SOL (Cie) 14

Chapter 14, Solution 1.
H () =
Vo
R
jRC
=
=
Vi R + 1 jC 1 + jRC
H () =
j 0
,
1 + j 0
H = H () =
where 0 =
0
1 + ( 0 ) 2
1
RC
= H () =
tan -1
2
0
This is a highpass filter. The frequency response is the same as that for P.P.14.1
except that 0 = 1 RC . Thus, the sketches of H and are shown below.
H
1
0.7071
0 = 1/RC
90
45
0
0 = 1/RC
H () =
R
1
1
=
=
,
R + jL 1 + jL R 1 + j 0
H = H () =
where 0 =
R
L
= H () = - tan -1
0
1
1 + ( 0 ) 2
The frequency response is identical to the response in Example 14.1 except that
0 = R L . Hence the response is shown below.
H
1
0.7071
0 = R/L
0 = R/L
-45
-90

(a)
The Thevenin impedance across the second capacitor where Vo is taken is

R
Z Th = R + R || 1 sC = R +
1 + sRC
VTh =
Vi
1 sC
Vi =
R + 1 sC
1 + sRC
ZTh
VTh
1
sC
+
Vo
Vo =
(b)
Vi
1 sC
VTh =
Z Th + 1 sC
(1 + sRC)(1 + sCZ Th )
H (s) =
Vo
1
1
=
=
Vi (1 + sCZ Th )(1 + sRC) (1 + sRC)(1 + sRC + sRC (1 + sRC))
H (s) =
1
s R C + 3sRC + 1
2
RC = (40 10 3 )(2 10 -6 ) = 80 10 -3 = 0.08

There are no zeros and the poles are at
- 0.383
s1 =
= - 4.787
RC
s2 =
- 2.617
= - 32.712
RC
(a)
R ||
1
R
=
jC 1 + jRC
R
Vo
R
1 + jRC
H () =
=
=
R
Vi
R + jL (1 + jRC)
jL +
1 + jRC
(b)
H () =
R
- RLC + R + jL
H () =
jC (R + jL)
R + jL
=
R + jL + 1 jC 1 + jC (R + jL)
H () =
- 2 LC + jRC
1 2 LC + jRC
(a)
(b)
H () =
Vo
1 jC
=
Vi R + jL + 1 jC
H () =
1
1 + jRC 2 LC
R ||
1
R
=
jC 1 + jRC
H () =
Vo
jL (1 + jRC)
jL
=
=
Vi
jL + R (1 + jRC) R + jL (1 + jRC)
jL 2 RLC
H () =
R + jL 2 RLC

(a)
(b)
Using current division,

Io
R
H () =
=
I i R + jL + 1 jC
H () =
j (20)(0.25)
jRC
=
2
1 + jRC LC 1 + j(20)(0.25) 2 (10)(0.25)
H () =
j5
1 + j5 2.5 2
We apply nodal analysis to the circuit below.

Io
Vx
Is
1/jC
0.5 Vx
+
jL
Is =
Vx Vx 0.5Vx
+
R jL + 1 jC
But
Io =
0.5 Vx
jL + 1 jC
Vx = 2 I o ( jL + 1 jC)
Is
1
0 .5
= +
Vx R jL + 1 jC
Is
1
1
= +
2 I o ( jL + 1 jC) R 2 ( jL + 1 jC)
I s 2 ( jL + 1 jC)
=
+1
Io
R
Io
1
jRC
=
=
I s 1 + 2 ( jL + 1 jC) R jRC + 2 (1 2 LC)
j
H () =
j + 2 (1 2 0.25)
H () =
H () =
j
2 + j 0.5 2

(a)
0.05 = 20 log10 H
2.5 10 -3 = log10 H
H = 10 2.510 = 1.005773
-3
(b)
- 6.2 = 20 log10 H
- 0.31 = log10 H
H = 10 -0.31 = 0.4898
(c)
104.7 = 20 log10 H
5.235 = log10 H
H = 10 5.235 = 1.718 10 5
(a)
(b)
(c)
H = 0.05
H dB = 20 log10 0.05 = - 26.02 ,
= 0
H = 125
H dB = 20 log10 125 = 41.94 ,
= 0
H(1) =
j10
= 4.47263.43
2+ j
H dB = 20 log10 4.472 = 13.01 ,

(d)
H(1) =
= 63.43
3
6
+
= 3.9 j1.7 = 4.254 - 23.55
1+ j 2 + j
H dB = 20 log10 4.254 = 12.577 ,
= - 23.55

H () =
1
(1 + j)(1 + j 10)
H dB = -20 log10 1 + j 20 log10 1 + j / 10

= - tan -1 () tan -1 ( / 10)
The magnitude and phase plots are shown below.
HdB
0.1
10
100
20 log 10
-20
1
1 + j / 10
20 log10
-40
1
1 + j
0.1
-45
10
100
arg
1
1 + j / 10
-90
-135
-180
arg
1
1 + j
H( j) =
50
=
j(5 + j)
10
j
1 j1 +
5
HdB
40
20 log1
20
10
0.1
-20
100
1
20 log
j
1+
5
20 log
-40
0.1
1
10
-45
100
arg
1
1 + j / 5
-90
arg
-135
1
j
-180
H () =
5 (1 + j 10)
j (1 + j 2)
H dB = 20 log10 5 + 20 log10 1 + j 10 20 log10 j 20 log10 1 + j 2

= -90 + tan -1 10 tan -1 2
HdB
40
34
20
14
0.1
-20
10
100
10
100
-40
90
45
0.1
-45
-90
T ( w) =
0.1(1 + j )
,
j (1 + j / 10)
20 log 0.1 = 20
The plots are shown below.

|T|
(db)
20
0
0.1
10
100
-20
-40
arg T
90o
0
0.1
-90o
10
100
G () =
(1 10)(1 + j)
1 + j
=
2
( j) (10 + j) ( j) 2 (1 + j 10)
G dB = -20 + 20 log10 1 + j 40 log10 j 20 log10 1 + j 10

= -180 + tan -1 tan -1 10
GdB
40
20
0.1
-20
10
100
10
100
-40
90
0.1
-90
-180

50
25
H () =
1 + j
j10 j 2
+
j1 +
25 5
H dB = 20 log10 2 + 20 log10 1 + j 20 log10 j

20 log10 1 + j2 5 + ( j 5) 2
10 25
= -90 + tan -1 tan -1

1 2 5

HdB
40
26
20
6
0.1
-20
10
100
10
100
-40
90
0.1
-90
-180

40 (1 + j)
2 (1 + j)
=
(2 + j)(10 + j) (1 + j 2)(1 + j 10)
H () =
H dB = 20 log10 2 + 20 log10 1 + j 20 log10 1 + j 2 20 log10 1 + j 10

