Professional Documents
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Tong Hanh Dinh Trong Mua Xuan Toan Thang Vo Nguyen Giap
Tong Hanh Dinh Trong Mua Xuan Toan Thang Vo Nguyen Giap
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
TNG HNH DINH TRONG MA XUN TON THNG
LI NI U
V Nguyn Gip
Thng li hon ton v trn vn ca cuc Tng tin cng v ni dy ma Xun 1975 i vo lch
s dn tc ta nh mt mc son chi li.
Vi thng li v i y, qun v dn ta nh thng cuc chin tranh xm lc ca quc M:
kt thc cuc khng chin 30 nm thng hai " quc to", gii phng dn tc, bo v T quc, thng
nht nc nh. y l cuc khng chin lu di nht, quyt lit nht. oanh lit nht trong lch s
chng ngoi xm ca dn tc Vit Nam.
Thng li y chm dt ch thng tr ca thc dn - quc hn 100 nm trn t nc ta. T
quc Vit Nam bc vo k nguyn mi - k nguyn c lp thng nht, c nc tin ln ch ngha
x hi.
Thng li lch s y bt ngun t ng li cch mng, ng li khng chin ng n, sng
to ca ng v Ch tch H Ch Minh, t tinh thn on kt chin u. anh dng bt khut ca ton
dn, ton qun, gn lin vi s lnh o v iu hnh trc tip ca B thng soi ti cao: B Chnh
tr, Qun u Trung ng: B Tng t lnh trong qu trnh khng chin.
Ma Xun 1975, ti Tng hnh dinh trong thnh c H Ni, B thng soi ti cao lm vic
khn trng: lin tc, tp trung tr tu, ti nng ra nhng quyt nh, k hoch chin lc, chin dch,
nhng mnh lnh, ch th cho qun v dn c nc bin cc Ngh quyt ca ng thnh sc mnh
chin u v chin thng trn cc mt trn. Cng ti y, cc c quan ca Tng hnh dinh: B Tng
Tham mu, Tng cc Chnh tr, Tng cc Hu cn, Tng cc K thut pht huy nng lc v kinh
nghim theo chc nng, nhim v, cng vi cc c quan ca ng v Nh nc gip B thng soi
ti cao, gp phn vo thng li chung.
Nhn k nim 30 nm ngy ton thng (30-4-1975-30-4-2005), cun Tng hnh dinh trong ma
Xun ton thng mun ni ln nhn quan chin lc, s sng sut v nhy bn, tinh thn quyt on
ca B thng soi ti cao, c bit trong nhng thi c ln, cng nh tinh thn lm vic ton tm,
ton , mu tr, sng to ca cc c quan Tng hnh dinh.
Mong rng nhng trang hi c ny s lm r thm vai tr chin lc c ngha quyt nh thng
li ca B thng soi ti cao trong ma Xun lch s.
TC GI
V Nguyn Gip
TNG HNH DINH TRONG MA XUN TON THNG
Chng 1
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
khng qun ch t ngt gim xung, c bit khng c tp B52 no. Tt c cc i raa ca mng
cnh gii m my trc ban u khng c nhiu tch cc. y l nhng du hiu khng bnh thng,
ch mt ngy sau khi b i Phng khng - Khng qun c lnh bc vo trng thi sn sng
chin u cao.
Chiu ngy 18-12-1972, chic chuyn c BH-195 (3) a anh L c Th v nc p xung
sn bay Gia Lm lc 16 gi 45 pht. Cng khong thi gian y, Nchxn gi cng hm nh mt ti
hu th, hn trong 72 gi ta phi tr li bn m phn theo nhng iu kin ca M.
19 gi 10 pht. Trong phng lm vic ca ti ti Tng hnh dinh, ting chung in thoi reo
vang t mt trong bn chic my c ch u tin s 1.
Ting ni ca ng ch trc ban tc chin nghe rt r:
Bo co th trng, B52 ct cnh t Guam.
Utapao, nhiu tp bay dc sng Mkng ln pha bc.? cc lc lng Phng khng - Khng qun
sn sng, vo cp 1 xong.
My pht sau, ci bo ng r tng hi.
19 gi 45 pht. C ting bom n pha xa xa. B T lnh Phng khng - Khng qun bo co:
My bay ch ang nh ph sn bay Ho Lc. Tip theo , nhiu tp B52 vo nh cc sn bay
Ni Bi, Gia Lm. Ting m kh v nng ca ng c my bay B52 mi lc mt r dn. Nhng
vng la lo ln, chp git lin hi. Theo sau l nhng trng ting n long tri. Rng la Thng
Long ni nhau bay vt ln khng trung, an nhng vt sng mu da cam gia mn m H Ni.
C quan Tng hnh dinh lm vic hi h.
Ti yu cu B Tng tham m c 5 pht bo co mt ln.
Cc 2 bo co: Nchxn ra lnh bt u chin dch Lainbchc II, dng my bay chin lc
B52 t cc cn c M Thi Lan, Guam, Philppin tin cng H Ni, trong khi cc my bay cng
kch F111 tin cng cc sn bay gn . Chin dch ny c Nchxn, Ktxinhgi v tng Hy
(Haig) bn bc, quyt nh ti phng bu dc Nh Trng ngy 14-12. thc hin k hoch ny,
B ch huy S on khng qun chin lc lm thi s 57 c thnh lp. 50 my bay KC-135
tip du cho B52 c iu thm sang Philppin. Trn vnh Bc B, nm tu sn bay ang hot ng,
cc Tc chin khn trng nm tnh hnh, lin tip chuyn lnh cho B T lnh Phng khng Khng qun.
20 gi 20 pht. Chung in thoi hi. u dy bn kia l ng ch Nguyn Quang Bch,
Ph T lnh Phng khng - Khng qun:
- Bo co i tng, hi 20 gi 16 pht, Tiu on 59, Trung on tn la 261 b i phng
khng H Ni bn ri ti ch mt chic B52.
Ti hi:
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
- C ng B52 khng?
- Bo co, ng l B52.
Mt, lt sau, ng ch Nguyn Quang Bch bo co c th: y l chic B52G ct cnh t Guam.
N ri xung x Ph L, huyn ng Anh, ngoi thnh H Ni.
Tin chin thng x toang bu khng kh cng thng.
Tng hnh dinh no nc trong mm vui c thy "con ngoo p" B52 khng cn l "bt kh
xm phm" trc nhng con "rng la Thng Long".
Ti bc ra ngoi S ch huy. Tri rt m v ma bi. Nhng lng ti m p l thng.
Trong m 18 rng ngy 19-12, ch s dng B52 cng khng qun chin thut lin tip ht t
ny n t khc nh ph ng Anh. Yn Vin. M Tr, Gia Lm, Ho Mc. Th chm trong
khi la.
4 gi 39 pht sng ngy 19-12, Tiu on 77, Trung on tn la 267 bn ri chic B52 th hai.
My bay ri ti ch trn cnh ng x Tn Hng, huyn Thanh Oai, tnh H Ty.
Mt s trng hp lch s: H Ni li ni la dit th ng vo ngy Th vng ln khng
chin, ngy 19-12-1946, hai mi su nm sau.
Nh li thng 9-1971, B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng nhn nh: Nm 1972, hoc l
ch s rt nu t c gii php; nu cha, ch c th tp trung khng qun nh ph. Ta cn c
bin php phng. Ngay ngy hm sau, nhn danh B th Qun u Trung ng, ti ch th cho cc
ng b trong ton qun: "B52 khng ch nh min Nam. n mc no , cng c th nh
vo Th H Ni. Qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun phi nghin cu k i tng ny". B
i cao x, raa, tn la v khng qun c lnh trin khai hun luyn chin u theo cc phng
n c kt lun. Mt s trn a tn la, trn a c ng cho pho cao x v sn bay d chin
c b mt xy dng. Dn qun, t v H Ni v mt s thnh ph c b sung ho lc bn my
bay. Cng tc bo m quan st, thng tin c tng cng.
Ngy 25-11-1972, trong Ch th: Tng cng sn sng chin u, Qun u Trung ng cng nhc
li: "Sp ti, ch c th nm bom bn ph tr li cc mc tiu ngoi v tuyn 20 vi mc c lit
hn trc. Chng c th liu lnh dng my bay B52 nh ph cc trng im H Ni, Hi Phng".
Ngy 27-11, B Tng t lnh nhn nh c nhiu kh nng ch dng B52 nh vo H Ni v ra
lnh cho cc lc lng v trang tng cng chun b chin u. Trong bc in gi Trung ng Cc
min Nam v B T lnh B2(4), Qun u Trung ng cng thng bo d kin kh nng ny. Mc
d vy, do qun trit quyt tm cha tt, suy ngh lc ny vn nng v kh nng ch dng B52 nh
ph t Thanh Ho tr vo n Qung Tr, nn u thng 12 c lnh iu mt Trung on tn la
vo Khu IV, tip li iu thm hng trm qu n tn la ca phng khng H Ni vo theo.
***
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Sng 19-12, khi khi la cn cha tan ht, B Chnh tr hp ti Tng hnh dinh nghe B Tng
Tham mu bo co din bin trn nh B52 trong m u tin, khen ngi chin cng ca cc lc
lng phng khng v ch th kin quyt p tan hnh ng qun s in cung, phiu lu mi ca
quc M.
Bui chiu, ti Cu lc b quc t H Ni, trc ng o phng vin bo ch trong nc v
nc ngoi, ngi pht ngn ca B Quc phng cng b nhng hnh ng ti c ca ch m 1812 v kt qu tiu dit B52 ca qun v dn ta. Su t binh M va b bt ci u th nhn ni kinh
hong ca chng trc li la dy c ca lc lng phng khng H Ni.
m 19-12, qun ta chin u hiu sut thp, mc d ch cho xut kch 87 ln chic B52, ch
km m hm trc ba ln chic. Nguyn nhn do cha thc hin ng hng dn ca qun chng,
li lo thiu n nn ch bn tng qu mt.
Th on ca ch l cho B52 tp kch vo ban m v bay cao 11km nhm trnh ho lc
ca cc loi pho cao x. Ngy cng nh m, ch tp trung my bay tim kch v cng kch cng
vi cc bin php gy nhiu tch cc v tiu cc ch p, nh ph cc sn bay v trn a tn la, hy
vng s loi tr hon ton s uy hip ca hai lc lng ch yu c th nh c B52 l tn la
phng khng v my bay tim kch ca ta.
Anh Vn Tin Dng xung hp vi B T lnh qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun, ch th
phi pht huy sc mnh ca cc binh chng, tch cc to iu kn cho khng qun ta nh B52, pht
huy hiu sut chin u ca b i pho phng khng nh ch tm thp. Anh cn ch o c
th cc mt bo m chin u nh lin tc, di ngy.
Di s ch o ca B T lnh qun chng, cc tiu on tn la kp thi rt kinh nghim, tm
ra cch nh c hiu qu nht theo s trng, s on tng n v.
Kt qu m 20 rng ngy 21-12-1972, b i tn la lp cng xut sc, phng 35 qu n
bn ri by B52, c nm chic ri ti ch. Cc lc lng phng khng ba th qun ca H Ni. Hi
Phng, Bc Thi cng hip ng cht ch, bn ri by my bay chin thut v mt my bay khng
ngi li.
n tin cng trong m th ba ca chin dch Lainbchc II b tht bi nng n. Tinh thn
ca phi cng B52 suy sp nghim trng. Ngy 21-12, ti ch th cho qun chng Phng khng Khng qun: Thng li ca chng ta l rt ln, cn c gng pht huy chin thng hn na. ch s
tp trung nh cc trn a tn la. Phi tm mi cch bo v tn la tip tc tiu dit B52. Ch
bo m n tn la nh c lin tc C gng pht huy tc dng ca khng qun nhm B52 m
nh. Ti cng trc tip gi in xung cc s on biu dng: b i phng khng H Ni va
qua nh tt. Ti ni: "C nc ang hng v H Ni. Ton th gii ang hng v H Ni. Tng
gi tng pht. B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng theo di cuc chin u ca H Ni. Vn mnh
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
B52 ca ch.
mt tiu on tn la khc, khi ti n thm, anh em bo co l ang phi sa cha v kh, kh
ti. V sau, mi r vo thi im ti n, n v c lnh chun b chin u. V mun bo v ti,
anh em ni di. Bit vy, nhng khng n ph bnh. Vic ny gi nh li mt ngy trc , i
thm mt trn a phng khng th gp my bay ch ti khi xe ang chy trn sng y. Ch kp
cho xe dng li, ti v cc ng ch cng i nm p xung mt ng cnh thn . ch phng my
qu tn la Srai vo mt trn a tn la gn y ri bay thng. Chng ti li tip tc ln ng.
S vic ch c th thi m my ngy hm sau, vi hng thng tn phng Ty a tin ti b t
thng v bom B52. My nh bo Php n s qun ta Paris xin tiu s ca ti. Cc ng ch Ba
Lan v mt s s qun ta nc ngoi, na tin, na ng, in v hi xem h thc.
Sau ny, ti cn c bit mt s ng ch ta b ch giam cm, khi nghe tin y b mt t chc
truy iu ti trong nh t. i Ting ni Vit Nam phi cho thu thanh ngay trong hm ch huy ca
Tng hnh dinh bi din vn ca ti nhn ngy thnh lp Qun i nhn dn Vit Nam (22-12) v
pht ln gin tip ci chnh.
***
K st nhn v i lt con chin.
Nchxn ra lnh ngng tp kch B52 vo ngy Cha ging sinh, "lp l nh ln con en", thc
cht l x hi, rt kinh nghim sau nhng trn n au.
Cng lc ny, nu cao chnh sch nhn o, c quan ch vn cho php cc phi cng M ang b
giam trong cc "Khch sn Hintn" (5) c mng ngy Cha ging sinh. Cc "phi cng trong b
qun o ng"(6) c hng dn lm bch bo, lin hoan ca ht, n ng gi tuyt bn nhng cy
thng Nen rc r sc mu, cu nguyn cho ho bnh v hi hng. Bui pht thanh ting Anh ca
i Ting ni Vit Nam dnh cho binh s M, quen thuc vi lnh M qua ging ni ca "H Ni
Hana"(7), pht i ting ni ca Glen Xcten, i u hoa tiu my bay B52G va b bt m hm
trc, nhn tin cho v: "Anh vn cn sng, c i x nhn o. Nhn dn Vit Nam khng phi l
k th ca chng ta. Mong cuc chin tranh cht tit ny chng kt thc. Hn em v con".
Cuc nm bom ri thm li tip tc c lit ngay sau l Ging sinh. Tham vng ngng cung ca
nhng k quen li vo sc mnh a chng lao su vo con ng tht bi y ti c.
m 26-12, ch huy ng hng trm ln chic B52 nh ph d man cc khu dn c ni thnh
H Ni.
c lc cn hm ch huy kin c ca Tng hnh dinh rung chuyn nh ng t. Hi 22 gi 47
pht, B52 nm bom ri thm xung khu ph Khm Thin, mt ni c mt dn s ng nht Th
, gy tn tht rt ln v ngi v ca. Cng vi Khm Thin, B52 cng ri bom xung hn 100
im dn c trong thnh ph, hn 1.000 ngi b thng vong.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Tranh th tng gi tng pht, cc chin s ta khn trng thay th, sa cha v kh, kh ti, b
sung n dc, sn sng tip chin. Dy dn qua my ngy m chin u, ngi dn H Ni thng
ra ngoi hm tr n xem my bay M chy trong nhng "m hi pho hoa".
22 gi 30 pht m 26-12, Tiu on 76 Trung on tn la 257 anh hng, bng 13 qu n, phi
hp cng vi trn a phng khng bin hai my bay B52 thnh hai khi la khng l sng rc c
mt gc tri pha nam thnh ph. Mt trong hai chic ri ngay vo ca hng n Tng Mai thuc
qun Hai B Trng, ni thnh H Ni. ng gia sn Tng hnh dinh, ti v cng xc ng nhn tn
mt cnh tng ho hng y. Tr vo, ti gi in cho S Ch huy b i phng khng H Ni.
Nghe ting tr li quen thuc ca ng ch Ph T lnh, ti hi:
- Trn Nhn y ? Kho khng?
- Bo co i tng, ti rt kho. Xin chc sc kho i tng.
Ti ni:
- m nay nh nh th l tt y. B Chnh tr, Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh nhit
ht biu dng cc ng ch! Cn ch rt kinh nghim v gi gn tt lc lng tn la nh lu
di. Cn vn n th sao?
ng ch Trn Nhn bo co va nhn c mt s n tn la t Khu IV chuyn ra, khng cn
lo phi "bn m c". Ti cm thy nh ngi.
Trong m 26 rng ngy 27-12, qun v dn H Ni si sc cm th, bn li 18 my bay ch,
trong c tm B52. y l m M b mt nhiu B52 nht.
***
H Ni anh dng, au thng.
Chia x ni au ca ng bo. Bc Tn v ti n ngay khu ph Khm Thin, bnh vin Bch
Mai, n cn thm hi b con. Anh Trng Chinh, anh Phm Vn ng n thm bnh vin Bch
Mai, khu ph Gia Lm. Gia ng gch ngi hoang tn, ng bo xc ng n nhn s sn sc ca
ng v Nh nc. Mi ngi u ha quyt tm bin au thng thnh hnh ng, bt qun th
phi n n mu.
Di bom n M, nhn dn Vit Nam vn ngng cao u t ting bom ri, bo ch, i pht
thanh khng ngng truyn tin chin thng. X lun bo Nhn dn vit:
"T quc ku gi chng ta! Loi ngi ku gi chng ta! Bn tuyn dng cng trng ca Quc
hi thc gic chng ta tha thng xng ln. Chia la vi min Nam thn yu, chia la vi Khu IV
kin cng, Th H Ni, thnh ph Hi Phng v cc tnh chung quanh Th quyt tm hip
ng chin u cht ch vi tin tuyn ln trong bn i hp xng chin thng oai hng" (8)
"Si Gn i! H Ni vit tip nhng trang sch ln vo cun sch m ng bo, ng ch Si
Gn vit, nhng trang sch ln v con ngi Vit Nam chng ta cao qu".(9)
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
mi t chc hip ng chin u tt. C t chc chin u tt, ch huy tt, pht huy tinh thn ch
ng tin cng, mu tr, sng to, nh thng ch ban m, nh thng mi th on gy nhiu v
chng c tn la Srai, ca chng, ta cng ginh thng li ln.
Gii thch cho b i r tht bi ca ch l ht sc nng n, ti ni:
- Trong Chin tranh th gii th hai, vi k thut phng khng hi by gi, khng qun thng
b tn tht 1% nhng ni hot ng tng i mnh. Trong chin tranh ph hoi Vit Nam,
Ginxn th nhn tn tht ca M ni chung l 1%, ring vi H Ni, Hi Phng l 2%.
Cn by gi bao nhiu?
n hm nay, 28-12, M mt 31 my bay B52. Chng c 200 chic, mt 31 chic l tn tht
15%. Nu tnh ring H Ni, Hi Phng, mi ln chng vo 20, 30 chic b h bn hoc nm chic
th t l rt cao! Khng qun chin lc m tn tht t l 10% n 15% l rt cao. Tht bi ht sc
nng n l nh vy !
My hm nay, chnh M phi th nhn tn tht l 8%. Tt nhin chng khng dm ni ht s
tht.
Sau khi chc tiu on ginh thng li ln hn na, ti hi:
- T l sp ti l bao nhiu?
C ting tr li:
- 100% .
Ti ni vui:
- Nn nh rng mt qu tn la h mt my bay, mt chin s c cng c th ph mt lc 15
my bay. Nu cc ng ch nh tt hn na, th cng c kh nng y.
Sau ti vo thm S ch huy Qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun t trong hang ni
Trm.
Trong khng kh phn khi, ng ch Trn Hanh bo co thnh tch ca khng qun ta va h
c mt B52 m trc. Nghe xong, ti ni:
- Chc mng chin cng ca khng qun. Nhng chc cc ng ch khng tho mn y ch?
- Bo co cha , cn phi phn u h nhiu B52 hn na !
- Nht nh phi nh vy!
Ti cn c bo co v mng trinh st ca binh chng raa va ti u va rt Vit Nam. y l
mt mng li raa dy c, mnh m, c ch huy cht ch, vi cc i raa c b tr bt ng,
him hc, kt hp gia hin i v th s, gia raa tm xa v h thng cc vng quan st bng mt
bao quanh H Ni, kim sot cht ch c bn tng khng: cao, trung, thp v tht thp, c "nh v
mt, nh tt sn, nh tp hu" theo ch th ca Tng Tham mu ph Vng Th V trong bui
kim tra S ch huy Phng khng - Khng qun thng 6-1972. Chnh nh th m trong m u tin
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
(15) Nguyn Tin Hng v Jrold L. Schecter: T To Bch c n dinh c Lp, Nh xut bn.
Tr, thnh ph H Ch Minh, 1990, tr. 213.
V Nguyn Gip
TNG HNH DINH TRONG MA XUN TON THNG
Chng 2
HI NGH LCH S
Nm 1972 l nm nhn dn Vit Nam trn c hai min ginh thng li to ln, ton din, c ngha
chin lc quan trng c v qun s, chnh tr, ngoi giao, sn xut v bo v sn xut.
Tri qua mt nm chin u anh dng, kin cng, qun v dn ta trn tin tuyn ln loi khi
vng chin u gn na triu qun ch, trong c tm s on, 35 trung on, l on v chin
on b tiu dit v nh thit hi nng. Ta ph hu v thu mt khi lng ln v kh v phng
tin chin tranh ca ch, bn ri v ph hu hng nghn my bay, bn chm hng trm tu, thuyn
chin u.
Qun ta p tan ba tuyn phng th kin c nht m M - ngu tp trung xy dng trong
nhiu nm Qung Tr, bc Ty Nguyn, ng Nam B, nhng hng chin lc sng cn ca
chng min Nam. Ln u tin, nhiu s on, trung on qun ngu, xng sng ca chin
lc."Vit Nam ho" b tiu dit v tan r, mc d c khng qun v hi qun M phi hp tc
chin. C s ca chin lc "Vit Nam ho" l k hoch "bnh nh nng thn" ca ch cng b tht
bi nghim trng. Lin tc tin cng v ni dy, qun v dn min Nam ging nhng n quyt lit
vo ch km kp ca ch, gii phng nhiu qun l, chi khu, qut tng mng n bt v p chin
lc.
Trong cuc tin cng chin lc nm 1972, tuy n tin cng chnh tr cc thnh th din ra
khng mnh, hng triu qun chng ginh c quyn lm ch. Vng gii phng c m rng,
ni lin cn c a ba nc ng Dng thnh mt di lin hon, to ra th chin lc rt li hi cho
c trc mt v lu di. Chnh quyn cch mng c xy dng v cng c, lc lng v trang pht
trin v ng chn vng chc. Kh th u tranh Si Gn v cc thnh th min Nam cng c bc
phc hi mi.
Vic vn chuyn chin lc chi vin chin trng min Nam c y mnh. Mc d thi tit
khc nghit ch dng khng qun nh ph c ht, vic vn chuyn vn tip din ngy m vi khi
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
Chnh trong m 27-1, ci m "bn l" y, qun ngu trng trn dng ton b pho mt t trn
hm i bn vo trn a ca qun ta Ca Vit (Quang Tr). Li dng ho lc pho binh, chng
cho hn 200 xe tng, xe bc thp v l on thu qun lc chin s 147 t M Thu, Gia ng nh
chim cng. Ch trong mt m, chng chim mt vng t m trong my thng trc chng
khng sao chim li ni. Trn thc t, cng Ca Vit ri vo tay ch.
Mt Ca Vit, ng H, Dc Miu, Qun Ngang b uy hip trc tip. Tuyn ng vn chuyn
chin lc Trng Sn b e do. Thnh qu ca chin dch Qung Tr nm 1972 b nh hng
nghim trng.
Anh L Trng Tn, lc ny l T lnh chin dch, gi in cho ng ch Cng, ch huy hng
Ca Vit:
- ng ch c bit cng Ca Vit b mt khng?
- Bo co anh, chng n ln chim mt mt t. Chng ti cho ngi gp tn l trng phn
i v vic ny.
Anh Tn ra lnh ging gay gt:
- Chng n dng c mt l xe tng v mt l lnh thu nh b nh chim cng Ca Vit khng
phi nghe anh phn i u. Ti h lnh cho anh phi lp tc chim li cng. R cha?
- R !
- R ri th chp hnh ngay. Ti sao anh ch lo mnh vi phm m khng thy pha ch thc s
xo b Hip nh ri?
Anh Tn bo co ra xin kin B Tng t lnh in thoi hu tuyn. Ti ng v dn:
- Anh Tn i! Cc anh cho nh chim li ngay. C gng a cho c nhng a con kho
mnh nht ca o Huy V sang nh? Phi ly li bng c.
- R! Nht nh phi nh vy! Ti s a ton b gia nh Huy V qua lin hoan vi o Dng
v Cng. Xin bo m cuc lin hoan s rt vui. Anh c yn tm!(1)
Sau anh Tn ra lnh cho L on xe tng 203 v pho binh hip ng tc chin, ng thi
lnh cho cc s on tuyn chn 9 i sng chng tng iu khin bng hu tuyn, v phn cng cc
anh Cao Vn Khnh, Don Tu, Ph T lnh trc tip ch huy.
M sng hm sau, 28-1-1973, vin l do cn thay qun nh ch lm ngy hm trc, ta a
i hnh p st cc cm xe ch, ri bt ng n sng. Tn l trng b cht ngay t pht u tin.
Trn nh kt thc vo gn tra. ch hong ht tho chy, b li hn 100 xe v nhiu xc cht.
Tin chin thng bo v.
Ti cm in thoi biu dng chin cng ca qun ta v tinh thn kin quyt, cnh gic ca B
T lnh chin dch Qung Tr.
***
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
T u nm 1973, tnh hnh min Nam kh si ng. M - ngu ra sc ph hoi Hip nh Paris,
y mnh bnh nh ln chim, tip tc thc hin chin lc "Vit Nam ho chin tranh". Li dng
iu khon ngng bn, ch m cc cuc hnh qun "trn ngp lnh th", coi ln t, ginh dn l
"keo cui cng". Chng ro rit thc hin k hoch "bnh nh c bit" chim li cc cn c "lm"
ca ta, nng ra vng gip ranh, uy hip hnh lang vn chuyn, y ch lc ca ta ra xa, ng thi
thc hin cuc "cch mng hnh chnh" cng c b my km kp p, x, y mnh chin tranh tm
l, xuyn tc Hip nh Paris, t chc cc chin dch "Phng hong" ro rit hot ng tnh bo,
gin ip, bit kch, ph hoi c s ca ta min Nam.
Trong giao ban hng ngy B Tng Tham mu, tin tc dn dp bo v: ch ra sc cn qut,
ln chim vng gii phng, trng im l cc khu vc then cht vng ngoi nh ty Tr - Thin, ty
nam Qung , Qung Ngi, bc Bnh nh, ty Kon Tum, khu tip gip vng gii phng v khu
trung tuyn bc v ty bc Si Gn, nam bc ng s 4 M Tho, Vnh Long, Chng Thin, vng
bin gii thuc Kin Tng, Chu c. Chng s dng 2/3 lc lng ch lc kt hp vi qun bo
an t chc nhng cuc hnh qun quy m mt - hai trung on ln chim cc cn c "lm", v quy
m cp s on tr ln nh vo Ca Vit (Qung Tr), Sa Hunh (Qung Ngi), bc Kon Tum, Ty
Ninh, Tn Chu, Hng Ng, Cai Ly, Chng Thin. Mt phi pho so vi trc tuy c gim
nhng vn cn c lit.
ch t chc nhng cuc hnh qun gm dn, di dn, nh ph c tnh cht hu dit, i trng
nhiu ni, tin hnh di dn, xo trn gia cc a bn ph c s ca ta. Vi cc th on tn bo,
xo quyt, ch ln chim c phn ln vng gip ranh v cn c "lm" Khu 5, mt s vng su
Khu 8, ci thin c th phng ng vng ngoi Tr - Thin, Qung , Qung Tn, ty Kon Tum
v cc tnh dc bin gii Vit Nam - Campuchia, ginh thm t, thm dn, gy cho ta nhiu kh
khn. Ring min Ty Nam B, do ta kp thi ging tr nn ch khng ln chim c m cn b
nhiu tn tht. Ca Vit, ta kp thi nh qun ln chim, ch b tht bi v thng vong nng.
Trong bi cnh lch s lc ny, khng phi ai cng d dng nhn r m mu thm c ca M ngu.
Sau nhng nm di chin tranh c lit, gian kh, mun c ho bnh l nguyn vng chnh ng.
Th nhng "cy mun lng, gi chng ng ". C kin cho rng trng tm s mt lc ny l gi
vng ho bnh, thc hin ho hp dn tc, to th n nh trong khong 5-10 nm. Nhiu a phng
do s h, mt cnh gic, mt t, mt dn. C ni ch trng phn tuyn, phn vng vi ch,
mt th "da bo". C ni rt cc s on ch lc v gi cc cn c, giao cho b i a phng
chng ch ln chim. C xu hng gin n cho l la chin tranh ch "riu riu", hoc "tt la
chin trng", cng c mt k hoch s dng 3,5 t la m pha M ha bi thng chin
tranh lm vn tch lu ban u. Ngay Tng hnh dinh cng c kin khng mun nh tr, e vi
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
mt nhim v t xut nhng rt quan trng, gp phn tch cc cng c vng gii phng, cng on
559 vn chuyn hng vn tn vt cht, k thut gm lng thc, qun o thuc men, v kh, pho c
ln, pho cao x, tng, thit gip vo chin trng, bo m cho vic xy dng, hun luyn, nng cao
sc chin u ca lc lng v trang v mt phn cho nhn dn.
***
Chin thng ca trn "in Bin Ph trn khng" cng vi tm nm chng chin tranh ph hoi
bng khng qun v hi qun ca M nh du bc trng thnh vt bc ca qun v dn ta ni
chung v qun chng Phng khng - Khng qun ni ring. Ti dnh nhiu thi gian cng vi cc
ng ch lnh o, chl huy qun chng tng kt nhng kinh nghim qu bu thu c trong nhng
nm qua, sn sng i ph vi m mu, th on mi ca ch.
Ti Sn, ti nghe B T lnh Phng khng - Khng qun bo co v xy dng v chin u
ca tng binh chng: tn la, cao x, raa v khng qun. Cc bo co c chun b cng phu, c
h thng, c tham kho nhiu ngun tin tnh bo v t liu ca cc nc Anh, c, Nht. Mt bi
nghin cu v chin tranh khng qun ng Dng ca Trng i hc Cornell (M) kt lun:
"Thng li ca ngi Vit Nam l mt v d v song v s ton thng ca tr tu con ngi i vi
my mc". Nhiu vn t t chc lc lng, tc chin, o to cn b, trang b k thut c t
ra, lm sng t thm ni dung cc ch trng m Qun u ang tho lun.
***
u thng 3-1973, Qun u Trung ng hp. Cc anh Vn Tin Dng, Song Ho, L Quang
o, inh c Thin, Trn Qu Hai u c mt.
Khai mc hi ngh ti pht biu gi , nu cc vn cn trao i, tho lun, nht l nh gi cho
ng tnh hnh min Nam c v qun s, chnh tr, kinh t, ngoi giao c ch trng ton din, kp
thi chn ng m mu, th on ca ch ang ln t, ginh dn, nh ph c s cch mng.
Sau khi nghe anh L Trng Tn bo co tnh hnh, vi tinh thn trch nhim cao, cc anh trong
Qun u pht biu rt si ni. Nghim tc t ph bnh v ph bnh, mi ngi ni r nhng suy ngh,
kim im u im, khuyt im trong nhn thc, t tng v s ch o cng tc trong phm vi
chc trch ca mnh, ph bnh s lnh o, ch o ca Qun u v B Tng t lnh.
Kt thc cuc hp, Qun u quyt ngh: trong khi ch dng bin php qun s nh ta, ta cn
kt hp cht ch u tranh qun s vi u tranh chnh tr, vi php l ca Hip nh Paris, tng
bc chuyn sang tin cng ch yu bng chnh tr c lc lng v trang lm hu thun, nhm thc
hin ngng bn, lp li ho bnh trn th c li cho ta.
***
Tnh hnh chin s min Nam din bin phc tp, c nhiu im cn c xem xt ti ch. Ti
tranh th vo lm vic trc tip vi cc chin trng B5 (Qung Tr), B4 (Tr - Thin), B T lnh
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Thc tin ni tuyn la cng cho thy r m mu, th on ca ch ph hoi Hip nh Paris,
t ra nhiu vn phi khn trng gii quyt. Lm vic vi cc anh L Trng Tn, Song Ho, Cao
Vn Khnh, V Xun Chim, ng S Nguyn, Hong Th Thin, m Quang Trung, Nguyn Vn
Thanh, Phan Vn ng(2), vi Thng v Tnh u Qung Bnh, chng ti bn c th k hoch
cng c th b tr lc lng ca qun ta, cch nh qun ngu ln chim, cc bin php tng cng
lc lng cho B4, B5, vic lm ng c ng cho cc phng tin c gii, m ng ng
Trng Sn, y mnh vn chuyn chin lc, k c bng ng hng khng, vic xy dng cn c
a, hu cn, chuyn thng binh t chin trng ra. Chuyn i th st ng Trng Sn li
trong ti nhiu n tng su sc v tinh thn anh dng chin u, chu ng gian kh, khc phc kh
khn ca cn b, chin s on 559, gi m kh nng to ln ca con ng chin lc mang tn Bc
c trong xy dng t nc sau ny.
Ni chuyn vi cn b, chin s on 559, ti cn dn:
- Mun t c nh cao ca ton thng, chng ta cn phi dng cm hn dng cm, mu tr
sng to hn mu tr sng to. Con ng Trng Sn ri y khng dng li nh mc hin nay
m phi m rng xe c th i li hai chiu khng gim tc , i c c nhng thng u ma
ma l.
***
Hip nh Paris c hiu lc c 60 ngy. Sng 27-3-1973, B Chnh tr hp m rng. Sau
khi nghe anh L Quang o bo co tnh hnh, anh Nguyn Duy Trinh nu kin cn tranh th to
th mnh cho ta, c i sch c th vi M, buc M phi chm dt dnh lu, buc ngu phi chm
dt chin s. Anh cng phn nh d lun th gii ca ngi thng li ca ta.
Tip , ng ch B th th nht L Dun ra ni dung tho lun, gm vic phn cng gia B
Chnh tr v Trung ng Cc min Nam trong vic ch o cc phi on ca ta cc hi ngh bn
bn v hai bn, xem xt i sch ca ta vi M, tng kt 60 ngy thi hnh Hip nh v ra tuyn b
ca Chnh ph. Cc anh Trng Chinh, Phm Vn ng, L c Th, pht biu nh gi tnh hnh,
ngh phng hng chnh sch i vi M, cch lm vic v phn cng c th gia B Chnh tr
v Trung ng Cc.
Kt lun hi ngh, anh Ba ng Trung ng Cc trc tip ch o cc Ban lin hip qun s,
Qun u Trung ng ch o cc vn qun s. Anh khng nh: M thc s rt qun, nhng
cha chm dt du lu, ngu cn ngoan c ph hoi Hip nh. Ta cn tranh th xy dng lc lng
mi mt min Nam, min Bc, quy trch nhim ca M, buc i phng phi thi hnh Hip nh
Paris.
Ngy hm sau, 28-3, trin khai thc hin Ngh quyt ca B Chnh tr, Qun u Trung ng tho
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
lun ch trng tc chin. Cuc hp i n kt lun: Tuy qun M rt, nhng lc lng qun s
M vn c mt trong khu vc: ng bc Thi Lan, Guam, Phippin v trn Hm i 7. M li ang
chi vin t cho qun ngu mnh ln, hng y li cch mng, thc hin min Nam tr thnh mt
nc ph thuc M, ch c mt qun i, mt chnh quyn. i tng tc chin lc ny l qun
ngu. Phng chm tc chin min Nam l kt hp nh chnh quy v nh du kch, tc chin vi
binh vn, chin u vi xy dng lc lng, tiu dit ch gn vi ginh dn, xy dng c s. Hi
ngh cng nu ra nhim v qun s ca min Bc, kt hp kinh t vi quc phng, tng cng chi
vin min Nam, v cc vn qun s Lo v Campuchia.
Ngay sau cuc hp, Qun u Trung ng in cho cc chin trng. Trong bc in, ti gii
thch r tin cng qun s bng phn cng ca ta l ch ng tin cng, ch ng phn cng, khng
phng ng n thun.
Khng nhng phn cng a bn ch tin cng ta, m Cn hip ng vi cc lc lng chnh
tr, qun s, binh vn phn cng cc a bn khc, ni ta c ch lc mnh.
Khng nhng phn cng bng b binh, bng ho lc, m ht sc ch dng b i c cng tinh
nhu nh vo c quan ch huy, kho tng, sn bay, cn c, bn sn v sau lng ch, nh vo
nhng ni chng s h.
***
Ngy 29-3-1973, B ch huy qun s M Si Gn lm l cun c. Trn t nc thn yu,
qun xm lc nc ngoi v c bn b qut sch.
Sau Hip nh Paris, vic lin lc gia hai min c thm iu kin mi kh thun li. Lng
thng tin tng ln, nhanh hn, hn, phong ph hn, qua cc ngun cung cp t chin trng, t
Ban Lin hip qun s, t bo ch cng khai. i li cng d dng hn, k c bng my bay n tn
sn bay Tn Sn Nht.
Tin tc bo v Tng hnh dinh c chn lc, phn tch k cng. Cn b t min Nam ra hp,
gp nhiu tnh hnh v kin xc ng.
B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng rt quan tm n tnh hnh ch ph hoi Hip nh Paris.
Vi trch nhim v chc trch ca mnh, ti dnh nhiu thi gian suy ngh, tranh th trao i thm
vi nhiu ng ch.
Vi cc anh t min Nam ra, ti thng mi n nh dng cm thn mt. Nhng bui gp g
trao i nh vy tht b ch. Ti trao i kin vi ng ch B th th nht. Qua nhiu ln trao i,
anh Ba hon ton nht tr vi ch trng kin quyt tn cng, phn cng nh tr ch. Trong cc
bc in gi Trung ng Cc min Nam, Khu u V: Khu u Tr - Thin v ng u Ty Nguyn, t
tng cch mng tin cng c truyn i, bc u to nn nhng bin chuyn chin trng.
