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funk I+kQkkyh
ikB dk lkj
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ckbfcy osQ lksykseu dks oqQjvku esa lqyseku dgk x;k gSA os bZlk
ls 1025 o"kZ iwoZ ,d ckn'kkg FksA os euq"; dh gh ugha i'kq&if{k;ksa
dh Hkh Hkk"kk le>rs FksA ,d ckj os vius y'dj osQ lkFk jkLrs ls xqkj
jgs FksA jkLrs esa oqQN phfV;k muosQ ?kksMk+ sa dh vkokk lqudj vius fcyksa
dh rjiQ okil py iM+haA lqyseku us muls dgk] ^?kcjkvks ugha]
lqyseku dks [kqnk us lcdk j[kokyk cuk;k gSA eSa fdlh osQ fy,
eqlhcr ugha gwA lcosQ fy, eqgCcr gwA* ;g dgdj os viuh eafky
dh rjiQ c<+us yxsA
l/h Hkk"kk osQ egkdfo 'ks[k v;kk us viuh vkRedFkk esa
fy[kk gS ,d fnu muosQ firk oqQ, ls ugkdj ykSVs rks ek us Hkkstu
ijkslkA mUgksaus tSls gh jksVh dk dkSj rksM+k] rks mUgsa viuh cktw ij ,d
phaVk fn[kkbZ fn;kA mls ns[kdj os mB [kM+s gq,A os cksys eSaus ,d
?kjokys dks cs?kj dj fn;k gSA ml cs?kj dks oqQ, ij mlosQ ?kj NksM+us
tk jgk gwA
ckbfcy vkSj nwljs ikou xzaFkksa esa uwg uke osQ ,d iSxacj dk
fk feyrk gSA mudk vlyh uke y'kdj FkkA uwg osQ lkeus ls ,d
ckj ,d ?kk;y oqQRrk xqkjkA uwg us mls nqRdkjrs gq, dgk] ^nwj gks tk
xans oqQRrs!* bl ij oqQRrs us tokc fn;k u eSa viuh ekhZ ls oqQRrk
gw] u rqe viuh ilan ls bulku gksA cukus okyk lcdk rks ogh ,d
gSA uwg mldh ckr lqudj lkjh mez jksrs jgsA egkHkkjr esa Hkh ,d
oqQRrs us ;qf/f"Bj dk var rd lkFk fn;k FkkA
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([k) fyf[kr
(d) fuEufyf[kr 'uksa osQ mRrj (25&30 'kCnksa esa) fyf[k, %
1- vjc esa y'kdj dks uwg osQ uke ls D;ksa ;kn djrs gSa\
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
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mRrj % vjc esa y'kdj dks uwg osQ ydc uke ls blfy, ;kn
fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd uwg uked iSxacj dk vlyh uke
y'kdj gh FkkA
2- ys[kd dh ek fdl le; isM+ksa osQ iRrs rksM+us dks euk
djrh Fkh vkSj D;ksa\
[CBSE 2011 (Term-II)]
mRrj % ys[kd dh ek lwjt <yus ij isM+ksa osQ iRrs rksM+us ls
blfy, euk djrh Fkha D;ksafd og ekurh Fkh fd bl le;
iRrs rksM+us ls isM+ jksrs gSaA fdlh dks nq[k igqpkuk Bhd
ugha gSA
3- izfr esa vk, vlarqyu dk D;k ifj.kke gqvk\
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ckbfcy vkSj nwljs ikou xzaFkksa esa uwg uke osQ ,d iSxca j dk fk
feyrk gSA mudk vlyh uke y'kdj Fkk] ysfdu vjc us mudks uwg
osQ ydc ls ;kn fd;k gSA og blfy, fd vki lkjh mez jksrs jgsA
bldk dkj.k ,d k[eh oqQRrk FkkA uwg osQ lkeus ls ,d ckj ,d
?kk;y oqQRrk xqkjkA uwg us mls nqRdkjrs gq, dgk] ^nwj gks tk xans
oqQRrs!* bLyke esa oqQRrksa dks xank le>k tkrk gSA oqQRrs us mudh nqRdkj
lqudj tokc fn;k---^u eSa viuh ethZ ls oqQRrk gw] u rqe viuh ilan
ls bulku gksA cukus okyk lcdk rks ogh ,d gSA*
eV~Vh ls eV~Vh feys] [kks osQ lHkh fu'kkuA
fdlesa fdruk dkSu gS] oSQls gks igpkuAA