= tan -1 tan -1 2 tan -1 10
HdB
40
20
6
0.1
-20
10
100
10
100
-40
90
45
0.1
-45
-90
G () =
j
j
100(1 + j)1 +
10
GdB
20
0.1
20 log j
10
100
40 log
-20
-40
j
10
20 log(1/100)
-60
90
arg(j)
0.1
-90
-180
1
arg
10
100
arg
1
j
1 +
10
1
1 + j
G () =
(1 4) j
(1 + j)(1 + j 2) 2
G dB = -20log10 4 + 20 log10 j 20 log10 1 + j 40 log10 1 + j 2

= -90 - tan -1 2 tan -1 2
GdB
20
0.1
-12
-20
-40
10
100

90
0.1
10
100
-90
-180
4 (1 + j 2) 2
G () =
50 j (1 + j 5)(1 + j 10)
G dB = 20 log10 4 50 + 40 log10 1 + j 2 20 log10 j

20 log10 1 + j 5 20 log10 1 + j 10
where 20 log10 4 50 = -21.94
= -90 + 2 tan -1 2 tan -1 5 tan -1 10
GdB
20
0.1
-20
10
100
10
100
-40
-60
180
90
0.1
-90
H () =
j
100 (1 + j 10 2 100)
H dB = 20 log10 j 20 log10 100 20 log10 1 + j 10 2 100

10
= 90 tan -1
1 2 100
HdB
40
20
0.1
-20
10
100
10
100
-40
-60
90
0.1
-90
-180

10 (1 + j 2 )
(1 + j)(1 + j 10)
N() =
N dB = 20 20 log10 1 + j 20 log10 1 + j 10 + 20 log10 1 + j 2

tan -1 tan -1 10
= tan -1
1 2
NdB
40
20
0.1
-20
10
100
10
100
-40
180
90
0.1
-90
T() =
j (1 + j)
100 (1 + j 10)(1 + j 10 2 100)
TdB = 20 log10 j + 20 log10 1 + j 20 log10 100
20 log10 1 + j 10 20 log10 1 + j 10 2 100

10
= 90 + tan -1 tan -1 10 tan -1

1 2 100

TdB
20
0.1
-20
10
100
10
100
-40
-60
180
90
0.1
-90
-180

20 = 20 log10 k
k = 10
A zero of slope + 20 dB / dec at = 2

1 + j 2
A pole of slope - 20 dB / dec at = 20
1
1 + j 20
Hence,
H () =
1
1 + j 100
10 (1 + j 2)
(1 + j 20)(1 + j 100)
10 4 ( 2 + j)
H () =
( 20 + j)(100 + j)

A zero of slope + 20 dB / dec at the origin
1
1 + j 1
Hence,
H () =
j
(1 + j)(1 + j 10) 2
H () =
100 j
(1 + j)(10 + j) 2
1
(1 + j 10) 2

The phase plot is decomposed as shown below.
90
arg (1 + j / 10)
45
0.1
-45
-90
1
arg ( j)
10
100
1000
arg
1 + j / 100
G () =
k (1 + j 10)
k (10)(10 + j)
=
j (1 + j 100)
j (100 + j)
where k is a constant since arg k = 0 .
G () =
Hence,
k (10 + j)
,
j (100 + j)
where k = 10k is constant
0 =
1
LC
1
(40 10 -3 )(1 10 -6 )
= 5 krad / s
Z(0 ) = R = 2 k
0
4
Z(0 4) = R + j L
0 C
4
5 10 3
4
40 10 -3
Z(0 4) = 2000 + j
(5 10 3 )(1 10 -6 )
4
Z(0 4) = 2000 + j (50 4000 5)
Z(0 4) = 2 j0.75 k
0
2
Z(0 2) = R + j L
0 C
2
(5 10 3 )
(40 10 -3 )
Z(0 2) = 2000 + j
2
(5 10 3 )(1 10 -6 )
Z(0 4) = 2000 + j (100 2000 5)

Z(0 2) = 2 j0.3 k
Z(20 ) = R + j 20 L
20 C
Z(20 ) = 2000 + j (2)(5 10 3 )(40 10 -3 )

(2)(5 10 3 )(1 10 -6 )
Z(20 ) = 2 + j0.3 k
Z(40 ) = R + j 40 L
40 C
Z(40 ) = 2000 + j (4)(5 10 3 )(40 10 -3 )

3
-6
(4)(5 10 )(1 10 )
Z(40 ) = 2 + j0.75 k
(a)
fo =
(b)
B=
(c )
Q=
1
2 LC
1
2 5 x10 9 x10 x10 3
R
100
=
= 10 krad/s
L 10 x10 3
o L
R
L 10 6 10 x10 3
=
= 14.142
3
50 0.1x10
LC R
1
At resonance,
Z = R = 10 ,
B=
= 22.51 kHz
R
L
0 =
and
Q=
1
LC
0 0 L
=
B
R
Hence,
L=
RQ (10)(80)
=
= 16 H
0
50
C=
1
1
=
= 25 F
2
0 L (50) 2 (16)
B=
R 10
=
= 0.625 rad / s
L 16
Therefore,
R = 10 ,
L = 16 H ,
C = 25 F ,
B = 0.625 rad / s
Let R = 10 .
L=
R 10
=
= 0.5 H
B 20
C=
1
1
=
= 2 F
2
0 L (1000) 2 (0.5)
Q=
0 1000
=
= 50
B
20
Therefore, if R = 10 then
C = 2 F ,
L = 0.5 H ,
Q = 50

j
Z = j +
1/j
1
j
+
j 1 + j

1 2 + j
Z = j +
1 + 2
Since v( t ) and i( t ) are in phase,
1
Im(Z) = 0 = +
1 + 2
4 + 2 1 = 0
2 =
-1 1+ 4
= 0.618
2
= 0.7861 rad / s

Select R = 10 .
L=
R
10
=
= 0.05 H = 5 mH
0 Q (10)(20)
C=
1
1
=
= 0.2 F
2
0 L (100)(0.05)
B=
1
1
=
= 0.5 rad / s
RC (10)(0.2)
Therefore, if R = 10 then
L = 5 mH , C = 0.2 F ,
B = 0.5 rad / s
X L = L
B=
L=
XL
R R 2x10 x10 6 x 5.6 x10 3

=
=
= 8.796 x10 6 rad/s
3
L XL
40 x10

Since Q > 10 ,
1 = 0
B=
B
,
2
2 = 0 +
B
2
0 6 10 6
=
= 50 krad / s
Q
120
1 = 6 0.025 = 5.975 10 6 rad / s