Ti cng dnh trn mt ngy nghe anh T Hu ni chuyn v tnh hnh min Nam sau chuyn i
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
"nc non ngn dm". Va l nh chnh tr, va l nh th, anh thut li nhng iu tai nghe mt
thy trn cc no ng Trng Sn "ng nng ty ma", ni ln kht vng ca ng bo v chin
s min Nam:
Dang tay mt vi xa g
Si Gn i li phi i bao ngy.
Ti thm ngh vi tinh thn cch mng tin cng ca ng ta, ng ti Si Gn nht nh s
c co ngn li.
c bit b ch l nhng bui lm vic trong thng 4-1973 vi cc anh lnh o, ch huy cc
chin trng min Nam c B Chnh tr Trung ng ng triu tp ra Bc hp. n cn b
B2(3) do anh Mi Cc(4), ph B th Trung ng Cc dn u, gm cc anh Hong Vn Thi, T
lnh B2, V Vn Kit, B th Khu u Khu IX, Trn Nam Trung, ph trch cc tnh min ng Nam
B, Nguyn Minh ng, B th Khu u Khu 8.
on Khu 5, Ty Nguyn c cc anh V Ch Cng, Chu Huy Mn. Ngay sau khi ra ti H Ni,
ngy 19-4, ti nh ngh H Ty, on s b bo co vi B Chnh tr v tnh hnh cch mng
min Nam t nm 1972, c bit sau ngy k Hip nh Paris.
Ngy 3-5-1973, Thng v Qun u Trung ng lm vic vi cc ng ch Qun u Min:
Hong Vn Thi, Trn Vn Tr, Trn Lng, Nguyn Minh ng, V Vn Kit. Ngi nh qut vi
mu hng s 28 ph Ca ng hm y si ng khc thng. Thi Php, ni y l t dinh ca vin
tng thc dn, tng ch huy qun i Php min Bc ng Dng, nay l nh khch B Quc
phng.
Cc anh Vn Tin Dng, Song Ho, L Quang o, Trn Qu Hai cng ti n tip cc anh ht
sc nng nhit. Tnh cm ng ch, ng i, tnh cm hu phng n bn chin u t tin tuyn
tr v tht m , thn thit.
Chng ti vui mng thy cc anh kho mnh. Chng ti hi thm sc kho cc anh ang li
lnh o, ch huy chin u min Nam.
Sau nhng pht tm tnh, i b phn thi gian dnh cho vic trao i tnh hnh Nam B.
Thay mt on, anh Hong Vn Thi bo co v nhng thng li to ln c ngha chin lc
trn chin trng B2. Bn bo co c cc anh trong on bn bc thng nht. V nguyn nhn
thng li, anh Thi khng nh mt trong nhng yu t to nn thng li l Trung ng, Qun u
Trung ng h quyt tm sm, xc nh phng hng tc chin ng, nht l ch o phng
chm, phng thc nh ph "bnh nh" ca ch.
Tuy nhin, do tng quan lc lng gia ch v ta, nhng thng li cn hn ch. ch cn c
nhng mt mnh nht nh. Ta cng cn c nhng khuyt im, nhc im cha khc phc c
ngay! "K hoch thi c" (5) ca ta tuy bc u thu thng li, nhng cha vng chc, ch cng
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
Trn c s nhn nh "tnh hnh min Nam cn tri qua mt thi gian khng n nh, c th
tng i di, thc s cha c ngng bn, hnh ng chin tranh cn tip din, cha c ho bnh
thc s nhng khng phi l chin tranh ton din, min Nam cn trong tnh trng va c ho
bnh, va c chin tranh", Hi ngh B Chnh tr ch trng: "Trong khi ch dng hnh ng qun
s nh ta, ta vn cn phi ch ng tin cng ch, kt hp u tranh qun s vi u tranh chnh tr
v php l Tin cng qun s bng phn cng ca ta l ch ng, ch c qua m tng, bc nh
bi mi hnh ng vi phm ca ch".
Ngh quyt Hi ngh B Chnh tr m rng thng 5-1973 to bc chuyn bin mi.
Khng ai cn ngh n ngh ngi, ho hon. Cuc chin u vn cn tip din. K ch cn "bnh
nh" ln chim, ph hoi ho bnh, ta khng th lm ng.
Phi bo v thnh qu cch mng ginh c bng bit bao xng mu. Hn th na, phi
pht huy th mnh, th thng, huy ng sc mnh tng hp ca chin tranh nhn dn Vit Nam trong
iu kin thun li mi, a cch mng min Nam tin ln. Khng th dng l na chng.
Ti bn vi anh Vn Tin Dng cng ch o chun b k hoch chin lc qun s trong giai
on mi.
T thng 4-1973, mt t chc mang tn T trung tm c lp ra gip Qun u Trung ng
v B Tng t lnh trong vic ny, gm cc anh V Lng, Cc trng, V Quang H, L Hu c,
Ph Cc trng Tc chin, do anh L Trng Tn, Ph Tng Tham mu trng trc tip ch o(11).
Ngoi cng vic thng xuyn, mi tun t tp trung hai ngy ti phng lm vic ca anh Tn. Vi
tinh thn khn trng, nghim tc, ngy 5-6-1973, T trung tm hon thnh bn d tho cng
k hoch chin lc mang s 305 TG1.
***
T tng chin lc ca ng to khp cc chin trng.
Ngh quyt ca B thng soi ti cao bin thnh hnh ng cch mng. Sau na nm u
tranh gay go quyt lit, cc cuc hnh qun ln chim, "bnh nh" ca ch bc u b chn li.
Qun ta hot ng mnh.
Thng vong ca qun ngu vt khi con s 100.000. Mt s v kh M va vo, lt vo
tay Qun gii phng.
ch va n cp va la lng.
V thng tin bo ch B Ngoi giao ta cng b cun sch trng ngy 7-5-1973 t co M v
chnh quyn Si Gn vi phm c h thng Hip nh v chm dt chin tranh, lp li ho bnh Vit
Nam, vch r M v chnh quyn Si Gn phi hon ton chu trch nhim i vi tnh hnh nghim
trng ny.
Hip nh Paris b e do.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
n thi im c quan lnh o cao nht ca ng l Ban Chp hnh Trung ng phi quyt
nh nhng vn ng li chin lc c bn.
Tnh hnh, sng t thm nhiu.
B Chnh tr triu tp Hi ngh Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng ln th 21 vo thng 6-1973,
nhm khng nh ng li cch mng Vit Nam trong giai on cui cng ca chin tranh. Qun u
Trung ng c giao chun b ni dung ca hi ngh.
Nhn lnh trch nhim trc B Chnh tr, tp th Qun u Trung ng dnh nhiu tm lc suy
ngh, nghin cu, xut, trao i kin. Mt s cn, b c quan B Tng Tham mu, Tng cc
Chnh tr, Tng cc Hu cn cng c huy ng, trong iu kin tuyt i b mt. Ti tp trung suy
ngh v cc vn chin lc trong giai on cui ca chin tranh. Trc tip gip ti l cc ng ch
Tng Tham mu ph L Trng Tn v Cao Vn Khnh, hai ng ch tng ch huy nh ln, hai
ng i gn b lu nm trong nhiu chin dch, hai ngi bn chin u trung thc, chn thnh.
Vic u tin ti ngh ti l mi cc ng ch trong on cn b B2 n trao i, lm vic.
Cuc hp c t chc ngy 11-6-1973 ti "Nh con rng", ni lm vic ca Qun u Trung
ng, trn nn c ca in Knh Thin thi L, nguyn l hnh cung ca cc vua nh Nguyn khi ra
kinh l Bc H vi chn bc thm cao v bn con rng to khc tinh vi cn nguyn vn.
Cc ng ch c trch nhim trong B Quc phng - Tng T lnh n d ng . Mi ngi
tho lun hng say, qun c ci nng u ma.
Vi thc tin chin u v b dy kinh nghim chin trng, cc anh B2 d on sp ti, trng
im bnh nh ca ch s l ng bng sng Cu Long. Nhim v hng u B2 l kin quyt
nh bi cc cuc hnh qun ln chim ca ch, gi vng vng gii phng, vng tranh chp v cc
cn c "lm" trong vng su, m rng din tranh chp, ginh li dn, m thm din lm ch, tng
bc m thm din gii phng nhng ni c iu kin.
Mun vy, phi xy dng lc lng mnh, tng lc lng a phng ln gp i, bo m qun
s chin u ca b i ch lc, tng kh nng c ng v sc t ph ca b i trong chin u
tin cng. Mc tiu ra l t ph h thng phng ng ca ch c trung on, tiu dit chin on
hoc s on ch trong tc chin vn ng.
Ti chm ch lng nghe tt c cc kin. Trong u le ln nhng g cn suy ngh xut
vi Trung ng. Cng vi B Tng Tham mu v Tng cc Hu cn, ti gii quyt cc yu cu ca
chin trng B2, trc mt b sung ngay 17.000 qun chin u. y l mt c gng rt ln ca hu
phng min Bc, ca cc ng b, chnh quyn v c quan t chc ng vn cc cp v ti bit rt
r, t nm 1964 n nm 1973, hu phng ln chi vin ht mnh. Ch ring cc tnh thuc Qun
khu T ngn sng Hng, chi vin cho cc chin trng min Nam 560.000 qun. Tuy vy, trc
thi c ln ang xut hin, vn phi kin quyt chi vin chin trng.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Ti gi nn ph bin rng ri kinh nghim ca Qun khu IX, tch cc lm cng tc t tng
chng ho bnh ch ngha, chng o tng, m h, nng cao tinh thn cnh gic i vi m mu, th
on xo quyt ca k th. Cng phi dn dn huy ng lc lng ti ch b sung cho b i ch
lc v ra sc pht trin dn qun du kch. V cch nh, ngoi tin cng tiu dit c im, chi khu,
qun l, nn ch trng dng c cng nh vo cc s ch huy, sn bay, bn cng, cc cn c hu
cn.
***
Sau cuc hp, ti tranh th nghe bo co ca cc cc thuc B Tng Tham mu, T trung tm,
cc ng ch B Ngoi giao, cc ng ch trong Ban lin hp qun s bn bn ra Bc hp.
Cc ngun tin cho bit: Qua cuc ving thm Si Gn ca Ph Tng thng M cniu cui thng
1-1973, M c xoa du Thiu cho cn ht hong. iu ng ch l M khng h cng khai hoc
p m ha hn g vi Thiu, ngoi hai k hoch "Tng cng" v "Tng cng cng" v kh,
phng tin chin tranh vo min Nam. Sau cuc ving thm M thng 3-1973, Thiu cng khng
hy vng c g thm ngoi mt li ha sung ti Xan Klaimn: "Ngi c th trng cy vo chng
ti".
Lc ny, v Oatght r ln. Nchxn vo th b ng, lng tng. Nc M mun qun i
cuc chin tranh Vit Nam, mun qun lun c ngu quyn Nguyn Vn Thiu. c nhng rn nt
gia Ktxinhgi v Thiu, gia Nchxn v Thiu, gia Quc hi M v ch Si Gn. Thiu lo
lng thc s v kh nng s b M b ri.
Tm trng ngi dn Si Gn cng kh phc tp.
Ngu qun, ngu quyn v gia nh h lo lng, hoang mang khi cc s quan v chin s "Vit
cng" xut hin trn ng ph. C ngi phng on "Vit cng" s n tip qun Si Gn mt khi
ngi M ra i!
Qun M rt ht. Ph x khng cn cnh no lon nh trc. Sn bay Tn Sn Nht bt m
o, khng cn my phi v ca my bay qun s M. Gii bun bn nui tic thi lm n "ht bc"
hi qun M cn y.
V lnh ngu khng cn i lm cho M, nh giy hoc bn thuc l rong quanh cc tri lnh
M. Go lc tnh khng v Si Gn nhiu nh trc. Hng nhp khu b ct gim. Nn tht nghip
lan trn. ng tin ph gi rt nhanh. Gi c tng vt. Nn tham nhng khng tr mt cp no.
Trong qun i, l nn "lnh ma", "lnh king". Bt c ai c chc, c quyn u tranh th v vt
"chp git" tnh chuyn mai sau.
tn ti, ngu quyn ra sc bt lnh, n qun.
Tnh hnh y cng lm cho ngi dn hoang mang, lo lng. Cng y qun i ln chim, gii to
cc ng giao thng, s thng vong ca qun ngu li cng cao.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V chng ph "bnh nh", kinh nghim ca ng bng sng Cu Long, nht l kinh nghim ca
Khu IX, chng t qun v dn ta hon ton c kh nng lm tht bi m mu chin lc ny ca
ch. Ti yu cu B Tng tham mu tch cc nghin cu vn ny, c bit ch phng chm,
phng thc nh ch, bm t bm dn, phi hp cc lc lng ch ng kin quyt nh tr ch.
Qun u Trung ng v B Tng Tham mu nghe anh L c Anh t chin trng ra bo co
tnh hnh Khu IX v Khu 8. Lp trng kin quyt cnh gic ca ng u v B T lnh Khu IX
mang li thng li ngay t u. Kinh qua u tranh, cng linh hot, sng to, thng li cng ln. Cc
anh Vn Tin Dng, L Trng Tn trc tip ch o Cc Tc chin v Cc Dn qun phi hp chun
b mt hi ngh chuyn s triu tp vo cui nm.
***
S chun b cng phu ca Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh tin hnh khn trng, b
mt sut hai thng tri. Mt bn bo co c hon thnh. y l ni dung kin trung tm trong
Hi ngh Trung ng ln th 21 khai mc vo cui thng 6-1973.
Hi ngh hp t u trong mt tun l.
Cc ng ch u vin Trung ng v d kh ng . Bo co ca Qun u Trung ng phn
tch k tnh hnh ch, ta min Nam, tnh hnh chin trng su thng sau khi c Hip nh Paris,
bi cnh quc t phc tp hi by gi, m mu, th on ca chnh quyn Nchxn v ngu quyn
Nguyn Vn Thiu, nh gi so snh lc lng trn chin trng v trong c nc, ch mnh, ch
yu ca ch, ca ta, kh nng ca M - ngu, v nhng tnh hung chin lc c th xv ra. Bn bo
co cng xut vi Ban Chp hnh Trung ng nhng kin ngh v phng hng, ch trng v
k hoch hot ng min Nam trong thi gian ti nhm y mnh u tranh vng tm b chim
v vng tranh chp, xy dng lc lng, cng c vng gii phng.
Sau khi nghe bo co, ng ch B th th nht L Dun pht biu kin, nu r quyt nh ca
B Chnh tr triu tp Hi ngh Trung ng ang ln ny nhm nh gi tnh hnh t sau Hip nh
Paris, nh gi so snh lc lng, ch mnh ch yu ca ta v ch, lm c s xc nh phng
chm, phng thc u tranh, a cch mng n thng li mi. Vi nhn quan chin lc sc so
anh Ba im li tnh hnh cuc u tranh ca ng bo v chin s min Nam t khi c Ngh quyt
Hi ngh Trung ng ln th 15 (1959) n lc ny, khng nh thng li ca ta c ngha rt to ln.
Ging ni min Trung ca anh tht nhit tnh, si ni. Anh nu r: Sau Hip nh Paris, tuy M
vn cn dnh lu, ch cn c nhng ch mnh, nhng nhng ch mnh nm trong th tht bi, th
i xung. Trc m mu ca M - ngu cng khai, trng trn ph hoi Hip nh, tip tc chin
tranh th cch mng min Nam nht nh phi tin ln bng con ng bo lc.
Chin lc ca ta l chin lc tin cng. Vn qun s phi t ln hng u. u tranh chnh
tr lc ny phi kt hp vi u tranh qun s, binh vn v php l ginh dn, ginh quyn lm
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
tng khi ngha kt hp vi tng cng kch, ly a bn ch yu l thnh th gii phng min
Nam, ngy 16-7-1973, bn d tho ln th hai vi u " cng nghin cu k hoch tng cng
kch, tng khi ngha min Nam" c trnh ln.
Tuy c th hn, nhng cng ln ny vn cn nhiu im ln phi tip tc nghin cu trao
i. T trung tm li phi tip tc lm vic v mt thng sau, ngy 15-8-1973, hon tt bn d
tho ln th ba nu ln nhng c im ca cuc tng khi ngha sp din ra, d kin tnh hung dn
n tng khi ngha v thi c tng khi ngha, ra cc bin php pht huy sc mnh tng hp
chnh tr - qun s ca ta tin hnh tng khi ngha, tng cng kch, ly pht ng qun chng
tng khi ngha lm khu ch yu nht, trng im s 1 l Si Gn.
Thi c n gn. Nhng ginh thng li bng cch no, l iu khng n gin.
Ti ch th T trung tm su tm, bo co kinh nghim kt thc cuc chin tranh gi nc v i
ca nhn dn Lin X, cuc chin tranh gii phng ca nhn dn Trung Quc, v giai on cui
cng ca mt s cuc chin tranh khc. Ti Qun khu b Qun khu III, ti trc tip nghe anh Hong
Minh Tho bo co v kinh nghim Lin X. Do quy m chin tranh hin i, nn t sau cuc phn
cng Stalingrt v trn quyt chin vng cung Cucxc, qun i X vit cng qun i cc
nc ng Minh m nhng chin dch rng ln, nhanh chng kt thc chin tranh. Ti cng nghe
ng ch Hong Minh Phng bo co v cch nh ca qun i Trung Quc trong giai on cui
cng. y, Qun giai phng t nh thnh ph, thin v vy thnh dit vin, nh cc khu vc
xung quanh. Tuy vy, cng nh Lin X, Trung Quc vn phi nh nhng trn tiu dit chin ln
v nh vo thnh ph. Lin h vi tnh hnh min Nam nc ta, ti thy khng th t tng khi
ngha ln u, m tt yu phi c nhng trn tin cng ln, tiu dit mt b phn quan trng sinh lc
ca ch, to iu kin nh vo thnh ph, vo so huyt ch yu ca ch kt hp cht ch vi ni
dy ca qun chng kt thc chin tranh, ginh ton thng. Nhiu ln, ti trao i vn ny vi
ng ch B th th nht.
Cui cng, anh Ba ng phi pht huy, phi hp c ba qu m mnh l nng thn, thnh th
v ch lc, thc hin tng cng kch, tng khi ngha ginh thng li.
Ti yu cu T trung tm tip tc nghin cu hon chnh cng k hoch chin lc theo
phng hng Mt ln na, nhng b c tham mu dn dy kinh nghim li phi lm vic khng
k ngy m.
***
Ngy 12-9-1973, nhn dn ta nng nhit n ng ch Phien Caxtr, Th tng Chnh ph
Cng ho Cuba sang thm Vit Nam. B Tng tham mu t chc a Phien vo thm Qung Bnh,
Vnh Linh v vng gii phng Qung Tr.
Ti hai ln n tuyn la ny u nm 1973 trong hai chuyn i th st vng Ca Vit, Khe
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Sanh, Bn ng, n Lm Bm, sng T L, qua dc Phulanhch, i d Hi ngh tng kt chin dch
ng s 9-Nam Lo v t k hoch cng c vng gii phng. Cnh tn ph do bom n M gy
ra, cnh x xc, hoang tn ca Cn Tin, Dc Miu, Qun Ngang, i 241 khin Phien ht sc
xc ng v cm phc. Ni y bit bao cn b, chin s v nhn dn ng xung trong cc t tin
cng v phn cng chin lc nm 1971-1972, lm nn nhng chin cng bt t dit M, dit ngu,
to th, to lc a khng chin cu nc n thng li.
Lc ny, bng ti ca qun xm lc b y li.
Di nh sng ca cch mng, mm mng ca cuc sng mi bt u ny n. Tr s Chnh ph
Cch mng lm thi Cng ho min Nam Vit Nam t gn ng H, cnh ng s 9 vi nhng
ngi nh g lp ghp, mi tn, trn vn, nhng khng km v khang trang.
L c na , na xanh vi nm cnh sao vng bay hin ngang trc gi.
Tnh hnh cha n nh. Vi tc phong khn trng, b mt nh khi xung trn Mncaa nm xa,
v nguyn th quc gia u tin n thm vng gii phng min Nam vi khu sng ngn bn mnh.
Thot n thot hin, Phien say sa thm ht ni ny n ni khc, vt ln mi nghi thc ngoi
giao; c khi mt m i ch ti my ln, ch chp mt vi mi pht trn nhng chic ging di
qu c.
Khi n thm th trn ng H, con ngi cch mng tiu biu ca chu M Latinh ni ln
suy ngh ca mnh: "Tp on c im ny b nh trong mt thi gian c my ngy. Lm c nh
vy trong hon cnh phi chu ng nhng cuc nm bom v s khng ch trn khng ca lc lng
khng qun M, tht l mt chin cng kh c th tng tng c".
Thc tin chin trng chinh phc bao tri tim bu bn. Ch ngha anh hng cch mng v ngh
thut qun s Vit Nam nht nh s bin ngh quyt ca ng thnh thng li huy hong.
***
Sau Hi ngh Trung ng, bit bao vn c t ra. Qun u Trung ng lm vic lin tc
nhiu ngy bn vic xy dng cc qun on ch lc, cng tc cn b, k hoch nng cao ton din
cht lng ca lc lng v trang p ng kp vi tnh hnh. Thy trc kh nng tc chin quy m
ln trong tng lai gn, Qun u quyt nh c mt on cn b qun s sang hc mt lp b tc v
tc chin binh chng hp thnh ti Hc vin Vrsilp Mtxcva. Trng on l thiu tng
Nguyn Hu An, ph on l i t L Hu c.
Ti tranh th gp anh Nguyn Cn, anh Mi trao i v kt hp kinh t vi quc phng,
huy ng lc lng, tuyn qun, v qun i tham gia xy dng kinh t min Bc v vng gii
phng min Nam. Hi ng Chnh ph ph chun k hoch ca B Quc phng xy dng thm v
m rng ng Trng Sn, bao gm vic cng c tuyn Ty Trng Sn v xy dng mi tuyn
ng Trng Sn. Lc lng cng binh on 559 v c ngnh giao thng vn ti ca min Bc
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
tiu dit s on qun ngu, phng n tin cng tiu dit tiu on ch trong cng s kt hp vi
l on ch chi vin ng bng, khn trng t chc hun luyn ngay cc binh on chin lc,
cc binh chng k thut theo phng n tc chin mi. Ti cng yu cu Tng cc Chnh tr, Tng
cc Hu cn, Tng cc K thut nhanh chng xy dng, hon chnh k hoch cng tc chun b v
cng tc bo m cc mt, p ng kp thi yu cu ca chin tranh.
Nh mt lung gi mi, Ngh quyt Trung ng ln th 21 n vi cc chin trng. ng bo,
chin s c nc si ni hng ng. Lnh o v qun chng chung mt ch tin cng. L lun
cch mng v thc tin cch mng c li thnh nh sng soi ng, bin thnh hnh ng cch
mng si ni, khn trng khp t tin tuyn n hu phng, thnh sc mnh v ch.
Trn chin trng min Nam, qun v dn ta chng tr ch quyt lit, chn ng c phn ln
cc cuc "bnh nh" ln chim ca chng. Tr - Thin, ta khi phc li th ng trc ngy k
Hip nh Paris. Khu 5, ta ginh li cc vng ch ln chim. Ty Nguyn, ta m thm c
nhiu khu vc Trung Ngha (Kon Tum) v Ch Ngh (Pleiku). min ng Nam B, ta nh
mnh, gii phng thm vng Kin c - B Bng, gii phng hnh lang ni lin Nam B vi Ty
Nguyn. Khu 8, ta lm ch mt s vng nam, bc ng s 4. Khu IX ngay t u ta kp
thi tin cng v phn cng, nn khng nhng gi vng c hnh thi ch - ta trc ngy 27-11973, m cn gii phng thm nhiu a bn quan trng.
Hu phng ln dc sc ngi, sc ca ra tin tuyn, qun s cc n v Qun gii phng c
b sung.
Nhiu binh chng k thut ti chin trng. ng vn chuyn chin lc Trng Sn c
m rng, ni di. Hng chc vn tn v kh, n dc, xng du ti tp vo chin trng. Sc mnh
ca chin tranh nhn dn min Nam tng gp bi. Thi gian ang ng h chng ta.
***
Trn mi chng ng ca cuc u tranh, ti thao lc ca ng ta lun lun l nhn t quyt
nh thng li. Nh nh gi ng tnh hnh, d kin ng thi c, ch ng v kin quyt hnh
ng, ng huy ng sc mnh tng hp ca ton dn to nn th v lc mi, ginh thng li
tng bc, tin ln ginh thng li hon ton.
Trong khng chin chng M, cu nc, nu nh Ngh quyt 15 (kho II) nm 1959 vch ra
ng li cho cch mng min Nam, Ngh quyt 12 (kho III) nm 1966 nu ln phng hng
c bn thc hin nhim v lch s: "nh cho M ct", th Ngh quyt 21 (kho III) nm 1973
ch ra con ng i ti hon thnh nhim v lch s tip theo: "nh cho ngu nho", nh Bc H
sm ch ra mt cch ht sc thn tnh t ma xun 1969.
Mt chng ng lch s m ra. nh ho quang chin thng lp lnh chn tri. Tng lai
huy hong ca dn tc ang pha trc.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Ch thch:
(1) Mt ng quy c dng trong in thoi hu tuyn. ni phi s dng b i tng, thit gip
hi do ng ch o huy V lm T lnh, "lin hoan" l phi hp tin cng. "Nhng a con
kho mnh nht" l xe tng T54 m qun ngu rt s. o Dng l Ch huy trng lc lng phng
th Ca Vit.
(2) Lc ny, anh Tn l T lnh chin dch Qung Tr, anh Song Ho l Chnh u, anh Khnh l
Ph T lnh. Anh ng S Nguyn l T lnh, anh Hong Th Thin l Chnh u on 559. Anh V
Xun Chim l Ph Ch nhim Tng cc Hu cn. Anh Quang Trung v Phan Vn ng l T
lnh v Ph Chnh u Qun khu IV. Anh Thanh (tc Thanh Qung) l Ph Chnh u mt trn Tr Thin.
(3) Nam B v cc Nam Trung B.
(4) ng ch Nguyn Vn Linh.
(5) Cui nm 1972 sang u nm 1973. B Tng t lnh ch o cc chin trng min Nam
nh mnh: tiu dit, bc hng bc rt hng trm n bt, m thm nhiu mng, nhiu vng, ginh
quyn lm ch trn nhiu a bn quan trng. K hoch c gi l "K hoch thi c".
(6) ng ch Hong Vn Thi.
(7) ng ch V Ch Cng.
(8) ng ch Chu Huy Mn.
(9) ng ch V Vn Kit.
(10) ng ch Nguyn Minh ng.
(11) T u nm 1974, c anh Hong Vn Thi, Ph Tng Tham mu trng th nht trc tip
ch o.
(12) L Dun: Th vo Nam. Nh xut bn S tht. H Ni. 1985, tr. 333-334.
V Nguyn Gip
TNG HNH DINH TRONG MA XUN TON THNG
Chng 3
K HOCH C BN V K HOCH THI C
V Nguyn Gip
Gn n Tt Gip Dn (1974), tnh hnh min Nam si ng. Ngh quyt Trung ng thm dn
n c s.
Ti lm vic vi cc ng ch L Ngc Hin, Ph Tng Tham mu trng, V Lng, V Quang
H, Cc trng v Ph Cc trng Cc Tc chin. Lc ny, anh L Trng Tn c c vo Khu 5
gip qun khu trin khai thc hin Ngh quyt 21 v mt qun s. Tnh hnh chin s min Nam t
Tr - Thin, Khu 5, Ty Nguyn n ng bng sng Cu Long ang chuyn bin c li cho ta.
Chng ti trao i v phng hng tc chin hai nm 1974, 1975 vi tc pht trin ngy cng
nhanh ca chin trng, chun b tng cho Khu 8 v Khu IX thm mt vn qun v 3.000 tn v kh,
hun luyn nng cao cht lng chin u ca b i v nng lc ch huy ca cn b cc cp, tch
cc vn chuyn chin lc cho min Nam, d kin k hoch thi c
Ngy 30-1-1974, B Chnh tr hp m rng bn k hoch nm bt thi c y mnh cch mng
min Nam.
Tham d hi ngh cn c cc ng ch trong Qun y Trung ng, cc ng ch lnh o B2,
ng ch V Ch Cng v ng ch Hong Minh Tho.
Thay mt Qun u, ti bo co tnh hnh qun s, chnh tr, nh gi s chuyn bin ngy cng
c li trn cc chin trng, ngh ch trng phi hp u tranh ton din v phng hng tc
chin cho n nm 1975. Tip anh Nm Cng trnh by c th tnh hnh Khu 5, nu nhng vn
cn gii quyt nh chng ch ng bt, ln di, nh r v nh tiu dit, pht ng qun chng,
ng bo Cng gio, Pht gio cng lc lng th ba u tranh lm suy yu b my km kp ca
ch. Anh Trn bo co tnh hnh chin trng Nam B, s chuyn bin r nhng cn chm t
thng 8-1973 n lc ny, nhn xt c kh nng M phi chu thua. Anh Phm Vn ng nu kin
cn tm ra nhng "points critiques"(1) to chuyn bin nhanh hn. Anh Hong Vn Thi cho rng
tnh hnh chin trng ang c bc i ln, cch nh qun ngu cn to bt ng, dit n bt, qun
l, chi khu, kt hp qun s, chnh tr, binh vn chng ph bnh nh.
Cc anh trong B Chnh tr pht biu, thng nht kin v nh gi tnh hnh, ra nhiu bin
php y mnh u tranh qun s, chnh tr, ngoi giao.
Kt lun hi ngh, anh Ba nu r th cn bng trong tnh hnh th gii, khi khng ai c th gi v
tr b quyn th M mun quay tr li min Nam cng khng phi d. Nhng M c vo li hay
khng, ch yu l do s n lc ca ta. Nu ta nh mnh, ph c "quilibre" (th cn bng) th M
kh lng vo c.
Vn by gi l phi y mnh u tranh ton din, lm cho c ngh thut hn, to thi c, v
khi c thi c th phi nm c ngay ginh thng li.
***
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Sau nhng ngy lm vic cng thng, tp trung cao sc khe ca ti gim st nhanh chng.
Nhiu ln bc s khuyn nn ngh ngi dng sc, nhng cng vic khng cho php.
Mt bui sng, trn ng cng tc, bng nhin bng au d di. Cn au t ngt lm cho u
c chong vng, hi th gp. Trong khonh khc, ti b ngt xu.
Khi tnh li thy mnh nm trong my bay ln thng cp cu v H Ni.
Cc gio s, bc s Vin Qun y 108 lm vic ht sc khn trng, nhng cha chn on c
cn bnh.
Ngi ti mt l, bng au qun qui tng cn.
Thy bnh tnh nguy kch, B Chnh tr Trung ng ng quyt nh a ti sang Lin X iu
tr bng mt chuyn chuyn c. i cng ti phng tai bin c go s, Vin trng Nguyn Th
Khnh, cc bc s Trn Vn Hin, Phm Vn Ng.
ng ch, bn hu ra tin rt ng.
Trc khi ln my bay, ti xc ng cm n anh L c Th, anh L Thanh Ngh, thay mt B
Chnh tr, cng cc anh Vn phng Trung ng ang, Vn phng Qun u. B Quc phng v b
con, bu bn. tng l kh c ngy v
Ti Lin X, Trung ng ng bn ht sc quan tm.
Cc gio s, bc s Bnh vin Trung ng Mtxcva dnh cho ti s chm sc ht lng. Tuy vy,
nhng cn au ko n ngy mt mau hn, d di hn. mt ln, khi tim thuc chn on
bnh, tim ngng p trong my giy. Hi chn tip theo hi chn. Vn cha bit c nguyn nhn.
Nh mi tm gng tn tu v ngi bnh ca cc gio s, tin s Xmaghin, Krapivin, n bc s
Irina, nhng ngi thy thuc y tinh thn trch nhim, cui cng tm ra cn bnh qui c. l
bnh si mt, nhng dng si mm, rt kh pht hin. Ti mc bnh ny nhiu nm m khng
h hay bit
Lc ny ti mt vim rt to. Cn phi m ngay. chm s v, nguy him n tnh mng. Ca
m vo loi i phu thut. T l t vong khong 50%. Bc s m cho ti vo "th chnh" l gio s
Maic, 71 tui, Anh hng lao ng, chuyn vin cao cp B Y t, thy thuc chuyn khoa v mt
gii nht ca Lin X.
Ngh mnh kh lng qua khi, ti vit my iu li. Ngoi vic ring, ti dn d v cng
tc cn b, v nhng ch trng, bin php thc y cch mng min Nam tin nhanh n cao tro.
May mn thay, mi vic u tt p. Ca m rt thnh cng. Ti phi nm bt ng trn ging
bnh mi mt ngy, st mt hn chc kilgam. Qua mt ci Tt bnh vin xa qu hng, lng nng
nh la t.
Hiu r tm trng y, ngay khi ra vin, Trung ng ng Cng sn Lin X b tr mt my bay
a ti t Mtxcva v thng H Ni.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Mc d cn rt yu, mt, ch my ngy sau khi v nc, ti vo ngay Vn phng B Quc phng
thm anh em v nm tip tnh hnh. Mi ngi ht sc vui mng thy ti tai qua nn khi. ng
ch Bi nh K xc ng c mt bi th sng tc bng c tm lng:
i mng vui, ta li n xun sang
Trong cnh sc, trong lng ngi mong i
Hng ho, ti vui, n ci tr li
Gn thm sn v nha sng thm cng
Trn ng di li ct bc bng bng.
***
Thng 4-1974. Nguy him qua.
Trong thi gian c cc gio s, bc s kim tra theo di ti khoa A11, Vin Qun y 108, ti
dnh thi gian nghe bo co, thng qua ngh quyt v cng tc qun s a phng v ngh quyt v
chng ph "bnh nh" min Nam ca Qun u Trung ng.
Lc ny M - ngu ro rit y mnh k hoch "bnh nh nng thn". y l ci "nt" ca hc
thuyt Nchxn, mt hc thuyt m c trng ni bt l coi trng vic xy dng lc lng phn ng
bn x thnh cng c thc hin chin lc ton cu ca M. Hn 28 vn cuc hnh qun "bnh nh"
ca ngu trong mt nm qua chng t chng cho y l "c hi thch hp sng st". Bng h
thng n bt, cc lc lng bo an, dn v, phng v dn s, cc t chc t, ip, cnh st, cc t
chc chnh tr phn ng, chng ra sc ginh dn, nh vo vng ng dn, nhm mc ch nm
dn, khng ch dn, xy dng c s vt cht - x hi cho ngu quyn, hng lm cho cc cuc ni
dy ca ng bo ta mt c s qun chng. ch ang thc hin"phng chm" ca mu s
Ktxinhgi: Tt hn ht l chng ta hy kim sot ly 100% ca 60% lnh th nc ny (ch min
Nam Vit Nam), hn l kim sot 60% ca 100% lnh th. Nguyn Vn Thiu cng khai tuyn b.
Hin nay "bnh nh" l bin php chin lc hng u, l keo sng mi cui cng. Sng l y v
cht cng l y.
Trong nm 1973, ngu quyn Si Gn th i xung, gp rt nhiu kh khn. Mc d vy,
chng c nhng n lc ln v t c kt qu nht nh.
S cc "lm gii phng" ca ta gm 400 p b ch ln chim. Chng cn ng thm c 700
n bt. Tuy b thng vong nng, qun ngu vn khng tan r, tri li, qun s c tng ln. Ring
qun a phng tng gp ba ln. Chng vn km kp, khng ch c qun chng. ng bng
Khu 5, ch cng c c mt s vng do chng kim sot v ln thm mt s vng khc.
Tuy nhin, nhn chung ton chin trng min Nam, trc sc phn cng v tin cng ca qun
v dn ta, cc hot ng ca ch dn dn chng li v lm vo th chng b ng. Chng khng
xo c th "da bo" min Nam.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
***
Thng 3-1974, trong thi gian ti cn dng bnh ti Lin X, Qun u Trung ng m mt
hi ngh quan trng bn thc hin Ngh quyt Trung ng ng ln th 21 v mt qun s.
Hi ngh do cc ng ch Ph Tng Tham mu trng Hong Vn Thi (2) v L Trng Tn
chun b. ng ch L c Anh, T lnh Qun khu IX va mi ra H Ni trong thng 2-1974 bo
co tnh hnh vi B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng, cng tham gia cng vic ny.
Sau khi nghe anh L Trng Tn trnh by bn n qun s, hi ngh nh gi tng qut tnh
hnh min Nam t khi c Hip nh Paris, ra phng hng, bin php to th mi, lc mi cho
cc hot ng qun s ma kh 1974-1975. C th l y nhanh cng tc chun b chin lc c
th tc chin vo cui ma kh 1973-1974 v c trong ma ma 1974; hon thnh t mt v bt
u t hai k hoch vn chuyn chi vin chin trng; y mnh vic xy dng lc lng v trang
a phng; hon chnh mng ng chin lc, chin dch; pht trin ng ng dn du su xung
pha nam; xy dng c s hu cn ti ch dc ng 559 v trong cc vng gii phng; hon thnh
k hoch tuyn qun nm 1974 v t mt nm 1975; cng c b i ch lc, nht l khi ch lc c
ng chin lc min Bc.
Anh Vn Tin Dng i vng, khng d hp. Khi v anh tn thnh ni dung hi ngh v gp thm
mt s kin quan trng. Sau khi c B Chnh tr thng qua, anh thay mt Qun u Trung
ng k ngh quyt ny.
y l mt bn ngh quyt ng n, kp thi. V tng quan lc lng gia ta v ch, Qun u
Trung ng nhn nh: Nhn chung li, so snh lc lng ch, ta qua nm 1973 cng cho thy r th
v lc cch mng min Nam to nn nhng ch mnh rt c bn, ang trn pht trin, c y
iu kin v kh nng a cch mng tin ln tng bc vng chc, M - ngu ngy cng kh
khn hn v ang trn i xung, xu th pht trin ca tnh hnh ngy cng c li cho ta hn.