uwg us tc mldh ckr lquh rks nq[kh gksdj eqnn~ r rd jksrs jgsA
^egkHkkjr* esa ;qfkf"Bj dk tks var rd lkFk fuHkkrk ukj vkrk gS]
og Hkh izrhdkRed :i esa ,d oqQRrk gh FkkA lc lkFk NksMr+ s x, rks
osQoy ogh muosQ ,dkar dks 'kkar dj jgk FkkA
(d) ikB ,oa ys[kd dk uke fyf[k,A
mRrj % bl ikB dk uke gS ^vc dgk nwljs osQ nq[k ls nq[kh gksus
okys*A blosQ ys[kd gaSA funk i- QktyhA
([k) uwg dkSu Fks\ os lkjh mez D;ksa jksrs jgs\
mRrj % uwg ,d iSxacj Fks ftudk ftozQ ckbfcy vkSj vU; ikou
xzUFkksa esa gqvk gSA ,d ckj muosQ lkeus ls ,d ?kk;y oqQRrk
xqtjkA uwg us mlls dgk xans oqQRrs esjh vk[kksa osQ lkeus ls
nwj gks tkA oqQRrs us dgk u eSa viuh ethZ ls oqQRrk gqvk gAw
u rqe viuh ethZ ls euq";A gedks cukus okyk ,d gSA bl
ckr dks lqudj uwg nq[kh gq, vkSj jksrs jgsA
(x) O;fDr dh igpku dSls gksrh gS\ bl lanHkZ esa ys[kd
D;k dguk pkgrk gS\
mRrj % O;fDr dh igpku mlosQ LoHkko ls gksrh gSA D;ksfa d ys[kd
osQ vuqlkj feV~Vh dk 'kjhj ,d fnu feV~Vh esa fey tkrk gSA
fiQj feV~Vh vkSj 'kjhj esa dksbZ varj ugha jg tkrkA
3- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k osQ vkkkj ij 'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,A
nqfu;k oSQls otwn esa vkbZ\ igys D;k Fkh\ fdl fcanq ls bldh
;k=kk 'kq: gqbZ\ bu iz'uksa osQ mRrj foKku viuh rjg ls nsrk gS] kkfeZd
xzFa k viuh&viuh rjg lsA lalkj dh jpuk Hkys gh oSQls gqbZ gks] ysfdu
kjrh fdlh ,d dh ugha gSA iaNh] ekuo] i'kq] unh] ioZr] leanj vkfn
dh blesa cjkcj dh fgLlsnkjh gSA ;g vkSj ckr gS fd bl fgLlsnkjh
esa ekuo tkfr us viuh cqf ls cM+h&cM+h nhokjsa [kM+h dj nh gSAa
4
igys iwjk lalkj ,d ifjokj osQ leku FkkA vc VqdM+ksa esa cVdj
,d&nwljs ls nwj gks pqdk gSA igys cM+s&cM+s nkykuksa&vkxuksa esa lc
fey&tqydj jgrs Fks] vc NksVs&NksVs fMCcs tSls ?kjksa esa thou fleVus
yxk gSA c<+rh gqbZ vkckfn;ksa us leanj dks ihNs ljdkuk 'kq: dj fn;k
gS] isM+ksa dks jkLrksa ls gVkuk 'kq: dj fn;k gS] iSQyrs gq, iznw"k.k us
iafN;ksa dks cfLr;ksa ls Hkxkuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA ck:nksa dh fouk'k
yhykvksa us okrkoj.k dks lrkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA vc xjeh esa ;knk
xjeh] csoDr dh cjlkrsa] kykys] lSykc] rwIk+ Qku vkSj fur u, jksx]
ekuo vkSj izfr osQ blh vlarqyu osQ ifj.kke gSAa uspj dh lgu'kfDr
dh ,d lhek gksrh gSA uspj osQ xqLls dk ,d uewuk oqQN lky igys
cacbZ (eqacbZ) esa ns[kus dks feyk Fkk vkSj ;g uewuk bruk Mjkouk Fkk
fd cacbZ fuoklh MVdj vius&vius iwtk&LFky esa vius [kqnkvksa ls
izkFkZuk djus yxs FksA
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txg de iM+h rks mls xqLlk vk x;kA tks ftruk cM+k gksrk gS mls mruk
gh de xqLlk vkrk gSA ijarq vkrk gS rks jksduk eqf'dy gks tkrk gS] vkSj
;gh gqvk] mlus ,d jkr viuh ygjksa ij nkSM+rs gq, rhu tgkkksa dks
mBkdj cPpksa dh xsan dh rjg rhu fn'kkvksa esa isQa d fn;kA ,d oyhZ