2 = 6 + 0.025 = 6.025 10 6 rad / s
Q = o RC
Q=
R
o L
C=
L=
Q
80
=
= 56.84 pF
2f o R 2x5.6x10 6 x 40x10 3
R
40 x10 3
=
= 14.21 H
2f o Q 2x 5.6 x10 6 x80
(a)
o =
1
LC
=
8x10
x 60x10
= 1.443 krad/s
1
1
=
= 3.33 rad/s
RC 5x10 3 x 60x10 6
(b)
B=
(c)
Q = o RC = 1.443x10 3 x 5x10 3 x 60x10 6 = 432.9
At resonance,
1
R
Y=
R =
1
1
=
= 40
Y 25 10 -3
C =
Q = 0 RC
0 =
B=
1
LC
L =
Q
80
=
= 10 F
0 R (200 10 3 )(40)
1
1
=
= 2.5 H
2
10
0 C (4 10 )(10 10 -6 )
0 200 10 3
=
= 2.5 krad / s
Q
80
1 = 0
B
= 200 2.5 = 197.5 krad / s
2
1 = 0 +
B
= 200 + 2.5 = 202.5 krad / s
2
0 =
1
LC
= 5000 rad / s
Y(0 ) =
1
R
Z(0 ) = R = 2 k
Y(0 4) =
0
4
1
= 0.5 j18.75 kS
+ j C
0 L
R
4
Z(0 4) =
1
= 1.4212 + j53.3
0.0005 j0.01875
Y(0 2) =
0
2
1
= 0.5 j7.5 kS
+ j C
0 L
R
2
Z(0 2) =
Y(20 ) =
1
= 8.85 + j132.74
0.0005 j0.0075
1
1
= 0.5 + j7.5 kS
+ j 20 L
20 C
R
Z(20 ) = 8.85 j132.74

Y(40 ) =
1
1
= 0.5 + j18.75 kS
+ j 40 L
40 C
R
Z(40 ) = 1.4212 j53.3

1
L
)
+ jLR R + j(L
1
C
C
=
Z = jL //( R +
)=
1
1 2
jC
)
R+
+ j L
R 2 + ( L
j C
C
jL(R +
1
)
j C
1
L
L
C
C
=0
1 2
2
R + ( L
)
C
LR 2 +
Im(Z) =
Thus,
=
1
LC + R 2 C 2
1
R jL
+ jC = jC + 2
R + jL
R + 2 L2
At resonance, Im(Y) = 0 , i.e.
2 ( R 2 C 2 + LC) = 1
0 C
0 L
=0
R 2 + 02 L2
R 2 + 02 L2 =
0 =
L
C
1 R2
=
LC L2
50
1
-3
-6
(40 10 )(10 10 ) 40 10 -3
0 = 4841 rad / s
(a)
B = 2 1 = 2(f 2 f1 ) = 2(90 86) x10 3 = 8krad / s

o =
B=
1
(1 + 2 ) = 2(88) x10 3 = 176
2
1
RC
C=
(b)
o =
(c )
o = 176 = 552.9krad / s
(d)
B = 8 = 25.13krad / s
(e)
Q=
LC
1
1
=
= 19.89nF
BR 8x10 3 x 2x10 3
L=
1
2 o C
1
(176) 2 x19.89x10 9
= 164.4H
o 176
= 22
=
B
8

(a)
L = 5 + 10 = 15 mH
0 =
1
LC
=
15x10
x 20x10
= 1.8257 k rad/sec
Q = 0 RC = 1.8257 x10 3 x 25x10 3 x 20x10 6 = 912.8

1
1
=
= 2 rad
3
RC 25x10 20x10 6
B=
(b)
To increase B by 100% means that B = 4.

C =
Since C =
1
1
=
= 10 F
RB 25x10 3 x 4
C1C 2
= 10F and C1 = 20 F, we then obtain C2 = 20 F.
C1 + C 2
Therefore, to increase the bandwidth, we merely add another 20 F in

series with the first one.
(a)
This is a series RLC circuit.
R = 2+ 6 = 8,
0 =
(b)
1
LC
1
0.4
L =1H,
C = 0.4 F
= 1.5811 rad / s
Q=
0 L 1.5811
=
= 0.1976
R
8
B=
R
= 8 rad / s
L
This is a parallel RLC circuit.

3 F and 6 F
C = 2 F ,
(3)(6)
= 2 F
3+ 6
R = 2 k ,
L = 20 mH
0 =
1
LC
1
(2 10 -6 )(20 10 -3 )
= 5 krad / s
Q=
R
2 10 3
= 20
=
0 L (5 10 3 )(20 10 -3 )
B=
1
1
=
= 250 krad / s
3
RC (2 10 )(2 10 -6 )
(a)
Z in = (1 jC) || (R + jL)
Z in =
R + jL
jC
R + jL +
1
jC
R + jL
1 2 LC + jRC
(R + jL)(1 2 LC jRC)
Z in =
(1 2 LC) 2 + 2 R 2 C 2
At resonance, Im(Z in ) = 0 , i.e.
0 = L(1 2 LC) R 2 C
2 LC = L R 2 C
0 =
(b)
L R 2C
=
LC
1 R2
C L
Z in = jL || (R + 1 jC)
Z in =
jL (R + 1 jC)
jL (1 + jRC)
=
R + jL + 1 jC (1 2 LC) + jRC
Z in =
(-2 RLC + jL) [(1 2 LC) jRC]

(1 2 LC) 2 + 2 R 2 C 2

0 = L (1 2 LC) + 3 R 2 C 2 L
2 (LC R 2 C 2 ) = 1
0 =
1
LC R 2 C 2
Z in = R || ( jL + 1 jC)
(c)
R ( jL + 1 jC)
R (1 2 LC)
=
R + jL + 1 jC (1 2 LC) + jRC
R (1 2 LC)[(1 2 LC) jRC]
Z in =
(1 2 LC) 2 + 2 R 2 C 2
Z in =

0 = R (1 2 LC) RC
1 2 LC = 0
0 =
1
LC
Consider the circuit below.

