Day 9 Agenda

09.15 Revision
09.45 Personal Protection Equipment
10.30 Break
10.45 Accident Investigation, RIDDOR, First Aid at Work
12.30 Lunch
1.30 Practical assessment Preparation
3.00 Break
3.15 Practical assessment Preparation Continued
4.15 Review and Link to Day 10
4.30 Course Close

P. P. E.

Personal Protective Equipment at

Work Regulations 1992

Equipment designed to be worn or held by

a person at work for protection against a
specific risk (not ordinary work clothes)
Hazard to include inclement weather
Always look at safe place controls first
PPE - last stage of control

Personal Protective Equipment at

Work Regulations 1992

Provision and suitability

Suitable for both Hazard and Ergonomically
sound for the Person within the design range

Compatibility
Assessment of risks
Maintenance
Storage/ accommodation
Information, instruction, training
Use by employees, report defect
Replacement

Considerations for Design and Use

Design
Wearer
hazard & risk
health
required function
capabilities
conditions
limitations
effective control without perception of the hazard
increasing overall risk fit- ergonomic needs
CE marked
anatomy, av. size, comfort

Effectiveness / Acceptability

Comfort
Intrusion on personal comfort
Coping with discomfort & continued use
Perceived protection
Knowledge of hazard
Assessment of risk
Reinforced Information Instructions and
Training
Ease of use
Simple and easy to use
Close to hand

Exercise
In what circumstances should PPE be used?
How will you choose what PPE will be most
suitable?
Will you be able to charge workers for it?

Consider footwear as an example

Respiratory Protection

Respirators
Filters, needs appropriate filter for contaminant / s
Require environment to support life
Positive and Negative pressures (problem with seal)

Breathing apparatus
Doesnt need good wholesome air
Has a defined time / distance
Different types :
Umbilical air fed type
Cylinder type

Categories of PPE

Head
eyes
ears
respiratory protection

Arm and hand

Body protection
Skin
Legs
Feet

Typical PPE Questions

1.
2.

Outline the factors to be considered in the correct selection of respiratory

protection equipment for use at work
(8)
a) Explain the difference between Breathing apparatus and Respirators(2)
b) Describe one type of breathing apparatus and state the limitations of its
use
(6)

Accident
Investigation

Accident Investigation Definition

A Systematic Observation, Analysis and Evaluation of

Events that have occurred which have caused damage to
People, Property and Product OR had the potential to
do so.

The Investigation should highlight the deficiencies in the

interaction between :-

The Environment
Management Systems
Equipment
Personal Factors
The Task

Accident Investigation Outcomes

Specific Instructions by Management

Establishment of a Working Party
Issue of:
Codes of practice
New methods of work ( systems of work )

Identification of training needs

Task analysis
Provision of further information
Additional monitoring
Fines, Compensation, Insurance
Loss of work, orders, goodwill
Prohibition, Close Down
ALL COST, TIME, or RESOURCE

Accident Investigation
General Points

Complete Investigation and report within 24 hours

Delegate investigation if busy
Never delay medical help to question an injured person
Ensure it is safe to interview, ask doctor / nurse
Injured person may be confused state of shock
Keep eye witnesses apart (not always reliable )
Interview separately
Clarify the difference between fact and opinion
Record as much factual detail as possible
positions, distances etc, ( Cameras both still and Video )
Retain items as evidence

Accidents / Ill Health:

Investigation Procedure
Report

the Accident

Investigation

Procedure

Establish the facts

Gather Information
Draw conclusions
Report the results
Prevent

a recurrence

Investigation Sequence

Statutory and Other Notification

Site Visit
Record Physical details
Conduct Site Interviews
Conduct Off-Site Interviews
Draft a Report
Decide upon Remedial action
Produce the Final Report
Implement Remedial Action
Monitor Effectiveness
Feed back Information to Personnel involved

Accident Investigation Kit

Pen, Paper, Clipboard
Camera, Video
Tape and Rule
An Aide Memoir
Subjects to cover, questions to ask, and a Pro-forma sheet to

record basic details e.g ; dates, times, weather, location,

conditions, people etc
Tape recorder :- ( Advantages )

