dank lita, lita déo
nhan duge
gidy bién lai
ngudi Viét, tiéng Viet
ngudi Trung QuécIl. M6t s6 quy tac phat 4m cha am MV.
Phat 4m la Vf nhing nhém chit sau day.
Ex:
2.
Ex:
Nhém i-
Trong nhiing tif mét 4m tiét vA tan cing bing mét hose
hai phu 4m i+ phy 4m.
to, lén
dao ién
day, dan dn
méng, gdy
Trong nhiing tiép diu ngi: be, de, re, ex, e, ej, em, en,
big big! =
to dig Idigl =
thick 8ik/ =
thin {Bins =
e doc lA Jif
pre
become (bikam/ =
behave /be'heiv/ =
defrost {diz frost/ =
decide =
renew =
return =
exchange —fiks'tfeindy =
eradicate liradikeit/
embitter fim’ bital "=
enslave fin'sleiv!
predict fpri’dikt/ =
Teport iritpa:t/ "
trdnén
cu mit
lam tan dé
quyét dink
didi mdi
trové, hoan lai
trao déi
nhé ré, diét
lam cho cay dé ng
né lé héa
tién dodn
tudng trinkTiép vi ng va cdc chit tin cing hén tap
-age passage Ppasids /
-ate temperate /temparit/
climate Pklaimit/
+ industry Pindastri/
-ly friendly Ffrendli/
-ey donkey /donki/
-ive expensive /iks'pensiv/
-et market /ma:kit!
‘let booklet — Pbuklit/
Nhiing tigng dic biét
England Finglend/
women fwimin/
busy Piz!
business Pbiznis/
businessman fbiznisman/
u
"
doan vén; léi di
6n hoa
Ahi hau
dng nghiép
than thién
con lita
dat
che
tp sdch nha
nude Ank
phu nit
ban biu; nhén nhip
cng viée, vige thiteng
mai
thiong giaL.
Mét sé quy tAc phat am cua am /e/
Nhbém a-
Trong nhiing tY cS mét Am tiét, tam cdng bing mét hay
nhiéu phu am.
bad foxd/ = xu, dd, kém
hang then! = trea, treo cd lén
fan Hen! = edi quat
map /mzp/ = bandé
Ngoai lé:
father fa: da/ : cha
calm fka:m/ : binh tinh
Chai ¥: Mét 86 tiéng doc 1a /ayY theo ngudi Anh, ngudi My
doe /ee/:
British English American English.
fesk! : Adi
ask /a:sk/ :
can’t /ka:nt/ cannot /kent/ : khéng thé
Nhifng tif dic biét:
to have Mhev! = 66, dn, udng...
to laugh ffi (Am.) = cuit
aunt fent/ (Am.) = o,di1.
Mt sd quy tac phat 4m cua am /a/
Doc 1a /ax/ trong nhiing nhém chi sau day:
Nhom ar(-)
Trong nhiing tit cé mét 4m tiét ma tan cing bing r hay
(x + phu 4m) hofc trong mét fim tiét cha mét tu khi a
ding truée (r + phu 4m).
car fsa: = xehoi
cart _ Tkartl = xengva
bark foa:k/ = sia
lark No:k/ = chim sen ca
charm / tfo:m/ = véduyén dang, quyén ri
Tir dae bigt
father Fta:da/ = cha
calm Akacnod = binh tinh
clerk fcla:k/(Br.) = thithy k@'todn
heart Mna:t! = tim, tém hén, trung tamQUY TAC PHAT AM
Mét.sé quy tac phat 4m cia 4m /of
Doc 1a /o/ trong nhiing nhom chit sau day:
Nhém o-
Doc la /o/ d6i vdi nhing tit c6 mot dm tiét, tan cing bing
mét phu 4m va trong 4m tiét duge nh&n manh cia ti cb
nhiéu dm tiét.