1/jC
Zin
(a)
R1
jL
Z in = (R 1 || jL) || (R 2 + 1 jC)
R 1 jL
1
|| R 2 +
Z in =
jC
R 1 + jL
R2
jR 1 L
1
R 2 +
R 1 + jL
jC
Z in =
jR 1L
1
R2 +
+
jC R 1 + jL
Z in =
jR 1 L (1 + jR 2 C)
(R 1 + jL)(1 + jR 2 C) 2 LCR 1
Z in =
- 2 R 1 R 2 LC + jR 1 L
R 1 2 LCR 1 2 LCR 2 + j (L + R 1 R 2 C)
(-2 R 1 R 2 LC + jR 1 L)[R 1 2 LCR 1 2 LCR 2 j (L + R 1 R 2 C)]

Z in =
(R 1 2 LCR 1 2 LCR 2 ) 2 + 2 (L + R 1 R 2 C) 2
0 = 3 R 1 R 2 LC (L + R 1 R 2 C) + R 1 L (R 1 2 LCR 1 2 LCR 2 )
0 = 3 R 12 R 22 LC 2 + R 12 L 3 R 12 L2 C
0 = 2 R 22 C 2 + 1 2 LC
2 (LC R 22 C 2 ) = 1
0 =
1
LC R 22 C 2
0 =
(0.02)(9 10 -6 ) (0.1) 2 (9 10 -6 ) 2
0 = 2.357 krad / s
(b)
At = 0 = 2.357 krad / s ,
jL = j(2.357 10 3 )(20 10 -3 ) = j47.14
R 1 || jL =
R2 +
j47.14
= 0.9996 + j0.0212
1 + j47.14
1
1
= 0.1 +
= 0.1 j47.14
jC
j (2.357 10 3 )(9 10 -6 )
Z in (0 ) = (R 1 || jL) || (R 2 + 1 jC)
(0.9996 + j0.0212)(0.1 j47.14)

(0.9996 + j0.0212) + (0.1 j47.14)
Z in (0 ) =
Z in (0 ) = 1

We find the input impedance of the circuit shown below.
j(2/3)
1/j
1/jC
1
3
1
=
+ j +
,
Z j2
1 + 1 jC
=1
C 2 + jC
1
jC
= -j1.5 + j +
= -j0.5 +
Z
1+ C2
1 + jC
v( t ) and i( t ) are in phase when Z is purely real, i.e.

0 = -0.5 +
C
1 + C2
1
C2
1
=
2 =
Z 1+ C
2
(C 1) 2 = 1
Z = 2
V = Z I = (2)(10) = 20
v( t ) = 20 sin( t ) V ,
i.e.
Vo = 20 V
or
C = 1F
(a)
j
,
1 + j
1 || j =
1 ||
1 j
1
1
=
=
j 1 + 1 j 1 + j
Transform the current source gives the circuit below.
j
I
1 + j
j
1 + j
1
1 + j
+
Vo
1
j
1 + j
Vo =
I
1
j 1 + j
1+
+
1 + j 1 + j
(b)
H () =
Vo
j
=
I
2 (1 + j) 2
H (1) =
1
2 (1 + j) 2
H (1) =
1
2 ( 2)2
= 0.25

(a) This is an RLC series circuit.
o =
1
LC
(b)
(c )
C=
1
2 o L
1
(2x15x10 3 ) 2 x10 x10 3
Z = R, I = V/Z = 120/20 = 6 A
Q=
o L 2x15x10 3 x10 x10 3

=
= 15 = 47.12
R
20
= 11.26nF
H () =
Vo
R
1
=
=
Vi R + jL 1 + jL R
H(0) = 1 and H() = 0 showing that this circuit is a lowpass filter.

1
, i.e.
At the corner frequency, H(c ) =
2
1
c L
1+
R
1 =
c L
R
or
c =
R
L
Hence,
c =
R
= 2f c
L
fc =
1 R
1 10 10 3
= 796 kHz
=
2 L 2 2 10 -3
R ||
H () =
1
jC
jL + R ||
1
jC
R jC
R + 1 jC
H () =
R jC
jL +
R + 1 jC
H () =
R
R + jL 2 RLC
H(0) = 1 and H() = 0 showing that this circuit is a lowpass filter.
At dc, H(0) =
H() =
Hence,
2
2
1
2
4
= 2.
2
H(0) =
2
2
4 + 100c2
4 + 100c2 = 8
c = 0.2
H(2) =
4
2
=
2 + j20 1 + j10
H(2) =
2
101
= 0.199
In dB, 20 log10 H(2) = - 14.023

arg H(2) = -tan -110 = - 84.3

H () =
Vo
jL
=
Vi R + jL
H(0) = 0 and H() = 1 showing that this circuit is a highpass filter.

H (c ) =
or
fc =
1
2
c =
1
R
1+
c L
1 =
R
= 2f c
L
1 R
1 200
=
= 318.3 Hz
2 L 2 0.1
R
c L
H () =
jRC
j
=
1 + jRC j + 1 RC
(from Eq. 14.52)
This has a unity passband gain, i.e. H() = 1 .

1
= c = 50
RC
H ^ () = 10 H () =
H () =
j10
50 + j
j10
50 + j
Chapter 14, Problem 52.
Design an RL lowpass filter that uses a 40-mH coil and has a cut-off frequency of
5 kHz.
c =
R
= 2f c
L
R = 2f c L = (2)(10 5 )(40 10 -3 ) = 25.13 k

1 = 2f 1 = 20 10 3
2 = 2f 2 = 22 10 3
B = 2 1 = 2 10 3
0 =
2 + 1
= 21 10 3
2
Q=
0 21
= 11.5
=
B
2
0 =
L =
LC
1
02 C
L=
1
= 2.872 H
(21 10 ) (80 10 -12 )
B=
R
L
3 2
R = BL
R = (2 10 3 )(2.872) = 18.045 k
c = 2f c =
1
RC
R=
1
1
=
= 265.3k
3
2f c C 2x 2x10 x300x10 12
o =
1
LC
1
(25 10 )(0.4 10 6 )
3
B=
R
10
=
= 0.4 krad / s
L 25 10 -3
Q=
10
= 25
0.4
= 10 krad / s
1 = o B 2 = 10 0.2 = 9.8 krad / s
or
f1 =
9.8
= 1.56 kHz
2
2 = o + B 2 = 10 + 0.2 = 10.2 krad / s
or
f2 =
10.2
= 1.62 kHz
2
Therefore,
1.56 kHz < f < 1.62 kHz
(a)
From Eq 14.54,
R
R
sRC
L
H (s) =
=
=
2
R
1
1 1 + sRC + s LC
s2 + s +
R + sL +
L LC
sC
s
Since B =
R
and 0 =
L
H (s) =
(b)
1
LC
sB
s + sB + 02
2
From Eq. 14.56,

H (s) =
H (s) =
sL +
1
sC
1
R + sL +
sC
s2 +
s2 + s
1
LC
R
1
+
L LC
s 2 + 02
s 2 + sB + 02
(a)