Trong vi ba nm ti, nhim v trung tm s mt vn l nh ph k hoch "bnh nh", ln
chim ca ch; tng bc a phong tro u tranh chnh tr thnh th tin ln, chun b iu kin
v thi c y ti cao tro cch mng; xy dng v rn luyn b i ch lc, nng dn quy m nh
tiu dit qun ngu; xy dng cn c a min Nam; xy dng min Bc v kinh t v quc phng,
sn sng nh bi mi m mu mi ca ch. Tt c u nhm lm thay i so snh lc lng ton
din c li cho ta, nm vng thi c, sn sng ch ng phi hp ba qu m mnh: ch lc, nng
thn v thnh th, lm chuyn bin cc din mt cch bt ng v nhanh chng, ginh thng li cao
nht.
Yu cu bc thit l ginh dn, ginh quyn lm ch ng bng, gii phng v lm ch vng
chc min ni, tng bc ginh quyn lm ch thnh th, pht trin th v lc ca cch mng
min Nam. Qun u Trung ng nhn mnh yu cu phi nm vng t tng chin lc tin cng,
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
kin quyt, ch ng tin cng v phn cng ch ng bng, min ni cng nh vng sau lng
ch.
V phng thc hot ng, cn gi vng v pht trin chin tranh nhn dn a phng, ng
thi y mnh tc chin quy m va v ln ca b i ch lc, va tc chin va xy dng, sn sng
nh tiu dit ln khi c thi c, khn trng thc y phong tro thnh th pht trin, nht l Si
Gn.
Ti rt hoan nghnh bn ngh quyt ny. Trc khi i cha bnh Lin X, ti nhiu ln nhn
mnh cn pht trin mnh m chin tranh nhn dn a phng.
Dn qun du kch l lc lng ti ch chng ph bnh nh c hiu qu nht. V tc chin, ti
cho rng b i a phng cn phn u nh tiu dit n mc tiu on, cn b i ch lc phi
tiu dit cho c l on, s on ch. Quyt khng cho chng xo th "da bo" min Nam.
Ngoi ra cn phi c nhng n ch lc nh mnh vo cc thnh ph v cc c quan u no ca
ch to chuyn bin nhanh chng trn chin trng.
u thng 4-1974, Qun u Trung ng triu tp Hi ngh cn b cp cao, ch yu cc qun
khu pha Bc, qun trit ngh quyt v trin khai thc hin. Qun u cng in ho tc ph bin
ngh quyt cho cc chin trng min Nam. B Tng Tham mu, Tng cc Chnh tr, Tng cc Hu
cn, Tng cc K thut ch o c th nhng ni dung cng tc ln, c bit ch trng y mnh
cng tc t tng, cng tc binh vn, r sot sp xp cn b, khn trng xy dng khi ch lc c
ng chin lc, thnh lp thm nhng qun on mnh c t chc, hun luyn theo phng
hng tc chin hip ng binh chng qui m ln. B Quc phng phi hp cng cc b, cc ngnh
hu quan t chc ng vin, tuyn qun b sung lc lng cho chin trng, tng cng cng tc
phng khng nhn dn min Bc, cng c cc tuyn ng chin lc Trng Sn, xy dng h
thng kho tng, bo m thng tin lin lc v hu cn, k thut.
***
Va lm vic va tranh th ngh ngi, ti dnh thi gian rn luyn thn th. Theo li khuyn ca
anh Tn Tht Tng, ti i b mi bui sng, c ly t ngn n di, t i chm dn dn i theo tc
bnh thng. Sc khe hi phc nhanh. Qu l mt hnh phc ln.
Trong thi gian ti i cha bnh, cng k hoch chin lc c d tho n ln th t.
c bn d tho ln ny, ti cha tht yn tm. nh gi tnh hnh ch, cng vn cho rng ngu
quyn Si Gn "buc phi thi hnh tng phn Hip nh chn bc tin ca ta, cu vn s sp
ca chng ri tip tc ph hoi, vn tip tc chin tranh". V kh nng can thip ca M, vn phn
on kh nng M dng lc qun can thip c t m ch dng khng qun, hi qun min Nam ri
nh lan ra min Bc hoc ng thi trn c hai min. V bin php chin lc, d tho cao quy
lut kt hp qun s v chnh tr, tin cng v ni dy pht trin ln nh cao l tng tin cng, tng
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
khi ngha, ginh thng li khi c thi c. ng ch l d tho ln ny vn nhc li, nu chin
tranh pht trin ln quy m ln th hng chnh tiu dit ch lc ch l Ty Nguyn, th n
min ng Nam B v Tr - Thin.
Cn c bit bao vn ln v ch, v ta, v thi c, v cch nh. Tin cng vo thi im no?
S dng lc lng ra sao? Nu m nhng cuc tin cng tiu dit ln th hng chnh nn u? C
th chn Ty Nguyn, ni him yu, y ch khng mnh, hay chn ng bng Nam B l ni
ng dn nhiu ca? Kt hp qun s v chnh tr, tin cng v ni dy, nhng pht trin ln tng
khi ngha c c khng, v trong nhng tnh hung no?
Ti lng nghe kin ca nhiu ng ch trong Qun u v cc ng ch trong T trung tm. Mt
s kin cho rng nh Ty Nguyn s ng, ch s ra sc i ph Si Gn v ng bng Nam
B, sau ny ta nh s kh khn. V vy, nn chn Nam B lm hng chnh, pha Ty Nguyn ch
nh c Lp m ng vo ng bng Nam B. Ti v mt s anh em khc thin v chn Ty
Nguyn lm hng chnh, ni y ta c nhiu thun li thc hin nh tiu dit ln.
Cuc trao i cha ng ng.
Ti gi cc anh Hong Vn Thi, L Trng Tn cng T trung tm cn phn tch, nh gi cho
k th v lc ca ta, lm c s cho vic h quyt tm. Nn chn mt trong hai hng chin lc Ty
Nguyn v min ng Nam B, nhng ch c th tin cng khi ta c iu kin dt im. Cn nm
vng yu cu nng cao cht lng ca b i mt cch ton din, hun luyn nng cao trnh tc
chin ca b i ch lc nh hip ng binh chng quy m ln. Cn ch ch th ca Qun u
Trung ng: "D thi c chnh tr to ra c thun li bao nhiu, th cng phi nh sp ngu qun
ngu quyn.
n cng kch phi i trc mt bc. Cho nn, bt k trong trng hp no, cng phi nm
trong tay mt lc lng tp trung tng i mnh, v trong s dng, trong xy dng, u phi chm
lo gio dc chnh tr, hun luyn qun s lun lun l mt v kh sc bn ca cch mng. Bt lun
trong tnh hung no, cng phi xy dng lc lng min Nam cho tht mnh".
***
Cui thng 5-1974, B Tng t lnh triu tp hi ngh trao i kinh nghim v chng ph "bnh
nh" ca ch, c hu ht i biu cc chin trng min Nam ra d. Khi thng qua bn bo co ca
B Tng Tham mu, ti khen ngi Cc Tc chin v Cc Dn qun chun b ni dung kh cng
phu, di s ch o ca anh Trn Vn Quang, Ph Tng Tham mu trng. Nhng kinh nghim rt
ra t hi ngh ny l quan im cch mng bo lc, t tng cch mng tin cng, nh gi ng v
kp thi m mu, th on ca ch, l bo m thng xuyn cho cc lc lng v trang lun lun
cnh gic, sn sng chin u, t chc ng v cc t chc qun chng phi c cng c c s, t
m pht trin lc lng chnh tr, lc lng v trang a phng, bit vn dng phng chm,
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
phng thc u tranh thch hp, pht huy sc mnh ca ba mi gip cng, ch ng tin cng v
phn cng ch. Thc tin chin trng c soi sng bng l lun cach mng, bng t tng qun
s Vit Nam, c kt thnh nhng bi hc sinh ng, thit thc, c tc dng ln y mnh cng cuc
chng ph m mu "bnh nh", ln chim ca ch chin trng.
***
Trong kh th tin cng, ng bo v chin s c nc mng k nim ln th 20 chin thng lch
s in Bin Ph (7-5-1954-7-5-1974).
Ti 6-5, ng o cc tng lp nhn dn Th hp mt tinh trng th ti Hi trng Ba nh
H Ni. Cc ng ch lnh o ng v Nh nc ti d ng .
Sau li khai mc ca anh Nguyn Duy Trinh, ti c in vn nu r ngha v i ca chin
thng ng - Xun 1953-1954 m nh cao l chin dch lch s in Bin Ph, phn tch nguyn
nhn thng li v nhng bi hc mang tnh thi i su sc.
Lin h vi tnh hnh min Nam, lc ny l vn thi s nng hi trong mi qu tim, ti nu
cao thng li to ln ca qun v dn ta trong s nghip chng M, cu nc, buc M phi k Hip
nh Paris, rt ht qun M v nc. l thng li ca chin tranh nhn dn Vit Nam, ca s ch
o sc bn, ti gii ca B Chnh tr Trung ng ng, ca tr tu v xng mu ca qun v dn ta
trong c nc.
Hng v min Nam rut tht, ti khng nh: "Trong 20 nm qua, vi nhng c gng cc k to
ln, quc M khng th no ngn ni ngn tro cch mng cun cun dng cao trn di t
ny; vy th trong bi cnh lch s ngy nay, quc M b tht bi phi rt khi nc ta, bn tay
sai ang gp nhng kh khn chng cht, chng khng th no xoay ngc li bnh xe lch s".
Cui cng, ti ku gi ng bo v chin s c nc: "Pht huy truyn thng quyt chin quyt
thng ca in Bin Ph, pht huy tinh thn anh dng qut cng ca cuc khng chin chng M,
cu nc, ton qun v ton dn ta on kt triu ngi nh mt, phn khi, tin tng, hng hi tin
ln! Chng ta quyt u tranh gi vng ho bnh, ra sc xy dng min Bc x hi ch ngha, hon
thnh cch mng dn tc, dn ch nhn dn min Nam, tin ti ho bnh thng nht T quc".
Cuc mt tinh kt thc trong ting nhc hng trng ca ca khc "Chin thng in Bin", nh
ha hn mt ma xun chin thng mi, mt in Bin Ph mi.
***
Ma h nm 1974, anh Vn Tin Dng v ti u khng c khe. Anh Dng m phi i ngh
nc ngoi. Ti vn cn trong k dng bnh thng ra ngh Sn.
Tnh hnh chuyn bin rt nhanh. Khng mt ai c th ngi yn. Ti tranh th lm vic vi ng
ch B th th nht L Dun hi ny cng thng ngh y.
Anh Ba bn vi ti v mt lot vn chin lc.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Chng ti trao i cng tm p n cho nhng cu hi nng bng: Cuc chin tranh min Nam
n giai on no? Thi c ln xut hin cha? c iu kin chn mui cho mt cuc tng
tin cng cha? Nu c, tin cng v ni dy nh th no? Phng hng chin lc ra sao?. Thy
sc khe ca ti dn dn hi phc, mt hm anh Ba bo: "Cng vic rt quan trng, khn trng.
Anh nm ly m lm". T Hi ngh Trung ng ln th 21 n lc ny, gn mt nm tri qua.
Trc sc mnh tng hp ca chin tranh nhn dn, i phng b y li vi tc ngy cng
nhanh trong, th i xung khng th cng, li ni. m mu "bnh nh", ln chim ca chng tht
bi r rt.
H thng, n bt b ph v tng mng. Ci "da bo" khng nhng khng thu hp m cn loang
rng. Qun ngu li dn vo th phng, ng trn cc chin trng.
Vic Quc hi M ct hn ngn sch vin tr qun s cho ng Dng trong su thng cn li
ca nm ti chnh 1974 kt thc vo ngy 30-6 nm y cng lm cho ngu qun, ngu quyn khn
n. Danh mc cc loi nhu cu thit yu b thiu ht tng ln, bao gm n c dc phm v
tin: Cc qun y vin khng thuc dng. Nhiu trng hp bng phi git i dng li. Ci thn
tm gi cm thy hoang mang, nhc nh mt khi quan thy bn kia i dng t ra chn ngn cuc
chin tranh ni ny.
M, v b bi Oatght n lc bng n. Chin dch kch Nchxn ni ln khp ni.
Nc M sng trong mt bu khng kh chnh tr ngt ngt. Nchxn lng tng ng u vi qun
chng v lc lng i lp Quc hi M khng cn bng d no ngh n vic h hi tip sc cho
ch Si Gn.
Ti nu vn ny vi anh Ba, cho y l mt yu t quan trng to nn thi c thun li cho ta.
Cn tranh th ginh thng li quyt nh min Nam trc k bu c M thng 11-1976. Qua trao
i, anh Ba v ti u thy n lc c th kt thc thng li cuc chin tranh gii phng min
Nam trong vi ba nm ti.
***
Tnh hnh chin trng trn chuyn bin nhanh.
B Chnh tr quyt nh hp vo thng 9-1974 nh gi tnh hnh v xc nh quyt tm ginh
thng li cui cng. Cc vn chin lc ch yu, nh tin cng nh tiu dit ln qun ngu,
hng tin cng ch yu thi c chin lc, kh nng can thip hoc quay tr li ca M, chim hu
ht tm tr ti. Mt mt, ti yu cu B Tng Tham mu nghin cu su sc cc vn trn, mt
khc t mnh suy ngh, chun b kin trnh by trong cuc hp B Chnh tr sp ti.
Lc ny, ng bng sng Cu Long c v tr rt quan trng. Tng ngu Dng Vn Minh c ln
ni: "Ai nm c ng bng sng Cu Long l nm c Nam B". y cng l ch mnh ca
ch, ni d tr nhn lc, vt lc ln nht ca min Nam. K hoch "bnh nh" ca ch ang b y
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
7. Nghin cu k hoch kt hp quc phng vi kinh t trong c vic qun i tham gia xy
dng kinh t v chun b phc hi ng st nam Khu IV.
***
My hm sau, ng ch B th th nht cho mi cc anh Hong Vn Thi, L Trng Tn xung
Sn, bo co tnh hnh v trao i kin, chun b cho cuc hp sp ti ca B Chnh tr.
Trc khi ln ng, anh Thi v anh Tn cng n gp ti. L nhng ngi lnh o B Tng
Tham mu, c nhiu kinh nghim v cng tc tham mu v kinh nghim tc chin, cc anh chun
b k tnh hnh mi mt, d kin cc ch trng chin lc qun s v tc chin chin dch. Sau khi
nghe hai anh trnh by cc vn s bo co v cp vi anh Ba, ti ni ht nhng iu nghin
ngm t sau khi c Ngh quyt Hi ngh Trung ng ln th 21, nht l v quan im bo lc cch
mng, v k hoch ginh thng li, v qu trnh tng tin cng v ni dy s din ra khi thi c xut
hin.
Ti 22-7, va t sn v, hai anh n gp ti ngay ti nh ring. Tri oi bc. Mi ngi u
mc o smi ngn tay mu sng. Ti tip cc anh trong vn, di nh trng, trong khng kh gia
nh. Anh Hong Vn Thi vn l ngi bn chin u thn thit t nhng ngy u thnh lp i
Vit Nam tuyn truyn gii phng qun. Anh L Trng Tn l mt cn b nh nhiu, nh gii m
ti rt qu mn qua nhiu chin dch. Ti khng ng c hai anh, tuy t tui hn ti, li ra i vnh
vin, li cho gia nh, bn b v qun i ta bit bao thng tic.
m hm y, cc anh bo co t m vi ti v cuc gp v lm vic vi anh Ba.
Vo cuc hp, anh Ba nu ba vn ln:
- nh gi tnh hnh ch - ta.
- Phng hng chin lc ca ta nm 1975 v vi nm sau min Nam.
- Xy dng v bo v min Bc.
Trn bui sng ngy 20-7, anh Thi v anh Tn bo co tm tt bn d tho k hoch chin lc,
tnh hnh qun s, chnh tr min Nam c ch dn trn bn , nhng cng vic ln v ang tin
hnh, trong c vic chun b nh Thng c Khu 5 v t hai vn chuyn chin lc ca
on 559, vic lm ng chin lc chin dch, xy dng cn c hu cn Tr - Thin, Khu 5 Ty
Nguyn v Nam B, kt qu tuyn qun, xy dng lc lng, hun luyn chin u cho b i v
vic chi vin sc ngi, sc ca cho min Nam. Cc anh cng bo c kt qu trin khai thc hin
Ngh quyt 21 ca Trung ng v Ngh quyt thng 3-1974 ca Qun u Trung ng c B Chnh
tr thng qua.
ng ch B th th nht hi k v tnh hnh Qung Tr, tnh hnh min ng Nam B, tnh hnh
Qun khu IX, Qun khu 5, v sc chin u ca qun ngu sau khi qun M rt. Anh Tn bo co:
Khi hi tn Nguyn Vn Th, i t l trng ngu b bt trong chin dch ng 9-Nam Lo, hn
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
Tnh hnh tip tc chuyn nhanh. Trc p lc khng th cng li t nhiu pha, ngy 9-8-1974,
Nchxn buc phi t chc Tng thng M. Tin ny n vi Thiu nh mt n st nh. Girn
Pho, Ph Tng thng k t ngy cniu t chc ln tm thay cho n khi bu tng thng mi vo
nm 1976. Nc M ng trc bao kh khn. Quc hi M li tip tc ct gim vin tr cho ngu
quyn Si Gn ch cn 701 triu la cho ti kho 1974-1975, khng bng mt na s vin tr trong
ti kha 1972-1973. xoa du, Pho cho Thiu mt liu thuc an thn: "Ti bit rng bc u
tin trong nm ti chnh hin nay c Quc hi ph chun gip cho Vit Nam cng ho, c v
qun s ln kinh t lm cho ngi phi lo lng. Qu trnh lp php ca chng ti th phc tp v
cha hon chnh. Mc d cn c thm mt thi gian thuyt phc Quc hi, ti cam kt ln na
ngi tin tng ti rng cui cng s ng h ca chng ti s y cho c qun vin ln kinh
vin".
Trn chin trng, hot ng ca qun ngu gim i trng thy. R nht l cc hot ng ca
khng qun, pho binh v phng tin c ng. Tuy vn ln ting h ht chin tranh, Nguyn Vn
Thiu phi ku gi binh lnh ngu "nh theo kiu con nh ngho"(!)
B2 (Nam B v Khu 6), ch b y li. Khu 5, chng b chn li. Pht huy thng li, qun
ta ch ng chc thng tuyn phng th Si Gn ca ngu ca ng pha bc (ng 7, Rch Bp,
Bn Ct). Mc d ch thng xuyn ln chim, qun ta vn kin cng gi vng khu gii phng
Lc Ninh bng mi gi, theo yu cu ca Qun u Trung ng. ch tht bi trong k hoch "bnh
nh" cc vng ng dn. Vng ch kim sot ngy cng thu hp. Lc lng ch b co ko khp
ni. Qun ta khng nhng ginh li tt c cc vng gii phng nh trc ngy 28-1-1973, m cn
gii phng thm hng chc x ng bng sng Cu Long. Cn c khng chin c m rng v
cng c kh vng vng.
B2 c nhng n lc rt ln c v tc chin ln chun b chin trng cho ma kh ti. Ni bt
ln lc ny l trn qun ta tiu dit chi khu qun s Thng c Khu 5 t ngy 29-7-1974 n
ngy 7-8-1974, gii phng qun l Thng c v bn x gm 13.000 dn, sau nh bi cc t
phn kch ca s on d thuc lc lng tng d b chin lc ca qun ngu. y l mt trn then
cht trong chin dch ma thu 1974 ca Khu 5. Thng c l v tr n ng ca ng ca cn c lin
hp Nng. Trong trn ny, qun ngu phn ng chm, lc lng c ng phi iu ng chp v
v thiu qun v khng phng tin ch qun. Tinh thn qun ch lc v qun a phng
ngu u sa st. Ln u tin mt s on ch lc ca ta cng qun v dn a phng nh bi mt
s on d b chin lc ca qun ngu.
Cng vi thng li Nng Sn, Tin Phc, Minh Long (Khu 5) Tnh Linh (Khu 6), Nha Bch,
Tng L Chn (ng Nam B), trn Thng c cho php rt ra nhn nh: qun ch lc c ng
ca ta mnh hn qun ch lc c ng ca ngu. Mt hnh thi mi bt u xut hin: ch khng
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
cn kh nng chim li cc v tr mt. Qun ta c kh nng tin cng tiu dit qun ch trong
cng s kin c, tiu dit cm c im, chi khu, qun l, gi c mc tiu, chim t, gii phng
dn ngay vng gip ranh.
i vi cp chin lc, nhn nh y sc thuyt phc ny c lin quan rt ln n vic h quyt
tm chin lc.
Ti Tng hnh dinh, hng ngy theo di cht ch chuyn bin ca chin trng, ti thy tnh hnh
pht trin vi nhp ngy cng tng, c kh nng t bin. Cuc chin u ca nhn dn ta sut 20
nm qua chun b tin cho nhng bc nhy vt s din ra. Tnh hnh chin trng min Nam
v s ri lon trong ni tnh nc M, xt cho cng cng do sc mnh u tranh, tr tu v xng
mu ca ta to ln.
Nhn t ch quan, nht l s lnh o ca ng i vi phong tro cch mng, i vi chin
trng, s iu hnh chin tranh gii phng v ch o chin lc trong tng thi k ca B thng
soi ti cao l v cng quan trng.
V sao u nm 1973, ta ang th thng, th p o ch phi chu li bc, rt ht qun M v
qun ch hu, th m sau Hip nh Paris, tnh hnh bng tr nn kh khn, thm ch c nguy c o
ngc? V sao mt khi lnh o, ch huy kim im, vch r c sai lm, nu c ch trng,
phng hng hnh ng ng n th chng bao lu, ta li ginh th ch ng v tin mnh, tin
nhanh.
Trch nhim ca ngi lnh o, ca c quan u no nng n bit bao trc vn mnh ca T
quc. Mt s lnh o, ch huy chin lc ng ch c th c c khi lnh o bit nm vng
phng php lun bin chng, bit nhn thng vo s tht, bit t ph bnh v ph bnh nghim tc,
kt hp l lun vi thc tin rt ra nhng bi hc kp thi.
***
Ra ngh Sn, ti thng ti bit th s 2, cng c ln ti nh khch gn Pagtng
(Pagodon), trong khu trung tm, hi y cha m cho khch du lch.
Trong thi gian ny, ng ch V Quang H, Cc ph Cc Tc chin lm th k gip ti lm k
hoch chin lc. i khi cn c ng ch Ph Gim c Hc vin Qun s cp cao gip vit bi
theo yu cu ca cc bo, ng ch Ph cc trng Cc Tuyn hun gip tho bi din vn quan
trng k nim ln th 30 ngy thnh lp Qun i nhn dnVit Nam thng 12 nm y.
K hoch chin lc c gi tuyt i b mt. ng ch V Quang H c b tr ring. Hng
ngy lm vic, mi ti liu u phi tun th nghim tc cc quy nh bo mt.
Theo hng dn ca anh Tn Tht Tng, sng sng ti i b quanh bn o Sn, leo ln cc
mm i, i dc theo ng mn ni lin cc im cao c rng thng bao ph, n 9 gi sng mi
tr v. Va i va suy ngh, khi dng li dc ng, ti thng trao i cng vic vi cc ng ch
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
cng i. Cng l "nht c lng tin", va rn luyn sc khe va ngh ra c kin hay.
Trong nhng ngy h Sn, cng vic ch yu l chun b k hoch chin lc ginh thng
li min Nam. Ti c cho ng ch V Quang H ghi tng phn ca bn k hoch, t nhn
nh tnh hnh ch - ta, tnh hnh quc t n nh chin lc v cc bc i c th. y l ln d
tho th su.
Tnh hnh M v th gii lc ny rt c li cho ta.
Vn phi cn nhc k l kh nng M li vo cu nguy cho ngu. c cc ti liu ca B
Ngoi giao v nghe bo co ca Cc Qun bo, ti i n nhn nh nu ta chun b chu o, nm
chc thi c, nh ngu quyn nhanh, gn, th c th M khng dm vo.
Nu ngu ng trc nguy c sp ln, nhng tnh hnh cn nhng nhng, M thy vo c th
cu c ngu, th cng c th M dng khng qun, hi qun can thip min Nam ri m rng ra
min Bc, hoc ng thi nh ph, phong to c min Bc v min Nam. Kh nng M dng lc
qun c t. Tuy vy, ta cng phi va nh va theo di phn ng ca M, hn ch kh nng can
thip ca chng.
Cc chin trng ang pht trin tin cng, nht l t thng 4-1974. Vi lc lng hin c
min Nam, ta c kh nng ginh li phn ln ng bng sng Cu Long, ng bng Khu 5, thc hin
cc ch tiu ginh dn, ginh t, tiu dit nhiu sinh lc ch, hon chnh vng giai phng v cn c
a min ni, chia ct ch ra tng khu vc, xy dng, cng c thm mt bc hu phng min
Nam. Phong tro thnh th trc mt cn yu nhng c tin cch mng to ln v ngy cng
chn mui, nn c kh nng pht trin v pht trin nhy vt khi ngu qun, ngu quyn lm vo th
khng hong ton din. V kh nng khi ngha ln thnh th cn phi tip tc theo di cht ch v
thc y phong tro pht trin nhanh.
Mc ch trc mt ca ta l nh ngu quyn a phng, gii phng nng thn, buc ch
phi thi hnh Hip nh Paris, to iu kin pht trin mnh phong tro thnh th, tin ln nh
ngu quyn trng ng.
Phng php l tin cng v ni dy, pht trin ln nh cao l tng tin cng - tng khi ngha
khi c thi c.
Cn c vo nhng kin tho lun trong B Chnh tr, ti phc tho ra nh chin lc l
ng vin n lc cao nht, chun b khn trng, y nht c ba n chin lc: ch lc, nng
thn, thnh th nhm ginh thng li cao nht. S ty tnh hnh c th v ch, v ta, v quc t, ty
mc ca thi c ch yu do ch quan to nn m quyt nh mc ginh thng li, mc s
dng lc lng c ng ca min Bc, hoc ginh thng li trit , hoc ginh thng li c bn, lp
chnh ph lin hip qu ba thnh phn, thi hnh Hip nh Paris, to iu kin tin ln ginh thng
li trit , v hng tin cng ch yu, trn c s cc phng n tc chin do T trung tm xut,
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
Vit (nay l Mt trn T quc Vit Nam) tng thanh kim mang dng ch "M o thnh cng",
ngha l nh u thng .
Trong i hnh ca Qun on Quyt Thng, vi t th sn sng chin u, sn sng nhn lnh
xut qun, cc chin s Qun tin phong t chc k nim trng th ngy truyn thng v vang ca
mnh theo ng nghi thc chnh quy. B i vui mng n Bc Tn knh mn nh c n hnh
nh ca min Nam rut tht. Sau khi cng Bc Tn i duyt i danh d, tham d l diu binh, ti
thay mt Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh giao nhim v cho b i: "S nghip cch mng
ca nhn dn ta ginh c nhng thng li v i. Min Bc ang tin nhng bc vng chc
trn con ng xy dng ch ngha x hi. Cuc u tranh cch mng ca ng bo v chin s min
Nam cha bao gi thun li nh hin nay. Nhng quc M v b l tay sai cn ngoan c tip tc
cuc chin tranh thc dn mi.
Cuc u tranh cch mng ca nhn dn ta cn lu di, gian kh, quyt lit, nhng thng li cui
cng nht nh v tay chng ta. Chng ta nht nh thng
Cc ng ch cn b cc cp phi gng mu, s on phi ra sc hc tp nng cao trnh v
mi mt, nht l trnh qun l b i, qun l c s vt cht k thut. Trong thi im quan trng
ny, cc ng ch hy khn trng xy dng s on chnh quy, hin i, dng cm, thin chin, sn
sng chin u cao, h ra qun l nh thng v thng to, hon thnh xut sc mi nhim v trn
giao, xng ng vi danh hiu S on Qun tin phong, gp phn cng hin ln nht vo s nghip
bo v T quc, xy dng ch ngha x hi min Bc, lm trn ngha v i vi min Nam rut
tht v ngha v quc t".
Sut dc ng v, ngi cnh Bc Tn, nhng kinh nghim v k c v xy dng v s dng b
i ch lc trong khng chin chng Php, nht l in Bin Ph, li hin ra trong u c ti, cng
vi hnh nh l c "Chin thng", thanh kim "M o thnh cng" v nhng gng mt tr, khe
ca cc chin s S on 308.
***
Cui thng 8-1974, B Tng Tham mu tp trung nm chc tnh hnh, xc minh tin tc, chun b
ti liu cn thit phc v Hi ngh B Chnh tr Trung ng ng. Ti tranh th lm vic vi T
trung tm. c mt ci nhn tng qut, trong mt ln lm vic H ng vi ng ch Nguyn
ng, Chnh vn phng Qun u v cc ng ch V Lng, V Quang H, Cc trng v Ph Cc
trng Cc Tc chin, chng ti s b trao i kin v quy lut chin tranh nhn dn Vit Nam qua
cc thi k, trn c s tm phng hng hnh ng chin trng min Nam trong tnh hnh
mi. im li t Cch mng Thng Tm cho n lc ny, phi chng quy lut y l s dng bo lc
cch mng, tin hnh khi, ngha ton dn v chin tranh ton dn, pht ng cao tro cch mng
va khng chin va kin quc, nh ch ton din c qun s, chnh tr, kinh t, ngoi giao, u
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
tranh trn c ba vng chin lc bng cc chin dch tng hp, cc cch nh sng to c hiu sut
cao, nhm ng mc tiu chin lc, to thi c thc hin nhng trn quyt chin chin lc c
ngha quyt nh lm chuyn bin tnh hnh v ginh thng li. Nhim v ca cch mng min
Nam khi qun M rt i cng khng ngoi quy lut y.
Trc mt, cn tng kt cch nh qun ngu bnh nh, ln chim, tng thm ngi v ho lc,
bo m qun s tiu on a phng c 300, tiu on ch lc 400, min Bc khn trng t
chc tng tiu on, i i ho lc mnh a vo chin trng, tin ti trung on phi dit c
qun l, chi khu qun s, tiu on dit i i ch. Khu 8 v Khu IX cha c s ch huy thng
nht, nn chng thnh lp mt B ch huy chung.
V hng tin cng chin lc l nam Ty Nguyn, m u bng nh Bun Ma Thut, ti da
vo nhng suy ngh c t nhng ngy khng chin chng Php, v tm quan trng v v tr chin
lc qun s ca Ty Nguyn kt hp vi thc tin chin trng lc ny v nhng ch mnh, ch
yu trong th b tr chin lc ca M - ngu. Nhiu nh qun s, c ta v ch, u ni nm c
Ty Nguyn l khng ch c ton b chin trng min Nam ng Dng. y l ci mi nh
ca a bn min Nam bn o ny. Th b tr chin lc "mnh hai u" ca M - ngu nhm i
ph vi ta pha bc (Tr - Thin) v pha Nam (Qun khu III v IV ngu) cng l r nam Ty
Nguyn l a bn va him yu, va yu li va s h.
Trong qu trnh khng chin chng M, cu nc, B Tng Tham mu pht hin rt sm
nhng nhc im ca ch nam Ty Nguyn. Trong khi b tr lc lng rt mnh Vng I chin
thut (t Quang Tr n Qung Ngi) gi a bn gip gii vi min Bc, th Vng II chin
thut (bao gm c Ty Nguyn), ch ch b tr mt lc lng va phi. Ring Ty Nguyn, ch
phng ta pha Bc (Pleiku - Kon Tum) nhiu hn l pha nam (Bun Ma Thut).
Ngay t gia nm 1973, trong bn " cng k hoch chin lc" d tho ln u tin, T
trung tm ngh: " Hng ch yu ca cc n ch lc: Ty Nguyn, Min ng, Tr - Thin,
Qung . Ch yu l Ty Nguyn v: a hnh tt, bo m pht huy c binh kh k thut; kt
hp c n ch lc vi tin cng, ni dy ng bng Khu 5; bo m c lin tc tin cng; c
iu kin bo m c s vt cht; ch hin nay tng i yu".
Anh Dng v ti xem v cho kin T trung tm tip tc nghin cu, ly kin, b sung
hon chnh k hoch.
Trong mt bui lm vic, anh Hong Minh Tho, vi nhn quan mt nh nghin cu khoa hc
qun s, nu kin: khi chn hng chin lc l Ty Nguyn th trc ht nn nh Bun
Ma Thut, v y l th x ln nht, l ni him yu v cng l ni ch s h nht. Kh khn phi
vt qua tin cng trn hng ny l thiu ng hnh qun v thiu nc. Ti rt tn thnh.
My hm sau, ti mi cm anh V Ch Cng v anh Chu Huy Mn ti gia nh. Lc , trong
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
cn b ta c hai kin tranh lun cha ng ng: mt s ng ch chn Ty Nguyn lm hng tin
cng ch yu, mt s khc chn ng bng Nam B. Trong lc chuyn tr thn mt, ti ni vi
hai anh: "Th no ta cng nh Ty Nguyn trc".
Vic chn Ty Nguyn lm chin trng chnh cn l suy ngh ca nhiu ng ch khc. Thng
7-1974, khi gp ti cng nh khi gp cc anh Hong Vn Thi, L Trng Tn Sn, anh Ba c
nhc n Ty Nguyn.
ng ch L Trng Tn c ln ra tnh hung tp bi cho hc vin trng b tc qun s cp
cao: "Nu chn Ty Nguyn lm hng tin cng chin lc ch yu th mc tiu u tin l
u?". Tuyt i a s p n ca hc vin u thng nht chn hng nam, nh vo Bun Ma
Thut.
Sau ny, anh L Hu c k li: Mt bui sng ma h nm 1973, ng ch B th th nht gi
anh ln bo co tnh hnh chin s min Nam. Khi chun b ra v, anh Ba hi:
- B Tng Tham mu ang lm g?
- D, ang d tho k hoch chin lc gii phng min Nam.
- Th ! ng ch c th bo co cho ti nghe c khng?
Lin tc trong vng hai ting ng h, anh c bo co bn cng d tho. Anh Ba nghe rt
chm ch.
Cui cng anh ch th:
- Chiu nay, mi c t sang lm vic vi ti.
Bui chiu, cc anh L Trng Tn, V Lng, L Hu c sang nh ring ca anh Ba. Sau khi
nghe anh Tn bo co, ni dung gn nh anh c bo co bui sng, anh Ba ni:
- Ti ang suy ngh nh vy. Hm nay nghe xong, T trung tm li cng c suy ngh ca ti.
Ti s bo co vi B Chnh tr.
Trn ng v, anh Tn dn anh Lng v anh c:
- Vn tuyt mt, ti trc tip bo co anh Dng v anh Vn.
Sng th ba tun sau, trc khi tho lun, anh Tn ni li ca anh Dng v anh Vn cho ton
t: "Anh Dng ch th nh ng vo Bun Ma Thut l ch yu ch t ca ch. nh c vo y
mi thng to. Lm ng l rt hp "khu v" ca anh Vn, v c ng mi s dng c pho ln,
xe tng, mi nh ln c Anh Vn bo mnh bn k vi anh em cng binh, c gng lm ng
nh vo Bun Ma Thut. Anh cn nhc kinh nghim in Bin Ph, bc Qung Tr. ng quan
trng lm".
R rng, vic chn hng chin lc Ty Nguyn, ch yu l nam Ty Nguyn v chn Bun
Ma Thut lm mc tiu tin cng u tin khng phi mi c t ra trong nhng ngy ny.
***
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Ngy 27-9, trong bui hi cng tc ca B Chnh tr, anh Ba nu ra nm ni dung chun b
tho lun.
l ch trng k hoch ca cch mng min Nam nm 1975 v nhng nm sau, nhim v ca
qun i, t chc b my nh nc, cng tc cn b v mt s cng vic khc. Anh gi : im ni
bt trong so snh lc lng l ta ch ng, ch b ng, th v lc ca M - ngu khc trc v
c th cn khc na. Ta phi c cch nh khin M phi chu, cn y lc lng a phng ln
gii quyt cho c chi khu, qun l, ch lc nh c tiu on, trung on, dit sinh lc ca ch t
ngoi vo trong, tin ln dit s on, th x. Cn ch c cng. Nhm vo cc c quan u no, c
s vt cht, sn bay, bn cng, ng giao thng. Trong my nm, lm thay i so snh lc lng,
to thi c, chun b n quyt nh bng tng cng kch, tng khi ngha. Yu cu tp trung lm k
hoch, t chc lc lng, tng kt cch nh, vi tinh thn tch cc, ch ng, kin quyt, linh hot.
Cn c vo tinh thn ch th ca B Chnh tr, B Tng Tham mu b sung k hoch chin lc.
Mt bn cng mi: "K hoch ginh thng li min Nam" mang s 172/TG1 lm xong
ngy 26-8-1974.
Cng trong thi gian ny, Trung ng Cc min Nam v Qun u B2 gi ra Trung ng v Qun
u Trung ng mt k hoch hot ng ma kh 1974-1975 vi quyt tm ginh thng li quyt
nh, hon thnh s nghip cch mng min Nam trong hai nm 1975-1976. Nh vy l c pha
trc v pha sau, t B Chnh tr, Qun u Trung ng n cc chin trng gp nhau trong
quyt tm ginh thng li cluyt nh trong vi ba nm ti. Vn cn li l phng n hnh ng
ti u ginh thng li sm nht, gn nht, tit kim xng mu nht.
***
Ngy 30-9-1974, Hi ngh B Chnh tr khai mc ti Tng hnh dinh. Cc ng ch trong Qun
u Trung ng, anh V Ch Cng lc ny ang c mt Th cng c mi n d.
Trn cc bc tng quanh phng hp, Cc Tc chin treo sn nhng tm bn qun s ln t l
1/500.000, vi cc k hiu th hin tnh hnh chin s mi nht.
ng ch l bn trn tin cng ca qun ta tiu dit c im Nng Sn, qun l Thng
c v cc t phn kch ca cc l on ch b ta nh bi Khu 5.
Hi ngh dnh hn hai ngy nghe bo co.