Accident Communication Sequence / Action

ACCIDENT

Dangerous
occurrence

Fatal
Injury

Inform
Inspectorate

Reportable
Injury

Reportable
Disease

Inform HSE
Insurers
Inform
Police
Investigate, Record Details
Collate Report

Site Visit

Immediate Site Visits are Very Important to : Familiarise yourself with the physical layout
If you dont go, any conclusions will be from other peoples reports, which
are open to misunderstanding and misinterpretation
Establish Site Activities
The type of work and operation
How many people, what grades etc
Materials and equipment used
Confirm with someone who would be familiar
Record Details of the Accident Site
A scaled picture is worth a thousand words
Facts, time, machine, task, speed,etc
Talk directly to the people to identify how the accident happened
Question whether you are at the True Accident Site ?

Investigation Procedure
P

- people

- equipment

- materials

- environment

Remember that the main reason for investigating

accidents is to find out the facts and prevent a
recurrence - NOT TO ALLOCATE BLAME

Information Required

WHO
Injured, witnesses, contributed to the accident
WHAT
Happened, the sequence of events (Direct / indirect causes)
Precautions taken, their adequacy
Applicable Regulations, ACoPs Guidance etc applied
WHEN
Did the accident occur
Were individuals trained etc
WHERE
Did the accident occur

HOW
Did the accident happen, Can we prevent a recurrence

Domino Theory of Accident

Events
Lack of
management
control

Proactive
Risk
Management

Basic
causes

Immediate
causes

Accident/
incident

Injury/
Ill-health
Loss

Reactive
Risk
Management

Accident Causation
Indirect
Cause
Underlying
Factors

A
B
C

Root Cause

Direct
Cause

Accident Management Procedure.

Accident
Employee reports to Line Manager, and
Occupational Health (OH) department

TREATMENT IN OH DEPARTMENT OH
contacts line Manager if more info needed
Employee sent back to work
OH contacts Line Manager

Referral to Hospital
OH contacts Line Manager

Who Reports ?
Sent Home or Hospital
Who checks Contractors?
OH contacts Line Manager
Line Manager Investigates !
Who checks after 3 days absence ?
What happens outside OH hours ?

Sent home / GP
OH contacts Line Manager.

Line Manager: follow up,

RIDDOR, Ensure Employee
Reports to OH on return

RIDDOR 98?
Reportable to HSE or Local Authority :Fatalities, Major Injuries reported
by telephone immediately and F2508 sent within 10
days
Over Three Day injuries reported
by F2508 sent within 10 days
Dangerous Occurrences reported
by telephone immediately and F2508 sent within 10
days
Diseases reported
by sending report F2508A forthwith
Records of reports kept for 3 years

Major Injuries Reg 3(2)

Fractures:
Except in finger, thumbs or toes
Dislocation:
Shoulder, hip, knee or spine
Amputation
Eyes:
Loss of sight, penetration, chemical or metal burn
Loss of consciousness
Illness:
Requiring medical treatment caused by exposure to
chemical or pathogens
Admission to hospital for more than 24 hours

RIDDOR 98

over three day

Incapacity for work for more than three consecutive days not counting the
day of the accident but including any days which would not normally be
worked.
In practise more than three consecutive days means at least 4 days.
Where someone returns to work but not carrying out work covered by their
contract of employment then this is reportable

Reportable Diseases
Disease

Activity

Blood dyscrasia

Work with Ionising Radiation

13

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Work involving the use of

hand held vibrating tools

31

Cancer of the urinary tract

Work with betanaphthylamine

Calculation of Injury Incidence

Rates
Number of Reportable Accidents
100,000
Average number employed during year

Injury Rates Top Ten 1996/97

4000
Coal
3500

Extraction of minerals
Railways
Food

3000

Postal/Telecom
Manuf Minerals

2500

Metal Manuf
Transport

2000

Repairs
Manuf motor vehicles

1500

Average
Lowest

1000

Engineering

500
0
1

Per 100,000 employee

Limitations of Accident Data

Under-reporting
cheating
interpretation of an accident e.g. do you report
physical contact or aggressive language?
Sample size is usually not statistically sound
one event can skew figures
long term trends take time to show
measurement of failure
ignore specifics e.g. tasks in an office compared
to a factory environment
often dont consider hours worked

Typical Accident Investigation Questions

1.
2.
3.