I
Vs
I1
1/sC
+
1/sC
Vo
1
1
R +
1
1
sC
sC
Z(s) = R +
|| R + = R +
2
sC
sC
R+
sC
Z(s) = R +
1 + sRC
sC (2 + sRC)
1 + 3sRC + s 2 R 2 C 2
Z(s) =
sC (2 + sRC)
I=
Vs
Z
I1 =
Vs
1 sC
I=
2 sC + R
Z (2 + sRC)
Vo = I 1 R =
H (s) =
R Vs
sC (2 + sRC)
2 + sRC 1 + 3sRC + s 2 R 2 C 2
Vo
sRC
=
Vs 1 + 3sRC + s 2 R 2 C 2
3
s
1
RC
H (s) =
3
1
3 2
s +
s+ 2 2
RC
R C
Thus, 02 =
B=
(b)
1
R C2
2
or
0 =
1
= 1 rad / s
RC
3
= 3 rad / s
RC
Similarly,
Z(s) = sL + R || (R + sL) = sL +
R (R + sL)
2R + sL
R 2 + 3sRL + s 2 L2
Z(s) =
2R + sL
I=
Vs
,
Z
Vo = I 1 sL =
I1 =
R Vs
R
I=
2R + sL
Z (2R + sL)
sLR Vs
2R + sL
2
2R + sL R + 3sRL + s 2 L2
1 3R
s
Vo
sRL
3 L
H (s) =
=
=
3R
R2
Vs R 2 + 3sRL + s 2 L2
2
s +
s+ 2
L
L
Thus, 0 =
B=
R
= 1 rad / s
L
3R
= 3 rad / s
L

1
0 =
(b)
R 2 10 3
B= =
= 2 10 4
L
0 .1
Q=
LC
(a)
(0.1)(40 10 -12 )
= 0.5 10 6 rad / s
0 0.5 10 6
=
= 250
B
2 10 4
As a high Q circuit,
B
1 = 0 = 10 4 (50 1) = 490 krad / s
2
2 = 0 +
(c)
B
= 10 4 (50 + 1) = 510 krad / s
2
As seen in part (b),
Q = 250

Ro
+
1/sC
Vi
Vo
sL
1 R (sL + 1 sC)
Z(s) = R || sL + =
sC R + sL + 1 sC
Z(s) =
R (1 + s 2 LC)
1 + sRC + s 2 LC
Vo
R (1 + s 2 LC)
Z
=
=
H=
Vi Z + R o R o + sRR o C + s 2 LCR o + R + s 2 LCR
R (1 + s 2 LC)
Z in = R o + Z = R o +
1 + sRC + s 2 LC
R o + sRR o C + s 2 LCR o + R + s 2 LCR

Z in =
1 + sRC + s 2 LC
s = j
Z in =
R o + jRR o C 2 LCR o + R 2 LCR

1 2 LC + jRC
Z in =
(R o + R 2 LCR o 2 LCR + jRR o C)(1 2 LC jRC)

(1 2 LC) 2 + (RC) 2
Im(Z in ) = 0 implies that
- RC [R o + R 2 LCR o 2 LCR ] + RR o C (1 2 LC) = 0
R o + R 2 LCR o 2 LCR R o + 2 LCR o = 0
2 LCR = R
1
0 =
H=
LC
(1 10 )(4 10 -6 )
-3
R (1 2 LC)
R o + jRR o C + R 2 LCR o 2 LCR
H max = H(0) =
or
H max
R
Ro + R
R 2 LC
R
= H() = lim
=
R o + R
RR o C
+j
LC (R + R o ) R + R o
2
At 1 and 2 , H =
R
2 (R o + R )
1
2
1
2
0=
= 15.811 krad / s
1
2
H mzx
R (1 2 LC)
R o + R 2 LC (R o + R ) + jRR o C
(R o + R )(1 2 LC)
(RR o C) 2 + (R o + R 2 LC(R o + R )) 2
10 (1 2 4 10 -9 )
(96 10 -6 ) 2 + (10 2 4 10 -8 ) 2
10 (1 2 4 10 -9 )
(96 10 -6 ) 2 + (10 2 4 10 -8 ) 2
1
2
(10 2 4 10 -8 )( 2 ) (96 10 -6 ) 2 + (10 2 4 10 -8 ) 2 = 0

(2)(10 2 4 10 -8 ) 2 = (96 10 -6 ) 2 + (10 2 4 10 -8 ) 2
(96 10 -6 ) 2 (10 2 4 10 -8 ) 2 = 0
1.6 10 -15 4 8.092 10 -7 2 + 100 = 0
4 5.058 10 8 + 6.25 1016 = 0

2.9109 10 8
2 =
2.1471 10 8
Hence,
1 = 14.653 krad / s
2 = 17.061 krad / s
B = 2 1 = 17.061 14.653 = 2.408 krad / s
(a)
V+ =
1 jC
V,
R + 1 jC i
V = Vo
Since V+ = V ,
1
V = Vo
1 + jRC i
H () =
(b)
V+ =
Vo
1
=
Vi 1 + jRC
R
V,
R + 1 jC i
Since V+ = V ,
jRC
V = Vo
1 + jRC i
H () =
Vo
jRC
=
Vi 1 + jRC
V = Vo

This is a highpass filter.
(a)
H () =
jRC
1
=
1 + jRC 1 j RC
H () =
1
,
1 j c
H () =
1
1
=
1 j f c f 1 j1000 f
H (f = 200 Hz) =
Vo =
(b)
1 j5
Vo
1
=
1 j5 Vi
Vo
1
=
1 j0.5 Vi
120 mV
= 107.3 mV
1 j0.5
Vo
1
=
1 j0.1 Vi
H (f = 10 kHz) =
Vo =
1
= 2 (1000)
RC
= 23.53 mV
H (f = 2 kHz) =
Vo =
(c)
120 mV
c =
120 mV
1 j0.1
= 119.4 mV
For an active highpass filter,

H (s) =
sC i R f
1 + sC i R i
(1)
But
H(s) =
10s
1 + s / 10
(2)
Comparing (1) and (2) leads to:

C i R f = 10
Rf =
10
= 10M
Ci
C i R i = 0.1
Ri =
0.1
= 100k
Ci
Z f = R f ||
Rf
1
=
jC f 1 + jR f C f
Zi = R i +
1 + jR i C i
1
=
jC i
jC i
Hence,
H () =
Vo - Z f
- jR f C i
=
=
Vi
Zi
(1 + jR f C f )(1 + jR i C i )
This is a bandpass filter. H() is similar to the product of the transfer function
of a lowpass filter and a highpass filter.
V+ =
R
jRC
Vi =
V
R + 1 jC
1 + jRC i
V =
Ri
V
Ri + Rf o
Since V+ = V ,
Ri
jRC
Vo =
V
Ri + Rf
1 + jRC i
H () =
Vo
R f jRC
= 1 +
Vi
R i 1 + jRC
It is evident that as , the gain is 1 +
Rf
1
and that the corner frequency is
.
Ri
RC

(a)
Proof
(b)
When R 1 R 4 = R 2 R 3 ,
H (s) =
(c)
R4
s
R 3 + R 4 s + 1 R 2C
When R 3 ,
H (s) =
- 1 R 1C
s + 1 R 2C