Anh Hong Vn Thi trnh by tnh hnh qun s - chnh tr ca min Nam chn thng qua. Vi
nhng dn chng c th, bn bo co cho thy i phng b tht bi mt bc nghim trng
trong m mu "bnh nh", ln chim, bc l nhng suy yu v nhng kh khn mi. S cuc hnh
qun ln chim gim dn. Cc cuc hnh qun gii to tng ln. ch ang th i xung r rt. Tuy
vy, qun ch cn ng, ho lc, phi pho tuy rt hn ch nhng vn cn hot ng, b my km
kp cn khng ch c nhn dn trong vng ch kim sot.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
chin trng nam Ty Nguyn v cc chin dch phi hp min ng Nam B, bc Khu 5 v Tr Thin. ng bng sng Cu Long, tip tc tin cng v ni dy, m mng, m vng, nh ph
"bnh nh".
t 3: T thng 8 n thng 10-1975 l t pht trin thng li bng y mnh hot ng Tr Thin v Khu 5, ng thi chun b lc lng sn sng thc hin phng n thi c.
Bc 2 (1976): Thc hin tng cng kch, tng khi ngha, gii phng hon ton min Nam.
V hng chin lc v nhim v ca tng chin trng, B Tng Tham mu ngh:
- Tr - Thin, Qung l chin trng nh ph "bnh nh", tiu dit lc lng ch, gii
phng i b phn nng thn, chia ct chin lc.
- Ty Nguyn (trng im l nam Ty Nguyn) l chin trng ch yu ca ch lc tiu dit lc
lng ch.
- Nam B: ng bng sng Cu Long v vng ven Si Gn l chin trng ch yu nh ph
"bnh nh" nhm hon thnh th bao vy v c lp Si Gn.
Min ng l chin trng ca ch lc, tiu dit lc lng ch, m mng, m vng, m hnh
lang Ty Ninh v phi hp vi Khu 8 m hnh lang Kin Phong - Kin Tng, to bn p p st
Si Gn - M Tho.
V thi c chin lc, B Tng Tham mu d kin thi c c th xut hin trong ba tnh hung:
1. Khi ta nh mnh nht vo t hai nm 1975.
2. Ngay trong ma ma Nam B.
3. Nhng thng cui nm 1975, khi ngu t chc bu tng thng.
Phng hng l: "Kim ch M, nh ngu, hn ch chin tranh phm vi min Nam, ng
thi sn sng i ph phn ng quyt lit ca M bng khng qun, hi qun v qun cu ho".
Trong bn bo co, B Tng Tham mu cng trnh by c th k hoch hu cn chin lc lm
c s cho vic t k hoch tc chin chin lc v nhng mc tiu cn t ti, nht l trong nm
1975, v kh nng can thip tr li ca M khi ta nh ln, kh nng vt cht k thut ca ta nh
ln, v kh nng ni dy ca qun chng cc th, nht l Si Gn.
Ti pht biu kin b sung, nu r lc ny th v lc ca ta ang pht trin nhanh chng theo
chiu hng c li. Tnh hnh cho php ta chun b ngay k hoch tin ti tng cng kch, m u
l t chc cc t tin cng tiu dit ln qun ch, sau nh vo cc thnh ph. ch cn c
nhng ch mnh. Xng sng ca ch l qun i ngu, c coi l mnh nht trong cc i qun
tay sai ca quc. Bn cnh chng, vn cn c vn v nhn vin qun s M. u no ca chng
ang cc th, nht l Si Gn. K hoch bnh nh c chng coi l c s, to ngun d tr
thc hin "Vit Nam ho chin tranh". Tuy nhin, ch ang trn i xung. Vin tr M khng
ngng b ct gim. Tinh thn qun ngu ru r, binh s phn ln b bt buc i lnh, sc chin u st
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
km r rt. Ngu quyn cng suy yu trm trng. Mu thun gia chng vi ch M ngy cng tng.
Ngu quyn Si Gn ang ng trc nhng kh khn v kinh t - x hi v phng cu vn.
quc M ang lng tng. Phong tro phn chin t sau Hip nh Paris cng ln cao. Nn lm pht
xut hin. ng Cng ho b v b bi Oatght tri cht chn tay. M rt kh a qun tr li min
Nam. y l hon cnh khch quan ht sc thun li, ta cn tn dng, khng c b l.
Kh khn ca ch l thun li ca ta. Cch mng min Nam ang chuyn mnh theo hng i
ln. Chin trng Nam B bc vo mt ma ma cha tng c.
Bt chp thi tit kh khn, qun v dn ta y mnh mi mt hot ng to th mi v lc mi,
c vt cht v tinh thn. Ta tiu dit mt b phn kh ln sinh lc ca ch, gi vng cc "lm gii
phng" ng bng sng Cu Long, xung quanh Si Gn, gi vng vng gii phng v cn c a
rng ln, duy tr c th uy hip ch v mt chin lc. Vic chun b c s vt cht, d tr cho
chin u cng rt kh quan. Ngnh hu cn, on Trng Sn vn chuyn vi khi lng ln,
"lt " hng vn tn n dc, lng thc, xng du, to thm th mnh, chun b cho b i
chin u trong mt nm ri, xy dng lc lng, nht l xy dng nhng "qu m ch lc", thu
c nhiu kt qu. B i ch lc trin khai hu ht min Nam.
Ti c bit lu hi ngh v trn Thng c, qua thy r khi khng da c vo s chi
vin ln ca khng qun M, khi khng cn nhiu n pho s dng th sc chin u ca qun
ngu rt yu c trong tin cng cng nh trong phng ng. Cui cng, ti khng nh thi c chin
luc n, cn khn trng chun b mi mt, i i vi y mnh u tranh chnh tr, cn c
nhng trn quyt chin chin lc tiu dit ln qun ch ginh ton thng.
Cc ng ch trong B Chnh tr pht biu kin rt si ni. Thn trng, khc chit, rch ri tng
, anh Trng Chinh nu r M ang ng trc hai s la chn: hoc l thay nga gia dng nh
thay Ng nh Dim trc kia, hoc l can thip c mc cu vn tnh th. Ta cn li dng
thi c M ang b bi v nhiu mt, tranh th ginh thng li quyt nh.
Anh Phm Vn ng nhc li ln gp Ktxinhgi nm ngoi. Tr li cu hi: Dn tc Vit Nam
ba ln thng qun Nguyn. Cn cc ng, liu cc ng nh chng ti my ln? Nh ngoi giao
Hoa K gi ln mt ngn tay. Ri anh khng nh: Nc M ang b bi lm! Cho ko, qun M
cng khng dm tr li Vit Nam.
Anh Nguyn Duy Trinh cng ng nh vy, v ni tip: Tuy nhin, ta vn cn phi phng.
Mi ngi u nht tr mt khi M rt qun ra th kh lng tr vo li min Nam. Vo bng
lc qun kh, cn nu vo bng khng qun th khng quyt nh c chin trng, lm sao cu
c ngu? M gp nhiu kh khn trong v ngoi nc, kh nng vin tr cho ngu ngy cng
gim. D chng c can thip th no i chng na th cng khng th cu vn c s sp ca
ngu. Ta ginh quyn ch ng trn chin trng, to c th chin lc vng chc t Bc n
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Nam. Lc lng qun s, d tr vt cht c tng cng. H thng ng chin lc, chin dch
ang tip tc hon chnh. th min Nam, phong tro u tranh i ho bnh, dn sinh, dn ch,
i c lp dn tc i lt Thiu ang pht trin. Vai tr ca Mt trn dn tc gii phng, ca
Lin minh cc lc lng dn tc, dn ch, ho bnh ngy cng c nng cao. R rng, ngu suy
yu nghim trng ton din. min Nam, ta mnh hn ch.
V k hoch chin lc, hi ngh thy rng hai nm 1975 v 1976 u c v tr quan trng, nhng
nm 1975 l nm bn l, to iu kin mi mt trong nm 1976 ginh thng li cui cng. Nm
1975, ta bt u n tin cng nam Ty Nguyn, kt hp vi m vng, m mng ng bng sng
Cu Long, ni lin Ty nguyn vi min ng Nam B. Phi thc hin tt k hoch nm 1975
n nm 1976. Phi to cho c yu t bt ng c th dn n nhng bc pht trin nhy vt.
i vi M, cn kt hp vi u tranh ngoi giao loi tr kh nng can thip, ng thi phi
c k hoch c th phng chin tranh ph hoi bng khng qun, hi qun, nht l khi ngu ng
trc nguy c sp .
Tnh th cch mng ang chn mui. Mt cuc sc cui cng gia ta v ch tt yu s din ra
v s sp hon ton ca ngu qun, ngu quyn min Nam l khng th trnh khi.
Hi ngh nht tr ph duyt k hoch chin lc c bn d tho ln th by do B Tng Tham
mu chun b. Hi ngh nhn mnh yu cu phi c k hoch to thi c v n thi c, nht l khi
Thiu . Trong bt k tnh hung no cng khng c l thi c khi thi c chin lc xut
hin. "Nu thi c n vo u hoc cui nm 1975 th lp tc gii phng min Nam trong nm
1975".
V hng chin lc, Hi ngh ra b i ch lc phi chun b trn c hai hng:
- Ty Nguyn, trng im l nam Ty Nguyn, l hng chin lc rt quan trng.
- Min ng Nam B l hng quyt nh cui cng.
Ty Nguyn c chn lm chin trng ch yu trong cuc tin cng ln v rng khp nm
1975.
V cch nh chin lc, chin dch, cn kt hp u tranh v trang v u tranh chnh tr, kt
hp ba mi gip cng (qun s, chnh tr, binh vn), nh ch trn c ba vng chin lc (rng ni,
nng thn ng bng, thnh th). B i ch lc phi nh nhng trn quyt chin, nh tiu dit ln
trn chin trng rng ni, phi hp vi cc chin dch tng hp ng bng sng Cu Long v
Khu 5. Ch chia ct chin lc, ct giao thng, to iu kin n ra ly khai, binh bin.
Cng tc t tng phi lnh o ton ng, ton dn, ton qun qun trit quyt tm chin lc
ca ng, t chc, ng vin mi lc lng, pht huy sc mnh tng hp ca chin tranh nhn dn
ginh thng li to ln, tin ln ginh thng li cui cng.
Sng 8-10-1974, ng ch B th th nht kt lun hi ngh. ng ch nu r sau by ngy tho
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
qu trnh B thng soi ti cao ch o giai on cui cng ca chin tranh. Sau mt nm trin khai
phng hng chin lc do Ngh quyt Trung ng 21 ra, chin trng chuyn bin nhanh theo
hng c li. y l thi im m lnh o khi u bn ti quyt tm chin lc v mt s vn
c bn c lin quan n vic h quyt tm.
Ginh thng li hon ton, gii phng min Nam l mt vic ht sc trng i, ht sc kh khn,
phc tp.
Ngh thut qun s l ngh thut ca cc kh nng.
Nhn thc l mt qu trnh. Khi u chin tranh cng nh kt thc chin tranh c lin quan mt
thit n vn mnh ca t nc, ca dn tc. Mt quyt tm chin lc ch c th ng khi c
cc yu t ch quan v khch quan cn thit. T nhng bc chun b c th, to th, to lc, n lc
tnh hnh chn mui, s to ra bc nhy vt cch mng, c khi vt mi d kin ban u.
thi im nng bng ny, tr tu ca lnh o tp trung soi sng con ng i ti ton thng
ca dn tc, vch r phng hng v bin php ging n quyt chin chin lc cui cng.
Cc chuyn bin trn chin trng min Nam cung cp cho ta nhiu d liu quan trng. Trn
Thng c l thc o sc chin u ca qun ta v qun ngu.
Cuc rt chy khi Tng L Chn l ting kn lui qun bc nhc ca ch. Nchxn buc phi
ri gh Tng thng M l biu hin th trng bnh hon ca mt tn xm lc khng l bt lc.
Tt c cho php B thng soi ti cao rt ra nhng kt lun anh thp. l:
- Trn chin trng min Nam, ta ang pht trin th ch ng chin lc, y ch vo thb
ng phng ng.
Sc chin u ca ta hn hn qun ch lc c ng ca ngu.
- M khng th a qun tr li, cng kh lng cu ngu khi sp .
- Thi c chin lc ang pht trin nhanh chng n chn mui.
Ngay sau hi ngh, ti ch th cho B Tng Tham mu b sung k hoch, ng thi truyn t
ngay nhim v v k hoch qun s bc u c B Chnh tr thng qua n cc chin trng.
V tuyn qun, thc t c nhng kh khn gay gt. Tng qun s lc ny chim hn 50% s
trai t 18 n 25 tui hin c trong c nc. Trong khi , yu cu tuyn thm 17 vn qun trong
nm 1975 (tng 50% so vi nm 1973 v nm 1974) l cao nhng rt cn thit. Ti yu cu bt k
tnh hung no cng phi c lc lng chin u cho min Nam ginh thng li, d c phi tuyn
thm tui t 26 n 30 v mt phn khu vc hc sinh, sinh vin v cn b, cng nhn vin
nh nc. Ring v hu cn, ti nhn mnh y l vn c ngha quan trng hng u. Phi
chun b cho hai nm 1975 v 1976, t nht cng phi cho mt nm ri, v mt l gin n l nu
khng c go, n, nhin liu th b i khng nh ln c. Cn hon chnh trc ng chin lc
trc ma kh c th vn chuyn c hai ma vo ti Lc Ninh, ng thi gp rt pht trin mng
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
ng chin dch n cc mc tiu tin cng theo d kin. H thng kho, trm cng nh k hoch
vn chuyn phi c trin khai hon chnh.
Ti cng yu cu Tng cc Chnh tr tin hnh tt cng tc t tng, cng tc ng vin chnh
tr, c ng chin trng. Qua kinh nghim cuc Tng tin cng v ni dy Tt Mu Thn 1968,
cng tc ny pht huy tc dng, c v mnh m kh th tin cng ca qun v dn min Nam,
thng tin, c ng hu phng min Bc hng v tin tuyn ln, phi hp cng min Nam nh
gic. Cng vi tin thng trn v cc bn thng co chin thng, nhng bi bnh lun qun s ca
Quyt Thng, ca Cu Long, ca Chin Trng thng qua cc c quan thng tin i chng, mt thi
lm nc lng c nc, hng mi tri tim theo cng mt ch tin cng v ni dy, ni dy v
tin cng, quyt chin v quyt thng.
Cc c quan Tng hnh dinh lm vic khng k ngy m. Ai cng mun gp phn cng sc, tr
tu ca mnh, pht huy cao chc nng tham mu ca c quan chin lc i vi chin trng,
chun b cho ma thi ua lp cng hng mong i.
Ch thch:
(1) im xung yu.
(2) u nm 1974, anh Hong Vn Thi sau khi cha bnh ti Cng ho dn ch c, v l do
sc khe, li min Bc v nhn nhim v Ph Tng Tham mu trng th nht. Th trng B
Quc phng. Anh Trn Vn Tr ln thay lm T lnh B2.
V Nguyn Gip
TNG HNH DINH TRONG MA XUN TON THNG
Chng 4
H QUYT TM CHIN LC
Sau cuc hp thng 10-1974, B Chnh tr thy cn c thm thi gian nh gi tnh hnh k hn,
tho lun su hn, xy dng k hoch y hn, i ti h quyt tm chin lc c c s khoa
hc, bo m chc thng. B Chnh tr quyt nh triu tp Hi ngh B Chnh tr m rng t ngy
18-12-1974 thng qua quyt tm ln cui cng.
u thng 12, cc anh Phm Hng, Trn Vn Tr, Phan Vn ng (Nam B), V Ch Cng, Chu
Huy Mn (Khu 5) c mt H Ni. Ti v B Tng Tham mu gp v lm vic vi cc anh,
tranh th thm kin ca chin trng v k hoch chin lc, v hng tin cng chin lc, v
V Nguyn Gip
mc tiu tin cng. Cc anh cng tip xc, trao i kin vi mt s ng ch trong B Chnh tr,
chun b cho cuc hp quan trng sp ti.
V k hoch chin lc hai nm 1975-1976, mi ngi u c bn nht tr. V hng chin
trng chnh, c hai kin: mt l chn Ty Nguyn; hai l chn min ng Nam B, Ty
Nguyn ch nh c Lp m ng vo ng Nam B. V mc tiu tin cng, c mt cuc
tranh lun si ni gia B Tng Tham mu vi on cn b B2 xung quanh k hoch tc chin m
u ma kh 1974-1975 ca B T lnh Min. Cc ng ch B2, vi thc tin v kinh nghim
chin u, nm tnh hnh ch ti ch, ch trng trc ht nh ng Xoi, chi khu qun l v l v
tr then cht ca tnh Phc Long. Tip tin nh Phc Long, ginh mt chin thng m u
vang di. Cc ng ch B Tng Tham mu, trc tnh hnh ta rt thiu n, nht l n sng ln,
ch trng nh B ng, B Na l nhng v tr quan trng hn pha bc ng Xoi c thm
n pho chin li phm nh ng Xoi. Cui cng mi ngi thng nht kin v k hoch tin
cng v mc tiu tin cng l B ng, B Na, ng Xoi v c Phc Long, mc d lc u B
Tng Tham mu khng t ra nhim v nh mc tiu ny.
Cc ng ch trong B Chnh tr, Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh cng chp nhn k
hoch v mc tiu tin cng nh vy. K hoch ma kh ca B2 v th cng khng b o ln.
Theo ti ngh, trong ch o chin tranh, c kin khc nhau l rt bnh thng, min sao cng
c chung mc ch tm ra phng n ti u ginh thng li.
Nhng cuc tranh lun nh vy l cn thit i n thng nht, v l biu hin tt ca mi quan
h gia c quan tham mu chin lc vi cc ng ch c trch nhim chin trng. Vn quan
trng l ch bit lng nghe v tn trng kin ca nhau, bnh tnh, sng sut thao lun trn tnh
ng ch vi tinh thn trch nhim cao, khng ch quan, p t.
Cn nh r, trong nhng ngy ny, ti a anh Trn Vn Tr ln Sn Ty thm mt n v pho
binh. Hm y, tri ma rt, xe phi vt qua nhiu qung ng ly li, y nhng g. Cc chin
s "chn ng vai st" n chng ti rt trang nghim m cng rt thn tnh.
Bit anh Tr ang cn s dng pho B2, ti a anh i xem cc khu pho 76,2mm, KZ
57mm, v ni:
- Chng ti chun b cho anh nhng ci ny.
Anh Tr hi li:
- Khu ny nng bao nhiu?
- Hai t. Nhng khi lo! a n ch anh, n s c tho ri ra, cho xung xung ui tm ri
vc vo.
Anh Tr vui v ngm cc khu pho. Ti thng cm vi ng ch T lnh B2. Anh l ngi hng
hi nu kin nh Phc Long. Anh nhiu ln ngh c s dng pho trong ma kh 1974To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
1975. Do nhit tnh ca anh v ngh ca on B2, trong mt ln gp ring, anh Ba v Qun u
ng B2 c s dng mt i i pho 130mm vo trn nh Phc Long.
Ti tranh th ni thm vi anh v ch trng ca B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng cn gi
kn chin lc cha cho xut hin xe tng v pho ln min ng Nam B tn dng yu t
bt ng. Nu dng, phi xin kin ca B Tng t lnh. Hn na, cn s dng tit kim pho v xe
tng, v t sau khi Hip nh Paris c k kt, Lin X, Trung Quc u chm dt vin tr cc loi
ny cho ta. n pho 105mm v 130mm, bn xong, ta phi em v v np li tip tc s dng.
y cng l vn m cc chin trng u thy r, c bit l Qun khu 5. T thng 8-1974,
anh Tr cng bo co bng in v tnh hnh n sng ln ca B2.
D kin n cui nm, trong cc n v ch lc v kho ca Min ch cn 4.800 vin n ci
120mm, 1.190 vin n ci 160mm, 6.500 vin n pho 130mm, 300 vin n lu pho 105mm.
Anh cng ngh B Tng t lnh y mnh vn chuyn n ln vo u ma kh cho B2.
Cuc i thm n v pho li mt n tng tt.
Trn ng v, ti suy ngh vn s dng pho binh trong giai on cui cng ca chin tranh.
Nhng trang s qun s v vai tr ca pho binh, t Naplng n Stalin, Giucp, Bnh c Hoi,
tr li trong u. Ti ngh n b hc kinh nghim s dng pho binh trong chin dch lch s in
Bin Ph. Khng mt ai ph nhn vai tr ca pho binh trong thi im quyt nh. Vn l khi
no s dng, lm sao pho binh c ng c vo chin trng, v nht l c c s n cn thit.
***
T Hi ngh B Chnh tr thng 10-1974 n lc ny, th v lc ca cch mng min Nam mnh
thm nhiu. Cng vi s ra i ca cc qun on, khi ch lc ca cc qun khu pht trin nhanh
chng. B i a phng v dn qun du kch cng c xy dng mnh hn. T thng 7-1974, ta
m cc cuc tin cng vo phng tuyn vnh ngoi ca ch sut t Tr - Thin n Nam B.
Trong vng su thng, cc lc lng v trang ca Qun khu Tr - Thin, Qun khu 5 v Qun
on II ba ln ginh thng li lin tip trn chin trng Tr Thin - Hu v Qung Nam - Nng.
Vi thng li ca chin dch Thng c, qun ta tiu dit mt b phn sinh lc ch, m rng
vng gii phng Qung , to nn mt bn p tin cng quan trng uy hip Nng t, hng ty
nam. Vi chin thng La Sn, M Tu, ta nh thit hi nng S on 1 ngu, s on mnh nht
ca ch Qun khu I, m rng vng gii phng nam Tha Thin, to mt bn p tin cng th hai,
uy hip mnh m giao thng, chin lc ca ch gia Hu v Nng. Vi bn thng bo v
Thng c, ta gi vng khu vc bn p quan trng ny, nh tan s on d ngu, "con ch bi"
ca lc lng tng d b chin lc ca chng.
Ty Nguyn, qun ta nh chim chi khu qun s, qun l Mng en v Mng Bt (Kon
Tum), tiu dit qun ch lc ngu Ch Ngh, c Pt.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
- Cc anh bo co ngn gn, v Qun u khng c nhiu thi gian nghe di. Thi gian by gi
l lc lng y.
Anh Phan Bnh gii thiu ng ch Nguyn Thanh, Trng phng 70 (1) bo co. Sau khi dn
chng nhng bin php m Nguyn Vn Thiu va ra trong cuc hp khn cp vi cc t lnh
qun on, qun khu hi u thng hng i ph vi cc hot ng ng Xun 1975 ca ta, ng
ch Trng phng 70 bo co c th trn bn lc lng ch b tr Ty Nguyn theo ngun tin
mi nht: bc Ty Nguyn, chng iu Trung on 47 ng bng Khu 5 v Lin on 4 bit
ng qun Si Gn tng cng cho Pleiku, lp B ch huy chin trng Kon Tum trc tip ch huy
bn lin on bit ng qun s 6, 21, 22, 23, lp B ch huy Pleiku - Qung c trc tip ch huy
ba trung on ca S 23 v ba lin on bit ng qun s 4, 24, 25. S on 23 c nhim v gi
Plyku l ch yu. nam Ty Nguyn, ch ch Trung on 53 thuc S 23 ng Bun Ma
Thut v Lin on 24 bit ng qun Qung c, do s ch huy nh S on 23 ch huy.
Thiu ang cho gp rt thnh lp ba l on tng tr b Si Gn v tp trung ton b s d
Nng, hnh thnh hai khi c ng chin lc quy m s on trn hai hng, sn sng c ng
i ph vi ta.
Va nghe bo co, ti va xem k bn b tr binh lc ca ch, hi thm mt vi iu, ri kt
lun:
- Th l r. ch b tr binh lc rt phn tn, dn mng. Lc lng c ng chin lc ang gp
kh khn v cc s on tng tr b u phi gn vo cc chin trng, mu thun gia phn tn v
tp trung rt cng thng. Tinh thn qun ngu bt u suy yu, mt n inh. c bit tnh hnh ni b
M khng hong v vin tr M gim nhiu tc ng su sc n ngu qun, ngu quyn. Nhng
nhn t trn l l la ang m chy trong lng ch. N s bng ln thiu chy chng khi thi c
n.
Quay sang anh L Ngc Hin, ti ni tip:
- Cc anh ch hng Ty Nguyn rt yu, song li him yu. ch tp trung nhiu bc Ty
Nguyn, cn nam Ty Nguyn rt yu v s h. Cn M th th lc chng chin tranh chim u
th c trong Quc hi. M khng d g rt i li quay tr li. Nhng Cc 2 vn phi ht sc ch ,
theo di hot ng ca khng qun v hi qun M.
c thm nhiu d kin v tham s gip cho B thng soi ti cao h quyt tm chin lc.
Ngy 18-12-1974, Hi ngh B Chnh tr m rng hp ti Tng hnh dinh. Ngi nh mi bng n
kn di nhng tn l cy dy c, vi nhng cn hm lm vic kin c, ni tng din ra nhiu
cuc hp c mt ca B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng, hm nay li chng kin mt s kin lch
s c ngha quyt nh.
Ln cui cng, ch v tr tu ca ng tp trung cao , lp k by mu, h quyt tm ginh
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
Trong k hoch qun s 1975-1976, cn ghi r: Phi c trn tiu dit ln nam Ty Nguyn
bng cch nh ch ang vn ng. Yu cu l phi dit t ba n nm s on ch trong mt t
hot ng mnh v gn, ch khng c ko di l th. K hoch phi nu r dit ch Ty
Nguyn, m u bng nh Bun Ma Thut. C th sau khi ta tiu dit Bun Ma Thut, ch s dao
ng, ri lon, lc ta phi chp ly thi c gii phng Hu. Nu lc ta chm chn, mi mt,
ma ma n th l mt thi c. Cho nn phi c k hoch bao vy chia ct ngay t by gi, khng
cho ch co cm chin lc, rt v min ng Nam B hay rt v pha ng dc theo b bin
Trung B. Trong nm 1975 ny, ta khng nht thit phi c ng Qun on I. Phi tp trung n li
m hun luyn cho tt, bo m lun lun sn sng. Phi ht sc khn trng, ht sc tp trung. Nu
c thi c th s dng Qun on I. Nu thi c cha xut hin, th ta cng mnh ln n thi c
mi.
Chng ta phi ch ng to ra thi c, ch khng th b ng ngi ch. Khi thi c n th ph
kin quyt, kp thi chp ly thi c. Phi tch cc pht trin ci ng, ci hay ca ta, khot su ci
nhc im, ci sai lm ca ch th tt yu thi c s xut hin. H quyt tm hon thnh cch mng
dn tc dn ch trong hai nm 1975-1976 l ng. Nhng k hoch cn phng tnh hung sm
hn, trong nm 1975, v c tnh hung ko di qua nm 1977. Nh vy mi ch ng, vng vng.
***
Trong phn tho lun, hi ngh nghe anh Vn Tin Dng pht biu v vn s dng binh lc,
nu r vic vn ng cch nh phi th hin ngay trong bc xy dng k hoch v pht trin k
hoch. Hin nay, trng tm ca ta l ginh thng li ng bng. cho c vng chc hn, c
iu kin xy dng lc lng ng bng, tc chin quy m ln, nht thit phi c hng lang ni
lin ng bng vi cn c. Ch lc min ng phi phi hp thc hin nhim v ny.
Trong k hoch t hai, phi nghin cu cch nh cho ch v ra, m khng phi s dng nhiu
lc lng.
Cn phi tnh n phn ng ca M. Cng khng loi tr kh nng ngu suy sp nhanh chng.
Khi ta nh mnh, phong tro th ln, thi c s xut hin. Chnh lc y li cng phi cnh gic.
Rnh rt tng li, tng , anh Phm Vn ng phn tch v phng php tc chin chin lc
trong giai on cui cng ca chin tranh. Anh nhn mnh cn vn dng chin lc tng hp, phi
chun b k c s vt cht, k thut, v c vn hun luyn chin s mi. Anh ni: "V ta, quan
trng nht l mt cao tro cch mng min Nam xy ra. Rt mi, c qun s v chnh tr. Bo lc
qun s n mc cao nht i i vi bo lc chnh tr". Anh ng ln, bc tng bc mt, i li
trong phng ri dng li pht biu: "Lc no l thi im sp ca ngu? Khng phi ch n nm
1976 u? C th nhanh khng phi dn dn u?".
Anh Trng Chihh nu r c im tnh hnh nhim v ca hai min, phn tch cch nh chin
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
lc lng v trang nhn dn Vit Nam ghi lng tc d: "mi mt chin cng, mi mt thnh tch ca
cc lc lng v trang u bt ngun t s lnh o v cng ng n v sng sut ca ng v H
Ch tch, t s thng yu m bc khng b bn ca ng bo ta trong c nc".
Bi pht biu kt thc bng li ha quyt tm: "Cc lc lng v trang nhn dn Vit Nam kin
quyt ging cao l c Quyt thng, hon thnh xut sc mi nhim v ca ng, Nh nc v nhn
dn giao cho trong giai on mi, xng ng vi phn thng cao qu ca Quc hi v Chnh ph,
xng ng vi lng tin cy ca ton ng, ton dn, xng ng vi li biu dng ca Bc H:
"Qun i ta trung vi ng, hiu vi dn, sn sng chin u hy sinh v c lp, t do ca T quc,
v ch ngha x hi. Nhim v no cng hon thnh, kh khn no cng vt qua, k th no cng
nh thng".
Tip theo , trong in vn k nim 30 nm trng thnh v chin thng ca qun i ta, ti
n li lch s v vang ca cc lc lng v trang anh hng di s lnh o ca ng. Ti dnh
phn ln bi din vn quan trng ny cp ti tnh hnh v nhim v trc mt.
V thng li to ln ca nhn dn ta "nh cho M ct" ti ni: "Qun v dn c nc ta chin
thng qun i xm lc khng l ca tn quc u s, ging mt n nng vo vai tr sen m
quc t ca M, bc b cu chuyn hoang ng v sc mnh v ch ca quc M, c v mnh
m phong tro cch mng ca nhn dn ta v ho bnh, c lp dn tc, dn ch v ch ngha x hi".
V tnh hnh cch mng min Nam t khi c Hip nh Paris, ti khng nh:
"Thc t min Nam trong hai nm qua chng t sc mnh chnh ngha ca nhn dn ta l v
ch, thng li ca cch mng min Nam l tt yu. Chng ta nhit lit cho mng thng li to ln
ca ng bo v chin s min Nam v tin tng st rng s nghip cch mng ca nhn dn min
Nam tuy cn lu di, gian kh, quyt lit, nhng nht nh thng li. Min Nam nht nh s hon
ton gii phng; T quc Vit Nam nht nh s thng nht; ng bo Nam Bc nht nh s sum
hp mt nh".
i biu cc qun chng, binh chng qun i nhn dn v dn qun t v, hng ng chnh t,
bc chn rm rp diu qua l i kt thc bui l. Ph Tng Tham mu trng Phng Th Ti c
vinh d ging cao l qun k Quyt thng lp lnh Hun chng Sao Vng, thay mt cc chin s
lm nn trn "in Bin Ph trn khng", dn u cuc diu binh trong ting nhc hng trng,
trong nim tin yu v hn ca hng vn tri tim.
Bc chn hng dng, t ho ca cc chin s ngy hm y cng chnh l nhp bc vng vng
chc thng ca ng bo v chin s c nc trn chng ng tin ti ngy ton thng, di bn tay
vy gi ca Bc H.
***
Ngy hm sau, 23-12-1974, Hi ngh B Chnh tr (m rng) tip tc lm vic.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Lc ny, thc tin chin trng pht trin c phn nhanh hn d kin ca k hoch tc chin
chin lc m B Tng Tham mu trnh by Hi ngh B Chnh tr thng 10-1974.
Trong t tin cng ma kh 1974-1975, qun ta ginh nhiu thng li min ng Nam B v
Khu IX.
Tin chin thng dn dp bay v, khng nh th i ln ca ta, th i xung ca ch.
Ngy 13-12-1974, qun ta tin cng chi khu qun s B ng, yu khu B Na, h thng n bt
trn ng 14, m u chin dch ng 14-Phc Long. Sau 5 ngy chin u c lit, ta chim
c B ng, dit 50 n bt, gii phng 14.000 dn, lm ch 80 km ng 14.
Ngy 20-12, B Tng t lnh nhn in bo co ca anh L c Anh, Ph T lnh Min: "Trn
ng 14, ta giai phng hon ton on t cu 11 gn ng Xoi, n khi B ng gip ranh gii
chi khu Kin c. B ng, Vnh Thin, B Na, ta thu c 4 pho v 7.000 n pho, trn 3.000
sng cc loi, bt trn 300 t binh. S tip tc truy lng".
Ni lo thiu n pho t lu nng trong u ti vi i c mt phn.
Chin trng trn tha thng xng ln khuch trng chin qu. Ngy 27-12, B Tng t lnh
li nhn in ca B T lnh Qun on IV: "Tin cng chi khu ng Xoi lc 5 gi 35 pht ngy
26-12. n 18 gi 30 pht, ta lm ch hon ton chi khu ng Xoi. K tn: Nm Thch".
Nm Thch l b danh ca ng ch Hong Cm, T lnh Qun on IV. Trong nim vui chin
thng, ti nh rt r hnh nh ngi cn b qun s t r phm cht v ti nng ca mnh ngay t
chin dch Trn Hng o (1951). Lc , vi cng v Tiu on trng ca i on 312, anh
c B Tng t lnh khen tng danh hiu "Cn b gng mu" cng vi Tiu on trng Nguyn
Hng Sinh ca i on 308. Trong cng tc cn b, y l mt pht hin chnh xc, i i vi bi
dng thnh cng.
Vi chin cng dit gn chi khu ng Xoi, qun ta hnh thnh th bao vy c lp th x
Phc Long.
Phn ng ca ch yu t. My bay ch ln nm bom, bn ph khng c hiu qu. Qun ch
Phc Long hoang mang cc .
Trong hi ngh, cc anh Phm Hng v Trn Vn Tr kp thi xin kin ca ng ch B th th
nht v Qun u Trung ng cho php gii phng lun Phc Long, c s dng mt i i xe tng
v mt i i pho 130 mm. Anh Ba chp nhn. Ti cng ng .
Ngy 31-12, Qun on IV c tng cng Trung on 16 b binh, hai tiu on pho cao x,
do T lnh Hong Cm trc tip ch huy, m cuc tin cng vo th x Phc Long.
B i ta xung phong nh chim h thng cng s bo v vnh ngoi, dit, chi khu Phc Bnh,
chim ni B R. ch tp trung lc lng, ngoan c chn cc ng tin vo th x. My bay ch
nm bom, bn ph vo i hnh ca qun ta. Qun on quyt nh dng pho bn mnh vo cc
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
t ca ch gim st trm trng. Khi c thi c, thc hin chia ct hn cc ng 14, 19, 21, trng
im l ng 19.
Pht trin u tranh chnh tr trong cc th x. Ra sc xy dng c s t v mt v cc t chc
bit ng, dit c n u s, to th lm ch c s.
- Xy dng lc lng v trang ba th qun, xy dng vng gii phng, xy dng cc ng
chin lc, chin dch, hon thnh mi cng tc chun b cho nhim v tip theo.
Quyt tm chin lc ca ng c c th ho.
Cc c quan Tng hnh dinh theo chc trch ca mnh, hng mi n lc vo chin trng chnh
Ty Nguyn, hng vo mc tiu Bun Ma Thut, khn trng chun b ngy m.
Theo ch th ca B Tng Tham mu, on 232 (tng ng qun on) c thnh lp trn c
s B ch huy tin phng B2 v cc lc lng Min, Qun khu 8 v lc lng ca B mi tng
cng.
c Phien v cc bn Cuba gi cho mt s xe chuyn dng mua ca Nht v i th cho cn
b k thut ca ta sang Nht hc cch s dng, cc on cng binh, Thanh nin xung phong ra sc
m ng. Di s lnh o, ch o trc tip, kin quyt, kp thi ca cc anh inh c Thin,
Phan Trng Tu, ng S Nguyn, mng ng chin lc ng v Ty Trng Sn c xy dng
v cng c, ni lin n Lc Ninh, h thng ng ng dn xng du c hon chnh, qua Ty
Nguyn, Khu 5 vo ti min ng Nam B, sn sng phc v nh ln.
Anh L Ngc Hin i ngay vo Ty Nguyn, chun b k hoch tc chin. B lnh cho anh V
Lng, T lnh Mt trn Ty Nguyn n ngay Bun Ma Thut trc tip nghin cu chin trng.
Ngy 24-1-1975, cc anh Phm Hng, Trn Vn Tr v on cn b B2 cng cp tc ln ng tr
v mt trn ang nng bng.
***
hng s suy ngh v hnh ng ca tin tuyn v hu phng trong thi im quyt nh,
kin quyt y mnh cc mt u tranh, to th, to lc, to thi c cho trn quyt chin chin lc
cui cng, ti dnh thi gian vit mt bi bo nhan : Sc mnh v ch ca chin tranh nhn dn
Vit Nam trong thi i mi.
Theo tinh thn Ngh quyt Hi ngh Trung ng ng ln th 21, cc ngh quyt ca B Chnh
tr v Qun u Trung ng nm 1973, 1974, bi bo phn tch ton din cuc chin u ca nhn dn
ta di s lnh o ca ng, c nh du bng nhng mc thng li ni bt l Cch mng Thng
Tm nm 1945, chin cuc ng Xun 1953-1954 vi chin thng lch s in Bin Ph, v thng
li "nh cho M ct" vi Hip nh Paris thng 1-1973: "Thng li ca nhn dn ta trong 30 nm
qua tht l v i". "Vic gii quyt thnh cng vn chin tranh chnh ngha ca dn tc nh nh
thng k th quc to trong s pht trin n nh cao ca khi ngha ton dn v chin tranh nhn
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
dn Vit Nam ngy nay l mt vn c ngha quyt nh i vi s nghip cch mng ca nhn
dn ta. N nng cao lng tin tng st ca qun v dn ta vo s lnh o ca ng ta, vo tin
tt thng ca dn tc ta. N cho ta nhiu kinh nghim rt qu bu tip tc hon thnh cch
mng dn tc dn ch nhn dn trong c nc, bo v min Bc x hi ch ngha, cng nh chun b
cho cng cuc bo v t nc v lu di nh thng chin tranh xm lc ca mi k th quc,
d chng mnh n u".
i su vo nguyn nhn thng li, bi bo nu bt nhng yu t c bn nh s lnh o ng
n, dng cm ca ng ta, mc ch chnh tr ca chin tranh nhn dn Vit Nam l c lp, t do
v ch ngha x hi, sc mnh ca ton dn nh gic, ca ch x hi mi, lc lng v trang
kiu mi, phng thc tin hnh chin tranh v ngh thut qun s sng to ca chin tranh nhn
dn, iu kin quc t trong thi i mi. Vn dng t tng chin tranh nhn dn vo tnh hnh v
nhim v trc mt, bi bo ch r nhim v ca qun v dn ta trn c hai min Nam Bc, kin
quyt tin ln ginh thng li cui cng.
