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1. INTRODUCTION
While carriers and handset manufacturers obviously have their hands full with
3G, some companies are already looking beyond this next generation of wireless
beyond the limitations and problems of 3G which is having trouble getting deployed and
meeting its promised performance and throughput. While this 3G has not completely
reached researchers and vendors are expressing growing interest in 4G why? Two main
areas are addressed in these initiatives: An increase of capacity in the radio link and
seamless mobility across heterogeneous access networks. Section 2 discusses about the
evolution and comparison, Section 4 describes about the goals and the vision, section 5
explains about some of the technologies for 4G, and in other following sections the
applications, the research and other issues for 4G developments are discussed.
By G. Abhinav Reddy 1
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
3G networks are in a very painful phase of their development, with early trials
yielding disappointing results, costs ballooning, technical glitches, and network operators
being forced to deflate expectations based on unrealistic hype. Despite the hype
surrounding the higher-speed 3G mobile networks now under construction, the reasons
for the leap towards 4G are:
A. Performance
Industry skeptics say that users will not be able to take advantage of rich
multimedia content across wireless networks with 3G. 4G communications will feature
extremely high-quality video equal to that of high definition television. In addition, it will
enable wireless downloads at speeds exceeding 100 Mbps, about 260 times than 3G
wireless network.
B. Interoperability
There are multiple standards for 3G making it difficult to roam and interoperate
across networks. We need a global standard that provides global mobility and service
portability so that service provider would no longer be bound by single-system vendors
of proprietary equipment.
C. Networking
D. Bandwidth
We need wider bandwidth and higher bit rates. The 4G technology, with its
transmission speeds of more than 20 mbps, would offer high-bandwidth services within
the reach of LAN "hotspots," installed in offices, homes, coffee shops, and airport
By G. Abhinav Reddy 2
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
lounges. Away from these hotspots, customers could connect to souped-up 2G networks
for voice and rudimentary data coverage.
E. Technology
F. Convergence
G. Cost
4G systems will prove far cheaper than 3G, since they can be built atop existing
networks and won't require operators to completely retool and won't require carriers to
purchase costly extra spectrum. Also an open system IP wireless environment would
probably further reduces costs for service providers by ushering in an era of real
equipment interoperability.
H. Scalability
By G. Abhinav Reddy 3
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
A. Evolution
By G. Abhinav Reddy 4
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
1G wireless was analog and supported the first generation of analog cell phones. They
2G systems, fielded in the late 1980s, were intended primarily for voice
bit/sec.
discussion point to address future needs of a universal high speed wireless network that
By G. Abhinav Reddy 5
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
B. Comparison
By G. Abhinav Reddy 6
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
A. The Goals
Open Mobile Alliance’s (OMA) main goal is to make sure different wireless services
and devices work together, and across countries, operators, and mobile terminals. Other
plans in the group's charter include:
requirements.
4. Help consolidate standards groups and work in conjunction with other existing
• Streaming Audio/Video
• Asymmetric Access
• Adaptive Modulation/Coding
By G. Abhinav Reddy 7
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
C. 4G Network Architecture
“4G” wireless networks can be realized with an IP-based core network for global
routing along with more customized local-area radio access networks that support
features such as dynamic handoff and ad-hoc routing as well as newer requirements such
In 4G LANs will be installed in trains and trucks as well as buildings, or even just
formed on an ad-hoc basis between random collections of devices that happen to come
within radio range of one other. Routing in such networks will depend on new
architectures, already under development by the IEEE and a European project called
By G. Abhinav Reddy 8
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
address, along with a "care-of" address that represents its actual location. When a
computer somewhere on the Internet wants to communicate with the cell phone, it first
sends a packet to the phone's home address. A directory server on the home network
forwards this to the care-of address via a tunnel, as in regular mobile IP. However, the
directory server also sends a message to the computer informing it of the correct care-of
address, so future packets can be sent directly. This should enable TCP sessions and
Because of the many addresses and the multiple layers of subnetting, IPv6 is needed for
By G. Abhinav Reddy 9
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
The revolution in 4G will be the optical networking, the new air interface, the
1) OFDM:
3) MC-CDMA :
4) LAS-CDMA
By G. Abhinav Reddy 10
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
To make 4G really work carries will need to migrate to Ultra Wideband (UWB)
technology.
UWB radio [15] will deliver essential new wireless and wired bandwidth
inexpensively, without using precious and scarce radio frequencies. Instead, digital video,
voice and data are enabled using modulated pulses of energy that peacefully co-exist
alongside traditional communications. UWB radio solves the multipath fading issues and
is 1,000% more process efficient than CDMA. A prototypical UWB transceiver is shown
in Figure 3.
C. The Network-LMDS
technology used to deliver voice, data, Internet, and video services in the 25-GHz and
higher spectrum (depending on licensing). Figure 4 shows the LMDS system [16].