DC gain =
Rf 1
=
Ri 4
R i = 4R f
Corner frequency = c =
1
= 2 (500) rad / s
R f Cf
If we select R f = 20 k , then R i = 80 k and

C=
1
= 15.915 nF
(2)(500)(20 10 3 )
Therefore, if R f = 20 k , then R i = 80 k and C = 15.915 nF
High frequency gain = 5 =
Corner frequency = c =
Rf
Ri
R f = 5R i
1
= 2 (200) rad / s
R i Ci
If we select R i = 20 k , then R f = 100 k and

C=
1
= 39.8 nF
(2)(200)(20 10 3 )
Therefore, if R i = 20 k , then R f = 100 k and C = 39.8 nF

This is a highpass filter with f c = 2 kHz.
1
c = 2f c =
RC
RC =
1
1
=
2f c 4 103
10 8 Hz may be regarded as high frequency. Hence the high-frequency gain is

R f 10
=
or
R f = 2 .5 R
R
4
If we let R = 10 k , then R f = 25 k , and C =
1
= 7.96 nF .
4000 10 4
(a)
H (s) =
Vo (s)
Y1 Y2
=
Vi (s) Y1 Y2 + Y4 (Y1 + Y2 + Y3 )
where Y1 =
H (s) =
(b)
1
1
= G 1 , Y2 =
= G 2 , Y3 = sC1 , Y4 = sC 2 .
R1
R2
G 1G 2
G 1 G 2 + sC 2 (G 1 + G 2 + sC1 )
G 1G 2
H() = 0
= 1,
G 1G 2
showing that this circuit is a lowpass filter.
H ( 0) =
R = 50 , L = 40 mH , C = 1 F
L =
Km
Km
L
1 =
(40 10 -3 )
Kf
Kf
25K f = K m
C =
C
KmKf
10 6 K f =
(1)
1 =
1
Km
Substituting (1) into (2),

1
10 6 K f =
25K f
K f = 0.2 10 -3
K m = 25K f = 5 10 -3
10 -6
KmKf
(2)
LC =
LC
K f2
K f2 =
LC
L C
(4 10 -3 )(20 10 -6 )
K =
= 4 10 -8
(1)(2)
2
f
K f = 2 10 -4
L L 2
= K
C C m
K 2m =
L C
C L
(1)(20 10 -6 )
K =
= 2.5 10 -3
(2)(4 10 -3 )
2
m
K m = 5 10 -2

R = K m R = (12)(800 10 3 ) = 9.6 M
L =
Km
800
L=
(40 10 -6 ) = 32 F
Kf
1000
C =
C
300 10 -9
=
= 0.375 pF
K m K f (800)(1000)

R '1 = K m R 1 = 3x100 = 300
R ' 2 = K m R 2 = 10 x100 = 1 k
L' =
Km
10 2
L=
(2) = 200 H
Kf
10 6
1
C
= 10 = 1 nF
C' =
K m K f 108

R ' = K m R = 20 x10 = 200
L' =
Km
10
L=
(4) = 400 H
Kf
10 5
C' =
C
1
=
= 1 F
K m K f 10x10 5
R ' = K m R = 50 x10 3
L' =
Km
L = 10 H
Kf
C' = 40 pF =
C
KmKf
R=
50 x10 3
10 3
L = 10 x10 6 x
= 50
10 6
10 3
= 10 mH
C = 40 x10 12 x10 3 x10 6 = 40 mF
L and C are needed before scaling.
B=
R
L
0 =
(a)
L =
1
LC
R 10
=
=2H
B 5
C =
1
1
=
= 312.5 F
2
0 L (1600)(2)
L = K m L = (600)(2) = 1200 H
C
3.125 10 -4
C =
=
= 0.5208 F
Km
600
(b)
L =
L
2
= 3 = 2 mH
K f 10
C
3.125 10 -4
=
= 312.5 nF
C =
Kf
10 3
(c)
L =
Km
(400)(2)
= 8 mH
L=
10 5
Kf
C =
C
3.125 10 -4
=
= 7.81 pF
KmKf
(400)(10 5 )

R = K m R = (1000)(1) = 1 k
Km
10 3
L =
L = 4 (1) = 0.1 H
10
Kf
C =
C
1
=
= 0.1 F
3
K m K f (10 )(10 4 )
The new circuit is shown below.

1 k
+
I
1 k
0.1 H
0.1 F
1 k
Vx
(a)
Insert a 1-V source at the input terminals.

Ro
Io
1V
V1
V2
1/sC
+
sL
3Vo
Vo
There is a supernode.
1 V1
V2
=
R
sL + 1 sC
But
V1 = V2 + 3Vo
Also,
Vo =
V2 = V1 3Vo =
Vo =
V2 = V1 3Vo
sL
V
sL + 1 sC 2
Combining (2) and (3)
(1)
Vo
V2
=
sL sL + 1 sC
(3)
sL + 1 sC
Vo
sL
s 2 LC
V
1 + 4s 2 LC 1
Substituting (3) and (4) into (1) gives

1 V1 Vo
sC
=
=
V
R
sL 1 + 4s 2 LC 1
sRC
1 + 4s 2 LC + sRC
1 = V1 +
V =
V1
1 + 4s 2 LC 1
1 + 4s 2 LC
V1 =
(2)
1 + 4s 2 LC
1 + 4s 2 LC + sRC
(4)
Io =
1 V1
sRC
=
R
R (1 + 4s 2 LC + sRC)
Z in =
1 1 + sRC + 4s 2 LC
=
sC
Io
Z in = 4sL + R +
1
sC
(5)
When R = 5 , L = 2 , C = 0.1 ,
Z in (s) = 8s + 5 +
10
s
At resonance,
Im(Z in ) = 0 = 4L
or
(b)
0 =
1
2 LC
1
C
1
2 (0.1)(2)
= 1.118 rad / s
After scaling,
R
K m R
4
40
5
50
L =
Km
10
L=
( 2 ) = 0 .2 H
Kf
100
C =
C
0.1
=
= 10 -4
K m K f (10)(100)
From (5),
Z in (s) = 0.8s + 50 +
0 =
1
2 LC
10 4
s
1
2 (0.2)(10 -4 )
= 111.8 rad / s

(a)
R = K m R = (200)(2) = 400
L =
K m L (200)(1)
=
= 20 mH
Kf
10 4
C =
C
0.5
=
= 0.25 F
K m K f (200)(10 4 )
The new circuit is shown below.