Cc bo Nhn dn, Qun i nhn dn ng ton vn bi bo trn mt phn trang nht v c
trang hai.
i Ting ni Vit Nam v i pht thanh Gii phng dnh my bui pht thanh c bit truyn
i khp mi min t nc.
***
Thi gian l lc lng. thi im quan trng ny, nim y su sc hn, mnh m hn bao gi
ht. Trong qun s, t tng "chc thng" v t tng "thn tc" thn trng v mnh bo bao gi
cng i i, hi ho, bin chng, ty theo tng tnh hung c th. Cn c vo nh gi so snh lc
lng gia ta v ch, vo thc tin chin trng, vo nhng iu kin ch quan, khch quan c
trong nc v quc t, B Chnh tr h quyt tm chin lc chnh xc, kp thi. Chnh xc v
tri qua cn nhc k lng, nm bt c trng thi i xung ca ch, kh nng pht trin mi ca
ta ngay khi trn chin trng cn ang din ra ging co quyt lit.
T u nm 1973, tri qua hai nm khn trng nghin cu, chun b, nhng suy ngh, gi v
mt k hoch gii phng min Nam pht trin thnh mt quyt tm chnh thc ng vin v t chc
lc lng ca c nc, hon thnh cch mng dn tc, dn ch min Nam trong hai nm 19751976. Bn cnh quyt tm chin lc c bn y, cn c k hoch chin lc tranh th thi c, gii
phng min Nam ngay trong nm 1975, khng ch i.
Khng nhng chnh xc, m quyt tm chin lc ca ng cn rt kp thi, khng th chm
hn, m cng khng th sm hn. Tnh hnh giai on cui cng ca chin tranh bao gi cng din
rt nhanh, khng loi tr t bin. N lc ch quan ca qun v dn ta vi cc mi tin cng ca
chin tranh nhn dn cng lm cho tnh hnh pht trin nhanh, nhiu khi nhanh hn d kin. Thi c
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
chin lc thng xut hin trong thi gian ngn v khng bao gi ng lu mt ch. Phi kp thi
pht hin thi c, nm bt thi c, "chp" thi c ginh thng li cao nht. Va chm li va
nhanh. l ngh thut ch o chin tranh, l nt ti tnh v c o ca ng ta trong nhng ngy
thng cui nm 1974 v u nm 1975.
Quyt tm chin lc ca ng da vng chc trn thnh qu tng hp ca cuc u tranh cch
mng 45 nm qua. Mt nc nh nh " quc to" phi bit ginh thng li tng bc. Thng li
trc to tin cho thng li sau. Cng v sau, thng li cng to ln.
Suy ngh v kt thc chin tranh c hnh dung ngay t lc khi u.
Quyt tm chin lc y cn l kt qu ca s chun b chin lc ht sc ch ng, dng cm,
sng to, cng phu, kin tr bn b c v chnh tr, qun s, ngoi giao, v con ngi v v kh,
phng tin, c s vt cht, k thut, v th trn v lng ngi, sn xut v chin u, kinh t v
quc phng, giao thng v vn chuyn, chun b bng tim lc ca c hu phng v tin tuyn, m
thm v si ng sut bao thng, bao nm.
Lc ny, mt khi c quyt tm chin lc chnh xc, kp thi th vic t chc thc hin li ht
sc khn trng. Khng th i bng nhng bc bnh thng, m l bay, l chy. Chy ua vi thi
gian. Chy ua vi ch. Phi vt qua nhng kh khn, tr ngi trn ng tin ti thng li.
"nh cho M ct", nay l lc ging n quyt nh chin lc "nh cho ngu nho ", nh t
tng qun s ca Bc H.
C nc ra trn. Tt c cho min Nam rut tht.
Ch thch:
(1) Phng 70 l c quan tp trung mi ngun tin ca Cc Qun bo chn lc, phn tch, tng
hp, bo co ln cp trn.
V Nguyn Gip
TNG HNH DINH TRONG MA XUN TON THNG
Chng 5
N IM HUYT
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
B th. V ch huy, B Tng t lnh trc tip ch huy chung c qun khu v qun on, khng thnh
lp b ch huy thng nht.
Lc ny, on cn b qun s i hc Lin X hon thnh kho hc. Nhng cn b c kinh
nghim nh ln va c trang b thm kin thc tc chin hip ng qun, binh chng c phn
v cc n v ch lc Anh Nguyn Hu An lm T lnh Qun on II. Anh L Hu c c c
lm Cc trng Cc Tc chin, thay anh V Lng c b nhim lm T lnh mt trn Ty Nguyn.
u thng 2, Qun u Trung ng ph chun k hoch tc chin ca Tr - Thin. Cc ng ch
trong B T lnh qun khu v Qun on II ra H Ni chnh thc nhn mnh lnh. Ngy 28-2-1975,
ng ch Thanh Qung, thay mt B T lnh Qun khu Tr - Thin v ng ch Hong an, thay mt
B T lnh Qun on II ra B bo co quyt tm cui cng. Qun chng Phng khng - Khng
qun c giao nhim v cho trc thng n cc ng ch ra ng Hi, t y a ra Th bng
my bay YAK 40.
Cc ng ch c mt rt ng gi ti Tng hnh dinh.
Cng d nghe bo co vi ti, c cc anh L Trng Tn, L Hu c. Vi tinh thn phn chn,
cc ng ch trnh by k hoch tc chin vi nhng mc tiu, nhim v cn cao hn c nhng mc
tiu, nhim v c giao.
Nghe bo co xong, ti hi:
- Th nu thi c thun li, cc ng ch c k hoch pht trin tin cng gii phng Tr Thin - Hu cha?
ang c tm trng phn khi, hai ng ch bng ho ra lng tng. Ti hi thm:
- K hoch c bn nh th ny l c. Nhng cc ng ch phi lm ngay mt k hoch pht
trin tin cng khi thi c thun li, m mc tiu ca n l gii phng Tr - Thin - Hu. Cc ng
ch r cha?
Sau giy pht ng ngng, nt mt hai ng ch ti hn ln. C hai ng ch ng thanh tr li:
R!
V thi gian m mn chin dch, cc ng ch ngh cho lui thi gian chun b thm nm ngy,
tc l n ht ngy 9-3. Va nghe my ting "9-3", anh Tn ng pht dy ni ngay, ging gay gt:
- Trong chin dch ln c ngha chin lc, hip ng nhiu chin trng m cc ng ch
mun bt u tin cng ngy no cng c hay sao? Cc ng ch li li th ch a s d d b
chin lc ln nam Ty Nguyn, hng chnh ca ta s b v, cuc Tng tin cng s i n u?
bao nhiu ln mi cc ng ch ra hp, bao nhiu phi vin vo ph bin k hoch, bao nhiu in
nhc nh m cc ng ch khng hiu sao?
C th, anh Tn ni i ni li n gn nm pht.
Hai ng ch mt.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
lng.
***
Theo di hnh trnh ca on A75, B Tng t lnh bit ton on hnh qun b mt, an ton,
n giao tha Ia rng, n Ty Nguyn vo u nm mi m lch. Khi ti S ch huy on 559,
anh inh c Thin quay tr li Qung Bnh, ch thn n c vic vn chuyn n vo Ty
Nguyn. Mi yu cu ca chin dch u c anh ng S Nguyn v B T lnh on 559 bo
m rt tch cc: go, n, xng, xe u . ng ra mt trn cht nch xe vn ti nghn nght chy
sut ngy m. c thm nhiu on ng mi ang thi cng, mt s cng on xng cuc
c thay bng my mc do Cuba gi gip.
Nh thng nht t trc lc khi hnh, va n S ch huy ca c quan i din Qun u
Trung ng v B Tng t lnh t ty th x Bun Ma Thut, anh Vn Tin Dng thay mt Qun
u Trung ng cng b quyt nh thnh lp B T lnh mt trn Ty Nguyn, gm cc ng ch:
Hong Minh Tho, T lnh; ng V Hip. Chnh u; V Lng, Nguyn Nng, Nguyn Lang, Phan
Hm, Ph T lnh; Ph Triu Hm, Ph Chnh u.
Thng v Khu uy Khu 5 c anh Bi San, u vin Thng v Khu u, cng mt s cn b i
din cc ngnh bn cnh ng u v B T lnh chin dch ch o trc tip ba tnh Gia Lai,
Kon Tum, c Lc, huy ng mi tim lc ca a phng phc v chin dch Ty Nguyn.
Lc ny, c mt tnh hnh khng thun khin cho k hoch nh thng vo th x Bun Ma Thut
ngay t u chin dch khng thc hin c. l vic b tr lc lng ta chin trng Ty
Nguyn c khc vi d kin ca c quan chin lc. S on 10 v nhiu n v khc c cc
ng ch ch huy ti ch b tr t c Lp n c Soong trn ng 14 theo trc y l nh
m thng hnh lang vn chuyn chin lc vo Nam B. Anh Dng in ra cho bit nu iu chnh
li i hnh th s rt phc tp, va mt thi gian, va d l b mt. V vy, cc anh trong quyt
nh c thc hin nh c Lp, ng thi ci th bao vy, c lp Bun Ma Thut. nh xong c
Lp ri, s lp tc iu S on 10 v mt s n v v ngay tham gia nh Bun Ma Thut.
14 gi ngy 25-2-1975, ti in cho anh Vn Tin Dng:
"Ti nhn c in ngy 17-2 ca anh. Cha nm c y tnh hnh c th, ch gp vi
anh mt s kin, sau khi trao i c th vi anh Su (1):
1. Anh cn nhc tnh hnh c th quyt nh theo tinh thn trao i trc khi anh i. Nn
lm n theo phng n nh (2) ra bo co hoc theo mt phng n khc, mnh bo gii quyt A2
(3), trc nu ch y tng i s h, ta c iu kin ginh bt ng, tiu dit ch, tip nhanh
chng pht trin thng li.
2. D theo phng n no cng cn tranh th bt ng cao , bo m trn u thng gin gi, c
d kin, c k hoch pht trin thng li kp thi, dit c tht nhiu sinh lc ch ng thi gii
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
3. Cho kim tra k hoch chi vin hu cn, bo m cho c chi vin y u ca trong trng
hp ch tng cng nh hnh lang.
K tn: Chin".
Lc ny, c mt tnh tit ng nh:
Chp hnh nh ca B, Qun khu 5 c Ph T lnh V Th vo Bnh nh iu S on 3 ln
ct t ng 19. Cc ng ch a phng cha tht thng, ngh ch a mt trung on i lm
nhim v y.
Thy vy, anh Chu Huy Mn lp tc chng gy vo can thip. C lnh ca T lnh kim Chnh
u qun khu, a phng mi ng iu S on 3. Qun khu cng iu lun c trung on pho
ca qun khu cng vi S on 3 ln ct ng 19, thc hin nhim v chia ct chin lc c
ngha rt quan trng trong din bin chin s sau ny.
Cc bc thc hin chin dch Ty Nguyn pht trin thun li. Qua nm tnh hnh v khai thc
tin ca ch, c quan tc chin bo co:
Ngy 25-2-1975, ta tng cng hot ng nghi binh.
S on 968 dit hai c im ch trn ng 19 pha ty Pleiku v bn vo sn bay C Hanh.
Ngy 4-3, Trung on 95A v S on 3 (Qun khu 5) tiu dit mt lot v tr, ct ng 19
An Kh. ch cho bit ng ra d tm v bn pho vo ch nghi c qun ta.
m 5-3, Trung on 25 ct ng 21 pha ng Ch Cc, dit mt on xe 80 chic. Ty
Nguyn bc u b c lp vi ng bng.
Tin tc t chin trng bo v: Ngy 6-3, mt tiu i trng thng tin ca ta b thng ri vo
tay ch, mang theo trong ngi cun s nht k. Mi ngi lo lng tuy c bit ng ch y b
thng nng, phi ca chn, cn m man bt tnh, ch cha khai thc c g.
Ngy 7-3, qun ta dit c im Ch X (bc Bun H) trn ng 14.
Ngy 8-3, Trung on 48, S on 320 nh chim chi khu qun s Thun Mn.
Ngy 9-3, S on 10 n sng nh chim qun l c Lp. Trn hng bc, ta tiu dit qun l
Thanh An, p st, uy hip th x Pleiku.
Th chin lc bao vy, chia ct, c lp Bun Ma Thut c ci xong.
***
Chin trng Ty Nguyn chuyn mnh, si ng.
Trn tin cng c Lp v tuyn phng th lin hon gm nm c im trn ng 14 pha ty
nam Bun Ma Thut ca S on 10 v Trung on 40 pho binh y ch y vo tnh th nguy
ngp. Cc cn c Ni La, cn c 23 ca ch ln lt b tiu dit. ch dn lc lng vo qun l
ngoan c chng c. S on 10 phi dng li cng c lc lng ri tip tc tin cng, n hm sau
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
mi dt im.
Trc tnh hnh nguy khn, Phm Vn Ph, T lnh Vng II chin thut bay n Bun Ma Thut
hp vi S ph S on 23 nguy v Tnh trng c Lc. Ph nhn nh: c Lp khng cn kh
nng cu vn, khng cn tng vin na. Trc mt, Trung on 53 c gng gi cho c ng ba c
Sc. Nu ngy hm sau tnh hnh kh hn, s phn kch ly li c Lp. Trng hp khng tr ni
th c php t di tn v hu c. "Cng sn" nh Qung c, uy hip Bun Ma Thut ch nghi
binh to iu kin cho vi ngy ti s tp trung lc lng nh vo Kon Tum - Pleiku. Do vy, vic
chnh hin nav l tng cng mi kh nng i ph vi ch trng im l Kon Tum v Pleiku.
n thi im ny, qun ngu vn khng bit nh v hng tin cng ca qun ta. Chng cho
rng ta uy hip Bun Ma Thut l nghi binh nh Pleiku v Kon Tum; nh c Lp l m
thng ng vo Nam B. T , chng lo i ph vi ta hng bc Ty Nguyn, rt bt lc
lng nam Ty Nguyn ln tng vin cho Pleiku. Ph vn c quyt: Nht nh Pleiku l hng ch
yu, v S on 320 ca "Vit cng" vn cn S on 10 "Vit cng" vn c T - Tn Cnh.
Bun Ma Thut cng s c hot ng phi hp bng c cng pho kch, nhng khng phi l
hng chnh.
Hot ng ca qun ta trn cc hng nhp nhng n khp. K hoch nghi binh chin lc thc
hin rt thnh cng. Trong cuc u tr u tin, b tham mu ch phm sai lm. Bun Ma Thut
s h li cng thm s h.
Trong lc Qun on II ngu ra sc chun b i ph vi ch lc ta bc Ty Nguyn, th vo
lc 1 gi 55 pht sng 10-3-1975, trn Bun Ma Thut bt u. Trung on c cng 198 cng mt
b phn pho ci n sng tin cng, nh chim sn bay ln thng Ng Su, cm kho Mai Hc ,
sn bay Ho Bnh. Pho binh ta t cc trn a xung quanh Bun Ma Thut bn ph mnh lit hu c
S on 23, S ch huy tiu khu c Lc, khu doanh tri pho binh, thit gip ca ch trong th x.
Bun Ma Thut, tnh l tnh c Lc, l trung tm chnh tr, kinh t, vn ho ca Ty Nguyn, c
v tr quan trng v qun s. Th x nm trn ng ba ng chin lc s 21 ni vi ng s 1 i
Nha Trang v ng s 14, pha bc ln Pleiku, pha nam xung min ng Nam B. Dn s
khong 96.000 ngi. ch b tr y khong 8.400 tn, gm mt trung on b binh, hai chi on
thit gip, hai tiu on pho binh, S ch huy S on 23, Lin on bit ng 21 cng cc lc
lng bo an, cnh st v cc cn c Trung on 45 b binh, Trung on 8 thit gip, Trung on
222 pho binh, vi hai sn bay l sn bay th x v sn bay Ho Bnh.
Chn mc tiu tin cng ch yu l Bun Ma Thut, B thng soi ti cao d kin s lm o
ln hon ton th phng ng ca ch Ty Nguyn, rung chuyn ton chin trng min Nam bng
mt n im huyt.
Mi t m sng, B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng nhn c in ca anh Vn Tin Dng:
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
"Ngy 10-3-1975, ta nh Bun Ma Thut. Tnh hnh din bin th no, c nhn xt g ln, ti
s in tip. Chng ti vn kho. Anh Thin vo 559 tr lc tch cc cho chin dch ny. Mi yu
cu u c gng bo m. Qun no, lc lng ln, v kh trang b y , tinh thn phn chn, kh
th cao. Cha bao gi mnh v nh tp trung ln y nh nm nay. Chc cc anh trong B Chnh
tr v Qun u Trung ng mnh kho.
K tn: Tun".
Chin dch Ty Nguyn m mn. Ti trc tip ch tr cc cuc giao ban hng ngy ca B
Tng Tham mu.
D giao ban thng c cc anh Hong Vn Thi, L Trng Tn, Trn Qu Hai, Vng Tha V,
Trn Sm, Trn Vn Quang, Cao Vn Khnh, Phng Th Ti. Anh Phm Ngc Mu, Ph Ch nhim
Tng cc Chnh tr v anh V Xun Chim, Ph Ch nhim Tng cc Hu cn cng thng c mt.
Sng 10-3, trong cuc giao ban thng l S ch huy "Nh con rng", mi ngi phn khi n
tin chin thng u tin: Ta gii quyt xong qun l c Lp, c Soong. Ni La, m thng
hnh lang chin lc Bc Nam. Trn Bun Ma Thut bt u t rng sng hm nay, ang pht
trin thun li.
Cc c quan Tng hnh dinh hot ng khn trng. Cn b tc chin, thng tin, c yu lm vic
thu m sut sng. Thng tn x Vit Nam, B Ngoi giao, Cc Qun bo, Cc Tuyn hun khai
thc kp thi tin tc cng khai ca ch v ca phng Ty. Tt ca u nhm gip B thng soi ti
cao nhn nh, phn on, nh gi tnh hnh iu hnh chin tranh tng giy tng pht.
Tin t nhiu ngun ti tp bo v. Ti sn bay Ng Su, Trung on 198 c cng dit cc mc
tiu quan trng trong sn bay, pht trin nh chim khu cnh st, bnh vin d chin, to hnh lang
thng sut ca ng ng Bc th x Bun Ma Thut. Cc chin s c cng nhanh chng dit s
ch huy khu kho Mai Hc , m ca hng ty bc, chun b ng tin nh cn c S on 23
ngu.
Cc n v b binh, xe tng, thit gip tranh th vt sng Srpc, vo chim lnh cc trn a
xut pht tin cng, hnh thnh nm mi nht t tin cng vo th x.
Cuc chin u khu vc Ng Su din ra quyt lt. Trung on 95B nh bi cuc phn cng
ca ch c xe tng v khng qun chi vin.
6 gi 30 pht sng ngy 10-3, di s ym h ca pho binh chin dch, cc chin s S on
316 nh chim cc mc tiu trong th x Bun Ma Thut. Trn hng ty bc, qun ta tin cng
khu thng tin, khu vn ti, p st hu c S on 23 ngu.
hng ng bc th x, b binh ta c xe tng i cng tin cng tiu khu c Lc, n 15 gi ta
chim c tiu khu.
hng nam, qun ta tin cng cc mc tiu qun s v qun l Ho Bnh.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
Khng kh phn khi, tin tng, quyt tm bao trm c quan Tng hnh dinh.
Lc ny, nm tnh hnh ch l trng tm cng tc ca c quan chin lc. Ti ch th mc cho
ng ch Trng phng 70 Cc Qun bo mt my in thoi nh ring v dn ng ch th k t
nay khi no c tin k thut th d ti u, lm g, ngay c khi ang hp B Chnh tr, cng phi bo
ngay. Hng ngy, c 4 gi 30 sng, phi gi in cho ng ch Thanh hi xem c tin tc g mi trong
m.
***
T ch phn on sai lm, ch bt u tnh ra v b ng i ph.
Tin cho bit Nguyn Vn Thiu c nh da vo cc lc lng cn li v cc im ph cn
Bun Ma Thut, iu thm lc lng b binh c khng qun ym tr, t chc phn kch chim li
th x. Chin on 45 cng s ch huy c bn ca S on 23 ngu b bng trc thng xung
Bun H tra ngy 11-3. Khng qun ngu ang c huy ng mc cao.
12 gi ngy 12-3, Qun u in tip cho anh Dng, ng gi anh Hong Minh Tho v Thng
v ng u B3.
"ch ang c nh da vo cc lc lng cha b tiu dit ca chng v cc im ph cn,
tng thm lc lng phi hp vi khng qun tin hnh phn kch hng chim li Bun Ma Thut.
V vy, vic cp thit nht l nhanh chng tp trung lc lng hn na, nhanh chng tiu dit cc
n v v cc cn c ca ch chung quanh Bun Ma Thut, tiu dit vin binh ca chng. Tiu
dit c b phn quan trng sinh lc ca ch chung quanh Bun Ma Thut s c ngha quyt
nh i vi s pht trin ca chin dch. ng thi ch o mi cng tc hot ng trn cc hng
pht trin d nh: Cheo Reo, Pleiku v ng 19. Ch khai thc t binh phc v cho tc chin
v binh vn. Chc thng to. K tn: Chin".
ng thi, ti ch th B Tng Tham mu in cho Khu 5, Tr - Thin v Qun on II thng bo
ni dung cuc hp ca B Chnh tr ngy hm trc (11-3), hng dn phng hng hot ng tip
theo ca cc chin trng l cn khn trng, mnh bo, kp thi tranh th iu kin thun li ginh
thng li to ln hn. Theo nhng hng d kin, da vo quyt tm c bn ra, kp thi pht
trin mt cch kin quyt. Ht sc coi trng tiu dit tht nhiu sinh lc ch trong khi chng rt
chy hoc trong khi chng a qun n tip vin.
***
Nhng ngy thng ba si ng.
tr thnh l thng, cc anh trong B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng thng n Tng
hnh dinh d giao ban, nghe B Tng Tham mu bo co tnh hnh chin s, trao i kin ch o
kp thi. Ring ti, ngoi nhng gi lm vic ban ngy, thng l thng tm khng ngh tra, ti no
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
cng vo S ch huy bng li ca ty, lm vic v ng lun ti y. Phn khi xua tan mi mt. Tit
xun nao nc lng ngi. Quyn ch ng chin lc gip cho c quan lnh o, ch huy thm bnh
tnh, sng sut, linh hot, ngc li vi k ch ang trong th b ng, tuyt vng, ri m.
Trong bui giao ban sng 13-3, B Tng Tham mu bo co: C kh nng ch tp trung lc
lng ca chng cn li Ty Nguyn v Pleiku, cng c th chng buc phi rt chy khi Ty
Nguyn. D trong tnh hung no, ta cng phi thc hin cho bng c v thc hin tht nhanh
quyt tm tiu dit ch, gii phng hon ton Ty Nguyn.
Bui giao ban tin hnh nhanh, gn. Thi gian l lc lng, khng th lng ph. Ti in ngay
cho anh Dng:
"Trng hp ch b tiu dit mt b phn sinh lc ln, mt th x Bun Ma Thut v nhiu qun
l, vic chia ct chin lc ng s 19 thc hin tt th c kh nng chng tp trung cc lc lng
cn li B3 v Pleiku, cng nn ngh n kh nng chng buc phi thc hin rt lui chin lc. V
vy, cn bao vy ngay Pleiku bng cc th ho lc, k c cc loi pho cao x, trit ng tip t ca
ch, chun b tiu dit ch trong c hai tnh hung: ch co cm Pleiku, hoc rt chy khi Ty
Nguyn. K tn: Vn".
Bc in c chuyn lc 9 gi sng.
Hm sau, anh L Trng Tn gi in cho ti bo co tin k thut mi nht Cc 2 va nhn c:
Tnh hnh Pleiku, Kon Tum rt hn lon. ch t cc kho tng. Dn ht hong. Thiu bay ra Cam
Ranh nghe Ph bo co tnh hnh, c Cao Vn Vin, Trn Thin Khim v ng Vn Quang cng
d. Nghe xong, Thiu ni: Qun vin b cp. n v tin thiu. ch nh mnh. Kon Tum - Pleiku,
t ngi, kinh t khng c. Cho rt qun v gi vng vng duyn hi. L trnh rt c chp thun l
lin tnh l 7.
Ti trao i vi anh Tn:
- ch rt b Pleiku - Kon Tum r rt. Chng s a lc lng xung co cm gia ng bng
Khu 5, Hu v Nng. Tnh hnh s pht trin nhanh. Anh in ngay cho anh Dng bit.
Nhn c cc bc in dn dp gi vo, anh Vn Tin Dng v B T lnh Ty Nguyn rt
ng tnh. Cc anh lp tc ra lnh cho cc hng hnh thnh bao vy v t chc nh ch. Tuy vy,
khng phi ai cng nhy bn trc tnh hnh din bil qu nhanh. Sau ny c bit lc by gi, c
mt s cn b chin trng ngh khc. C ng ch ni vi anh V Lng, Ph T lnh mt trn
Ty Nguyn: "Lm g c chuyn ch rt Pleiku"(!).
***
C nc hng v min Nam.
Bo hng ngy ht ngay t sng sm. Trong cc gi pht thanh thi s, hu nh mi gia nh u
ngi bn my thu thanh. Cc bn tin nhanh ca Thng tn x Vit Nam, mc d tng thm mi
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
ri Pleiku bng trc thng vi l do v trng coi s ch huy mi Nha Trang, b mc Tt cng ton
b binh s ngu Vng II chin thut i vo ci cht!
Tin tc sau ny cn cho bit:
Trong khi ngu quyn Si Gn ang bn b vc thm, bo ch M v Si Gn a tin mt phi
on ca Quc hi M bay sang Si Gn xem xt ti ch, c nn vin tr b sung cho Thiu 800
triu la na hay khng? Phi on do thng ngh s Diuy Bclt (Dewey F. Bartlett) v dn biu
Gin Phlin (John J. Flynt) dn u, gm tm ngi thuc hai ng Cng ho v Dn ch cng mt t
nhn vin tham mu v mt v.
Chnh quyn Si Gn b tr mt chng trnh lch s, chu o cc ngh s M i khp ni, k
c n xem cc "chung cp" Cn Sn v gp phi on "Vit cng" sn bay Tn Sn Nht.
Sau my ngy xem xt, tip xc, thi ca phi on Quc hi M khng my thun li i vi
Thiu.
Tr hai trng on, cc thnh vin cn li ca phi on dng nh dng dng trc cnh
"thp t nht sinh" ca ch Si Gn. Dng dng, ngo mn, khng h c mt thi thn hu
no n mc Nguyn Vn Thiu khng t km ch c mnh, but mm ni trong bui d tic
chiu ngy 1-3 ti dinh c Lp:
"Vn rt li thnh mt cu hi n gin l liu nhng li ha ca M cn gi tr na hay
khng? Li ni ca M c nn tin na hay khng? l thng ip ti mun cc ngi chuyn ti
Quc hi Hoa K".
Tht vng v cay ng, Thiu ni thm:
"Ti xin c php khen ngi nhng ngi bn chn chnh v quan im ng n ca h, v ti
cng xin c php nhc li y cu ni y ngha: qu tng l quan trng nhng cch trao tng
li cng quan trng hn".
D tic ngy 1-3 l ba tic ln cui cng dinh c Lp. Cay ng thay cho Nguyn Vn
Thiu, y khng ch l cch tng qu, m ngay c "mn qu" t i chng thm vo u, sau cng
khng c nt?
Ch thch:
(1) Anh L c Th.
(2) Cn b tc chin c c vo theo di trn Bun Ma Thut.
(3) Bun Ma Thut.
(4) ng ch Hong Vn Thi.
(5) ng ch L Trng Tn.
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
thng li hon ton trong nm 1975, kin quyt nm bt thi c, thng cng nhanh cng tt.
Hi ngh cng quan tm n tnh hnh Nam B. Theo bo co ca B2, bt u t ngy N (10-31975) tch cc phi hp vi Ty Nguyn, ton chin trng ng lot tin cng v ni dy. T Khu
6 n C Mau, k c vng ven cc th, b i ch lc, b i a phng, dn qun du kch phi
hp vi phong tro ni dy ca qun chng nhn dn, ginh thng li gin gi. khu vc Si Gn Gia nh, lc lng ca thnh i v cc i c cng, bit ng bt u hot ng mnh. ng
bng sng Cu Long, qun v dn ta si ni nh ph k hoch "bnh nh" ca ch, t nhiu kt
qu.
Hi ngh lm vic khn trng, ho hng, phn khi, k c trong gi ngh. ng ch B th th
nht khng nh ch b my ci bt ng: bt ng v khng ph c Hip nh Paris m cn b ta
kin quyt nh li; bt ng v k hoch v quy m tc chin ca ta; bt ng v hng tin cng
chin lc; bt ng trc s suy yu ca chng. V bc pht trin tip theo, ng ch nu kin
phi nh cho ch suy yu ngay trong qu trnh co cm, ngay khi chng cn b phn tn trn cc
hng Khu 5, min ng Nam B v ng bng sng Cu Long. Phi to c ba qu m: ch lc,
nng thn v th. nh Si Gn l kh, phi to c bt ng, phi s dng nhiu s on ch lc
tiu dit qun ch lc ch. ng ch khng qun nhc n mi tin cng binh vn, phi to cho
c binh bin.
B Chnh tr h quyt tm chuyn cuc tin cng chin lc thnh cuc Tng tin cng chin
lc, hon thnh k hoch hai nm (1975-1976) ngay trong nm 1975. Phng hng tin cng
chin lc ch yu c xc nh l Si Gn. Trc mt, nhanh chng tin cng tiu dit bng c
ton b lc lng ch trong Vng I chin thut, t Qung Tr n Qung Ngi, gii phng Hu -
Nng. Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh chu trch nhim t chc thc hin quyt tm chin
lc y.
Mt ln na, t duy qun s khoa hc ca B thng soi ti cao a n mt quyt nh chin
lc dng cm v chnh xc. Trong tnh hnh qun ta nh mnh, y ch vo th b ng, tht bi,
lin tip phm sai lm v chin lc v suy sp nhanh chng, th chin tranh nhn dn ca ta mnh
ln ton din tng gi, tng pht, th thi gian n nh trong k hoch hai nm khng cn ph hp
na. Li dng thi c, y mnh tin cng trong khi ngha v trang v chin tranh cch mng l
mt vn tr thhh truyn thng ca ngh thut qun s Vit Nam.
Hi ngh B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng ngy 18-3 quyt nh rt kp thi, khn trng
chuyn hn sang phng n thi c.
***
Ngay chiu hm y, ti vo Ninh Bnh trc tip giao nhim v cho Qun on I. Cng i c ng
ch L Trng Tn, Ph Tng Tham mu trng v ng ch L Quang Ho, Ph Ch nhim Tng
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
cho B T lnh Qun khu IV chuyn cc lc lng v trang v nhn dn t Thanh Ho n Qung
Tr vo t th sn sng chin u cao, ra sc chi vin sc ngi, sc ca cho min Nam trong cuc
Tng tin cng chin lc. Vn l mt trong nhng trung i trng ri i i trng ca i Vit
Nam Tuyn truyn gii phng qun t nhng ngy u gian kh, ng ch T lnh Qun khu IV
phn khi n nhn nhim v mi, ha quyt tm hon thnh vt mc, xng ng l qun khu hu
phng tip gip trc tip vi min Nam. ng ch m Quang Trung nay khng cn na, nhng
thi si ni, nhit tnh ca ng ch cn ng mi trong ti.
***
Va v ti Tng hnh dinh, ti gi ngay cho anh Vn Tin Dng mt bc in m ni dung
hnh thnh sn trong u t trn ng i, thng bo nhn nh ca B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung
ng v thng li to ln c ngha chin lc ca ta, v co cm chin lc ca ch, m mu
ca chng tp trung lc lng to th b tr phng ng vng Si Gn v ng bng sng Cu
Long, trc mt c th Nng v Cam Ranh, hy vng nn n ch mt gii php chnh tr hoc
gii php chia ct mt phn lnh th min Nam Vit Nam. V vy, ta cn tranh th thi gian cao ,
khn trng hnh ng ht sc bt ng, ht sc to bo, ng thi bo m chc thng. Theo tinh
thn , B Chnh tr cn nhc mi mt v h quyt tm thc hin Phng n 1. y l phng n
d kin t trc, a phn ln lc lng Ty Nguyn pht trin vo hng ch yu l min
ng Nam B, ng thi m rng vng gii phng ng bng Khu 5 vi lc lng hin c ca
Qun khu 5, c th tng cng S on 968 v binh kh k thut. Bc in cng thng bo: anh Tn
s gp anh Dng, anh Nm Cng v cc anh B2 ra bo co c th quyt tm mi ca B Chnh
tr v gp thm kin xy dng k hoch thc hin!(2)
***
Sng 20-3 c tin do Trung on k thut 75, va thu c: Hi 13 gi 30 pht ngy 19-3, Thiu
gi cho Ng Quang Trng bc in ni dung nh sau: "V eo hp v phng tin khng - hi qun,
ch cho php ym tr c mt enclave (3). Vy hy mener(4) tr hon chin v tuyn Hi Vn". Th
l ch quyt nh b Tr - Thin - Hu v gi Nng.
Cc Tc chin bo co: ngy 19-3, qun ta tin cng gii phng th x v ton b tnh Qung Tr.
Tuyn phng th pha bc ca ch b ph v mt mng ln.
ch co v gi phng tuyn sng M Chnh. Sau khi trao i vi cc anh Hong Vn Thi v L
Trng Tn, ti h quyt tm m trn tin cng ln, tiu dit tp on phng ng Tha Thin - Hu.
Ti ch th cho B Tng Tham mu n c Qun khu Tr - Thin gp rt a lc lng xung ng
bng, lnh cho Qun on II nhanh chng ct t ng s 1, khng cho ch rt v co cm
Nng. Qun khu Tr - Thin v Qun on II phi khn trng nh chn, chia ct, tiu dit cho
c ton b S on 1 ngu v cc lc lng khc, thu ton b trang b ca chng, gii phng hon
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
ch, tp trung mi nhn nh Thiu. Nm v khai thc nhng nhm, c nhn s quan tin b
phc v cho yu cu qun s, chnh tr, binh ch vn".
***
Theo li khai ca t binh v cc t liu c cng b sau ny, tnh hnh ni b ngu lc ny thc
s l mt mn kch mang tnh bi hi.
Trc thm ho Ty Nguyn v nguy c Hu, Nng b uy hip, ngy 18-3, Nguyn Vn
Thiu triu tp cc c vn thn cn ra Nng hp cp tc, ni l bn gii quyt vn ngi t
nn. Thc ra, cuc hp chuyn sang i ph vi vn khng khip hn: nn b hay nn gi
Qun khu I.
Nghe Ng Quang Trng bo co cuc tin cng ca "Vit cng" vo Hu v Nng sp n ra,
c to u sn tc gy! t nng bng di chn. Th l sau nhng li ha hn chung chung,
Thiu cng "kp" vi v chun ngay, ni l vo Si Gn bn bc cho c an ton.
Cuc hp li tip tc ti dinh c Lp. Trn Thin Khim nu kin: kh c th gi Hu v
Nng cng mt lc. Tt hn ht l b mt trong hai. Trn Vn Hng cho rng khng th gi c Hu
v Nng v qu tn km. Cn Ng Quang Trng th ngh: v ng s 1 b ct, khng th
khai thng c, cn t chc ba im phng th cm c vi "Vit cng" l Hu, Nng v Chu
Lai.
K hoch ca Trng c Thiu chp nhn, v khng c cch no khc. Trng bay v S ch
huy Qun khu I.
Hm sau, 20-3, Trng ra Hu. i pht thanh Hu a tin: "Tng thng Nguyn Vn Thiu ra
lnh phng th thnh ph Hu bng mi gi". Trng cng th tht: "Ti s cht vi c xa. Vit
cng phi bc qua xc ti mi vo c Hu". Y khng qun hp cc nhn s trn an d lun.
V y in xin B Tng Tham mu ngu trin khai L on khng qun s 1.
Mi vic hon tt ng theo bi bn.
Th nhng, khi va t chn xung Nng, Trng khng tin mt mnh na khi c bc
in ca Cao Vn Vin chuyn lnh ca tng thng: "Qun on I trin khai lc lng phng th
Nng m thi. L on khng qun s 1 c lnh chuyn vo Si Gn?"
Chong vng v tht vng, Trng gi in cho Vin ngh gii thch, th c tr li vn tt:
"Hi Tng thng Thiu". Hoang mang cc , Trng m i. Si Gn vn ra r pht i tin tng
thng ku gi "gi Hu bng mi gi!". Lc ny, cc vin chc ngu quyn khng ai cn bng d
no chy n i Si Gn thay i ni dung!
***
Nhng ngy ny, ti lun ti Tng hnh dinh, khng v nh ring, d hai ni ch cch nhau vi
trm mt. Trong phng lm vic, cc ng ch cng v k thm mt chic ging con. Ngoi cc
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
An v ca T Hin.
Sng 25-3, qun ta tin cng khu cng Tn M - Thun An, tiu dit v nh tan r ton b cc
lc lng ch rt chy ang dn tc y. Cc mi tin cng khc ca qun ch lc, qun a
phng tin vo thnh ph. Phi hp vi qun chng ni dy, ngy 26-3, qun ta gii phng hon
ton c Hu. L c cch mng na na xanh vi ngi sao vng nm cnh tung bay trn nh
ct c trc Ng Mn.