dog /dog/ = conché
pot Ipot! = edindi
doctor Pdoktal = bac si
modern ?modan/ = t6i tan, tan tién
voluntary —/'volantari/ = tty, tink nguyén
hot Intl = néng
Cha ¥: Nhém chit o- déi khi doc /ow/ déi khi doc /a/,
nhung nhém -ock bao gid cing doc /ok/.
a lock Moki: & khda
o'clock /klok/: dong hd
Nhém -ong
Nhiing tif cd tan cing bang -ong:
‘long Nong = dai, lau
strong ‘stron! = manh, dam déc
wrong fron = sai, phan ludn ly
Ngoai lé:
among /amanj/: d trong 86, trong dam
Tw dac biét :
gone /gon/ (to go): He’s gone: Ong ta da di réi.Il. Mét sé quy tac phat fm cia 4m /s/
L
4.
Phat 4m 1a /a/ trong nhitng nhém chit sau dfy:
Nhém all-
Bae lao d6i vdi nhiing tix mét dm tiét c6 tan cing bing
call ‘ko: = kéu, goi
tall ita: = cao, cao rdo
small /smo:V = nho bé
ball tba: = qué béng
Nhém au-
Boe la /o/ trong hdu hét nhiing tit c6 “au” vdi mét hay
hai phy 4m.
author Fo:Bal = tde gid
August fo:gest! = thdng tam
audience Fo:dien! = khan gid
daughter Fdo:tal = congdi
Ngoai lé: ‘
To laugh /la:f/ or /lef/ (Am): cwéi
aunt /a:nt/ or /ent/ (Am) : di, c6
Nhém aw(-)
Doc 1a /o/ d6i véi nhiing tit o6 tan cing bing “aw” hay
“aw” véi mét phu Am.
law Mo:t = ludt phap
draw ldro:/ = vé ;
awful fo:full = hai hing, khing khiép
lawn fon! = sdncod
Nhém wa-
Doc la Ay déi voi nhing tit cb nh6m “wa” vi mt ho&c hai
phu 4m.
wall fool : bite tuving
water Patel nude
forewarn /fs:'wo:n/_—: edn cdoNhom os-
Doc 14 /d¥ déi véi nhiing tit 06 nhém “os” vdi phy Am
cross fcra.:sf = déuthép
ross /kro:s! = bang qua
cost Next! = tén kém, c6 gid la
loss Nzsf = sifthua ld, mét mat
Nhém -or(-)
Doe la /yv déi véi nhitng tix 6 nhém “or” voi phy am.
for Mt dé, cho, vi.
port fpo:tt = hdicdng
report fripo:t! = tutang trink
short Ho:tt (adi) = ngédn, lun, thiéu, sém
Nhém oar-
Doc la /a¥ déi véi nhiing tit cé nhém “oar” hoc “oar”
véi phy dm.
roar traf = gam thét
board foxdl = tdmvdn, bang
coarse Akxs/ (adj) = tholé
Nhém our(-)
Doc la /o¥ déi véi nhiing tit c6 nhém “ou” hay “our” vdi
phy am.
four (fat = sibén
pour Ipxt = rétra, dé ra, muta rio
court, Tkxt/ = sn, toa dn, triéu dinh
course ‘kasi = khéa hoc
Nhom oor
‘Chi cé it ti quen thudc.
a door Jax! = cllaravdo
a floor Hla = san nha, tang nha,
day bién4.
IL
Nhém -ew
Doc 1a /uy déi véi nhitng tit c6 tan cing bang “ew”.
the crew fkru:/
screw /skru:/
flew ‘flux!
Cha ¥:
Déi khi nhém -ew doc 1a /juy
Nhém ui-
phi hanh doan
dinh 6c
(to fly) bay
Doc 1a /uy, rit it ti cd nhém “ui” véi phy dm, doc la /uy/.
bruise Mbru:
bruit bru:
fruit ffrust/
juice / dgu:s/
vét thong, vét bam tim
trén da
tin dén, tiéng dén
trdi cy
nitée edt, nude trai edy
Mét sé quy tac ph&t 4m cia 4m /u/
Phat 4m 1a /o/ trong nhitng nhém chit sau:
Nhém ould
Doc 1a /o/ vi nhiing tif c6 nhém
could ‘kud/
should foal
would iwod/
i
“ould”.