Outline the immediate and longer term action that management should take
following a serious injury accident at work
(8)
Outline the information that should be included in an accident investigation
(8)
Giving reasons in each case, identify FOUR categories of persons who may
be considered a useful member of an internal accident investigation team
(8)

First Aid at Work

Regulations

Assessment of First Aid Need

In assessing need, employers need to consider:

workplace hazards and risks

the size of the organisation
the organisation's history of accidents
the nature and distribution of the workforce
the remoteness of the site from emergency medical
services
the needs of travelling, remote and lone workers
employees working on shared or multi-occupied sites
annual leave and other absences of
first-aiders and appointed persons

High Risk Considerations

Where work involves particular risk (even if the number of
workers is low) e.g. work with hazardous chemicals or
machinery, first aid needs will be greater
Employers may need to :

provide a sufficient number of first-aiders so that someone is

always available to give first aid immediately following an
incident

train first-aiders in special procedures

inform the local emergency services, in writing,of the site

where hazardous substances or processes are in use

provide first-aid room(s)

Minimum Contents of A
First Aid Box
Guidance
1
2
2
4
6
6
2

Individually wrapped sterile adhesive dressings

Sterile eye pads with attachments
Triangular bandages
Safety pins
Medium sized sterile unmediated dressings
Large sterile unmediated wound dressings
Disposable Gloves
See ACoP
Remember Car Kits

Incident Recording

date, time and place of incident;

name and job of the injured or ill person;
details of the injury/illness and what first aid was given;
what happened to the person immediately afterwards
(for example went home, went back to work, went to
hospital);
name and signature of the first-aider or person dealing
with the incident.

Accident

Date

First-Aider Competencies
First-Aiders need to be able to :
transport a casualty safely as required by the circumstances of the
workplace
recognise common major illnesses and take appropriate action
recognise minor illnesses and take appropriate action
maintain simple factual records and provide written information
to a doctor or hospital if required
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
principles of first aid at work, in particular of:
the importance of personal hygiene in first-aid procedures
the legal framework for first-aid provision at work
the use of first-aid equipment provided in the workplace
the role of the first-aider in emergency procedures

Appointed Persons
Appointed

Persons are NOT First Aiders :-

Have a co-ordinating role

Contact Emergency Services
Replenished first Aid equipment
Appointed

Persons may wish to know :

what to do in an emergency
cardio-pulmonary resuscitation
first aid for the unconscious casualty
first aid for the wounded or bleeding

First Aid Regulations 1981

Duty of Employer to make provision for first aid

assessment of need
first aid materials, equipment and facilities
first aid personnel
Duty of employer to inform employees of
arrangements
information for employees
Duty of self-employed to provide first aid
equipment

Appendix 1 :

Assessment of first aid needs checklist

Appendix 2 :

First aid competencies

Typical First Aid Questions

1.

Outline the factors to be considered when deciding the numbers of firstaiders that may be required at the workplace
(8)

Practical
Inspection

Practical Inspection
Aim
to undertake a workplace inspection
note any hazards and the way they are controlled
identify safe and unsafe working practices
recommend appropriate and cost effective remedial action
prepare a report identifying items requiring immediate
management action

Practical Assessment

The inspection will take place of a work area and will : Take up to 1 hour

Total marks 55%

The report to management

Takes up to 1 hour.
Identifies risk based priorities
Legal breaches, Costs,
Inform management of Recommendations
Should be approximately 3 -4 pages long

Total marks 45%

Overall pass mark 60%

Hazard Observations

Range of issues identified = 5%

Number of hazards identified

Identification of immediate, and

= 20%

where appropriate, long term

action

=10%

Suitability of remedial action

Total

=55%

=20%

NEBOSH Practical Assessment

Candidates Name : Any Body
Place of assessment : XYZ Ltd
Observations
List, Unsafe Practices and
any Good practices
1.Cable from the OHP to power point on floor
Is a tripping hazard
2.No segregation between Traffic and Pedestrians