By G. Abhinav Reddy 11
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
By G. Abhinav Reddy 12
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
6. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF 4G
1) Virtual Presence:
2) Virtual navigation:
3) Tele-medicine:
4G will support remote health monitoring of patients. For e.g. the paramedic
assisting the victim of traffic accident in a remote location must access medical records
and may need videoconference assistance from a surgeon for an emergency intervention.
The paramedic may need to relay back to the hospital the victim's x-rays taken locally.
4)Tele-geoprocessing applications:
5) Crisis-management applications:
By G. Abhinav Reddy 13
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
6) Education :
By G. Abhinav Reddy 14
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
1)Standardization:
The business visionaries should do some economic modeling before they start 4G
hype. They should understand that 4G data applications like streaming video must
compete with very low cost wireline applications.
4) Regulatory frameworks:
By G. Abhinav Reddy 15
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
Business and Technology executives should not bias their business models by
using voice channels as economic determinant for data applications. Voice has a built-in
demand limit - data applications do not.
Network architects must base their architecture on hybrid network concepts that
integrates wireless wide area networks, wireless LANS (IEEE 802.11a, IEEE
802.11b,IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.15 and IEEE 802.16), Bluetooth with fiber-based
Internet backbone. Broadband wireless networks must be a part of this integrated network
architecture.
8) Non-disruptive Implementation:
By G. Abhinav Reddy 16
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
8. DEVELOPMENTS IN 4G
mobile downlink access at peak rates of up to 10 Mbps while EDGE offers uplink access
Technologies Inc from Beverly Hills, California and Software Technology Parks of India
technology based on the IEEE802.11a and IEEE802.11b standards for wireless LAN for
the underlying network is designed to support a data rate of up to 11Mbps and 54Mbps
respectively. The goal is to get 6 billion people connected to the wireless Internet by
2010.
explore new mobile service concepts in which people, places and things will be able to
interact, thereby bridging the real and the cyber world. MOTO-media is expected to
enable high performance streaming of multimedia content to mobile users. DoCoMo and
HP aim to nish the shared study of basic technology by 2003 and hope to push for 4G in
2006.
By G. Abhinav Reddy 17
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
9. SUGGESTIONS
mobile technologies:
that grow within the network so that we don't have to scarp the old network to
2. The very big challenge for developing a technology is proper human resource for
building high quality systems. Big organization, which is engaged in software and
system development, should rapidly go for tie-ups with educational institutes for
3. We talk about mobile multimedia that 4G will support but in reality people are not
going to watch TV while they walk down the street. Likewise people will not buy
Coca Cola at vending machines with a cell phone. Quit often services conjured up
by the engineering side of the vendor organizations has little to do with the
reality. So wireless industry should ponder well about market demand and invest
By G. Abhinav Reddy 18
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
10. CONCLUSION
person’s life over 3G. We should drop the 2.5G, 3G, 4G speak altogether where an
additional “G” means merely an increase in capacity. What really means something for
the users are new services, integration of services, applications etc. Our goal is to struggle
to get a “G”eneration of standards so that we can take our phone anywhere in the world
and access any service or communicate with any other user any way we want that will
web) should be a more intelligent technology that interconnects the entire world without
limits.
By G. Abhinav Reddy 19
Academic Seminar On 4G Wireless Technology
11. REFERENCES
1. Elisa Batista , I Call Your 3G and Raise You a G, March 26, 2001 PST,wired
news,Wired Digital Inc.
2. All IP Wireless, All the Time-Building a 4th generation wireless networks with
open systems solutions, sun Microsystems. [Online] Available: www.sun.com
3. Hyosoon Park (Group Leader), Taehyoun Kim, Myungcheul Jung, Ph.D. Students
and 2 Master Students, High performance multimedia Lab, Yonsei University,
HongkilPark.
4. Puneet Gupta, Wireless developer Networks, Mobile Wireless Communications
Tomorrow Online]Available:www.wirelessdevnet.com/channels/wireless/training
5. 3G Newsroom, 3G Frequently Asked Questions, November 18, 2001.
[Online]Available: www.3G newsroom.com
6. By Joanie Wexler, 3G speeds might not cut it for multimedia,Network World
Wireless in the Enterprise Newsletter, 08/23/00
7. Rick Perera, Researchers outline vision of 4G wireless world, 2001. [Online]
Available: www.cnn.com/SCI-TECH.
8. Politecnico de milano ,Mobile Wireless networks, CEFRIEL-Education and
research center in Information Technology,[Online] Available:
http://www.cefriel.it/topics
9. Jianyong Huang, Letian Li. “An Overwiev of 4G”. Dial-up group. ISQS 6341.
August 1,2002.
10. Laurie Watkins, “Breakthrough technology to double cable television bandwidth”.
June 25,2002 [Online] Available: www.pulselink.net/default.htm
11. Jeff Foerster,et all, “Ultra-Wideband Technology for Short- or Medium-Range
Wireless Communications” Intel Technology Journal, Intel Corp.
12. “LMDS Overview” ,Wireless Broadband, WCA International ,[Online] Available:
www.wcai.com/lmds.html
By G. Abhinav Reddy 20