06 thé
phai, nén
36, mudn4.
IL
Nhém -ew
Doc 1a /uy déi véi nhitng tit c6 tan cing bang “ew”.
the crew fkru:/
screw /skru:/
flew ‘flux!
Cha ¥:
Déi khi nhém -ew doc 1a /juy
Nhém ui-
phi hanh doan
dinh 6c
(to fly) bay
Doc 1a /uy, rit it ti cd nhém “ui” véi phy dm, doc la /uy/.
bruise Mbru:
bruit bru:
fruit ffrust/
juice / dgu:s/
vét thong, vét bam tim
trén da
tin dén, tiéng dén
trdi cy
nitée edt, nude trai edy
Mét sé quy tac ph&t 4m cia 4m /u/
Phat 4m 1a /o/ trong nhitng nhém chit sau:
Nhém ould
Doc 1a /o/ vi nhiing tif c6 nhém
could ‘kud/
should foal
would iwod/
i
“ould”.
06 thé
phai, nén
36, mudnNhém oo-
Doc 1a /o/ d6i vai tit c6 nhém “oo” véi phu im.
wood Jwod! = ‘ritng, g6
good /gud! = tét, hay, vui, khoe...
book fook/ "= quyén. sdch
a cook Aoki = dau bép
hook Jhok/ = edi moe
Nh6ém u-
Doe 1A fof d6i vGi mot 58 tit 6 nh6m “u” vGi mot hay hai phu
am:
bush (bof! = bui cdy
full /fol/ = day,no
put fpott = dé, dat
butcher Pbutfal = nguai ban thit
Nh6ém o-
Doc 1a Joy ddi véi nhiing tit c6 nhém “o” vdi phu 4m tuy
nhién rat it tircé nhém “o” véi phy dm doc la /o/.
ngudi phu nit
sdéi riing
a woman Pwomen!
a wolf Pwolff
a4.
Nhém o-e
Doc la /a/ v6i nhing tit c6 nh6m o-e c6 mét phy am gitta o
vae:
to come fkam/ = dir
dove fdav! = chim bé cau
a glove /glavi = chiée gang tay
to love Aavi = yéu
Chi ¥: Phan nhiéu nhém o-e doc 1a /ou/. Mot sf dng tit
tan cing -ove doc /uv/.
Nhiing tit dic bit.
blood folad/ = mdu
flood fad = nanlut
nothing Pna@in/ = khong gica
Nhifng tit cd chit “u” trong cdc nhém sau day déu
doc la /s/
-ug
arug fragt = cditham
drug idragl = thuée
-uck
a duck Idak/ = convit
chuckle MfakV = esi khuc kha khite
khich4.
Nhém o-e
Doc la /a/ v6i nhing tit c6 nh6m o-e c6 mét phy am gitta o
vae:
to come fkam/ = dir
dove fdav! = chim bé cau
a glove /glavi = chiée gang tay
to love Aavi = yéu
Chi ¥: Phan nhiéu nhém o-e doc 1a /ou/. Mot sf dng tit
tan cing -ove doc /uv/.
Nhiing tit dic bit.
blood folad/ = mdu
flood fad = nanlut
nothing Pna@in/ = khong gica
Nhifng tit cd chit “u” trong cdc nhém sau day déu
doc la /s/
-ug
arug fragt = cditham
drug idragl = thuée
-uck
a duck Idak/ = convit
chuckle MfakV = esi khuc kha khite
khichL
Quy TAC PHAT AM
Mat sé quy tAc phat 4m cha 4m /a/
Phat 4m 1a /a/ trong nhiing nhém chil sau:
Doc 1a /a/ bén nhém tan cing khéng cé nhan ar, er,
-or VA -ure,
Nhém -ar
particular /patikjula/ = déc biét
awkward —/a:kwad/" = kho xt
Nhém -er
worker Pwaikal = eéng nhan
teacher Ptictfal = gidovién
dancer Pda:nsal = viicéng
-or
doctor Pdoktal = bae si
sailor Pseilal = thay thi
-ure ‘
temperature /‘tempritfa/ = niet dé
literature —Flitaratfa/ = vdn chuong
Cha ¥: Néu c6 nhiin nhém ar doc /ay néu di sau chit w
doe oe!