Date of Assessment : 19 / 06 / 05
Assessor : John Smith
Comments
Priority
List any Immediate or Longer term I M L
action required

Remove the cable

Consider Redesign
Erect speed limit signs
Consider speed bumps
3.Heavy items stored on high shelves (photocopy room) Remove / relocate items
Redesign shelf units
4.Shelves in Photocopy room very loose
Secure to the wall
Consider better design of shelving
5. Fire signs, Extinguishers etc Very good practice
No Action necessary

etc, etc, etc

I
L
I
M
I
M
I
M
n/a

Report to Management

Selection of topics for urgent

action
=10%

Consideration of cost
5%

Identification of breaches and

5%

Presentation

Effectiveness in convincing
to take action =15%

Total

management

implications

legislation =

=10%

=45%

management

NEBOSH Certificate
Practical Assessment Report
I am writing further to an inspection of the WATA Training Centre, on _______ 2000 which took no
more than an hour, my report is as follows :Training Room Cable
The cable from the OHP presents a tripping hazard, from which a visitor or employee
could fall and severely damage themselves, this could lead to prosecution of the
company and perhaps to individuals. In addition to which the injured person may sue the
company or individuals. Should this happen, the insurance premiums could rise and the
insurance company impose extra controls.
This would be a breach of the Workplace (Health Safety and Welfare) Regulations
Recommendation
Immediately remove the cable at a cost of 150. In the long term consider re designing
The location of the power point
NEXT HEADING
Produce a paragraph at the end to prioritise all the hazards observed

Revision

Common / Civil Law Questions

Define the term Negligence

(2)
What the reasonable prudent person would not do OR what the
reasonable prudent person would have done in the circumstances

Outline the possible defences available to employers in cases of alleged

negligence
(6)
No Duty owed
Duty owed no negligent act
Negligent act but couldnt have caused harm etc
Contributory negligence
Volenti non fit injuria
Facts speak for themselves

Vicarious Liability
a) State the circumstances in which an employer may be held
vicariously liable for the negligence of an employee
(2)
Negligent Act
In course of employment

b) Outline the legal duties placed on employers to help to ensure

that employees behave in a safe manner
(6)

Duty of Care
HSW Act
Management Regulations
PPE Regs,

Common Law Negligence

Define the term Negligence

(2)
What the reasonable prudent person would not do OR what the reasonable
prudent person would have done in the circumstances

Outline the Three standard conditions that must be met for an employee to
prove a case of alleged negligence against an employer
(6)

Was a Duty of Care (Neighbour Principle) snail in the bottle case

Duty was broken
Damage injury or loss was result of the breach

Differences between Civil / Criminal Law

Explain the Differences between civil and criminal Law

Common Law

Evolved through precedents

Safe Working Environment
Safe Systems of Work
Governs relationships between Individuals
Law of Contract
Law of TORT (Negligence)
Can Sue in the County (Civil) Court for
Compensation
Loss or harm suffered
Insurance available

Proof = Balance of Probabilities

(8)

Statute Law

Laws made by Parliament

Governs Relationship between Individual

and the State

Acts and Regulations

(Direct Legislation)

Best course of action for the Community

Crime

Prosecute, Imprisoned in Magistrates or

Crown courts

No loss necessary

No Insurance available
Proof = Beyond Reasonable Doubt

Typical Statute Law Questions 1

1. Explain using TWO examples the meaning of the term so far as is reasonably practicable
(8)
2. Outline the general duties placed on employees by ;

the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

(4)
the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999

(4)

3. State the duties of the employers to employees under s2 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
(8)
4. With reference to the Health and Safety at Work act 1974, outline the duties of persons in control of
premises towards Non-employees
(8)
5. Outline the main duties under Section 6 of the health and Safety at Work Act 1974
placed upon manufactures, suppliers and importers of substances for use at work

(8)

Typical Statute Law Questions

1. a) Outline the general duties placed on employees by section 7 and 8 of the Health
and Safety at Work Act 1974
(6)
b) Outline a specific duty placed on employees by the management of Health and
Safety at Work Regulations 1999
(2)

Typical Inspector Powers Questions

1.

