Chapter 1

METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION.

1.1 Methods of Scientific Investigation.
is a method carried out by following the regulations and precise science
principles in a proper and systematic manner to obtain knowledge and
science.
this method is used by scientist when conducting experiments to study
certain matters that occur.
Steps of scientific investigation method.

Identify the problem

Identify the variables

Make a hypothesis

Conduct an
investigation

Plan an
investigation

Control the variables

Collect Data

Analysis and
interpret data

Make conclusion

Write a report
Writing a report.
The following is the format to be used when writing report
1. Aim
2. Hypothesis
3. Variables
o Fixed / constant variable
o Manipulated variable
o Responding variable
4. Apparatus and materials
5. Procedures
6. Result / observation
7. Data analyse
8. Discussion
9. Conclusion

Example of writing a report.

Aim

: To determine the boiling points of different

types of water.
: The boiling point of the tap water is higher
than the distilled water.

Hypothesis

Variables
1. Fixed Variable
: Size of beaker, amount/volume of water.
2. Manipulated Variable : Types of water.
3. Responding Variable : The temperature of water / the boiling point of
water.
Apparatus and materials
: Thermometer, beaker, measuring cylinder,
Bunsen burner, tripod stand, wire gauze, tap
water and distilled water.
Procedure
: 1) Measure the same amount of tap water
and distilled water using measuring
cylinder.
2) Pour the tap water and the distilled water
into two beakers respectively.
3) Record the temperature of the water in the
two beakers.
4) Heat the water at the same time.
5) Record the temperature every two minutes
for the result 16 minutes.
6) Stop heating after reading is constant.
Result / observation
:
Time
Temperature
Tap Water
Distilled Water

10

12

14

16

28
28

40 53 64 74 82 90 96 102
48 67 82 95 99 100 100 100

Data analyse

Discussion

: Present of impurities in the tap water increase

the boiling point to 102oC.
: Boiling point of distilled water is lower than
boiling point of tap water.

Conclusion