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Synchronous Machines Theory
Synchronous Machines Theory
THEORY
SM1- 1
B( x ) Bm cos x
p
(x) =
cos
p
B( x ) Bm cos x
p
Hydrogenerator
synchronous generator
driven by water turbine in
hydro power station.
At the rotor we have now
two (or more) outstanding
magnetic poles. Field
winding has the form of
concentrated coil. In such
arrangement, when the airgap thickness between
stator and rotor shoe was
constant the flux density
distribution would be
rectangular.
SM1- 2
eu = 2Ef sint
2
ev = 2Ef sin t
3
Ef = 4.44Nf1kw f
ew = 2Ef sin t
3
f1 =
pn1
60
f1 =
5. In the closed circuit of stator windings the currents flow due to emfs:
iu = 2I sin(t )
2
iv = 2I sin t
3
iw = 2I sin t
3
- angle of displacement
between emf Ef and current I
in stator winding.
Symmetry of load is
assumed.
PHASOR REPRESENTATION
In normal steady-state
operation everything rotate
synchronously.
SM1- 3
Xad Xaq
Xad > Xaq
When we take into consideration also the leakage flux of stator winding,
each phase will be characterised by the sum of reactances:
Xl + Xad = Xd direct-axis synchronous reactance,
Xl + Xaq = Xq quadrature-axis synchronous reactance.
For cylindrical machines:
For salient-pole machines
Xd Xq
Xd > Xq
Xl leakage reactance of
stator winding.
SM1- 4
INDIVIDUAL LOAD
OR
POWER SYSTEM
L load angle
- phase angle
E f = U + jX ad I + jX l I + R1I
E f = U + jX d I