Outline the powers given to Health and Safety Inspectors under the Health and Safety at
Work Act 1974
(8)

2.

Explain the action an Enforcement Officer could take when it is believed that an
organisation has failed to comply with the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

(8)

3.

a) Explain the difference between an Improvement Notice and a Prohibition Notice (4)
b) What are the penalties for contravention of such notices by an employer
(4)

4.

Explain, using an example in each case, the circumstances under which a health and
safety inspector may serve :
1. An Improvement Notice
(4)
2. A Prohibition Notice
(4)

5. Outline the effect on the notice of appealing against EACH type of enforcement notice (4)

Typical Management Regs Questions

1. Outline the general requirements of the Management of Health and Safety
at Work Regulations 1999
(8)
2. State EIGHT requirements of the Management of Health and Safety at
Work Regulations 1999
(8)
3. a) Explain the meaning of the term Competent Person
(4)
b) Outline FOUR checks that could be made to assess competence
(4)

Typical Risk Assessment Questions

1.

Explain with examples the meaning of the terms:

2.

Hazard
Risk

(4)
(4)

a) Outline the HSE 5 Steps to risk assessment

(6)
b) Explain the importance of risk assessment
(2)
3. Outline the factors that should be considered in a risk assessment as
required by the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations
1999
(8)
4. In relation to the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulation 1999
a) explain the meaning of the term suitable for and sufficient
(2)
b) Outline the changes in circumstances that may require a risk
assessment to be reviewed
(6)

Typical Workplace Regulations Questions

1 Outline FOUR requirements of the workplace(Health , Safety and Welfare)
Regulations 1992
(8)
2. Outline the welfare requirements for the employee under the Workplace
(Health and Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992
(8)
3. Outline the factors that should be considered when assessing the adequacy of
lighting in EITHER ;
A vehicle maintenance workshop
Or
An office containing DSE
(8)

Typical Signs Questions

1.

State the shape and colours of the following types of Safety Signs and give
a typical example of each :
Prohibition
(2)
Warning
(2)
Mandatory
(2)
Emergency escape or First Aid
(2)

Typical Human Body Questions

1.

2.

a) Define the term Target Organ within the context of occy health (2)
b)Outline the personal hygiene practices that should be followed to reduce
the ingestion of a hazardous substance
(6)
b) Describe the bodys respiratory defence mechanism against atmospheric
dust
(6)
a) List THREE respiratory diseases that could be caused by exposure to
dust at work
(3)
b) Describe the bodys respiratory defence mechanisms against
atmospheric dust
(7)
c) Outline the control measures that may be used to eliminate or reduce
dust in a work environment, using practical examples where appropriate
(10)

Typical COSHH Questions

1.

2.

3.
4.
5.
6.

a) outline the factors that should be considered when carrying out an assessment as
required by the COSHH Regulations
(6)
b) Outline the relevance of HSE Guidance EH40 Occupational Exposure Limits
(2)
a) Explain the differences between an occupational exposure standard (OES) and a
maximum exposure limit (MEL)
(6)
b) Give an example of a substance in each type of occupational exposure limit
(2)
Outline the information that employees should receive when there is a risk that their work
will exposure them to a substance hazardous to health
(8)
Identify the information that should be included on a hazard Data Sheet supplied with a
hazardous substance
(8)
a) Explain the term dilution ventilation
(3)
b) Describe the circumstances under which dilution ventilation would be appropriate (5)
a) Draw a labelled sketch of a local exhaust ventilation (LEV) system showing the main
components
(6)
b) Give TWO practical examples of where a LEV system could be used
(2)

Typical Accident Causation Questions

1.
2.

3.

4.