Thng li nhanh, gn ca trn Tr - Thin - Hu, trn then cht tiu dit v lm tan r S on 1
tng c coi l s on thin chin ca qun ngu, gii phng c , l mt chin thng vang di,
ging mt n nng vo m mu co cm chin lc ca ch vng ven bin min Trung, uy hip
nghim trng Nng, y qun ngu vo th nguy khn, suy sp khng g cu vn ni.
Qun u Trung ng gi in khen b i Qun khu Tr - Thin v Qun on II:
"Vic nh chim v gii phng thnh ph Hu v tnh Tha Thin l thng li c ngha chin
lc v chnh tr rt ln. Chin cng lm cho nhn dn c nc nc lng phn khi, lm cho ch
suy yu thm mt bc mi ht sc nghim trng. Cc ng ch gp phn lm rng r truyn
thng u tranh anh dng ca qun v dn c nc ta".
***
Thc hin quyt tm ca B Chnh tr, ngy 26-3, B Tng t lnh c anh Gip Vn Cng lm
phi vin ca B vo hng Nng trc chun b. Ti triu tp cc ng ch L Trng Tn, T
lnh mt trn Qung va c ch nh, Nguyn B Pht, T lnh Hi qun, Cao Vn Khnh,
Ph Tng tham mu trng, Phan Bnh, Cc trng Qun bo, L Hu c, Cc trng Tc chin
v mt s ng ch khc bn k hoch tin cng Nng.
Vn l mt cn b ch huy giu kinh nghim, anh Tn chun b sn mt phng n tc chin.
Vo cuc hp, ti hi:
- nh Nng, c th din ra mt trong hai tnh hung: mt l ch rt chy, hai l chng co
cm, "t th". Vy ta nn nh nh th no?
Anh Tn tr li:
- Hin nay, ch b tr phng ng chun b "t th" y. Ta phi t chc hip ng binh chng
tin cng, bo m chc thng. Cn c nm ngy hp ng u, tp kt b i v t chc hip
ng binh chng, chun b chin u.
Anh Tn tri ln bn mt tm bn ln, trn ln k hoch tin cng theo phng n
chun b nm ngy, vi nhng mi tn rt to mu th hin cc hng tin cng, nhng trn a
ho lc c khoanh tng cm hng vo cc mc tiu qun s trong thnh ph v vng ln cn.
Trong khi mi ngi ng quanh bn si ni mn m, trao i, ti li suy ngh khc hn.
ch ku gi "t th", nhng tnh hnh c th din bin t ngt, kh nng ch rt vn tn ti. Vy
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
phi c phng n nh tht nhanh, thc hin ng phng chm "khn trng, to bo, bt ng".
Ti quay sang anh Tng Trn Thut, Cc ph Cc Qun bo.
Nu ch rt Nng th nhanh nht c th rt trong my ngy? Cc ng ch nghin cu k
m nay, sng mai bo co sm.
6 gi sng ngy 27-3, mi ngi c mt ti S ch huy.
Anh Thut bo co:
- ch c th rt nhanh nht l trong ba ngy.
Cn anh Nguyn Thanh, Trng phng nghin cu ch tnh, li ni:
- bn, nm ngy ?
Khng th ng vi ngh ca anh Tn chun b chin u nm ngy cng nh cch tnh ton
ca anh Thanh, ti phn tch ngn, gn, nu r trong tnh hung ch "t th", ta c th chun b nm
ngy, by ngy hoc hn na. Nhng phi d kin tnh hnh t bin, cn c k hoch nh tht
nhanh. Ti ch th lm k hoch nh ch theo tnh hung chng rt trong ba ngay.
Anh Tn vn gi kin, v trnh by:
- nh nh vy khng th chun b kp.
Ti ni, ging c phn gay gt:
- T lnh mt trn l anh nn ti anh ra lnh. Nu l ngi khc, th ti ra lnh: nh Nng
theo phng n chun b ba ngy. Nu chun b nm ngy, ch rt mt c th sao? Hu gii
phng ri. Mc du pho binh v hi qun ch c th bn ph, c cho b i hnh qun theo ng
s 1 tin cng thng vo Nng. T pha nam cng theo ng s 1 tin cng ln. Khng hp
ng u, ch trao i bng in.
y l ln u tin v cng l ln duy nht ti t ra khng bng lng vi anh L Trng Tn, mt
trong nhng t lnh xut sc nht ca qun i ta m ti lun qu mn.
Anh Tn khng pht biu thm, nghim chnh chp hnh mnh lnh. Sau ny, anh n gp ti,
thn tnh, ci m nhc li cuc tranh ci v phng n nm ngy v phng n ba ngy, ri vui v
nhn khuyt im. ng l mt con ngi trung thc, thng thn, cng trc, ng qu bit bao!
Tip , Thng trc Qun u Trung ng gp v giao nhim v cho T lnh mt trn Qung
. Nhn danh B th Qun u, ti ch th: chin tranh chuyn sang giai on pht trin nhy vt.
B tr ca ch Nng tuy cha o ln, mc d chng ku gi "t th", nhng tinh thn qun
lnh ang suy sp, cn nm vng phng chm: "to bo, bt ng, kip thi, chc thng", khn trng
tin cng, bao vy tiu dit ch, khng ch sn bay, hi cng, ch lm tt vic tip qun thnh ph
mt triu dn ny, thc hin tt chnh sch t, hng binh v chnh sch chin li phm. Nhanh chng
t chc tng cng lc lng pht trin vo pha nam.
Ti nhc anh Tn bo co u n v B, v chc anh ginh thng li ln.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
Trong thi gian ny, Thng v Khu u v B T lnh Qun khu 5 hp m rng di s ch to
ca anh V Ch Cng, quyt nh phn u trong thi gian ngn gii phng hon ton a bn qun
khu.
Nhim v trng tm trc mt l tp trung ton b lc lng y mnh tc tin cng tiu dit
S on 2 ngu, gii phng th x Tam K v tnh Qung Ngi, to th chia ct v c lp hon ton
qun ch, to bn p vng chc cho trn tin cng quyt nh tiu dit tp on phng ng cui
cng ca Qun on I ngu Nng.
***
Sau hi ngh ngy 25-3-1975, anh L c Th ngh v c B Chnh tr ng vo chin
trng B2 cng cc anh Phm Hng, Vn Tin Dng trc tip ch o chin dch gii phng Si
Gn.
Anh Th ln ng vo ngy 28-3. Bng mi phng tin my bay, t, k c xe m, anh khn
trng vo chin trng cng nhanh cng tt. Trc lc anh ln ng, ti tranh th trao i v
phng n thc hin quyt tm ca B Chnh tr gii phng hon ton min Nam trc khi ma ma
ti.
B Chnh tr cng quyt nh thnh lp Hi ng chi vin min Nam do anh Phm Vn ng
lm Ch tch.
Hn hai mi nm trc y, anh ng cng ch tr mt hi ng nh vy, huy ng lc
lng c nc chi vin chin dch in Bin Ph ginh thng li lch s.
S kin y nay c lp li mt trnh cao hn: ng vin v t chc sc mnh to ln ca
ton dn, dc sc ca, sc ngi ca hu phng ln min Bc khn trng chi vin tin tuyn ln
min Nam trong giai on cui cng ca chin tranh, ginh thng li trn vn.
18 gi ngy 25-3-1975, Qun u Trung ng gi in cho anh Trn Vn Tr v Qun u min
Nam, ng gi anh Phm Hng, B th Trung ng Cc:
"Trn thc t, cuc Tng tin cng chin lc ca ta bt u vi chin thng Ty Nguyn v cc
chin trng khc. Cuc chin u vo giai on pht trin nhy vt nh thng bo. Chin
thng trn chin trng Hu - Nng v Nam B lm cho ch suy sp nhanh, to bc pht trin
mi v qun s, chnh tr, c bit trn chin trng trng im s sm hn nhiu so vi d kin ca
ta. Thi c ln v chin lc n. Cn tranh th thi gian cao , tp trung lc lng vo hng
trng im, hnh ng to bo, bt ng, hon thnh cng sm cng tt quyt tm chin lc ln m
B Chnh tr ra.
c ch th cho anh Tun. Tnh hnh rt mi, trong cn b ta, nhiu khi nhn thc cha chuyn
bin kp yu cu. Cn lm cho cc cp thng sut hn, tp trung lc lng vo cc mc tiu ch yu.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
nhim v g khi T quc cn n. S on 308 ang ph trch mt hng trng yu ca trn quyt
chin chin lc .
Tip theo Bun Ma Thut, Ty Nguyn, trn Hu - Nng l n tin cng chin lc ln th
hai ca ta nh vo qun ngu. Hu gii phng xong. Cn li mc tiu ch yu: Nng.
Nng l thnh ph ln th hai min Nam Vit Nam. y l mt cn c qun s lin hp rt
mnh, ni t S ch huy ca Vng I chin thut, ca Qun on I ngu. Sn bay Nng l mt
cn c khng qun ln. Nng cn l mt hi cng c ngha qun s v kinh t quan trng.
Thng 3-1965, nhng n v u tin ca M b vo Nng, m u thi k M thc hin
chin lc "chin tranh cc b" xm lc min Nam.
Ti y, ch hin c khong 10 vn tn, trong c 15 tiu on ch lc thuc S on 3 b
binh, S on Thu qun lc chin v tn qun ca cc s on 1, 2 ca Lin on bit ng qun,
cng vi hng chc tiu on bo an, hng trm trung i dn v, phng v dn s v 5.000 cnh st;
S on 1 khng qun vi 373 my bay cc loi, 7 tiu on pho binh, Thit on 11 k binh, mt
lc lng hi qun ngu ng qun cng Nng v vng bin ph cn.
Sau khi mt Hu, Nguyn Vn Thiu lnh cho Ng Quang Trng c th Nng bng mi gi,
hng chn bc tin ca qun ta, hy vng bin ni y thnh bi b khi qun M quay li ng
cu. Tt nhin, i vi Trng, mnh lnh "t th" ca Thiu ln ny khng cn thing nh trc
na!
T u thng 3-1975, trn chin trng Khu 5, qun ta bt u hot ng c tc dng kim ch,
nghi binh: tin cng kho n Sng My, nh bi xe Xun Thiu, ph cu Trng gn Nng.
Sang trung tun thng 3, chp hnh lnh ca B, Thng v Khu u v ng u Qun khu 5 ch
trng tp trung lc lng tiu dit S on 2 ngu, gii phng ton tnh Qung Ngi, gii phng i
b phn nng thn tnh Qung . Cc lc lng v trang v nhn dn Qun khu 5 di s lnh o,
ch huy ca cc anh V Ch Cng, Chu Huy Mn y mnh tin cng v ni dy pha bc qun
khu, nhanh chng tin xung ng s 1, khn trng chun b pht trin theo hng t Qung Ngi
n Nng.
Trc sc uy hip ca qun ta, ch rt khi Sn H, Tr Bng. Vng gip ranh ca tnh Qung
Ngi hon ton gii phng. Nhn dn ni dy ginh quyn lm ch, phi hp vi b i gii phng
th x Qung Ngi, th x Tam K, cn c Tun Dng, nh chim cn c Chu Lai, tiu dit S
on 2 ngu, m rng vng gii phng tnh Qung , to iu kin thun li uy hip Nng t
pha nam.
Ngy 27-3, pha bc Nng, chp hnh mnh lnh ca B Tng t lnh, Qun on II v mt
s ca Qun on I pht trin tin cng trn hai hng: t o Mi Tru theo ng 14 tin xung
pha ty bc; t Ph Lc, theo ng s 1 nh chim Tha Lu, Cu Hai, Lng C, o Hi Vn,
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
p st thnh ph t pha bc. Ring S on 304 c lnh trc tip ca B Tng t lnh v ca
qun on khn trng chuyn sang tin cng Nng t hng ty nam.
Cng thi gian ny, theo lnh ca B, S on 2, cc lc lng pho binh, cao x, tng, thit
gip ca Qun khu 5 di s ch huy trc tip ca anh Chu Huy Mn, b qua cc mc tiu dc
ng, tin thng v Nng.
Pho binh ca qun ta bt u n n, khng ch hai cng v sn bay.
Trc tnh hnh nguy khn, Ng Quang Trng hu b k hoch rt S on Thu qun lc
chin v Si Gn, thu thp binh lnh c th Nng. Nhng qu mun! Nng ri vo tnh
trng hn lon. Tuy qun s ch cn ng, nhng binh lnh mt tinh thn. Tn binh o ng tng
mng. Bn ch huy ht hong, ch lo a v con tm ng trn chy. Hng vn dn t Hu o vo
cng lm cho thnh ph hn lon thm.
Sau khi nghe Cc Qun bo bo co tnh hnh mi nht, ti in tip cho Qun on II: "ch
Nng ang ri lon. Canh st thi lm vic. Chng ra lnh rt trung on ni Qu v ph
cng s. Cn nhanh chng tin nh Nng. Nu c hin tng ch rt th phi lp tc nh trn
ti. Nu chng co cm v c th th bao vy tht cht, nh ghm chn khng cho rt. ng thi tp
trung lc lng theo hng ng 14 v ng 1, tiu dit ch, chim khu vc ty v ty bc thnh
ph, thc su vo cu Trnh Minh Th, chn ng rt ca ch qua bn o Sn Tr. K tn: Vn".
Cng trong ngy 27-3, ng ch B th th nht in cho cc anh V Ch Cng v Chu Huy
Mn: "Chin thng oanh lit Bun Ma Thut v Ty Nguyn to ra thi c gii phng
Nng. Ta phi tp trung lc lng t hai pha, t Tha Thin - Hu nh vo v t Nam - Ngi nh
ra, nhanh chng tiu dit ton b sinh lc ch Nng, khng cho chng rt chy co cm v
gi Si Gn.
Trong lc ny, thi gian l lc lng. Phi hnh ng ht sc to bo, bt ng, lm cho ch
khng kp tr tay.
Cc anh cn s dng ngay lc lng ca qun khu v ca tnh nh thng vo Nng. Phi c
bin php c bit hnh qun nhanh nht, kp thi khng ch, chim lnh cc sn bay, bn cng,
bao vy, chia ct tiu dit ch.
Phi nhanh chng pht ng qun chng v trang ni dy, p tan cc lc lng km kp c s,
chim lnh cc cng s, kho tng, nh my, thnh lp chnh quyn cch mng v sp vo vn ng
binh s ch b sng u hng, lm tan r cc n v qun ngu.
Cc binh on ch lc pha Bc c k hoch hnh qun nhanh nht kp thi hip ng vi
cnh qun pha nam. Cc anh hnh ng ngay, khng chm tr.
K tn: Ba" (11)
Cc ch th, mnh lnh trn y u c chp hnh trit v nhanh chng.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Ti Tng hnh dinh, cc cn b tc chin, qun bo, thng tin, c yu. lm vic sut ngy m.
Tin chin thng dn dp bo v c v mi ngi lm vic hng say, qun n, qun ng.
Sng ngy 28-3, ti triu tp ng ch Don Tu, T lnh pho binh, lc ny l phi vin ca B
Tng Tham mu, kim tra tnh hnh trin khai s dng ho lc.
Ti hi:
- Pho ca ta n u ri?
ng ch Tu bo co:
- Mi c mt tiu on ca Qun khu 5 bn vo sn bay Nng. Pho ca Qun on II mi c
hai i i vo n o Mi Tru.
Vic trin khai pho binh chin dch nh vy l chm.
Ti ch th b tr ngay pho o Mi Tru ch p sn bay Nng, a tip pho ca Qun
on II ln o Hi Vn bn sang Sn Tr. iu ngay ton b lc lng pho binh mt trn ln
tham gia tin cng.
Kt qu l n 17 gi ngy hm y, tt c cc n v pho ca Qun on II v Qun khu 5, sau
khi t chc xong trn a, bt u n n vo Nng. Trn pho kch ln din ra vo sng hm sau,
29-3: 30 khu pho c ln ca ta dn dp bn vo S ch huy Qun on I ngu, sn bay Nng,
cng M Kh, bn o Sn Tr, sn bay Nc Mn, t 5 gi n 10 gi sng. Sau , pho chuyn
ln bn ra mp nc, ngn chn khng cho tu ch vo bc bn tn qun.
B T lnh Mt trn Qung bo co: ngy 29-3-1975 qun ta tin cng vo Nng t nhiu
hng: Qun on II trn cc hng bc, ty bc v ty nam. S on 2 Qun khu 5 trn cc hng
nam v ng nam. c cc lc lng bit ng, t v, du kch b mt v qun chng h tr, c hai
cnh qun cng tin cng vo thnh ph. Mt s cn b, ng vin, chin s ta b ch bt giam
Non Nc ph nh lao thot ra ngoi, tham gia nh ch. Di s lnh o ca Tnh u Qung
v Thnh u Nng, qun chng ni dy. ng bo t ng a xe , xe lam, xe my ch b i
ta tin nhanh vo thnh ph, mang cm nc qu bnh tip t cho b i. B i ch lc khng quen
thuc a hnh th c cc chin s t v dn ng. Ni no m ch lc cha ti kp, th cc lc
lng bit ng, t v v du kch kt hp vi c s b mt kp thi nh chim. Cng nhn bo v
sn bay, bn cng, nh my, nhn dn phi hp cng b i ku gi binh s ch ra hng.
C tin Tng thng M tuyn b a hi qun n cu vin Nng. Qua phn tch tnh hnh, ti
in cho anh Tn, anh Mn, anh Phm Hng v Qun on II:
"Pho tuyn b dng tu LST vo Nng l trn an d lun, cng c th cu bn ngu
bn o Sn Tr. Kh nng hnh ng ca khng qun ngu t. Kh nng khng qun M can thip
cng t hn. Nhng ta vn phi phng".
Thc t din ra ng nh vy. Tu M n cu bn ngu chy trn, nhng u cch xa b,
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
gy cnh chen chc hn lon, nhiu ngi ri xung bin. My bay trc thng M n n c vn
M v nhng tn u s, b hng ngn binh lnh v dn di tn a ln, phi ct cnh bay i, nhiu
ngi bm bn ngoi my bay ri t trn khng xung.
Ch trong vng 32 gi qun ta ln lt nh chim cc mc tiu qun s, chnh tr, kinh t trong
cn c lin hp, gii phng hon ton thnh ph Nng v th x Hi An, tiu dit v lm tan r
hn 10 vn tn trong b my qun s v hnh chnh ca ngu y.
Tra ngy 29-3, anh Nguyn Thanh vo bo co tnh hnh ch. Nh li bui giao nhim v cho
anh L Trng Tn, ti ni vui:
- ng l ti cho cu 5 im(12) nhng ch cho 3 im thi, v nh Nng ch mt c ba
ngy.
n tin cng chin lc th hai c hon thnh xut sc.
Li mt bc nhay vt mi ca cuc Tng tin cng v ni dy trong ma Xun lch s.
***
Cuc tin cng gii phng Hu - Nng do Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh trc tip
lnh o, ch huy c hnh thnh trong qu trnh thc hin cuc Tng tin cng chin lc, nhanh
chng pht trin thnh mt chin dch quy m ln c ngha chin lc rt quan trng. Tip theo
chin thng Ty Nguyn, chin thng vang di Hu - Nng p tan nh co cm chin lc
ca ch, tiu dit nhiu sinh lc ch yu ca chng, lm thay i cn ban so snh lc lng hon
ton c li cho ta, y qun ngu sp nhanh chng, m ra trin vng rt thun li cho trn quyt
chin chin lc cui cng.
Qua chin u, b i ta trng thnh vt bc. Rt nhiu tm gng tch cc chp hnh mnh
lnh, chin u anh dng, mu tr, to bo xut hin trong cn b, chin s nht l cnh qun pha
bc ca cc ng ch Nguyn Hu An, L Linh, Hong an v cnh qun pha nam ca ng ch
Nguyn Chn.
Ngy 1-4, Qun u gi in khen b i Mt trn Qung : "Qun u Trung ng nhit ht
khen ngi ton th cn b, chin s, ng vin, on vin cc lc lng b i ch lc v b i a
phng, b i c bit tinh nhu, t v Mt trn Qung trit chp hnh mnh lnh, hnh
ng to bo v kp thi, phi hp vi nhn dn, trong mt thi gian rt ngn, tiu dit v lm tan r
ton b qun ch, gii phng ton tnh Qung , c bit thnh ph Nng l mt cn c qun
s quan trng bc nht ca ch min Nam Vit Nam.
Qun u Trung ng tuyn dng cng trng cc ng ch trong ton qun v chin cng chi
li lp c K tn: Vn".
Chin thng Hu - Nng c v mnh m hu phng ln v tin tuyn ln. B Chnh tr
Trung ng ng, Quc hi v Chnh ph nhit lit khen ngi v tng thng b i v nhn dn
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
bnh ang b e do nghim trng, v l ti trn trng khn cu Chnh ph Hoa K hy thc hin
li ha. Mt l, h lnh tin hnh mt cuc oanh tc ngn hn bng my bay B52 tp trung vo
nhng im ng qun v cn c hu cn ca k th trong khu vc thuc Nam Vit Nam. Hai l,
khn cp vin tr nhng phng tin cn thit ngn chn v y li cuc tn cng.
Knh tha ngi tng thng,
Mt ln na, ti xin khn cu ngi, khn cu ch Tn trong chnh sch ngoi giao ca Hoa K, v
c bit khn cu lng tm ca nc M. Ti xin a t quyt tm thc hin trn vn li ha
bng hnh ng c th ca ngi.
Trn trng knh cho, Nguyn Vn Thiu"(14).
Tt nhin, li van xin ca Thiu ri vo im lng. Bc th ngy 22-3 l bc th cui cng ca Pho
gi cho Thiu. Tc dng ca n cng ging nh mt liu thuc an thn qu hn, khng cn gip
g c bnh nhn ang thp t nht sinh.
Mc d, B trng B Quc phng M Sltxinhgi nu ln gii php duy nht cn li lc ny
l nm bom nguyn t. V tng thng c a ln sau v b bi Oatght vo mt tnh th kh
x: Nm bom bng B52 th b Quc hi cm. Dng bom nguyn t th li cng khng dm ngh ti.
Pho khng th lm g hn l b i nh "gn" sut c tun.
Nng tht th ng vo dp l phc sinh.
i vi M, Nng khng cn l v tr chin lc quan trng na. Tuy nhin, cng c mt
"hm i" c gi ti Nng. l mt m hn tp gm 20 chic tu vn ti v tu ko ca Nht
cng ba tu chin nh ca M n di tn c vn M, vin chc ngu v nhng ngi hong lon
ang tho chy ly thn, trong c tng Ng Quang Trng.
Ch thch:
(1) K hoch tin cng gii phng ton b Qung Tr: Tha Thin v thnh ph Hu
(2) Do tnh hnh khn trng, sau ny anh Tn khng i.
(3) Cht.
(4) Tin hnh.
(5) Hng Qun on II (T lnh Nguyn Hu An).
(6) Phin hiu mt ca S on 304.
(7) Mt danh ca B Tng t lnh.
(8) Qun on I (T lnh Nguyn Ho).
(9) ng ch Phm Vn ng.
(10) ng ch inh c Thin.
(11) L Dun: Th vo Nam, Nh xut bn. S tht, H Ni. 1985, tr. 381-382.
(12) Theo cch cho im ca Lin X.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
(13) Nguyn Tin Hng v Jrold Schecter: T To Bch c n dinh c lp, Nh xut bn.
Tr, Thnh ph H Ch Minh, 1990, tr.38.
(14) Nguyn Tin Hng v Jrold Schecter: T To Bch c n dinh c lp, Nh xut bn.
Tr, Thnh ph H Ch Minh, 1990, tr.391.
V Nguyn Gip
TNG HNH DINH TRONG MA XUN TON THNG
Chng 7
TRN SI GN BT U
V Nguyn Gip
ngu v khong 40% cc binh chng k thut hin i, thu v ph hu trn 40% c s vt cht v
hu cn ca chng; gii phng a bn hai qun khu gm 12 tnh v gn mt na s dn min Nam.
m mu co cm chin lc ca ch b ph sn. Chng ang lm vo tnh trng hoang mang, b
tc. Tuy vy, ch vn ngoan c lp tuyn phng ng t xa, t Phan Rang tr vo. Chng hy vng
ngn chn v y li cuc tin cng ca ta, gi th cm c cho t ma ma, sau s cng c
nhng lc lng cn li, phn cng ti chim cc vng mt.
ch tp trung Phan Rang mt lc lng khong hai s on gm S on 2 b binh va c
khi phc. L on 2 d, Lin on 31 bit ng qun, c S on 6 khng qun ng sn bay
Thnh Sn ym tr. ng thi, chng tp trung mi c gng thu thp tn qun, chn chnh cc n
v cn li, iu chnh th b tr nhm tng cng phng th khu vc Si Gn - Gia nh v ng
bng sng Cu Long.
V pha ta, vi trn Hu - Nng, ta bt u chuyn sang Tng tin cng chin lc. Qun
ta ang trong th tha thng xng ln. Ta hon ton c kh nng tp trung lc lng c nc n
mc cao nht, p o ch trn chin trng trng im l Si Gn. Thi c ln xut hin. Chc
chn ta s ginh ton thng trong trn quyt chin chin lc cui cng ny. Ti ngh cn khn
trng xy dng k hoch tc chin, thc hin bao vy chin lc pha ng v pha ty Si Gn Gia nh, s dng nm m ch lc, bt ng thc su tiu dit ch. nh mt trn l thng. Phng
chm l "Thn tc, to bo, bt ng, chc thng!".
Cc ng ch u vin B Chnh tr pht biu kin, ng vi ngh ca Qun u Trung ng.
Anh Trng Chinh tm c vi phng n thc su m anh gi l "perce stratgique" (thc su
chin lc).
Hi ngh nht tr nhn nh nhng nhn t mi xut hin r nt trong trn Nng. Ta hn
hn ch c v th chin lc ln lc lng qun s, chnh tr. D M c tng vin cng khng th
cu vn ngu sp .
B Chnh tr khng nh quyt tm thc hin tng cng kch, tng khi ngha trong thi gian sm
nht.
Phng thc tc chin chin lc ca ta l pht huy sc mnh ca ba n chin lc (ch lc,
nng thn v thnh th), t ngoi nh vo, kt hp vi lc lng ti ch t trong nh ra, ly ch
lc t ngoi nh vo l quyt nh, tp trung lc lng tin cng ch, nhanh chng li dng thi
c, dn dp pht trin thng li.
V b tr lc lng chin lc, B Chnh tr ch trng gp rt tng thm lc lng hng ty
Si Gn, chia ct v bao vy chin lc hng ty nam, trit ng s 4, c lp Si Gn vi ng
bng sng Cu Long. Cc lc lng pha ng nh chim cc mc tiu quan trng, bao vy Si
Gn t hng B Ra - Vng Tu. Qu m chu lc phi tht mnh, k c binh kh k thut, sn sng
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
gin gi nht. Bt ng hin nay khng cn phng hng ln na. ch bit nht nh ta s nh
Si Gn nhng chng cho rng ta cn chun b mt - hai thng. V vy, bt ng hin nay ch yu l
khu thi gian. Mt mt cn c ng lc lng nhanh chng, thn tc, mt khc s dng ngay lc
lng hin c kp thi hnh ng, khng ch i tp trung lc lng ng mi lm n. Chnh
theo ngha m B Chnh tr khng nh t gi pht ny trn quyt chin chin lc Si Gn
bt u.
Gia hai phng n c bn, mt l bao vy di ngy to iu kin ri dt im, hai l tin cng
to bo t u, nh nhanh, dt im nhanh, th nay nn chn phng n 2, tc l lm tht nhanh,
tht to bo; ng thi c s chun b trong iu kin no nu cn th ch ng chuyn sang
phng n 1 cng nhm ginh thng li cui cng trong mt thi gian ngn. Vi lc lng sn c,
cn hnh ng kp thi li dng mi thi c c th do ch hoang mang v lng tng a li, tin
cng lin tip, ginh thng li lin tip, lm o ln mi mu chn chnh lc lng hoc tng
cng vin tr ca M.
Thi gian hin nay phi tnh tng ngy. Phi "thn tc thn tc, ton thng, nht nh ton
thng".
Ngy 2-4, trong bui giao ban, trn c s phn tch tnh hnh cc mt trn, Qun u Trung ng
in khn cho Qun u Min v B T lnh B2: "Trong lc chun b k hoch ln, ta cn c k
hoch tc khc tp trung pho ln, phn no xe tng v b binh nhn lc ch hoang mang dit bn
bi binh mi chy v, tiu dit mt b phn F18, nh chim Xun Lc, p st Bin Ho. Khng ch
c sn bay Bin Ho th khng qun mt tc dng, ch Si Gn s hoang mang to".
Ngoi cc ngun tin k thut ca Cc Qun bo, tin tc cng khai do cc phng vin nc ngoi
min Nam nh i t Si Gn m Thng tn x Vit Nam thu c cung cp thm nhiu tnh hnh
st do.
Qun u Trung ng in tip cho anh Phm Hng, ng in cho anh Vn Tin Dng v anh
Trn Vn Tr:
" 2. Si Gn hin bt u hong lon, c th xy ra bin ng chnh tr trong ni b ch. Mt
trn Cam Ranh - Phan Rang v, bn tn qun chy v s gy ri ln.
3. Theo tinh thn hnh ng to bo, kp thi ca B Chnh tr, chng ti c kin Trung ng
Cc v Qun u Min cn c mt k hoch hnh ng ngay vi lc lng sn c, da vo k hoch
bc 1 ca anh T(3), nhng nay lm nhanh v mnh, khng iu ng xo trn.
4. C th:
a) Pha ng tp trung lc lng tng, pho tht mnh nh ngay bn F18, tiu dit Xun Lc, p
st Bin Ho, trin khai ngay pho nng khng ch sn bay Bin Ho, c iu kin tt hay lc lng
mi s nh chim Cp(4), ct sng Lng Tu, b) Pha ty, vi lc lng hin c, nn giao b i
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
thnh ph Nha Trang v qun cng Cam Ranh c gii phng. Trc , ngy 24-3, tnh Qung
c vi th x Gia Ngha c gii phng.
Lc ny c mt s kin ng ghi nh. l vic iu ng s dng S on 10 ca Qun on
III. Nh trn ni, sau ngy gii phng Nng, ch trng ca Qun u Trung ng c s
nht tr ca B Chnh tr l tp trung ton b lc lng nam Ty Nguyn nhanh chng tin thng
xung, min ng Nam B.
Trn ng vo B2, anh L c Th cng ph bin cho B T lnh Ty Nguyn v ch
trng ny. Nhng trc , trong tnh hnh b i ta ang truy kch tiu dit ch, anh Vn Tin
Dng v B T lnh Ty Nguyn lnh cho S on 10 tin ra hng bin, xung Nha Trang, Cam
Ranh. Khi bit ch trng ca B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng, cc anh bn khon n mt ng,
lo lng, nh vy c tri vi nh ca cp trn hay khng. Cui cng cc anh xc nh l bo co ln
Trung ng v chu trch nhim. Ngay sau anh Vn Tin Dng in ngay cho ti trnh by v vn
ny, ni r cuc tin qun ang pht trin thun li, Nha Trang, Cam Ranh l hai mc tiu chin
lc quan trng, tnh ton thi gian s on c th hon thnh nhim v gii phng hai ni ny, sau
quay ln ng 11 ri theo ng 20 tin xung v tr tp kt min ng, thi gian cng khng
chm l bao.
Nhn in ca anh Dng, li c tin ta gii phng Quy Nhn, ch ang rt khi Tuy Ho,
chun b b Nha Trang, Cam Ranh, ti lp tc tr li bng bc in s 940 ngy 20-3-1975: "Chng
ti bn vi anh Ba nht tr cho rng ta cn c ch trng tht linh hot li dng thi c c th ny,
tc l tp trung S on 10 nhanh chng tiu dit qun d v bn ch cn li, nh chim Nha
Trang, Cam Ranh ri tin v pha nam".
Bc in lm cho cc anh rt yn lng. 8 gi sng ngy 31-3, anh Dng in ngay cho ti: "Ti
mng qu. Tht l tm u hp gia lnh o v ngi chin trng".
Thc t cho thy vic iu ng v s dng S on 10 nh vy l ng. Sau khi gii phng
Nha Trang, Cam Ranh, s on t Ba Ngi nhanh chng xuyn qua cn c Bc i sang ng 11,
ln Tuyn c ri theo ng 20 tin v v tr tp kt ca Qun on III trn hng Si Gn, hon
thnh xut sc nhim v c giao.
Trong khi Qun on III tin cng ch trong hnh tin, o t tin qun vo chin trng trng
im, th Qun on I t min Bc theo ng s 1 ri theo tuyn ng Trng Sn, Ty Trng
Sn v ng 14, khc phc mi kh khn v cu ng, thi tit, thn tc tin nh mt dng thc
mnh xung pha nam. Trn ng tin qun, qun on t chc thnh tng khi, hnh qun bng
c gii, c pho cao x bo v. Ni rng Trng Sn si ng. Cc on xe, pho ni ui nhau
chy sut ngy m, quyt tm n v tr tp kt ng Xoi ng thi gian vo trung tun thng 4,
kp tham gia chin u. Binh on d b chin lc ra qun vi kh th ho hng, phn khi mang
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
theo c mm tin quyt thng ca hu phng ln i vi tin tuyn ln, tng cng thm mt "qu
m thp" cho chin trng trng im trong trn quyt chin cui cng.
Trong thi gian ny, S on 7 cng mt b phn S on 341 v lc lng a phng nh
chim chi khu qun s nh Qun, dit yu khu Gia Ray, khng ch ng 20. Ngy 28-3, s on
dng xe c gii theo ng 20, phi hp vi cc lc lng m sn, tin cng gii phng th x Lm
ng, sau cng b i Khu 6 nh chim cao nguyn Di Linh, ngy 4-4 pht trin ln nh chim
thnh ph Lt. Trung on 812 truy kch ch t Lt n sn bay Thnh Sn, to iu kin
cho S on 10 t Cam Ranh xuyn qua Bc i theo ng 11 v ng 20 tin vo min ng
Nam B.
hng Bnh Tuy, Long Khnh, S on 6 cng b i a phng v du kch tin cng gii
phng ng s 4, pht trin tin cng ch trn ng s 1 t Sui Ct n Rng L (Bnh Tuy).
n lc ny, qun ta tiu dit v lm tan r hai qun on, hai qun khu mnh ca ch, gii
phng cc tnh ng bng min Trung, Ty Nguyn, nhiu vng ng bng sng Cu Long, ng
Nam B, hnh thnh th bao vy Si Gn - Gia nh.
Ngy 3-4, anh Vn Tin Dng cng on A.75 vo n S ch huy Min. Anh inh c Thin
n lin sau . My hm sau, anh L c Th cng vo n ni. Vi tinh thn tch cc, khn
trng, ngy 7-4-1975, Trung ng Cc duyt k hoch tin cng Si Gn - Gia nh.
T liu sau ny cho bit: anh Phm Hng, B th Trung ng Cc ch tr cuc hp. K hoch tc
chin chin dch do anh L Ngc Hin trnh by gm hai bc:
Trc mt, t ngy 8-4 tin cng chia ct chin lc v bao vy nh trn "rng ng", nh
vng ven v 8 mc tiu trong ni thnh, chun b cho tng tin cng. Nu thun li ch tan r, th
pht trin thc su ngay, phi hp vi qun chng ni dy nh chim thnh ph.
Bc hai d kin t ngy 15 n 20-4, thc hin t kch Si Gn trn nm hng. Lc lng s
dng t ba n nm s on ch lc, by on c cng, 60 t bit ng, cng vi lc lng du kch
v khong 50 ngn qun chng ni dy ti ch. Anh Trn Vn Tr bo co thm v a hnh vng
ph cn Si Gn, v b tr ca ch trong ni thnh, lc lng khng qun v hi qun ngu, v nu
r tiu dit c S on 18 ngu, thc hnh bao vy c lp Si Gn, s lm "rng ng" ton b v
ny ra thi c mi. Nu ch co cm th chun b thm lc lng, nhng phi gii quyt xong trong
thng 4.
Cc anh Ba Trn(5), Trn Lng, Hai X(6), Hai Vn(7), ng Vn Cng, L Vn Tng, inh
c Thin biu th nht tr vi k hoch, ngh cn tranh th bt ng, bo m hu cn, y mnh
binh vn, ch trng t chc qun qun thnh ph. Anh V Vn Kit tin tng nht nh thng, nhn
mnh cn a ngay ch lc vo su trong thnh ph, vn ng qun chng bung ra, ginh thng li
tht nhanh, tht kp thi, vt v. Anh Nguyn Vn Linh thy cn tin cng lin tc, khng nn c
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Ho hng, phn khi, y trch nhim, cc anh phn tch su sc tnh hnh, ra nhiu kin i
su vo tng kha cnh c th.
Kt lun hi ngh, anh Phm Hng nu r s nht tr, phn khi i vi k hoch tin cng. Nu
ct c ng s 4 v dit c S on 18 th t kch ngay, khng ch lc lng vo . Cn t
chc hip ng, tp trung lnh o bo m cc mt ginh chin thng.
V t chc ch huy, s bn thm vi anh L c Th.
Anh Vn Tin Dng thay mt c quan tin phng Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh pht
biu kin. Rt mng trc vic Trung ng Cc, Qun u Min biu th s nht tr v k hoch
tin cng Si Gn, anh nhn mnh ta c u th v lc lng qun s v lc lng chnh tr, cn dt
im cng nhanh cng tt. Anh ni in ra ngh B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng c thc
tng cng lc lng vo chin trng trng im.