osQ leanj osQ fdukjs ij vkdj fxjk] nwljk ckanzk esa dkVZj jksM osQ lkeus
vkSaks eqg vkSj rhljk xsV&os&vkWIk+ Q bafM;k ij VwV&iwQVdj lSykfu;ksa dk
ukkjk cukA ckotwn dksf'k'k] os fiQj ls pyus&fiQjus osQ dkfcy ugha
gks losQA
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esjh ek dgrh Fkh] lwjt <ys vkxu osQ isMk+ as ls iRrs er rksMk+ ]s
isM+ jks,xsA nh;k&cRrh osQ oDr iwQyksa dks er rksMk+ ]s iwQy cn~nv
q k nsrs
gSaA--- nfj;k ij tkvks rks mls lyke fd;k djks] og [kq'k gksrk gSA
dcwrjksa dks er lrk;k djks] os gkjr eqgEen dks vkhk gSAa mUgksua s
mUgsa viuh ekkj osQ uhys xqacn ij ?kksalys cukus dh bkkkr ns j[kh
gSA eqxsZ dks ijs'kku ugha fd;k djks] og eqYyk th ls igys eksgYys esa
vkku nsdj lcdks losjs txkrk gS&
lc dh iwtk ,d&lh] vyx&vyx gS jhrA
efLtn tk, ekS y oh] dks ; y xk, xhrAA
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(x)
mRrj %
(d) ys[kd igys dgk jgrk Fkk] vc dgk jgus yxk gS\
mRrj % ys[kd igys Xokfy;j esa jgrk FkkA ogk mldk cpiu chrkA
vc oks eqEcbZ osQ olksZok bykosQ esa jgrk gSA vc eqEcbZ gh
mldk ?kj gS ;gha mldk deZ LFkku gSA
([k) ys[kd osQ ?kj esa fdlus ?kksalyk cuk;k\
mRrj % tc ys[kd Xokfy;j esa jgrk Fkk rks mlosQ ?kj osQ jks'kunku
esa dcwrj osQ ,d tksM+s us viuk ?kksalyk cuk fy;k FkkA ,d
ckj fcYyh us mpddj ,d vaMk rksM+ fn;k FkkA ys[kd dh
ek cgqr nq[kh gqbZA mUgksaus [kqnk ls ekI+kQh ekxh rFkk iwjs fnu
jkskk jkA eqEcbZ esa Hkh ys[kd osQ ySV esa dcwrjksa osQ ,d
tksM+s us viuk ?kksalyk cuk fy;kA
(x) xn~;ka'k osQ nksgs dk vFkZ fyf[k,A
mRrj % dfo dgrk gS fd bl izfr us gedks cgqr oqQN fn;k gSA
unh [ksrksa dks vius ty ls lhaprh gSA blhfy, vke vkfn
cgqr ls iQy mRiUu gksrs gSaA rksrk isM+ dh Mkyh ij cSBdj
vke dks [kkrk gSA ;g lkjk izfr dk p lwjt :ih
BsosQnkj osQ b'kkjs ij ?kwerk gSA ogh lcdks dke nsrk gS
vFkkZr ogh lcdh Hkwfedk, r; djrk gSA lcdk viuk&viuk
egRo gksrk gSA
mRrj %
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([k)
,slk djus ls og q'k gksrk gSA dcwrjksa dks ugha lrkuk pkfg,
D;ksafd os Hkxoku dks fiz; gSaA
ek us bu ckrksa dks ys[kd dks fdl mn~ns'; ls fl[kk;k
gksxk\
ys[kd dh ek dks izfr ls cgqr I;kj FkkA blh dkj.k os
izR;sd izk.kh dk egRo le>rh Fkha rFkk eu esa muosQ izfr
vknj dk Hkko j[krh FkhaA viuh ;g Hkkouk os vius cPpksa
esa Hkh ns[kuk pkgrh FkhaA os pkgrh Fkha fd muosQ cPps izfr
dk vknj djsaA i'kq&if{k;ksa osQ izfr n;k j[ksaA isM+&ikSkksa dk
lEeku djsa rFkk unh osQ ty dk egRo le>saA
xn~;ka'k esa fn, x, nksgksa dk vFkZ fyf[k,A
dfo dk ekuuk gS fd bl lalkj esa izR;sd tho] tM+ vkSj
psru ml ijekRek n~okjk bl lalkj esa Hksts x, gSaA blh
dkj.k lc vius&vius <ax ls bZ'oj dks ;kn djrs gSaA mudk
kU;okn djrs gSaA bZ'oj rks ,d gS ysfdu mldks ;kn djus
dk rjhdk vyx gSA tSlsekSyoh efLtn esa tkdj uekk
i<+rk gSA dks;y xhr xkdj Hkxoku dks ;kn djrh gSA ge
lc ml bZ'oj dh larku gSaA gesa fdlh dh mis{kk ugha djuh