Describe the types of human error that can lead to accidents in the
workplace
(8)
a) Explain using examples, the differences between the cause of
accident and the cause of injury
(4)
b) Explain why an understanding of the differences referred to above is
important when investigating accidents
(4)
a) Explain the differences between immediate causes and the root
(underlying causes) of an accident
(4)
b) with reference to an accident involving an operator who comes into
contact with a dangerous part of a machine, Describe;
The possible immediate causes ; and
The possible root (underlying ) causes
(16)
a) Identify the types of hazard that may cause slips and trips at work (4)
b) Outline how the hazards in (a) might be controlled
(4)

Typical DSE Questions

1.
2.
3.

4.

Outline the requirements of the DSE Regulations 1992

(8)
a) Outline the possible risks to health associated with the use of DSE (4)
b) Explain how the risks in (a) may be minimised
(4)
a) Explain the meaning of the term Ergonomic
(2)
b) Outline the Main factors to be considered in an ergonomic assessment
of a workstation to be used by an operator of a Visual Display Screen Unit
(DSE)
(6)
List factors that should be taken into account when assessing the suitability
of a workstation for the user of the visual display unit
(8)

Typical Communications Questions

1. Outline the sources of information that could be consulted when
developing a Safe System of Work
(8)
2. Outline the various methods of communicating health and safety
information to the workforce
(8)
3. Outline the reasons that may prevent a verbal instruction being
clearly understood by an employee
(8)
4. Outline the various ways in which a Safety Policy Document could
be communicated to the workforce
(8)

Typical Training Questions

1. Outline the main health and safety topics to be included in an
induction training programme for new employees
(8)
2. Outline how health and safety training needs can be identified (8)
3. Outline the events that may create a need for additional health
and safety training within an organisation
(8)
4. Outline the factors to be considered when preparing and
presenting a health and safety training session
(8)
5. Explain why induction training is important in the prevention of
accidents
(8)
6. Outline the issues that should be included in a training
programme for employees on the emergency action to take in the
event of a fire
(8)

Typical Safety Reps and Committee Questions

1. a) Explain the circumstances under which an employer must form
a Health and Safety committee
(2)
b) Give reasons why a Health and Safety Committee may be
ineffective
(6)
2. Outline the functions of a safety representative as stated in the
Safety Committees Regulations 1977
(8)
3. With regards to the Safety Representatives and Safety Committee
Regulations 1977 ;
1. Explain the occasions when a safety representative is legally entitled to
inspect the workplace
(6)
2. Describe the facilities that an employer may need to provide to safety
representatives
(2)

Typical Fire Questions

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Explain the methods of heat transfer that cause the fire to spread
(8)
Outline the main requirements of a safe means of escape from a building in
the event of a fire
(8)
Outline the precautions that should be taken when storing and handling
flammable solvents in small containers
(8)
Outline the factors that should be considered when preparing a procedure
to deal with a workplace emergency
(8)
a) Explain with a suitable sketch the meaning of the fire triangle
(4)
b) List the sources of ignition that may cause a fire to occur giving an
example of EACH
(4)

Typical Radiation Questions

1. a) Outline the possible effects on health arising from exposure to
ionising radiation
(4)
b) Outline the main principles of control for ionising radiation (4)
2. a) Explain the difference between ionising and non-ionising
radiation
(3)
b)Describe the health effects associated with exposure to nonionising radiation
(5)

Typical FLT Questions

1.

2.

Outline the hazards and the corresponding precautions to be taken

when charging batteries for fork lift trucks
(8)

Outline the main hazards of the fork truck operation

(8)
Hazards
Precautions
Weight
Define danger areas/Prohibition
Untrained operators
Train Operators
etc

FLT Q1
1.

List the ways in which a fork lift truck may become unstable
whilst in operation
(8)
Too fast around corners
Unstable load

Fork Lift Truck

1. List EIGHT rules to be followed to minimise the risk
of Fork Lift Trucks overturning
(8)
EightRulesCouldbe:
1.
AdequateTraining
2.
Competentpersons
3.
Speedrestrictions
4.
Stackingcontrol
5.
Preventingtheuseofforwardtilt
6.
Goodroadsurfaces(maintenance)
7.
RiskAssessmentofworkingenvironment
8.
Truckmaintenance
9.
Loadcompatibilitytotruck
10. Loadingprotocol

Typical Slinging Questions

1.
2.