20 mH
a
Ix
0.25 F
400
0.5 Ix
(b)
Insert a 1-A source at the terminals a-b.

a
sL
V1
V2
Ix
1A
1/(sC)
0.5 Ix
At node 1,
1 = sCV1 +
V1 V2
sL
At node 2,
V1 V2
V2
+ 0 .5 I x =
sL
R
But, I x = sC V1 .
(1)
V1 V2
V2
+ 0.5sC V1 =
sL
R
(2)
Solving (1) and (2),

sL + R
V1 = 2
s LC + 0.5sCR + 1
Z Th =
V1
sL + R
= 2
1 s LC + 0.5sCR + 1
At = 10 4 ,
Z Th
( j10 4 )(20 10 -3 ) + 400

=
( j10 4 ) 2 (20 10 -3 )(0.25 10 -6 ) + 0.5( j10 4 )(0.25 10 -6 )(400) + 1
Z Th =
400 + j200
= 600 j200
0.5 + j0.5
Z Th = 632.5 - 18.435 ohms

(a)
1
(G + jC)(R + jL) + 1
1
= G + jC +
=
R + j L
R + j L
Z
which leads to
Z=
jL + R
2
LC + j(RC + LG) + GR + 1
R
+
C
LC
Z() =
R
G GR + 1
2 + j + +
LC
L C
j
(1)
We compare this with the given impedance:

Z() =
1000( j + 1)
2
+ 2 j + 1 + 2500
(2)
Comparing (1) and (2) shows that
1
= 1000
C
R G
+ =2
L C
C = 1 mF,
R/L = 1
R=L
G = C = 1 mS
GR + 1 10 3 R + 1
2501 =
=
LC
10 3 R
R = 0 .4 = L
Thus,
R = 0.4, L = 0.4 H, C = 1 mF, G = 1 mS
(b) By frequency-scaling, Kf =1000.
R = 0.4 , G = 1 mS
L' =
L
0.4
=
= 0.4mH ,
K f 10 3
C' =
C 10 3
=
= 1F
K f 10 3
C =
C
KmKf
Kf =
c 200
=
= 200
Km =
C 1
1
1
= -6
= 5000
C K f 10 200
R = K m R = 5 k,
thus,
R f = 2R i = 10 k
1F
1
10 6
C' =
C=
= 0.1 pF
K mKf
100 x10 5
5F
C' = 0.5 pF
10 k
R ' = K m R = 100x10 k = 1 M
20 k
R ' = 2 M

The schematic is shown below. A voltage marker is inserted to measure vo. In
the AC sweep box, we select Total Points = 50, Start Frequency = 1, and End
Frequency = 1000. After saving and simulation, we obtain the magnitude and
phase plots in the probe menu as shown below.

We let I s = 10 o A so that Vo / I s = Vo . The schematic is shown below. The circuit
is simulated for 100 < f < 10 kHz.
The schematic is shown below. A current marker is inserted to measure I. We set

Total Points = 101, start Frequency = 1, and End Frequency = 10 kHz in the
AC sweep box. After simulation, the magnitude and phase plots are obtained in
the Probe menu as shown below.
The schematic is shown below. In the AC Sweep box, we set Total Points = 50,
Start Frequency = 1, and End Frequency = 100. After simulation, we obtain the
magnitude response as shown below. It is evident from the response that the
circuit represents a high-pass filter.
The schematic is shown below. We insert a voltage marker to measure Vo. In the
AC Sweep box, we set Total Points = 101, Start Frequency = 1, and End
Frequency = 100. After simulation, we obtain the magnitude and phase plots of
Vo as shown below.
The schematic is shown below. In the AC Sweep box, we type Total Points =
101, Start Frequency = 100, and End Frequency = 1 k. After simulation, the
magnitude plot of the response Vo is obtained as shown below.
The schematic is shown below. In the AC Sweep box, we set

Total Points = 1001, Start Frequency = 1, and End Frequency = 100k. After
simulation, we obtain the magnitude plot of the response as shown below. The
response shows that the circuit is a high-pass filter.
The schematic is shown below. In the AC Sweep box, we set

Total Points = 1001, Start Frequency = 1, and End Frequency = 100k. After
simulation, we obtain the magnitude plot of the response as shown below. The
response shows that the circuit is a high-pass filter.
The schematic is shown below. We type Total Points = 101, Start Frequency =
1, and End Frequency = 100 in the AC Sweep box. After simulating the circuit,
the magnitude plot of the frequency response is shown below.
L
C
R
1
1 R2
f0 =
2 LC L2
R
400
10 7
=
=
,
L 240 10 -6
6
Since
R
1
<<
L
LC
1
1
1016
=
=
LC (240 10 -6 )(120 10 -12 ) 288
f0
1
2 LC
10 8
24 2
= 938 kHz
R
1
<<
.
L
LC
The result remains the same.
If R is reduced to 40 ,
c =
1
RC
We make R and C as small as possible. To achieve this, we connect 1.8 k and 3.3 k
in parallel so that
1.8x 3.3
R=
= 1.164 k
1.8 + 3.3
We place the 10-pF and 30-pF capacitors in series so that
C = (10x30)/40 = 7.5 pF
Hence,
1
1
c =
=
= 114.55x10 6 rad/s
RC 1.164x10 3 x 7.5x10 12
(a)
f0 =
1
2 LC
When C = 360 pF ,
f0 =
1
2 (240 10 -6 )(360 10 -12 )
= 0.541 MHz
When C = 40 pF ,
f0 =
1
2 (240 10 -6 )(40 10 -12 )
Therefore, the frequency range is

0.541 MHz < f 0 < 1.624 MHz
= 1.624 MHz
Q=
(b)
2fL
R
At f 0 = 0.541 MHz ,
Q=
(2 )(0.541 10 6 )(240 10 -6 )
= 67.98
12
At f 0 = 1.624 MHz ,
(2 )(1.624 10 6 )(240 10 -6 )
= 204.1
Q=
12

Ri
Vi
V1
Vo
+
C1
C2
RL
Vo
Z2
Z1 = R L ||
Z2 =
Z1
RL
1
=
sC 2 1 + sR 2 C 2
1
1 sL + R L + s 2 R L C 2 L
|| (sL + Z1 ) =
||
sC1
sC1
1 + sR L C 2
1 sL + R L + s 2 R L C 2 L
sC1
1 + sR L C 2
Z2 =
sL + R L + s 2 R L C 2 L
1
+
sC1
1 + sR L C 2
sL + R L + s 2 R L LC 2
Z2 =
1 + sR L C 2 + s 2 LC1 + sR L C1 + s 3 R L LC1C 2
V1 =
Z2
V
Z2 + R i i
Vo =
Z1
Z2
Z1
V1 =
V
Z1 + sL
Z 2 + R 2 Z1 + sL i
Vo
Z2
Z1
=
Vi Z 2 + R 2 Z1 + sL
where
Z2
=
Z2 + R 2
sL + R L + s 2 R L LC 2
sL + R L + s 2 R L LC 2 + R i + sR i R L C 2 + s 2 R i LC1 + sR i R L C1 + s 3 R i R L LC1C 2
and
Z1
RL
=
Z1 + sL R L + sL + s 2 R L LC 2
Therefore,
Vo
=
Vi
R L (sL + R L + s 2 R L LC 2 )
(sL + R L + s 2 R L LC 2 + R i + sR i R L C 2 + s 2 R i LC 1 + sR i R L C 1
+ s 3 R i R L LC 1 C 2 )( R L + sL + s 2 R L LC 2 )
where s = j .