Nhéme
Doc 1a /a/ trong mt 4m tiét khéng duge nh&n manh cia
mét ti,
silent /sailant/ = imldng
open foupan/ = méra
chicken ffiken! = gacon3.
1.
Nhéma :
Doe 1a Jaf trong hdu hét nhiing 4m tiét khéng duge nh&n
manh cia mot tit.
balance Pbalans/ = edi cn, sy thing bing
explanation /ekspla'neifen/ = sugidng nghia, gidi thich
capacity fka’peesiti/ = kha nding, nang luc
national Pneefanal/ = ¢6 tink cdch quéc gia
Nhémo
Doc 1a /af trong mét am tiét khéng dude nhéin manh cia
mét tit e6 nhiéu 4m tiét.
atom. Patam/ = nguyén tt
compare Jkom'peal = sosdnh
control Axan'troul/ = kiém sodt
. Mét sé quy tic phat am cha im fy
Phat 4m 1a /s/ trong nhitng nhém chit sau:
Nh6m -ir (-)
Doc 14 /a/ véi nhiing tit cé tan cing bing ir hay ir véi
phy am:
shirt Most = dosdmi
girl lgxl/ = congdi
bird Yos:d/ = con chim
skirt Iska:tf = cdi vdy2.
4.
5
Nhém (-)er- :
Doc 1a /s:/ yi nhitng tix di truéce phy 4m hoje gitta cic
phy am.
to err hal = sailém
to serve Isa:vi = phucvu
a verse Wasi = métcdu
Nhom -or-
Doc 1a /a-/ véi nhiing tit cé ihém or di sau w va truée phu
am.
the world Jwald! thé gidi
a worm /wam/ = con giun, con sdu
Nhém -ur (-)
Doc 1a /a¥ véi nhitng ti tan cing bang ur hay ur vdi phu
am.
nurse /nssf = nity td
burn fbs:n/ = détchdy
curse Tks:s! = aguyén ria
surgery Psadgari/ = khoa phéu thudt
Thursday /6s:sdi/ = ngay thit ném
Nhém (-) ear-
Doe 1a /s:/ véi nhitng ti c6 nhém ear va truée phu 4m
hay chen gi@a céc phy 4m.
learn Asaf = hoe, nghe tin
earth ds:8f = dat, trai dat
heard os:d/ = nghe (qua khit cia
OhearO)
Chia y: Nhém ear é cuéi mt tit doc 1A /ia/ déi Ichi doc /eo/.1.
4.
Quy TAC PHAT AM
M6t s6 quy tac phat 4m cia 4m /ev
Phat am 1a /ev trong nhiing nhém chit sau:
Nhém chiv ay
Doc 1a fev vain nhiing ti cé tan cing ae “ay”.
day idev
play iplev = chet, od kich
ashtray Pejtrey = ediget tin
stay Istev = dl
Nhém chit a-e
Doc 1a fer déi voi tit c6 mot Am tidt 06 tam cing bing (a +
phu 4m + e)
plate Jplert/ = cdidia
cake Mkerk/ = bdénhagot
pale Jpeil/ = xanh xoo0
safe /seiff = antoan
Nhém chit a-e
Mét s6 tircé hai phy dm 6 giifa a va e.