Ngy hm sau, trong bui lm vic vi Trung ng Cc v Qun u Min, anh L c Th ph
bin Ngh quyt ca B Chnh tr v tnh hnh chin s, m mu ca ch, ch trng ca ta, cng b
quyt nh ngy 6-4 ca B Chnh tr thnh lp B ch huy chin dch Si Gn - Gia nh: Anh Vn
Tin Dng l T lnh; anh Phm Hng, Chnh u; cc anh Trn Vn Tr, L c Anh, L Trng
Tn, inh c Thin, Ph T lnh; anh L Quang Ho, Ph Chnh u kim Ch nhim Chnh tr;
anh L Ngc Hin, quyn Tham mu trng. Anh L c Th tham gia Trung ng Cc v ng
u mt trn. Trong dp ny, Trung ng Cc phn cng anh Nguyn Vn Linh, Ph B th Trung
ng Cc, c trch phong tro ni dy ca qun chng, nht l Si Gn. Anh V Vn Kit, U
vin Thng v Trung ng Cc, ch o vic tip qun thnh ph.
ng u v B ch huy chin dch khn trng bt tay vo vic. u tin, cc anh nht tr in ra
Trung ng ngh t tn ca Bc H knh yu cho chin dch quyt nh sp din ra.
Ngy 14-4-1975, th theo ngh ca B ch huy chin dch v nguyn vng ca ng bo, chin
s c nc, trong bc in s 37 TK, ng ch B th th nht L Dun thay mt B Chnh tr p
ng kp thi nguyn thit tha v thing ling y: "ng chin dch Si Gn ly tn l chin dch
H Ch Minh ".
Trn quyt chin chin lc cui cng kt thc cuc chin tranh 30 nm c vinh d mang tn
v lnh t v i ca dn tc Vit Nam.
***
Theo k hoch nh, ngy 9-4, nhng trn nh ct ng s 4 pha ty Si Gn v trn tin
cng Xun Lc bt u.
S on 5 tin cng ch th trn Th Tha v th x Tn An khng thnh cng. Tuy vy, s
on nh thit hi nng mt trung on b binh ca S on 7 ngu v mt trung on thit
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
gip, dit 80 n bt ln nh, gii phng mt vng rng, uy hip ng s 4. Lc lng v trang
Qun khu 8 tin cng lm ch tng thi gian ng Tn Hip - Ci B (M Tho). Cc lc lng v
trang Qun khu IX tin cng ch Ci Vn, Ba Cng (Vnh Long).
Trn hng ng, Qun on IV di s lnh o, ch huy ca cc anh Hong Cm, T lnh v
Hong Th Thin, Chnh u, m cuc tin cng vo Xun Lc, "cnh ca thp" trn tuyn phng
ng Si Gn v Vng III chin thut. Ni y, ch b tr mt lc lng kh mnh gm S on 18
v mt s tiu on bo an, cnh st phng ng trong cng s kin c. Tham mu trng lc qun
M, tng Phrrch Uyen cho rng: "Mt Xun Lc l mt Si Gn". L Minh o, S on
trng S on 18 h ht "t th" bng mi gi.
Trn nh din ra quyt lit v phc tp.
Theo bo co, trong m 9 rng ngy 10-4, bng nhiu mi tin cng, qun ta chc thng tuyn
phng ng th x, chim c nhiu mc tiu, cm c cch mng ln dinh tnh trng ngu. Tuy b
thit hi nng, ch vn c th. Ngy 10-4, chng dng trc thng b mt l on d xung ven
th x, tip , tng vin thm hai l on thu qun lc chin, mt lin on bit ng qun, mt
trung on b binh ca S on 5, tm tiu on pho binh v hai chin on xe tng, thit gip. Da
vo qun tng vin v s chi vin ca khng qun, ch in cung phn kch, gy cho ta nhiu tn
tht. Nhiu v tr ta chim c phi ln lt rt b, hoc thay i ch nhiu ln. Chng dng
n cc loi bom c sc st thng v hu dit ln.
Trn nh cha dt im.
Tnh hnh ht sc khn trng.
Sau ngy Nng gii phng, theo lnh ca B Tng t lnh, anh L Trng Tn, T lnh Mt
trn Qung , bay ra H Ni nhn nhim v mi.
Trong bui giao ban sng ngy 2-4, B Tng Tham mu bo co: ch hoang mang cc .
Chin s ven bin Nam Trung B din bin rt nhanh, rt c li cho ta.
Anh Tn nu kin cn hnh thnh cnh qun ven bin, gm cc lc lng va gii phng
Nng, nhanh chng tin qun nh ch trong hnh tin, tiu dit ch v lm ch cc a bn chin
lc t Nha Trang tr vo, khng cho ch co cm v Si Gn. y cng l kin ngh ca
Thng v v B T lnh Qun khu 5 v ca Thng v v B T lnh Qun on II va lp chin
cng Nng.
Ti tn thnh ngh ny v c ngay anh Tn sang trnh by vi anh Ba. Sau khi trao i thm
vi ti, anh Ba hon ton ng .
Ngay lp tc, Thng trc Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh lp cnh qun pha ng,
gm Qun on II (thiu S on 324 li Hu). S on 3 (Qun khu 5) v cc n v pho binh,
cao x, xe tng, cng binh. Nhim v l va nh ch, va m ng vi tc tht nhanh, khn
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
trng n kp thi gian cng cc n v bn tham gia gii phng Si Gn. Anh L Trng Tn c
c lm T lnh. Ban cn s ng lm thi do anh L Quang Ho lm B th. Khi vo n min
ng Nam B, cnh qun ny s thuc quyn lnh o, ch huy ca ng u v B T lnh mt trn
Si Gn; ng thi thng xuyn bo co vi B Tng t lnh.
Trc khi anh Tn ln ng, thay mt Thng trc Qun u Trung ng, ti giao nhim v cho
cnh qun pha ng nhanh chng tin theo ng s 1 chc thng phng tuyn ch Phan Rang,
tip cng vi cc lc lng B2 nh chim B Ra, Cp, khng ch sng Lng Tu, t pho
tm xa Nhn Trch hoc Thnh Tuy H ch p cc mc tiu quan trng Si Gn, c phng n
vt sng thc su vo trung tm thnh ph.
V ng di, cn t chc hnh qun tt, cho n v nh i trc, bo m i tht nhanh, dc
ng ch phng trnh pho trn tu chin ca ch. Bo v tnh mng, ti sn ca nhn dn, lnh
o b i gi k lut dn vn, i x nhn o vi t, hng binh. Vo n ni bt lin lc ngay vi
anh Dng.
Cuc tin qun lch s ca Quang Trung - Nguyn Hu li hin v trong k c. Ngy 4-4, ti gi
in cho cn b, chin s Qun on II ang hnh qun: "Cc ng ch ln ng lm nhim v rt
v vang. Cn hnh ng thn tc, to bo, bt ng, chc thng".
Ngy 6-4-75, in ca Qun u Trung ng gi B T lnh on 559 nu r: "Cn ch trng coi
cng tc bo m chi vin v bo m c ng lc lng ta vo B2 l cng tc trung tm s 1. V
vy, cn c k hoch t chc tht tt cng tc ny, nht l bo m vic hnh qun ca cc n v,
binh kh k thut v cc nhu cu n dc theo ng thi gian nh". Ti ch th cho anh ng S
Nguyn b tr s ch huy Quy Nhn v anh Hong Minh Tho Nha Trang, t chc bo m, n
c cc n v hnh qun theo ng s 1, tuyt i khng nh hng n vic bo m hu cn
cho cc n v ang tin qun.
Bc in ca Qun u Trung ng gi anh ng S Nguyn v Thng v ng u 559, nh i
hi 22 gi ngy hm y li nhn mnh: " yu cu ca mt trn ht sc gp, tng ngy, tng gi.
Thi gian lc ny l lc lng, l sc mnh. Cc ng ch dng mi bin php t chc v n c
cc n v hnh qun ht sc nhanh, chi vin ht sc gp, hon thnh xut sc chin dch chi vin
thn tc ny".
Trn hai trc chnh l ng s 1 v ng Trng Sn, vi s t chc khn trng ca on
559, s h tr tch cc ca Qun khu 5, bng i chn vn dm v mi phng tin c th c c,
cc n v khc phc kh khn nh ch m i, m ng m tin. ng st l th nhn dn quanh
vng ra gp cng sa cha. Cu b ch ph th ngoi cu, ph t hnh ca cng binh, cn c thuyn
b ln nh ca dn. Xe hng th tm mi cch sa cha, cu ko.
Ngy 7-4, ti ra lnh cho cc n v ang vo chin trng:
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
"Mnh lnh: 1. Thn tc, thn tc hn na. To bo, to bo hn n. Tranh th tng gi, tng
pht, xc ti mt trn, gii phng min Nam. Quyt chin v ton thng.
2. Truyn t tc khc n ng vin, chin s".
Tc hnh qun nng ln khng ngng. Tuy vy, vn cn thy chm! Cng tc bo m hu
cn hu nh khng gp kh khn. on 559 c k hoch chu o, li c thm go, n, xng, du
chim c ca ch. Qun no, xe pho nhin liu, n dc, b i c nhn dn ven ng
ng vin, gip , tc hnh qun li cng tng.
Ngy 10-4, in ca cnh qun pha ng bo co:
- Cc anh L Trng Tn v L Quang Ho n Nha Trang, ang chun b nh Phan Rang.
Phan Rang, ni ct rn chn rau ca Nguyn Vn Thiu, l th x ca tnh Ninh Thun, cch Si
Gn 315 km v pha bc. y c hai hi cng Tn Thnh v Ninh Ch, c sn bay Thnh Sn vi
lc lng mt s on khng qun. ng s 1 v ng st chy qua th x, ni hn Si Gn vi
cc tnh min Trung va c gii phng. Theo s o din ca Uyen, Tham mu trng lc qun
M, ch iu lc lng d b chin lc ra lp y tuyn phng th t xa: Phan Rang - Xun Lc
Ty Ninh. Vi hn mt vn qun t chc phng ng trn a hnh c li, c s chi vin ca c hi
qun v khng qun, chng hy vng ngn chn, cm chn cc binh on ch lc ca ta y cho
n ma ma; lc , thi tit s kh khn, ta khng th t chc nh ln Si Gn v Nam B t
nht l trong su thng na.
Ngy 11-4, c tin ch tng cng lc lng cho Phan Rang. B Tng Tham mu in cho anh
Tn ht sc ch n tc tin qun, nu thy nh Phan Rang khng thun li, li mt thi gian,
th ch mt lc lng bao vy th x, cn i b phn tm cch vng qua, khc phc kh khn v
hu cn v ng s, tin nhanh vo min ng Nam B.
Ngy 13-4, anh Tn in ra bo co v hng pht trin v k hoch tc chin ca cnh qun
pha ng, v tnh hnh hu cn ca b i ang tin qun. D kin gii quyt xong Phan Rang th
pht trin nh chim B Ra, Vng Tu, ct ng Bin Ho - Vng Tu, khng ch sng Lng
Tu, nhanh chng a pho 130mm vo Nhn Trch bn vo sn bay Tn Sn Nht.
Nu ch co cm v phng th Bin Ho th tu tnh hnh c th, c th tin cng vng v ng
v ng nam Si Gn, vt sng t ph vo trng im.
Sng 14-4, qun ta n sng nh Phan Rang. Trn tin cng din ra quyt lit. Vi thc su sc
v gi tr ca thi gian, b i ta nu cao tinh thn quyt thng, dng mnh xung phong nh chim
cc mc tiu trong th x. Qun ch c phi pho ym h, da vo h thng cng s v a hnh c
li, ngoan c chng c.
Hai ngy u, ta ch mi chim c mt s mc tiu ngoi vi Phan Rang. Sng ngy 16-4, T
lnh Qun on II Nguyn Hu An a S on 325 bc vo chin u. Phng n tc chin l t
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
th cho Qun on IV rt kinh nghim. Anh Trn Vn Tr n trc tip ch o tc chin. Xut pht
t nhn nh Xun Lc ch c th c th khi c ni lin vi Bin Ho, B ch huy Min quyt nh
thay i cch nh: t tin cng thng vo th x chuyn sang nh cc lc lng tip vin ca ch
mi c iu n cn ng chn cha vng vng ngoi, thc hnh chia ct Xun Lc vi Bin
Ho, ct ng s 2 t Xun Lc i B Ra, chn qun ch t Bin Ho, Trng Bom ln phn kch.
Thc hin quyt tm mi, Qun on IV va c tng cng lc lng b binh v pho c ln,
tin cng tiu dit Chin on 52 ngu v mt chi on thit gip, nh chim ng ba Du Giy, ct
ng s 1 t Xun Lc n Bu C, lm ch on cui cng ca ng 20 t Tc Trung n Du
Giy, chim Ni Th, Tc Trng, Kim Tn, tiu dit qun ch phn kch t Trng Bom ra. Hai
chin on 43 v 48 ca S on 18 ngu cng vi L on 3 thit gip b nh thit hi nng. B
i a phng v du kch dit v bc rt mt s n ch trn cc trc ng giao thng v ven th
x Khng chim li c ng ba Du Giy, lc lng b tn tht nng, trc nguy c b bao vy, b
tiu dit v sc uy hip ca cnh qun ln t pha ng mi ti, ngy 20-4, ch phi rt chy khi
Xun Lc.
Chin thng Xun Lc lm rung chuyn ton b h thng phng th ca ch xung quanh Si
Gn, lm cho tinh thn ca qun ngu cng thm suy sp.
***
Tin chin thng lm nc lng nhn dn c nc.
Ngy 6-4, trong kh th chin thng, 98,26% trong s my chc triu c tri trn hu phng ln
phn khi i b phiu bu Quc hi kho V, cng c thm vng chc ch dn ch cng ho. Cc
ng ch lnh o ng, Nh nc ta trng c vi t l phiu cao nht.
Tt c cho tin tuyn.
C nc vo trn cui cng vi mm tin tt thng.
Hu phng ln tng ng vin nhn, ti, vt lc chi vin cho tin tuyn ln. Hu nh ton b
lc lng vn ti trn min Bc u c huy ng trong mt chin dch chi vin ln nht t trc
n nay. Anh Phan Trng Tu, B trng Giao thng vn ti, Ph Ch tch Hi ng chi vin min
Nam ngy m lo lng cng cc ngnh, cc a phng iu ng hng chc ngn xe vn ti, hng
trm toa xe la, hn 30 tu bin, hng trm ln chic my bay vn ti a cn b, chin s, nhn vin
k thut cng hng vn tn v kh, phng tin vo chin trng.
T H Ni, Nam nh, tng on xe la ch y b i v v kh, n dc, hi h chy thng
vo Vinh. T y bng cc phng tin t, tu thu, ngi v sng n c chuyn tip vo min
ng Nam B.
Cc cng sng, cng bin min Bc khn trng nhn nhp. Tu thuyn ca hi qun, ca
ngnh giao thng vn ti lin tc ch xe tng, pho ln v b i vo Nng, t c ng bng
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
TNG HNH DINH TRONG MA XUN TON THNG
Chng 8
GII PHNG TRNG SA
Trong nhng ngy ny, mt s kin c bit din ra ngoi k hoch chin lc ban u. l s
V Nguyn Gip
ch o ca B Chnh tr, Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh gii phng cc o thuc qun
o Trng Sa do clun ngu Si Gn ng gi, mt vng lnh hi thing ling ca T quc c v tr
chin lc rt quan trng v kinh t v qun s.
Ngay sau chin thng Bun Ma Thut, Qun u Trung ng kin ngh vi B Chnh tr Trung
ng ng: "Va chun b cho trn quyt chin chin lc cui cng, va tin hnh gii phng cc
o v qun o qun ngu ang chim gi". Kin ngh ny c ghi vo Ngh quyt B Chnh
tr ngy 25-3-1975.
Cng t ngy y, Qun u iu anh Hong Tr, Chnh u Hi qun v lm vic cnh B Tng
Tham mu, gip theo di tnh hnh ch trn bin, kin ngh v nhim v ca Hi qun trong trn
tng giao chin cui cng. Ti cng yu cu B Tng Tham mu, B Ngoi giao cung cp ti liu v
cc o, qun o thuc vng bin ca Vit Nam, ng thi ch th cho Cc Qun bo nm tnh hnh
ch Bin ng.
Nhn vo bn qun s v hi Vit Nam, Bin ng l mt vng bin c su t 2.000
n 4.000m, ni ln hai qun o ln: Hong Sa pha bc v Trng Sa pha nam.
T th k XVII, Nh nc phong kin Vit Nam thc hin ch quyn mt cch lin tc v
ho bnh i vi hai qun o ny, hi c gi l i Trng Sa, khng gp s tranh chp ca
quc gia no. Trong i Nam nht thng ton (bn nc i Nam thng nht) c bin v
vo thi Nguyn sau 1838 l nm quc hiu Vit Nam i thnh i Nam, hai qun o Bin
ng c v thnh mt di song song vi b bin min Trung Vit Nam, ngang vi tnh Qung
Nam pha bc v tnh Khnh Ho pha nam vi tn gi "Hong Sa" v, "Vn l Trng Sa".
T 1920, chnh quyn Php ng Dng tuyn b khng nh ch quyn i vi Hong Sa,
Trng Sa v t chc qun l v mt nh nc trn hai qun o.
Sau Chin tranh th gii th hai, cuc tranh chp ch quyn din ra i vi c hai qun o
Bin ng.
Thng 4-1946, Php cho qun ra kim sot cm pha ty qun o Hong Sa. Thng 11-1946,
qun Tng b ln o Ph Lm thuc qun o Hong Sa, v thng 12 nm y b ln Itu Aba
thuc qun o Trng Sa.
Nm 1950, qun Tng rt khi hai qun o. Song nm 1951, nc Cng ho nhn dn Trung
Hoa ra tuyn b bo lu ch quyn ca Trung Quc i vi hai qun o ny. T 1956, tranh chp
din ra gia Trung Quc vi chnh quyn Nam Vit Nam. Nm 1961, chnh quyn Si Gn sp nhp
cc o thuc qun o Trng Sa vo x Phc Hi, qun t , tnh Phc Tuy.
Trong khi iu tr ti Lin X, ti c nh in sang cho bit: Ngy 19 v 20-1-1974, nhn
lc qun ngu Si Gn ang gp kh khn, Trung Quc dng hng chc tu chin v mt phi i
my bay tim kch tin cng chim cm o pha ty qun o Hong Sa (cn gi l Nguyt Thim)
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
TNG HNH DINH TRONG MA XUN TON THNG
Chng 9
CHIN DCH H CH MINH
V Nguyn Gip
trng, tnh hnh li pht trin rt nhanh, ti quyt nh lp mt t thng trc gip ti ch o tc
chin. Mi ngy bn ln, sau bui giao ban, ti trc tip nghe t bo co, t kin. ng ch
Cao Vn Khnh, Ph Tng Tham mu trng, trong t ny. L mt tr thc yu nc, tham gia
cch mng t nhng ngy Thng Tm nm 1945, anh Khnh l mt cn b qun s ch huy i on
308 nh nhng trn ln trong khng chin chng thc dn Php, tng l T lnh Mt trn B70 (Tr Thin) trong khng chin chng M, mt con ngi hng hi, trung thc, c nhiu kinh nghim ch
huy tc chin hip ng binh chng, c b i tin yu.
Sau khi ph bin quyt tm ca B Chnh tr, Qun u Trung ng v B Tng t lnh tp trung
tt c cho trn quyt chin chin lc cui cng, ti yu cu cc ng ch trong t khn trng
nghin cu t kin v phng n tc chin chin dch gii phng Si Gn - Gia nh trong tnh
hung chin dch din ra nhanh v c trong tnh hung chin dch phi ko di n ht ma ma.
Ti gi mt s im t i su nghin cu nh phng n hnh thnh th bao vy, chia ct
ch v chin lc, chin dch, kh nng tiu dit ch vng ngoi khng cho chng co cm vo
ni ; trn then cht l u, thc su vo thnh ph t hng no, bin php khng ch sng Lng
Tu, knh Ch Go, sn bay Bin Ho, sn bay Tn Sn Nht; s dng my bay ca ch nh cc
mc tiu trong thnh ph v chn ng ch chy ra bin.
Phng hp ca t thng trc c b tr ngay ti S ch huy. Ti thng xuyn ch tr cc cuc
tho lun, ghi li nhng kin tt.
Li khai ca Nguyn Vnh Nghi cng mang li nhiu thng tin quan trng. Sau khi b bt ngy
16-4 ti Phan Rang, vin trung tng ny c a ngay ra min Bc.
Trc thi i x khoan hng, nhn o ca cch mng, Nguyn Vnh Nghi tit l nhiu
iu, cho thy lc lng phng th ca ch b cng ra rt mng, lc lng d b cn rt t. Trong
ni , ch ch da vo lc lng cnh st v phng v dn s. Hng him yu nht, theo y, l tin
cng t G Du H - Trng Bng.
Trn hng ng, ch c th ph cc cu chn bc tin ca qun ta. ch b tr cc kho n
chnh Nh B v Ct Li. Long Bnh ch l kho tip liu. Do ch da ch yu vo lc lng khng
qun, nn cc sn bay Tn Sn Nht, Bin Ho v Cn Th gi vai tr quan trng, c bit l sn
bay Bin Ho, ni u cc my bay cng kch F5 v A37.
Khi c hi v tht bi ca y ti Phan Rang, Nghi li cho binh lnh tinh thn sa st, khng
chu chin u. Nh cn nui tic mt hy vng tr thnh o tng, y ni: "Chng ti thiu tip
liu v thiu thi gian. Nu cc ng nh chm mt thng na th cha bit s ra sao?"
Cc thnh vin hai phi on qun s Vit Nam dn ch cng ho v Cng ho min Nam Vit
Nam tri David trong sn bay Tn Sn Nht cng cung cp nhiu tnh hnh ng ch . Thi
ngoan c, ngang ngc ca ch gim dn, t l nghch vi tin cng v ni dy ca qun v dn
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
T cng chun b mt phng n tc chin trong ma ma. Trong trng hp ny, cn ng vin
b i gi vng quyt tm, lin tc chin u, to iu kin dt im trong ma kh sp ti. Cn
c thm lc lng b sung, thay th, chun b thm phng n tc chin v cch nh trong ma
ma a hnh vng ven Si Gn v min Ty Nam B. y mnh phong tro tin cng v ni dy
ng bng sng Cu Long, phi hp cht ch vi mt trn Si Gn.
Anh Khnh bo co xong. Ti nht tr v c bn vi kt qu nghin cu ca T, v ch th my
im:
1. Tnh hnh pht trin rt nhanh. ch ang th tht bi, th i xung v ang ng trc nguy
c sp Cc tnh hung c th thay i. Phi d kin ht nhng tnh hnh t bin khi thi c xut
hin. Phi nhanh chng bao vy, chia ct, tp trung lc lng tht mnh nh n quyt nh, tiu
dit cc s on ca ch vng ngoi, khng cho chng co cm vo Si Gn, ng thi t chc
nhng binh on mnh nhanh chng nh chim cc mc tiu quan trng trong ni .
2. Ch trng cng tc binh vn. Cn kp thi khai thc t binh, hng binh nm c tnh hnh
mi nht. Cn nm thm tnh hnh chnh tr, x hi Si Gn v ng bng sng Cu Long.
3. Cn nm vng ch trng ca B Chnh tr l Tng tin cng v ni dy, kt hp tin cng vi
ni dy.
D kin cho ht sc mnh ni dy ca qun chng v s tham gia ca nhn dn trong tc chin
v c ng ca b i.
4. Tranh th ginh thng li hon ton trc khi nhng cn ma u ma trt xung. ng thi
tnh ton thm v s dng lc lng, v hu cn chin lc, chin dch nu phi nh ko di. Trong
mi tnh hung u phi bo m chc thng.
5. D sao cng ch l nhng kin nghin cu bc u. Cn tip tc suy ngh thm. Nhc
im l cha c c tnh hnh ton din mi nht ca chin trng, nn kin ca t l tham
kho. Quyt nh l cc cp lnh o, ch huy ti ch. B Tng Tham mu c ngay cn b vo trao
i vi cc anh mt trn.
Bui lm vic kt thc, nhng ai cng thy cng vic ch mi bt u. Mi ngh u quay v
mt hng: nh vo so huyt ca ch, mt ni ng dn, c phng th vng trong vng ngoi.
Lm sao ginh thng li nhanh nht, khng cho ch co cm, tit kim c xng mu ca b i,
trnh thit hi cho dn. Nhng b c tham mu ng no n cao tm ra p s.
***
T sau Hi ngh B Chnh tr ngy 31-3-1975, quyt tm chin lc ca ng nhanh chng bin
thnh hnh ng thc tin, t tin tuyn n hu phng.
B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng tp trung ch o chin trng trng im. Vn u tin
l bo m cho cc lc lng ca ta t pha Bc n chin trng nhanh nht, nht, sung sc
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
Ti bt tay tng ngi, gi c nim tin vo trong nh mt cc anh Nam Long, ngi chin s i
Vit Nam Tuyn truyn gii phng qun nm xa, lc ny l Ph Gim c Hc vin Qun s, Don
Tu, T lnh pho binh, Nguyn Ch im, T lnh c cng, L Xun Kin, Ph T lnh thit gip,
Hong Nim, Ph T lnh thng tin, Phan Khc Hy, Ph T lnh on 559. L nhng cn b ch
huy u ngnh, c nhiu kinh nghim chin u, cc anh hng hi ra i, ha s c gng hon thnh
nhim v mc cao nht.
***
Vi s c mt y cc ng ch trong ng u v B T lnh Mt trn Si Gn - Gia nh,
trn c s cc c quan tham mu, chnh tr, hu cn, B2 c tng cng cc cn b ca on A.75
v on cn b ca B Tng t lnh, S Ch huy chin dch H Ch Minh nhanh chng hnh thnh.
Thi c lc ny i vi ta thun li v nhiu mt, cho php nhanh chng bt u cuc tng cng
kch vo Si Gn. Tuy vy, trong tnh hnh cc n v ch lc ln cha vo ht chin trng, B
Chnh tr in ch th cho B T lnh chin dch chn b thm trong t ngy, ch cc qun on vo
c u th tuyt i v lc lng so vi ch, bo m nh chc thng. Bc in do ng ch
B th th nht k tn, ni r: "Ti bn vi anh Vn, nhn thy cn chun b thm my ngy na,
n khi phn ln lc lng ca Qun on III v Qun on I (c b binh v binh kh k thut) n
ni s bt u cuc tin cng ln, cha nn lm ngay by gi.
D sao, thi gian m mn chin dch chm nht l vo h tun thng 4-1975. T nay n , cn
y mnh hot ng ca cc cnh qun, c bit l cnh qun pha ty v ty nam, ct ng s 4,
bao vy chia ct ch, lm cho chng hoang mang, ri lon, to iu kin cho trn quyt nh cui
cng".
Bo co ca B Tng Tham mu cho bit cc anh chin trng ng vi nhng kin
xut ca t thng trc v phng n tc chin gii phng Si Gn.
S nht tr gia pha trc v pha sau v vn dng ngh thut qun s Vit Nam trong thi im
quyt nh ca chin tranh lm tng thm nim tin tt thng.
Trn tinh thn , bc in ca B Chnh tr nhn mnh: "K hoch tin cng ton din cn bo
m mt khi pht ng th phi tin cng tht mnh v lin tc, dn dp n ton thng, va pht
ng tin cng ngoi vi, va c lc lng sn sng nm thi c thc su vo trung tm Si Gn t
nhiu hng, thc hin t trong nh ra, t ngoi nh vo, to iu kin cho ng bo ni dy.
Trong tnh hnh hin nay, thn tc, to bo, bt ng l ch . Cn c d kin v chun b i ph
vi tnh hung cuc chin u c th ko di mt thi gian".
Chp hnh ch th ca B Chnh tr, B T lnh chin dch H Ch Minh khn trng hon chnh
k hoch tc chin trn c s phng n c c Trung ng Cc thng qua. Tinh thn l trnh
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
nhng xo trn khng cn thit, cc lc lng B2 vn quen thuc chin trng m nhim cc
hng c a hnh phc tp, dnh nhng hng gn nht pha bc v pha ng cho cc lc lng
t xa n. Mt khc, lnh cho cc n v ca Qun khu 8, Qun khu IX, cc n v c cng, bit
ng vng ven v trong ni thnh lin tip nh ch, p st thnh ph Cn Th v cc con ng
huyt mch, nht l ng s 4 t Si Gn xung ng bng sng Cu Long. Qun v dn Nam B
hng hc kh th tin cng, pht huy sc mnh tng hp ca ba mi qun s chnh tr v binh vn
cng gip cng, gii phng mt s khu vc quan trng, ni lin cc cn c "lm" Long An, G
Cng, Bn Tre, M Tho, m ra nhng hnh lang t ng Nam B sang Ty Nam B, lm ch cc
ng giao thng quan trng. Va tc chin va xy dng lc lng, mt s tnh v huyn thnh lp
c thm nhiu tiu on, i i a phng, nhiu x c i du kch. c bit pha ty nam
Si Gn, ni c a hnh snh ly, trng tri, b i v nhn dn phi vt qua mun vn kh
khn, nh thng hnh lang Ty Ninh - Kin Tng, lm ch mt phn sng Vm C Ty, m ra
mt vng gii phng, lt sn lng thc, n dc, to th rt thun li cho mt b phn ca on
232 tin cng vo Si Gn. hng ty nam, B T lnh quyt nh tin cng vo th trn Th
Tha v th x Tn An, khng nh chim Mc Ho nh trong k hoch c. Trn nh khng thnh
cng v qun ch phng b sn. Qun ta chuyn sang nh qun ch phn ng, qut h thng n
bt ca ch bc ng s 4, gy cho ch nhiu thit hi. pha ty bc, S on 25 ngu b nh
mnh, buc phi phn tn i ph, khng co c v gi ven .
Th trn ti ch by xong.
Ngy 22-4, ln cui cng, k hoch tin cng Si Gn - Gia nh c ng u v B ch huy
chin dch H Ch Minh thng qua v ph duyt.
***
Tuyn phng ng Xun Lc sp . Tia hy vng sau cht ca ngu qun, ngu quyn cng tt
ngm.
Theo "gi " ca M, Nguyn Vn Thiu t chc tng thng. M hy vng "thay nga" i
cho tay sai mt lt mi, hng tr hon cuc tin cng ca ta vo Si Gn.
i Si Gn tra ngy 22-4 pht i ting ni bun b, ri rc v cay ng ca Thiu trch mc
quan thy M b ri mnh: "M yu cu chng ta thc hin iu khng th lm c. V vy,
ti bo h: Cc ng i hi chng ti lm iu m cc ng tht bi vi na triu binh lnh tinh
nhu v s quan c ti vi gn 300 t la chi ph trong su nm tri. Nu ti khng ni rng cc ng
b cng sn Vit Nam nh bi, th ti cng phi ni mt cch khim tn l cc ng cng khng th
chin thng. Nhng cc ng tm ng rt lui trong danh d. Hin nay, khi qun i chng ti
thiu v kh, n dc, my bay trc thng, my bay B52, cc ng li i hi chng ti lm mt iu
khng th lm c ging nh vic dng lp y i dng, ging nh cc ng a cho ti ch c
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
3 la m thc gic ti i bng my bay gh hng nht, mn phng 30 la mt ngy khch sn,
n 3-4 ming bttt v ung 7-8 ly ru mt ngy. l iu k quc!".
Thi quen n chi m thc ca vin tng thng ngu xen c vo khu kh, ngay c trong tuyn b
cui cng.
***
H tun thng 4-1975, cc lc lng ln ca qun ta ln lt vo v tr trin khai.
hng bc, Qun on I c mt khu vc nam sng B.
hng ty bc, Qun on III tin n Du Ting.
hng ty, on 232 p st tuyn sng Vm C
ng v Hu Ngha.
hng nam, Trung on 88 v Trung on 24 c tng cng Trung on 271B ng chn
Cn Giuc.
S on 5, S on 8 p st ng s 4 t Tn An n Cai Ly, p st M Tho. ng ch L c
Anh, Ph T lnh Min, Ph T lnh B ch huy chin dch, trc tip ch huy hng ty v hng
nam.
hng ug, Qun on IV sau khi gii phng Xun Lc, p st Trng Bom. Qun on II, S
on 3 v L on 52 (Qun khu 5) tin st Long Thnh, Vng Tu, Nc Trong, B Ra. ng ch
L Trng Tn, T lnh cnh qun pha ng, nay l Ph T lnh chin dch ch huy hng ny.
Tt c su trung on c cng v hng chc i bit ng sn sng t vng ven n ni
thnh.
Cc phi i ca khng qun ta sn bay Thnh Sn sn sng ct cnh.
Ti Tng hnh dinh, trn tm bn chin dch H Ch Minh, cc mi tn ln mu vt cht
ly hang cui cng ca ch.
Lc ny, qun v dn Campuchia tng bc ph v sc khng ca qun i Lon Non
ngoi vi th Phnm Pnh. c ta tr gip n sng ln, bn n pho vo trung tm thnh
ph. Ngy 12-4, M t chc cuc hnh qun mang tn "Diu hu", di tn c vn v binh lnh M ra
khi th bng ng khng. Ngy 17-4, Phnm Pnh c gii phng.
Cc c quan B Tng t lnh lm vic ngy m. c bit Phng 70 thuc Cc Qun bo,
chuyn theo di tin ch bng phng tin k thut, bm my tng pht tng gi.
Tin v cho bit: Si Gn hn lon. Binh lnh v nhn vin ngu quyn t cc tnh pha bc, nht
l t Phan Rang, Xun Lc chy v, mang theo tm trng ht hong v nhng iu mt thy tai nghe,
cng lm cho tnh hnh thm bi t. Dn chng bt u di tn. Cc s qun phng Ty ra i. Trn
Vn Hng, mt ng gi b bnh thp khp v m lo, ln thay Thiu, ku go "t th", nhng
chng my ai nghe! Ngy 23-4, ti Trng i hc Tulane New Orleans, Tng thng M Girn
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Thi c n. Ti in cho cc cnh qun n c khn trng chun b tin cng, c bit l
cnh qun pha ng phi c gng bo m nh Bin Ho theo ng k hoch.
Sng ngy 22-4, B Chnh tr hi . C tin M s loi b Trn Vn Hng bt lc, thay vo
bng mt ngi "d tip xc" hn vi Mt trn dn tc gii phng, nh dng th on ngoi giao
ngn chn cuc Tng tin cng ca ta. Cng c tin Php mun ng ra lm trung gian lin lc vi
Mt trn dn tc gii phng v H Ni hng cu vn tnh th.
Sau khi xem xt tnh hnh, anh Ba in khn vo chin trng: "M ngu tm cch tr hon cuc
tin cng ca ta vo Si Gn, lp chnh ph mi, a ra ngh ngng bn i n gii php chnh tr
cu vn tnh th khi tht bi hon ton. Thi c qun s, chnh tr m cuc Tng tin cng vo
Si Gn chn mui. Ra ch th ngay cho cc hng hnh ng kp thi, kt hp tin cng qun s
v ni dy ca qun chng".
Qun u Trung ng cng in gp cho anh Vn Tin Dng, truyn t kin ca Thng trc
Qun u Trung ng: "ch khng c quyt tm c th Si Gn khi b tin cng mnh. Chng tr
hon tm cch ngh ngng bn, ko di sang ma ma. Si Gn khng gi ni th chng rt v
ng bng sng Cu Long, ly Cn Th lm trng tm. Hng ty nam v ng s 4 sn sng ngn
chn, tiu dit ch trong tnh hung chng rt t Si Gn v Cn Th".
Ngy 23-4, hng thng tn Php AFP a tin M - ngu dng my bay C130 nm bom xi
Ctl (Daisy Cutler) v bom CBU xung cc mc tiu gia Bin Ho v Xun Lc, c hng trm
xc cht. Bom xi Ctl chuyn dng ph tng mng cy rng, dn mc tiu lm bi u cho
my bay ln thng. CBU (Cluster Bomb Units) l loi bom khi n gy ra mt m chy vi nhit
ln, to ra mt khong chn khng thiu hu mi th v lm cht ngt mi sinh vt trong vng. Ti
in ngay vo mt trn, hi 19 gi hm y: "C th y l loi bom ngt CB 455 m Uyen
ngh s dng. Cng c th ch tung tin uy hip tinh thn. Phi thc s phng. Anh Ba v
Thng trc Qun u c kin: Pht ng sm Tng tin cng lm cho hnh thi ta v ch xen k.
n v xa ngu trang cho tt. Ch phng c. Pho 130mm v 74 nh mnh vo Tn Sn
Nht v cn c khng qun Bin Ho, gy tn tht nng cho khng qun ch. Cc sn bay Cn Th,
Vng Tu, dng pho ci v c cng nh mnh".
Ngy 26-4, B Chnh tr hp, gia lc cng vic chun b mi mt t B thng soi ti cao n
B T lnh v cc n v chin trng trng im c bn hon thnh. Anh Trng Chinh, vn
rt quan tm cch nh chin lc, theo di cht ch trn tng cng kch v ni dy cui cng m
anh gi l "coup dcisif" (n quyt nh).
B Tng Tham mu bo co: Cc binh on ch lc ca ta trin khai trn cc hng. Cc n
v ch lc ti ch ca B2 cng vo v tr, sau khi tc chin to th pha nam v ty nam Si Gn.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
min lin tc loan tin chin thng. Trn bo v i, hu nh khng cn ch cho cc vn no khc
ngoi tnh hnh cuc Tng tin cng v ni dy. Cc cuc thng bo thi s lan n trong tng nh,
tng thn xm. Tin tuyn cng si ng, hu phng cng no nc, i ch.
H Ni, cc c quan B Tng t lnh thng trc 24 trn 24 gi. vi cc c quan thng
tin, bo ch, Tng hnh dinh khu vc "Nh con rng" l ni cung cp tin chin s st do nht,
nhanh chng nht, chnh xc nht. Cc Tc chin phi dnh ring mt s thi gian him hoi cng
Cc Tuyn hun pht tin cho bo v i. Cc ng ch Tng Tham mu ph Hong Vn Thi v Cao
Vn Khnh cng ti thng trc S ch huy.
Anh ch em thng tin, c yu thay phin nhau lm vic sut m ngy. Cm nc c mang
n tn ni.
Ti 27-4, Cc Tc chin bo co tnh hnh chin s vng ven Si Gn. Qun ta c bn thc hin
k hoch tc chin chin dch trn cc hng.
Hng bc, S on 312 (Qun on I) chun b tin cng Bnh C, Bnh M, to th cho qun
on trin khai lc lng vng ven.
Hng ty bc, anh V Lng, T lnh Qun on III s dng pho ci dit cc trn a ca ch.
S on 316 chn ch Ph M v ng Trng Bng.