pkfg,] fey&tqy dj jguk pkfg,A ,sls egRo dh ckr
vkn'kZoknh yksxksa us gh dh gSA os lekt dks oqQN 'kk'or
ewY; ns tkrs gSaA
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Xokfy;j esa gekjk ,d edku Fkk] ml edku osQ nkyku esa nks
jks'kunku FksA mlesa dcwrj osQ ,d tksM+s us ?kksalyk cuk fy;k FkkA ,d
ckj fcYyh us mpddj nks esa ls ,d vaMk rksM+ fn;kA esjh ek us ns[kk
rks mls nq[k gqvkA mlus LVwy ij p<+dj nwljs vaMs dks cpkus dh
dksf'k'k dhA ysfdu bl dksf'k'k esa nwljk vaMk mlh osQ gkFk ls
fxjdj VwV x;kA dcwrj ijs'kkuh esa bkj&mkj iQM+iQM+k jgs FksA mudh
vk[kksa esa nq[k ns[kdj esjh ek dh vk[kksa esa vklw vk x,A bl xqukg
dks [kqnk ls eqvkIk+ Q djkus osQ fy, mlus iwjs fnu jkskk j[kkA fnu&Hkj
oqQN k;k&fi;k ughaA flIk+ ZQ jksrh jgh vkSj ckj&ckj uekk i<+&i<+dj
[kqnk ls bl xyrh dks eqvkIk+ Q djus dh nqvk ekxrh jghaA
Xokfy;j ls cacbZ dh nwjh us lalkj dks dkIk+ Qh oqQN cny fn;k gSA
olksZok esa tgk vkt esjk ?kj gS] igys ;gk nwj rd taxy FkkA isM+ Fks]
ifjans Fks vkSj nwljs tkuoj FksA vc ;gk leanj osQ fdukjs yach&PkkSM+h
cLrh cu xbZ gSA bl cLrh us tkus fdrus ifjanksa&pfjanksa ls mudk ?kj
Nhu fy;k gSA buesa ls oqQN 'kgj NksM+dj pys x, gSaA tks ugha tk losQ
gSa mUgksaus ;gk&ogk Msjk Mky fy;k gSA buesa ls nks dcwrjksa us esjs ySV
osQ ,d epku esa ?kksalyk cuk fy;k gSA cPps vHkh NksVs gSaA muosQ
f[kykus&fiykus dh fkEesnkjh vHkh cM+s dcwrjksa dh gSA os fnu esa
dbZ&dbZ ckj vkrs&tkrs gSaA vkSj D;ksa u vk,&tk, vkf[kj mudk Hkh
?kj gSA ysfdu muosQ vkus&tkus ls gesa ijs'kkuh Hkh gksrh gSA os dHkh
fdlh phk dks fxjkdj rksM+ nsrs gSaA dHkh esjh ykbczsjh esa ?kqldj
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izfr dks nwf"kr fd;k gSA mlus taxy dkV fn,] leqn&z rVksa
ij viuh cfLr;k clk yhA taxyksa osQ dkVus ls i'kq&i{kh
cs?kj gks x,A iznw"k.k c<+ x;kA iznw"k.k osQ dkj.k fr
valrqfyr gks xbZA vusd izdkj dh chekfj;k c<+us yxhaA
izkfrd vkink, vkus yxhaA
5- egkHkkjr esa ;qfkf"Bj dk var le; rd fdlus lkFk fn;k\
mRrj % egkHkkjr esa var le; rd ;qfkf"Bj dk lkFk ,d oqQRrs us
fn;kA
y?kwRrjkRed 'uksRrj
fucakkRed 'uksRrj
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mRrj % euq"; cgqr LokFkhZ izk.kh gSA mlus vius LokFkZ osQ dkj.k gh
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O;fDrxr igpku [kks tkrh gSA blh izdkj thou dky esa
euq";ksa esa fdruh fHkUurk D;ksa u gks] e`R;q osQ ckn fdlh Hkh
izdkj dh dksbZ fHkUurk ugha gksrhA feV~Vh osQ feV~Vh esa fey
tkus ij euq"; esa fdruh euq";rk gS vkSj fdruh i'kqrk] ;g
Hksn Hkh lekIr gks tkrk gSA
5- bl ikB ls gesa D;k lans'k feyrk gS\
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d{kk&dk;Z
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f;kdyki&2
f;kdyki&3
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x`g&dk;Z
f;kdyki&4
vkt ck?k cpkus osQ fy, ^Vkbxj izkstsDV* 'kq: gq, gSaA blh izdkj