table Pteby = cdi ban
danger Pdemdzal = méinguy
waste /weist/ adj = bd hoang vu
Nhém chif ai-
Déi vdi nhiing tit c6 nhém “ai” véi mét hay nhiéu phy
Am, (trit phy 4m R). i
mail /meil/ = thittin
nail ine! =. mong tay, cai dink
sail /sel! = cdnh buém
maid /meid/ = nguiti hdu gai
wait /wert! = chédgiNhém chif e.:
Doc la /ev déi vi nhiing ti:
great dgret! = to, ldn, dank tiéng
break foreik/ = lam bé, lam gay
steak Isteik/ = miéng méng, ldt méng
breaker Pbreika/ = sing lén, sing bac ddu
Nhém chit -ey
Doc 1a /ev vai mt 86 tix c6 tan cing bing /ey/.
they Rev = ching} no
prey /prev’ = con méi, chim méi
grey Jered = xdm, mau xdm
obey fo’ber = vang loi
Cha y:
Nhém ey 4 van khéng cé nhén sé doe /i/
Nhom eigh (-)
Doc la /ev véi nhiing tit cé nhém chit eigh, hay eigh vdi
phu 4m.
eight feit/ = sétdm
weight Awertl = trong lugng
deign Idem! = chiéu cé, dodi dén
Nhom -ion va -ian
Doc la /ev déi vai ty c6 mot Am tiét 6 lién true va tan
cing bing -ion va ian
nation Fneifant quée gia
translation /trens'lefan/ = bai dich
preparation /pripe'reifan/ = sif sifa soan4.
Nhém o(-)
Nhiing tit c6 mét 4m tiét va o6 tan cing bang hai phy 4m
hay (phy am + e), va trong 4m tiét dugc nhdn manh cha
tired nhiéu am tiét.
home Shaom/ = nhée
postcard Fpastkad/ = buuthiép
comb fkaom/ = edi luge
Nhém ol-
Nhém ol véi mt phy 4m (consonant). Tigu bidu la tit
old: t
old feold! = gid, ci
cold Akauld/ adj = lanh, lanh ling
gold Igould! = vang (kim)3
QUY TAC PHAT AM
M6t sé quy tae phat am cia Am /av
Phat am Ja /av trong nhiing nhém chit sau:
Nhém y
Nhiing ti c6 mét am tiét hay trong tif c6 aim tiét duge
nhén manh. |
to buy ibav = mua
to fly flav = bay
to fry fra = rdn, chién
July Idgulad = théng7
shy iat = bénién, xéuhé
Nhém ie va ye
Doc 1a /av déi véi nhéing tir mot Am tiét va c6 tan cing
bang “ie hay ey”.
die dav = chét
lie Naw = nam, diéu néi déi
pie fpav = bdnh nhén
tie Ita! that, bude, edi cd vat
Nhém i-e va y-e
Doc 1a /av d6i v6i nhiing ti cé mot phy am é giflaivie
hay gidla y va e.
fine /fam/ = tétdep
five {farvi = 865
tide Itards = nude thily triéu
time /taum/! = thai gian4.
Nhém1
Nhiing tit cé mOt Am tiét ma tan cing bang (i + phu 4m
edi diéu
Gn bita tot
phia bén, bén canh
nude thiy triéu
séng, sink séng
cho, ban cho
su huéng dan
su xdo trd, gian xdo
kiéu do, diéu bé, ding
vé
nhan réi
cdnh nhan réi
+e).
kite Tkart!
dine /dam/
side Isaid/
tide ‘tad!
Ngoai lé:
to live vt
to give grvi
Nhém ui
Nhiing tif cé (ui + phu 4m + €)
guide /gad/
guile gall
guise /gaiz!
Nhom i-e
Nhiing tit cé hai phu 4m 4 gidaivae.
idle fad adj
idleness faidiness/
a title Ptatly
tén m6ft cuén sdch;
m6t vd hich..., tutte viNhém igh)
Nhiing tif c6 t4n cing bang -igh, hay igh véi phy 4m:
high thaw adj = cao, quan trong
height Mhart! = chiéu cao
light Nat! = dnh sing
Nhém -ild .