Hng ty nam, anh L c Anh cho qun p st ng s 10, chun b tin cng ch trn
ng s 4, chia ct Si Gn vi ng bng sng Cu Long, m u cu vt sng Vm C ng,
chim lnh vng ven.
Hng ng, cnh qun ca anh L Trng Tn tin cng cn c Nc Trong, chi khu qun s
Long Thnh v th x B Ra. Nc Trong, ch chng c, dng my bay bn ph ba bi, phn
kch lin tc sut c ngy. S on 304 m nhiu t tin cng m vn cha dt im. Quyt tm
ca qun ta l phi thc hin bng c nhim v nh chim cn c Nc Trong, nht l vic trin
khai trn a pho Nhn Trch bn vo cn c khng qun Tn Sn Nht ng thi im
nh.
Qua tnh hnh din bin chin s, B Tng Tham mu nhn xt: hng ng, tuy ch chng c
ngoan c, nhng nhn chung c nhiu thun li. Hng bc v hng ty bc chm hn mt cht.
Hng ty nam c th tin kp cc mi khc. Hot ng ca qun ta trn ng s 4 t hiu qu tt,
nu pht trin mnh hn, s to thm iu kin cho hng bc v ty bc pht trin tin cng.
Ti in ngay cho anh Tn: "Cho bit ngay a kin thi c pht trin vo ni , c trong trng
hp n mc tiu sm hn thi gian quy nh. Khi c thi c c th thun li, bo m chc thng
th tranh th pht trin. Nu trn a pho 130 t xong Nhn Trch v bn c vo Tn Sn Nht
th Si Gn s rung ng ln".
Ti 28-4, cc i phng Ty a tin: Hi 16 gi 40 pht, 5 chic my bay A37 do M ch to
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
***
Sau hai ngy m mn cuc tng cng kch, ti 28-4, B Tng tham mu tng hp v bo co
tnh hnh chin trng trng im:
B i ta trn cc hng v c bn thc hin c k hoch tin cng, bao vy c lp Si
Gn, chia ct tuyn ngoi thnh ph. Ta ct ng s 15 (Si Gn - Vng Tu) v ng s 4
(Si Gn - ng bng sng Cu Long), chim c mt s mc tiu quan trng nh Trng Bom,
Long Thnh, c Thnh, th x B Ra, lm ch cn c Nc Trong. Cc sn bay Bin Ho v Tn
Sn Nht b t lit. Lc lng v trang v nhn dn vng ven Si Gn phi hp vi b i ch lc,
tin cng v ni dy, gii phng cc cn c ta ch xung quanh thnh ph. hng ng bng
sng Cu Long, b i Qun khu 8 v Qun khu IX p st cc th x Cn Th, M Tho, khng ch
sn bay Bnh Thu.
H thng ch huy ca qun ngu, t B Tng Tham mu n cc qun on u ri lon. Trn
Vn Hng phi t chc Dng Vn Minh ln thay. Nhiu nhn vt tai to mt ln trong ngu
quyn, ngu qun chun ra nc ngoi. Dng Vn Minh l con bi cui cng M - ngu a ra
dn xp vi ta hng t ti "ngng bn".
Nh vy l qua hai ngy chin u, tnh hnh din bin tt. Ngy hm sau, 29-4, b i ta trn
nm hng c th n sng tin cng vo ni thnh Si Gn, theo ng k hoch ra.
22 gi m hm y, ti in gi cc anh L c Th v Phm Hng: "Chin dch bt u
thng li gin gi. Chng ti tt c u phn khi, gi li chc cc anh kho v ton thng. Nhc cc
c quan tham mu, chnh tr: i i vi mnh lnh tc chin, cn c ch th c th v nhim v, phm
vi qun l thnh ph ca tng n v xc tin k hoch pht trin thng li, tiu dit v lm tan r
qun ch ng bng sng Cu Long. C d kin iu chnh lc lng sau khi min Nam hon
ton gii phng nht l nhng vic cn lm trc ma ma".
22 gi 30 pht, ti li in tip, gi anh Tun, anh T Nguyn, ng in anh Su, anh By:
"Chuyn li B Chnh tr v B Tng t lnh gi li cho quyt thng n ton th cn b v chin
s, ng vin v on vin.
Cc ng ch hy anh dng tin ln ginh thng li cho chin dch lch s mang tn Bc H v
i".
m 28-4-1975, mt m thc trng ca c quan Tng hnh dinh. Cc ng ch trong B Chnh
tr v Qun u Trung ng cng khng ai ng c. Nhng ngi nm c k hoch c th ca
cuc Tng tin cng v ni dy u cng thc vi chin trng, n gi "G" ca trn Tng cng
kch vo Si Gn nh n pht giao tha ca lch s.
Sng sm hm sau, B Chnh tr v Qun u Trung ng hp ti S ch huy.
Mt tm bn Si Gn - Gia nh tri rng trn bn. Cc ng ch lnh o ngi v ng xung
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
hn. n v thc su ca Qun on II vng qua cn c Long Bnh; ang pht trin theo xa l.
ven , cc lc lng v trang a phng v qun chng ni dy, phi hp vi cc binh on
ch lc. B i pht trin n u, vng gii phng m rng n .
Nhn chung, ch i ph yu t, tan r nhanh, phn ln rt chy hoc u hng khi b tin cng.
Theo k hoch, 5 gi 30 pht sng 30-4-1975, cc hng ng lot nh vo Si Gn.
Ring cnh qun pha ng, anh L Trng Tn ngh cho n sng trc t 18 gi ngy 29-4.
L do l cc lc lng ta cn cch vng ven t 15 n 20km, phi va nh ch va tin qun, li
phi vt sng ng Nai v sng Si Gn, nu cng n sng s khng n kp.
in ca anh Tn n vo lc na m. Cc Tc chin nh thc ti dy. Na gi sau, ti v anh
L Hu c ti nh anh Ba.
Sau khi anh c c bc in, ti ngh chun y cho cnh qun pha ng nh vo 18 gi
chiu ngy 29-4, sm hn gi G mi hai ting.
Anh Ba ng v ni:
- nh, nh, nh thi anh ! Lc ny, cnh qun no pht trin thng li l to thng li chung
cho ton chin dch.
Ti hi:
- in k tn anh ch?
- Khng! Anh l Tng T lnh, k tn anh.
Mt thong sau, anh Ba ni thm:
- K thm tn ti cng c, hoc ni r trao i vi anh Ba v anh Ba nht tr.
V ti Tng hnh dinh, ti vit ngay in tr li anh Tn, ng in cho anh Dng. B T lnh
chin dch H Ch Minh cng ng cnh qun pha ng n sng sm hn k hoch.
Nh vy, trn thc t t 18 gi ngy 29-4-1975, trn tin cng Si Gn - Gia nh bt u.
Tri v khuya. Cc Qun bo va nm c tnh hnh ch mi nht. Anh Cao Vn Khnh
in gp cho cc chin trng: "C tin ch ra lnh cho cc tu hi qun Cn Th, ng Tm v
Ph Quc tp trung mt a im, v mt s tu b chun b i sang o Guam. 78 my bay ca
ngu chuyn n Utapao. Theo di xem tu hi qun c ch b binh theo khng v c k hoch
nh cho kp".
Li mt m na, c Tng hnh dinh cng thc vi chin trng, v min Nam, v c nc.
***
Ngy 30-4-1975.
Gn ba mi nm qua, m ngy lch s y vn hin ln m nt trong k c, nh mi hm no.
"Nh con rng" hm nay hnh nh rng r hn trong gi xun m p. Ngi nh c, thm sn rng
v c bn con rng chu bc ln xung nh ti tn hn mi ngy. Nhng cy ngc lan tn l
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
M u, Hi ngh nghe qua dy ghi m ting ni u hng ca Tng thng ngu Dng Vn
Minh:
"Ti l Dng Vn Minh, Tng thng ca chnh quyn Si Gn.
Ti ku gi b v kh u hng v iu kin Qun gii phng, gii tn c cu chnh quyn t
trung ng n a phng v giao quyn cho Chnh ph Cch mng lm thi Cng ho min Nam
Vit Nam".
Tip l i biu Qun gii phng chp nhn s u hng ca Dng Vn Minh.
Hi ngh tip tc tho lun v cng vic sp ti v nu ln nhng vn s bn trong cuc hp
B Chnh tr ngy 3-5, chun b Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng hp hi ngh ton th.
Gn cui bui hp, mi ngi nghe c hai bc in ca cc anh L c Th, Phm Hng, Vn
Tin Dng va nhn c, trong cc anh ni r: Dng Vn Minh u hng, cc cnh qun
ca ta tip tc pht trin theo k hoch. Ta ku gi qun ch np v kh.
Cc tnh ng bng sng Cu Long si sc ni dy, lt ngu quyn, lp chnh quyn cch
mng.
Hi ngh nht tr gi ra pha trc bc in khen: "B Chnh tr Trung ng ng nhit lit khen
ngi qun v dn Si Gn - Gia nh, khen ngi ton th cn b v chin s, ng vin v on vin
thuc cc n v b i ch lc, b i a phng, b i c bit tinh nhu, dn qun t v
chin u cc k anh dng, lp chin cng chi li, tiu dit v lm tan r lc lng ln qun ch,
buc ngu quyn Si Gn phi u hng khng iu kin, gii phng thnh ph Si Gn - Gia nh,
a chin dch mang tn Bc H v i n ton thng.
Ton th cc ng ch hy nu cao tinh thn quyt thng, cng ng bo tip tc tin cng v ni
dy, gii phng hon ton min Nam thn yu ca T quc"(1).
Cc anh trong B Chnh tr ra v. Cc ng ch trong Thng trc Qun u ngi li trao i,
chun b cho cuc hp ca Qun u Trung ng d nh tin hnh vo ngy 2-5. Ti nhc thm mt
s cng tc cn ch lm tht tt, nht l vic qun l vng mi gii phng, c bit cc thnh ph
ln, va xy dng chnh quyn cch mng va truy qut tn binh, bt gi bn phn ng u s, gi
vng trt t tr an, bo v ti sn, tnh mng ca dn v ti sn cng cng, n nh i sng.
Mi cn b, chin s phi! mt cn b dn vn, bit pht ng nhn dn cng vi b i v cc
lc lng cch mng lm ch a bn. Ti cng lu B Tng Tham mu gii quyt s qun ch
ng bng sng Cu Long v cc o Cn Sn, Ph Quc, n anh ch em t chnh tr tr v. Vic
xy dng v iu chnh lc lng trong iu kin t nc thng nht v s lng rt ln trang b k
thut ca ch va thu c cng phi khn trng nghin cu xut vi B Chnh tr v Qun u.
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
Ngy Quc t Lao ng mang thm ngha ngy chin thng. Tnh giai cp ho quyn trong tnh
dn tc, lm ni bt mt nt p trong t tng cch mng ca Bc H.
Ti S ch huy, B Tng Tham mu bo co tnh hnh ng bng sng Cu Long v cc o cn
li. Khi bit tin Dng Vn Minh tuyn b u hng, phn ln cc tnh, lc lng v trang ta
kt hp vi qun chng ni dy, s lng c ni c ti hng vn ngi nh Tr Vinh, Sc Trng,
C Mau, tin cng mnh vo ngu qun, ngu quyn c s, buc chng phi u hng. Cn Th,
m 29-4, S on 4 tin cng hai sn bay Bnh Thu v Tr Nc, Tiu on Ty , Tiu on 303
kt hp tc chin vi binh vn tin cng S ch huy ch trong thnh ph. Nguyn Khoa Nam, T
lnh Vng IV chin thut t st. Chiu 30-4, tnh Cn Th c gii phng.
Vnh Long, Tr Vinh, mc d b qun v dn ta tin cng, uy hip, m 29 v sng 30-4, mt
b phn qun ch y cn chng tr quyt lit. n 17 gi chiu 30-4, Tnh trng Vnh Long v
S on trng S on 9 ngu phi u hng. Vi hai tiu on v lc lng qun chng c cc s
si tham gia rt ng o, ta gii phng Tr Vinh trong ngy 30-4.
Sau khi chim c cc thnh ph, th x quan trng, ta kp thi a lc lng tin su vo
cc vng ng bo cc tn gio nh Long Xuyn, Chu c, Sa c, bc hng nhiu n bt ch.
cc vng nng thn Nam B, hng trm chi khu, phn chi khu qun s, hng ngn n bt ca
ch tan r, u hng trc ln sng tin cng v ni dy ca qun v dn cc a phng. C vng
chu th sng Tin, sng Hu c gii phng.
Ti Cn Sn, ngy 30-4 v 1-5-1975, nhng ngi cch mng b ch giam cm y ni dy
ph nh lao, gii phng o: Cc lc lng ti ch Ph Quc kt hp vi anh ch em t chnh tr
trong cc tri giam tin cng v ni dy gii phng o trc khi lc lng ta t t lin ra ti ni.
Cho n ngy 2-5-1975, trn ton min Nam sch bng qun th.
Chin dch H Ch Minh ton thng. Cuc Tng tin cng v ni dy, trn quyt chin chin
lc cui cng ca qun v dn ta ton thng.
***
i thng ma Xun 1975 l kt qu rc r ca vic thc hin ba n chin lc: Chin dch Ty
Nguyn, chin dch Hu - Nng, chin dch H Ch Minh, kt hp vi cc mi tin cng qun s,
chnh tr, binh vn si ni ca qun v dn min Nam ngay t u v trong c qu trnh T)ng tin
cng v ni dy. Cn phi k n hai mi tin cng ngoi k hoch: l s hnh thnh v chin
u dng mnh, thn tc ca cnh qun pha ng, thc y tnh hnh chin trng pht trin mau l,
kp thi tng cng lc lng cho trn chin u quyt nh dit ch so huyt cui cng. l
mi tin cng sc bn trn vng lnh hi, nhanh chng gii phng qun o Trng Sa v cc o
ven bin, hon thnh trn vn nhim v gii phng min Nam. y, cc n tin cng qun s
mnh mang ngha quyt nh. Cc cuc ni dy ca nhn dn si ni, rng khp, mun hnh mun
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
trong Tn Vit, ti n Si Gn vi nhim v chuyn k b Tn Vit sang hng ng cng sn. Sau
, nm 1935, ti li vo gp nhm ng vin hot ng na cng khai, nhn ti liu ca ng
Dng i hi mang ra H Ni. Tm n cc c s c th hu ht khng cn na. Nhiu n nhn
ca cch mng khng cn c thy ngy khi hon ca dn tc.
Tip , ti n thm cc binh on ch lc, cc n v c cng, bit ng, cc n v b i
a phng.
Nhng "Anh b i C H" va lm nn k tch, nhng ht sc gian d, thn tnh. Ti khen ngi
chin cng ca cn b, chin s, lng bi ngi thng tic bao ng ch, ng i va ng xung
T quc trng tn.
Ti cng n quan st B Tng Tham mu qun i ngu. Ti phng lm vic ca Tng
Tham mu trng, ti ch n t lch ngy 28 thng 4 cn bc d.
Trong phng trin lm v kh, nhiu loi v kh trang b hin i u c trng by. Trn mt
tm bn ng Dng chi cht nhng du chm xanh, , nh du nhng ni m v kh, trang b
in t pht hin cc cn c ca ta, nht l trn ng vn chuyn chin lc Trng Sn. Cm
tng su sc nht ca ti l: v kh k thut M d hin i n u cng khng th cu k th khi
tht bi. Quyt nh thng li l con ngi Vit Nam yu nc, dng cm, thng minh.
Ch thch:
(1) L Dun: Th vo Nam, Nh xut bn. S tht, H Ni. 1985, tr. 395.
V Nguyn Gip
TNG HNH DINH TRONG MA XUN TON THNG
Chng 10
I DNG SUY NGM
Ti mun anh nhng trang cui ca tp hi c ny suy ngm v cuc trng chinh 30 nm gii
phng dn tc v bo v T quc ca nhn dn ta di ngn c v vang ca ng. Cng nhn su v
qu kh cng thy r tng lai.
Ngy ton thng 30-4-1975 i vo lch s.
Trong qu trnh cch mng Vit Nam t khi c ng, ba "ci mc chi li bng vng": Tng
khi ngha Thng Tm, in Bin Ph v ma Xun 1975 i thng mi mi sng ngi trong s
sch. Nhn dn Vit Nam lm nn cu chuyn thn k tng chng nh khng th lm -c
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
ch ngha x hi. T ch ngha Mc-Lmn, Nguyn i Quc tip thu th gii quan v nhn sinh
quan cch mng, tip thu v pht trin phng php lun Mc - Lnin, phng php duy vt lch s
v duy vt bin chng.
Vi mc tiu cch mng mi, cuc u tranh yu nc khng nhng mang li c lp, thng
nht cho T quc m cn mang li t do v hnh phc cho giai cp cng nhn v nhn dn lao ng,
cho ton dn. Cuc chin tranh gii phng tr thnh cuc chin tranh ton dn, mt cuc chin
tranh chnh ngha "v dn" v "do dn" c sc mnh v cng to ln qut ng mi k th. Vi "Chnh
cng vn tt", "Sch lc vn tt" v "Li ku gi nhn ngy thnh lp ng", ng li cu nc
phi l "ng Kch mnh", ng tin phong l ng Cng sn Vit Nam. Tri qua nhng nm
thng u tranh, ng li cch mng c hon chnh vo nm 1941, khi ng t vn gii
phng dn tc ln trn ht, on kt mi lc lng yu nc trong mt trn Vit Minh, pht ng v
trang khi ngha, a Cch mng Thng Tm n thng li.
Trn c s ng li cch mng ca ng, hc thuyt qun s Vit Nam pht trin vt bc,
gii quyt thnh cng trong iu kin ca thi i mi vn ct li hu nh mt nghch l: "ly nh
thng ln", "ly t ch nhiu.
Hc thuyt qun s Vit Nam lun nm vng mc tiu cch mng, ch ngha Mc - Lnin v t
tng H Ch Minh, xut pht t thc tin, phn tch tnh hnh thc tin, tm ra quy lut v hnh
ng theo quy lut, nh thng mi k ch hung bo. Hc thuyt y lun theo di din bin mau l
v so snh lc lng gia ch v ta trn chin trng, tm ra v to thi c c li nht cho ta, to th
mnh ca ta, khot su th yu ca ch, tp trung lc lng tiu dit ch. Khi tnh hnh thay i th
kp thi thay i quyt sch v chin lc, chin thut, tch cc ch ng, c ng, linh hot, b mt,
bt ng, ginh c thng li ln nht, thng l trong nhng iu kin kh khn nht.
Pht huy n mc cao nht tinh thn "quyt chin quyt thng", "Khng c g qu hn c lp,
t do", khi dy ngh lc sng to v ti thao lc ca mi ngi v ca ton dn tc, pht trin n
nh cao tr tu Vit Nam, qun v dn ta lm nn nhng chin cng hin hch tng chng nh
huyn thoi.
Kin nh mc tiu cch mng, vn dng th gii quan, quan im thc tin, phung php lun
Mc - Lnin v t tng H Ch Minh l bi hc mang tnh cch mng v khoa hc, c ngha to
ln ca hc thuyt qun s Vit Nam trong thi i H Ch Minh. Lm ng theo bi hc th
thnh cng. Khng lm theo bi hc th sai lm, tht bi.
Cn nh nhng ngy u thng 8-1945, Ch tch H Ch Minh thy r thi c ln n. Ngi
quyt nh nht thit phi hp Quc dn i hi vo trung tun thng 8, d cc i biu cha v .
Ngy 13-8-1945, Trung ng ng ra lnh Tng khi ngha, a Cch mng Thng Tm n thnh
cng Th H Ni v trong c nc ch trong vng mt tun l. Nc Vit Nam dn ch cng
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Tri qua chn nm khng chin lu di, gian kh chng quc Php xm lc, ti mt trn in
Bin Ph, khi thc tin chin trng thay i, chng ta h quyt tm chuyn t phng chm
"nh nhanh thng nhanh" sang phng chm "nh chc tin chc".
T k hoch tiu dit ch trong ba m hai ngy sang k hoch chin u lin tc trong 56 ngy
m. Quyt tm thay i phng chm y c Bc H v B Chnh tr ph chun. Cui cng,
qun v dn ta tiu dit tp on c im mnh nht ca quc Php c M gip sc, mt
pho i m Php v M u cho l "bt kh xm phm".
Trong cuc khng chin chng M ko di 21 nm tri, cuc Tng tin cng v ni dy ma
Xun nm 1975 l mt in hnh thnh cng ca hc thuyt qun s Vit Nam. Theo di s pht
trin cc k mau l ca tnh hnh ch, ta trn chin trng, B thng soi ti cao c nhng quyt
nh kp thi khi thi c mi xut hin, chuyn k hoch c bn gii phng min Nam t hai n ba
nm lc u sang k hoch thi c, rt xung mt nm ri quyt nh kt thc trc ma ma, ch
trong vng cha y hai thng, ginh c thng li hon ton v trn vn.
c lp v t ch, thng minh v sng to, l nt ni bt ca hc thuyt qun s Vit Nam.
Trong lch s ng cha ta nh gic, nht l t thi L, Trn v sau, cc bc tin nhn c nhiu
sch ca cc nh chin lc qun s Trung Hoa c, nhng khng phi lc no cng ch trng
"nh mau gii quyt mau" hoc phi c lc lng gp ch mi ln mi tin cng. Trong nhng
nm khng chin va qua, cc tng lnh Vit Nam tip thu tinh hoa qun s th gii, nhng nh
th theo cch nh Vit Nam. Chnh v th m chng ta thng.
Nm 1971, ti sang Lin X khng nh quyt tm nh M n thng li hon ton v ngh
bn c s gip c bit. Ti cuc hp vi cc ng ch trong B Chnh tr ng Cng sn Lin
X, ng ch Cxghin hi: "Ti xin hi ng ch Gip. ng ch ni Vit Nam nh thng M. Ti
mun bit cc ng ch c bao nhiu s on b binh c gii v M c bao nhiu? Xe tng, pho
hng nng, my bay chin u, cc ng ch c bao nhiu v M c bao nhiu? Kh nng v phng
khng, v tn la, v thng tin, raa ca cc ng ch nh th no? Xin ng ch ni qua cho ti
bit". Ti tr li: "Ti hiu cu hi ca ng ch. ng ch mun bit v vn so snh lc lng
gia chng ti vi M. Theo hc thuyt qun s Xvit l nh vy. Hc thuyt qun s Xvit l ht
sc u vit, chin thng pht xt c. iu rt r rng. Nhng, ti xin ni nu chng ti nh
theo cch nh ca cc ng ch th chng ti khng ng ni c hai ting ng h. Chng ti
nh theo cch nh khc, cch nh ca Vit Nam, v chng ti s thng". Sau ngy, ton thng, c
dp tr li Lin X, gp li ng ch Cxghin, ti cm n Lin X nhit tnh gip Vit Nam
nh M. ng ch vui v ni: "Vit Nam thng to qu, nh th tt qu! Xin chc mng cc ng
ch".
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Mt vn c tnh quy lut ca chin tranh nhn dn Vit Nam l: Ton dn nh gic. C nc
nh Php, nh M, khng phn bit tin tuyn, hu phng. ch thng nht T quc l th v lc
mnh trong chin tranh. Nc Vit Nam l mt. Dn tc Vit Nam l mt. Chin trng Vit Nam l
mt. C dn tc kt thnh mt khi trong tnh ng bo cng chung ging ni Hng Lc, khng th
ct chia. Th nh n nc l chung ca c dn tc. C nc vng ln p tan xch xing, lm nn
Cch mng Thng Tm. Gic Php quay li xm lc Nam B, min Bc, min Trung xung phong
Nam tin. Bc B l chin trng chnh, Trung B v Nam B phi hp ht mnh. Min Nam l tin
tuyn ln, ni "trc tip quyt nh" thng li, min Bc l hu phng ln, c vai tr "quyt nh
nht". Di ma bom M, min Bc kin cng nh tr, chi vin sc ngi, sc ca, tt c v min
Nam rut tht. C nc v min Nam, min Nam v c nc. Min Nam gi, min Bc tr li. K th
ng n min Bc mt, min Nam nh cho chng gp nm, gp mi ln. Con s hn mt triu
cn b, chin s qu min Bc "x dc Trng Sn i cu nc", trong hng chc vn ngi
vnh vin nm li trn chin trng l mt biu trng chi li.
Trong nhng nm khng chin chng Php, chng M, cng c lc, do khng nm vng
ng li qun s ca ng v t tng qun s H Ch Minh, khng i st thc tin v khng lm
theo quy lut, ch quan, duy ch, nn hn ch khng t thng li v chu nhiu tn tht.
c mt thi gian, mi quan h gia chin tranh du kch v chin tranh chnh quy l ti
tranh lun ko di trong cc cn b qun s chin trng. Mt s ng ch nhn thc khng ng,
ch ch trng y mnh u tranh chnh tr, chin tranh du kch, ch chm lo xy dng lc lng
chnh tr, lc lng v trang a phng v dn qun du kch, coi nh xy dng b i ch lc. Mt
s nh chin lc nc ngoi nghin cu v Vit Nam cng thng cho rng chin tranh nhn dn
ng ngha vi chin tranh du kch. l nhng nhn thc hon ton sai tri. ng ta khng bao gi
c mt chin lc qun s thun tu, v cng cha bao gi hn ch chin tranh mc chin tranh
du kch. Chin lc chin tranh cch mng ca ng l mt chin lc tng hp, kt hp u tranh
qun s, u tranh chnh tr, u tranh ngoi giao, kt hp chin tranh du kch vi chin tranh chnh
quy, kt hp nh nh, nh va, nh ln. Trong khi y mnh u tranh chnh tr, pht trin chin
tranh du kch, ng ta lun coi trng xy dng b i ch lc thnh nhng binh on mnh t tiu
on, trung on, s on n qun on, tr thnh nhng "qu m thp" sc ging cho ch
nhng n tiu dit ln, quyt nh chin trng.
Li nh do khng nm vng quy lut ca khi ngha v chin tranh nn c ch trng kt hp
vi tng cng kch, tin hnh tng khi ngha trong chin tranh ngay khi trn chin trng cn hn
na triu qun M v hn mt triu qun ngu v qun cc nc ph thuc. Cuc Tng tin cng v
ni dy Xun Mu Thn (1968) li mt bi hc su sc v khuyt im ny.
Trn tng tin cng bt ng v ng lot nh vo cc th v hu ht cc cn c hu cn ln
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
ca ch ginh thng li vang di, nh bi chin lc "chin tranh cc b", buc M phi xung
thang chin tranh. L ra phi chuyn hng hot ng v nng thn, nhng chng ta li ch trng
tip tc tin cng vo cc th nhm dy ln tng khi ngha, cui cng tng khi ngha vn khng
din ra, cch mng phi chu nhiu tn tht.
Mt v d khc do lm sai quy lut nn phi tr gi bng xng mu. Cch mng l tin cng. T
tng chin lc ca chin tranh cch mng bao gi cng l t tng tin cng. Cn hnh thc tc
chin th c tc chin tin cng, tc chin phng ng k c v chin lc chin ch v chin u.
Tuy nhin, do nhn thc khng ng nn trong mt thi gian di, mt s cn b cho rng trong chin
tranh ch c ng li tin cng, ph nhn phng ng, thm ch coi phng ng l iu cm k. V
vy m trong mt s trn nh, b i b thng vong.
Trong nhng nm gn y, M v mt s cng quc pht trin v kh v trang b hin i. Cuc
chy ua v trang vn ang tip tc. i i vi s xut hin ca mt chin lc mi, t "nhn
quyn" ln trn "ch quyn", mt s th lc hiu chin t cho php xm lc mt quc gia c lp
v c ch quyn, bt chp lut php quc t.
Sau chin tranh vng Vnh (1991), va qua li din ra cuc chin tranh xm lc Kosovo. Mt
iu mi t ra: Trong iu kin chin tranh xm lc vi v kh cng ngh cao, th hc thuyt qun
s Vit Nam cn c gi tr hay khng?
Chng ta khng bao gi ch quan khinh ch, lun coi trng y mnh cng tc nghin cu khoa
hc v k thut, qun s, pht trin hc thuyt qun s ln nhng bc mi. V chng ta c th
khng nh ngay rng: Hc thuyt qun s Vit Nam trong thi i H Ch Minh hon ton c kh
nng gi vng nn c lp ch quyn v ton vn lnh th ca t nc, nh bi mi cuc chin
tranh xm lc bt k t u ti.
***
Nn vn ho Vit Nam, ng li cch mng ng n ca ng, hc thuyt qun s Vit Nam
c o, sng to khng ngng pht trin l, sc mnh ca Vit Nam trong thi i H Ch Minh.
Hiu c iu c bn y, s gii p c cc cu hi t ra.
Sau ngy qun v dn ta p tan cuc tp kch bng khng qun chin lc B52 ca M, nh s
hc Php Pie Risa Phray ni. rt ng: "Nhng tn la SAM c s dng bi t tng ly nh
thng ln, bi nn vn ho Vit Nam, bi "t cht Vit Nam" (la Vietnamit) theo chng ti chnh l
cha kho m ca thng li ca Vit Nam"(1).
Khng hiu c iu , k th chuc ly tht bi cng l l tt nhin.
Kennedy con (J.F.K Junior) khi cn sng sang thm Vt Nam vi thin ch tm hiu su v
sai lm ca cha mnh i vi t nc ho bnh v hu ngh ny. Sau khi thm Pc B v, anh ta bn
khon khng hiu v sao trong nhng ngy gian kh y, sng ni hang hoang s m nhng ngi
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
Vit Nam li c th tin s c thng li hm nay? Hn na li thng ngay khi Php v M c nhng
c gng chin tranh cao nht. Khi nghe ti ni qua v nn vn ho v lch s Vit Nam, anh ta vui
mng tht s nh c v l ra, iu m Kennedy cha v con trc y khng h hay bit.
Thng 11-1995, theo ngh ca pha M, ti tip ng Rbt Mc Namara, nguyn B trng
Quc phng di thi hai tng thng Kennedy v Ginxn, mt trong nhng kin trc s ca chin
tranh xm lc Vit Nam.
Trong cu chuyn, ti nhn xt:
- Trong cun hi tng ca ngi (2) c mt iu m ti cho l ng. l M nh Vit Nam
m khng hiu g v lch s, a l, vn ho, phong tc, tp qun, v con ngi Vit Nam, dn tc
Vit Nam ni chung v nhng ngi lnh o Vit Nam ni ring. Chng ti c mt nn vn ho
vng bn, c mt hc thuyt qun s c o c th thch trong lch s. V vy m chng ti
thng.
ng Mc Namara p:
- Vng, ng nh vy.
Cui cng th ng cng nhn ra c mt chn l, rt tic l qu mun mng.
***
Trn quyt chin chin lc ma Xun 1975 nh du bc pht trin mi ht sc rc r ca
ngh thut chin tranh nhn dn trong iu kin hin i, c bit l ngh thut iu hnh chin tranh
giai on kt thc, ngh thut t chc v ch o thc hnh nhng trn then cht quyt nh, a
khng chin n ton thng.
Trong nhng nhn t ch quan a n thng li, phi k n cc c quan qun s chin lc
ca Tng hnh dinh. Sut 56 ngy m, t th trng n cn b, nhn vin, mi ngi lm vic
khng tic sc mnh, phc v B thng soi ti cao lnh o, ch o cc chin trng v hu
phng chin u v chin thng.
Thng li ca chin tranh l kt qu ca s hy sinh, n lc to ln ca ton dn tc trong cuc u
tr, u lc quyt lit lu di gia ta v ch, ca s lnh o, ch o, iu hnh, ch huy tm v m
kt hp vi hot ng chin u v u tranh c th ca tng chin trng, tng n v, khng phi
ch ring mt chin trng no, mt b phn no, trong B Chnh tr.
Qun u Trung ng v cc c quan tham mu chin lc gi vai tr c bit quan trng. Ma
Xun 1975, B thng soi ti cao t r ti nng mu lc, hiu ch, hiu mnh, iu hnh ton
din cuc chin tranh trn phm vi c nc, khn trng, linh hot, thn trng, chc thng, ginh
ton thng trong tnh hnh quc t v cng phc tp gia nhng nm 70. Cc chin dch u din ra
theo mt k hoch thng nht ca B Tng t lnh, c s phi hp vi nhau c v k hoch v tnh
hung chin dch, to tin cho nhau v cng to ra iu kin hnh thnh n quyt nh chin lc
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip
V Nguyn Gip
R rng, khi bc vo th k XXI v thin nin k th III, ng ta, giai cp cng nhn v ton
dn ta ang ng trc nhng vn hi ln, ng thi phi i mt vi nhng thch thc mi cha
tng c. Cng nh trc y trong nhng bc ngot ln ca u tranh gii phng dn tc, ng ta
xut pht t thc tn v ra nhng quyt sch t ph ph hp vi quy lut vn ng ca chin
tranh cch mng, ngy nay, ng c nhng quyt sch chin lc "oi mi" v sng to.
l quyt sch u tin pht trin lc lng sn xut bi v nh Mc khng nh "lc lng
sn xut l tin ca mi tin " ca ch ngha x hi, ch ngha cng sn, ng nhin vi quan
h sn xut thch hp.
l quyt sch coi gio dc v o to, khoa hc v cng ngh l quc sch s mt, bi v khoa
hc v tr tu tr thnh lc lng sn xut hng u, cng ngh tin tin l ni dung v ng lc
ca cng cuc hin i ho.
l pht huy n nh cao ni lc ca t nc, ch yu l con ngi, trn c s m ch
ng hi nhp vo khu vc v th gii: tranh th cc ngun vn, cng ngh v tri thc quan l ca
nc ngoi.
l ch, trng xy dng v chnh n ng, lm cho ng trong sch, vng mnh, lun nm
vng l lun tin phong, nng cao o c cch mng, dit tr cc t nn x hi, xng ng l lng
tm, danh d v tr tu ca giai cp cng nhn v ca dn tc, trn c s m chnh n Nh nc
ca dn, v dn, do dn, tng cng v m rng Mt trn dn tc thng nht.
l lun lun nu cao tinh thn cnh gic, gi vng c lp ch quyn, coi trng vic xy dng
sc mnh tng hp ca nn quc phng ton dn, tranh th s ng tnh, ng h mc cao nht ca
cc phong tro ho bnh, c lp dn tc, dn ch v tin b trn th gii.
Ton dn ta on kt mt lng, khc phc mi t tng ch quan, bo th, gio iu my mc,
thc hin bng c cc quyt sch m ng ra.
Di ngn c tt thng ca ng v ca Bc H v i, vi hoi bo ln, kin nh trong mi
tnh hung vi ngh lc sng to v tr tu Vit Nam trong thi i mi, nhn dn ta on kt, i
on kt, s bin nhng c m tr thnh hin thc, tin ln tip tc i mi, cng nghip ho, hin
i ho, ginh nhng thng li mi, pht trin vi nhp nhanh v bn vng, snh vai vi cc nc
trung bnh, ri tng bc vi cc nc tin tin trn th gii, nh trc y t mt nc thuc a
tr thnh mt trong nhng nc i tin phong trong tro lu gii phng dn tc.
Ch thch:
(1) Pie Risa Phray: Nc Vit Nam t ngun gc xa xa n ngy nay, Nh xut bn Bo ch
i hc Php, 1990, tr. 87.
(2) R. S. Mc Namara: Nhn li qu kh. Tn thm kch v nhng bi hc v Vit Nam, Nh xut
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
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TNG HNH DINH TRONG MA XUN TON THNG
T liu tham kho
V Nguyn Gip
15. i tng Hong Vn Thi: Nhng nm thng quyt nh, Nh xut bn Qun i nhn dn,
H Ni, 1984.
16. i tng L Trng Tn: Trc nhng ngy lch s Xun 1975, Tp ch Vn ngh qun i,
thng 4-1985.
17. Thng tng Trn Vn Tr: Kt thc 30 nm chin tranh, tp V.
18. Thng tng Trn Vn Tr: Cm nhn v Xun Mu Thn 1968, Nh xut bn Tr, thnh
ph H Ch Minh, 1998.
19. ng S Nguyn: ng H Ch Minh, mt sng to chin lc c o ca ng, Nh xut
bn Qun i nhn dn, H Ni, 1999.
20. Thng tng Hong Minh Tho: Chin dch Ty Nguyn i thng, Nh xut bn Qun i
nhn dn, H Ni, 1977.
21. Thng tng Nguyn Hu An: Chin trng mi, Nh xut bn Qun i nhn dn, H
Ni, 1995.
22. Thng tng ng V Hip: K c Ty Nguyn, bo Qun i nhn dn t 8-3-2000-16-32000.
23. Lch s b i Trng Sn trn ng H Ch Minh, Nh xut bn Qun i nhn dn, H
Ni, 1994.
24. Hong Vn Khnh: nh thng B52, Nh xut bn Qun i nhn dn. H Ni, 1993.
25. Ha Mnh Ti: m 18 thng 12 nm y, Bo Qun i nhn dn s 12791 ngy 23-121999.
26. Ha Mnh Ti: Thy V, Bo Cu Chin binh Th , 11-1999.
27. Nguyn c Hng (T Chu): Bit ng Si Gn, Nh xut bn Tr, thnh ph H Ch Minh,
1999.
28. Trn Nhn: H Ni, in Bin Ph trn khng, Nh xut bn Qun i nhn dn, H Ni,
1992.
29. Lch s Qun khu 5, Nh xut bn Qun i nhn dn, H Ni.
30. Lch s Hi qun nhn dn Vit Nam, Nh xut bn Qun i nhn dn. H Ni. 1985.
31. R.S. Mc Namara: Nhn li qu kh. Tn thm kch v nhng bi hc v Vit Nam, Nh xut
bn Chnh tr quc gia. H Ni, 1995.
32. George C. Herring: Cuc chin tranh di ngy nht ca nc M, Nh xut bn Chnh tr
quc gia, H Ni, 1998.
33. Philip B. avixn: Nhng b mt ca cuc chin tranh Vit Nam, Nh xut bn Chnh tr
quc gia, H Ni. 1995.
34. Peter A. Puler: Nc M v ng Dng - T Rudven n Nchxn, Nh xut bn Thng
To Ebook: Nguyn Kim V
V Nguyn Gip