Ri
Vi
V1
Vo
+
C1
C2
RL
Vo
Z2
Z1

1 sL (R L + 1 sC 2 )
=
Z = sL || R L +
,
sC 2 R L + sL + 1 sC 2
V1 =
Z
V
Z + R i + 1 sC1 i
Vo =
RL
RL
Z
V1 =
V
R L + 1 sC 2
R L + 1 sC 2 Z + R i + 1 sC1 i
H () =
Vo
RL
sL (R L + 1 sC 2 )
=
Vi R L + 1 sC 2 sL (R L + 1 sC 2 ) + (R i + 1 sC1 )(R L + sL + 1 sC 2 )
H () =
s 3 LR L C 1C 2
(sR i C 1 + 1)(s 2 LC 2 + sR L C 2 + 1) + s 2 LC 1 (sR L C 2 + 1)
where s = j .

B = 2 1 = 2 (f 2 f 1 ) = 2 (454 432) = 44
0 = 2f 0 = QB = (20)(44 )
f0 =
s = j
(20)(44)
= (20)(22) = 440 Hz
2
Xc =
C=
1
1
=
C 2f C
1
1
10 -9
=
=
2f X c (2 )(2 10 6 )(5 10 3 ) 20
X L = L = 2f L
XL
300
3 10 -4
=
=
L=
2f (2 )(2 10 6 )
4
f0 =
B=
1
2 LC
1
3 10 -4 10 -9
2
4
20
= 1.826 MHz
4
R
= 4.188 10 6 rad / s
= (100)
3 10 -4
L
c = 2f c =
R=
1
RC
1
1
=
= 15.91
2f c C (2 )(20 10 3 )(0.5 10 -6 )
c = 2f c =
R=
1
RC
1
1
=
= 1.061 k
2f c C (2 )(15)(10 10 -6 )
(a)
When R s = 0 and R L = , we have a low-pass filter.

c = 2f c =
fc =
1
RC
1
1
=
= 994.7 Hz
2RC (2)(4 10 3 )(40 10 -9 )
(b)
We obtain R Th across the capacitor.

R Th = R L || (R + R s )
R Th = 5 || (4 + 1) = 2.5 k
fc =
1
1
=
2R Th C (2 )(2.5 10 3 )(40 10 -9 )
f c = 1.59 kHz

H () =
H () =
H () =
Vo
R2
,
=
Vi R 2 + R 1 || 1 sC
s = j
R (R + 1 sC)
R2
= 2 1
R (1 sC) R 2 + R 1 (1 sC)
R2 + 1
R 1 + 1 sC
R 2 (1 + sCR 1 )
R 1 + sCR 2
The schematic is shown below. We click Analysis/Setup/AC Sweep and enter

Total Points = 1001, Start Frequency = 100, and End Frequency = 100 k.
After simulation, we obtain the magnitude plot of the response as shown.

SOL (Cie) 14

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

SOL (Cie) 14

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 14, Solution 1.

Chapter 14, Solution 2.

Chapter 14, Solution 3.

The Thevenin impedance across the second capacitor where Vo is taken is

RC = (40 10 3 )(2 10 -6 ) = 80 10 -3 = 0.08

Chapter 14, Solution 4.

Chapter 14, Solution 5.

Chapter 14, Solution 6.

Using current division,

We apply nodal analysis to the circuit below.

Chapter 14, Solution 7.

Chapter 14, Solution 8.

H dB = 20 log10 4.472 = 13.01 ,

H dB = 20 log10 4.254 = 12.577 ,

Chapter 14, Solution 9.

H dB = -20 log10 1 + j 20 log10 1 + j / 10

Chapter 14, Solution 10.

H dB = 20 log10 5 + 20 log10 1 + j 10 20 log10 j 20 log10 1 + j 2

The magnitude and phase plots are shown below.

Chapter 14, Solution 12.

The plots are shown below.

Chapter 14, Solution 13.

G dB = -20 + 20 log10 1 + j 40 log10 j 20 log10 1 + j 10

Chapter 14, Solution 14.

H dB = 20 log10 2 + 20 log10 1 + j 20 log10 j

= -90 + tan -1 tan -1

The magnitude and phase plots are shown below.

Chapter 14, Solution 15.

H dB = 20 log10 2 + 20 log10 1 + j 20 log10 1 + j 2 20 log10 1 + j 10

Chapter 14, Solution 16.

Chapter 14, Solution 17.

G dB = -20log10 4 + 20 log10 j 20 log10 1 + j 40 log10 1 + j 2

G dB = 20 log10 4 50 + 40 log10 1 + j 2 20 log10 j

Chapter 14, Solution 19.

H dB = 20 log10 j 20 log10 100 20 log10 1 + j 10 2 100

The magnitude and phase plots are shown below.

Chapter 14, Solution 20.

N dB = 20 20 log10 1 + j 20 log10 1 + j 10 + 20 log10 1 + j 2

Chapter 14, Solution 21.

TdB = 20 log10 j + 20 log10 1 + j 20 log10 100

20 log10 1 + j 10 20 log10 1 + j 10 2 100

= 90 + tan -1 tan -1 10 tan -1

The magnitude and phase plots are shown below.

Chapter 14, Solution 22.

A zero of slope + 20 dB / dec at = 2

A pole of slope - 20 dB / dec at = 100

Chapter 14, Solution 23.

A pole of slope - 20 dB / dec at = 1

A pole of slope - 40 dB / dec at = 10

Chapter 14, Solution 24.

where k is a constant since arg k = 0 .

where k = 10k is constant

Chapter 14, Solution 25.

Z(0 4) = 2000 + j (100 2000 5)

Z(20 ) = 2000 + j (2)(5 10 3 )(40 10 -3 )

Z(40 ) = 2000 + j (4)(5 10 3 )(40 10 -3 )

Chapter 14, Solution 26.

Chapter 14, Solution 27.

Chapter 14, Solution 28.

Chapter 14, Solution 29.

Chapter 14, Solution 30.

Chapter 14, Solution 31.

R R 2x10 x10 6 x 5.6 x10 3