Doc 1a /ai/ voi mot sd bi 06 tan cing bang ild.
child ‘fald! = ditatré
mild /maild/ adj = hiéndiu, 6n hda
wild /watld/ adj = dittgn, manr¢g
Nh6ém -ind
Doe 1a /av véi mOt 86 ti cé nhém chit ind.
kind fkamd/ adj = ae
mind /mamd/ = ykiéh, quan niém
to bind /oaind/ = bude, ding séch
Ngoai lé:
-the wind /wmd/ = giéL
quy TAc PHAT AM
M6t sé quy tac phat 4m cia 4m /av/
Phat 4m 1a /av/ trong nhiing nhém chit sau:
Nhém ou-
Nhiing ti c6 nhém “ou” vdi mét hay hai phy 4m.
mouse /maus! = con chugt
house thavs/ = ngdinha
shout ifaotl = hét, got lon
accountant /a’kauntant/ = kétodn
Cha ¥: Rat nhiéu tiéng c6 nhém chi ou- doe 1a /aoy,
nhung mét 86 doc 1a /A/.
Nhém ow(-)
Doc 1a /ao/ déi véi mat af tY thong dung 6 tan cing bing
“ow” hay “ow” vdi phy 4m.
towel Ptavel = khan tam
drown /dracn/ = chét dudi, chét chim
frown /fraon! = chau may, su chau may
gown /gaon/ = do dai, do thung, do ngu
coward Pkaved/ = hén nhat
Nhém -our
Mot vai ti t4n cing bing our.
our Pavel cua chiing ta
hour Pavel = mét gid (60 phiit)
flour Pflaval = b6t mi
Ngoai 1é:
Nhiing tit cé tan cing = our nhung khéng cé trong 4m doc
la fat
colour halal
neighbour /neiba/
mau (color)
nguii ling giéng, nite
lan bangI.
Quy TAC PHAT AM
M6t s6 quy tac phat 4m cia m/v
Phat 4m 1a /ov trong nhiing nhém chi sau:
Nhém oi-
Nhiing tir c6 tan cing bang -oi vdi phy 4m.
coin Aco = dong tién xu
boil Pooill* = dun séi, sdi
spoil ‘spol = lamhu
soil Jaf = dat, dat tréng trot
Nhém -oy
Nhiing ti cé tan cig bing oy.
boy _ foot = con trai
joy idsou = niém ouiquy TAC PHAT AM
I. Mé6tsdé quy tdc phat 4m cia dm /ia/
Phat fm 1a /ia/ trong nhitng nhém chit sau:
cdi tai
nude mat
v6
gido mac
su lo du, so hai
traf, boi lem nhem
ué odi, mét mdi
Nhiing tir c6 nh6m ee va tan cing 1a “r”.
1. Nhémea
Nhiing tit cé6 nhém ea.
ear fial
tear itial
clear “Iklial
spear /spial
fear /fial
smear /smia/
weary Pwiari!
2 Nhémee
beer hoial
cheer Ifial
deer idial
leer Nial
steer istial
sneer isnia/
career Dka‘rial
overseer fouve'sia/
engineer /endsi'nia/
rutgu bia
suf vui vé
con hutau, nai, hodng
lige trém
lai (xe, tau)
cui khinh bi, cud hay
nghé nghiép
éng gidm thi
Ay su3. Nhém -ien(-) .
M6t it tiv 06 tan cing bing ier hay tan cing bang fer véi
phu 4m:
bier bial = don khiéng quan tai
pier Ipial = bén dé'xudng tau
to pierce Ipias! = xuyén qua, choc thing
5. Nhém-ere
Mét it tir hay vin tan cing bang ere:
here Ihial = dday, day
coherent Tkav’hiarant/ = mach lac
sincere isin’sial = thank that
* Ngoai lé:
were /wa:/ qua khi cia to be
where /wea/, there /dea /