Outline the precautions that should be taken during lifting operations with a
mobile crane
(8)
Outline the procedure for the safe lifting of a load by the crane, having
ensured that the crane has been correctly selected and positioned for the
job
(8)

Typical Transport Questions

1.
2.

Outline the main precautions to be taken to ensure the safe transport of

hazardous substances by road
(8)
Outline measures to be taken to prevent accidents when pedestrians are
required to work in vehicle manoeuvring areas
(8)

Typical Manual Handling Questions

1.

2.

4.

5.

a) List TWO types of injury that could result from poor Manual Handling techniques

(2)
b) Outline the general strategy that an employer is required to take to reduce the risk of
injury from manual handling operations in the workplace
(6)
a) Define the term Manual Handling
(2)
b) List THREE categories of injury that could be caused by the incorrect manual handling
of loads
(3)
c) Outline practical measures designed to reduce the risk of injury from manual handling
activities at work
(15)
a) List TWO types of injury that may be caused by the incorrect manual handling of loads
(2)
b) Outline a good handling technique that could be adopted by a person required to lift a
load from the ground
(6)
a) List the main factors to be considered in the making of an assessment under the
Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992
(4)
b) Outline practical risk reduction measures in relation to manual handling
(16)

Typical Machinery Questions

1.
2.
3.

4.

List EIGHT types mechanical hazards associated with machinery as described in BS EN

292
(8)
List EIGHT non mechanical hazards associated with machinery
(8)
Provide sketches to show clearly the nature of the following mechanical hazards from
moving parts of machinery :
a) Entanglement
(2)
b) Crushing
(2)
c) Drawing in
(2)
d) Shear
(2)
In relation to machinery safety, outline the basic principles of EACH of the following types
of safeguard :a) Fixed guard
(2)
b) Interlocking guard
(2)
c) Automatic guard
(2)
d) Trip device
(2)

Typical Maintenance Questions

1.

2.
3.

a) Identify the specific hazards associated with routine maintenance of

machinery
(4)
b) Outline how such hazards may be controlled
(4)
Describe the practical measures that must be taken to ensure maintenance
work is undertaken safely in an enclosed storage tank
(8)
Identify FOUR mechanical hazards presented by Pedestal drill and outline
in EACH case how injury may occur
(8)

Typical PUWER Questions

1. Describe the general hierarchy of measures for safe guarding of dangerous
parts of machinery as required by the Provision and Use of Work Equipment
Regulations 1998
(8)
2. List the main requirements of the Provision and Use of Work Equipment
Regulations 1998
(8)

Typical WRULDS Questions

1. Outline the factors to be considered when assessing risks to the health of a
user of DSE
(8)
2. Outline the possible risks to Health and Safety faced by the operator of a
pneumatic drill
(8)

Typical Electricity Questions

1.

2.

3.

4.
5.

a) Outline the main electrical hazards arising from work on a construction site
(4)
b) Describe the precautions that should be taken to minimise these hazards
(4)
a) Describe the function and limitations of a fuse as an electrical protection
(6)
b) Explain TWO advantages that a residual current device (RCD) has over a
fuse
(2)
Describe the principles of operation of the following types of electrical protection :
a) Earthing (4)
b) Reduced voltage (4)
List the items that should be included on an inspection checklist designed to ensure the safety
of portable appliances (8)
a) Outline the dangers associated with electricity
(4)
b) Outline the emergency action to take if a person suffers a severe electrical shock
(4)

Typical Construction Questions

1.
2.
3.

4.

Outline EIGHT precautions that may be taken to ensure the safety of

children who might be tempted to gain access to a construction site
(8)
Prepare a check list for the inspection of a mobile tower scaffold prior to
use
(8)
a)Sketch a labelled diagram of a putlog scaffold indicating its principal
safety features
(5)
b) List the inspection requirements of all erected scaffolds
(3)
In relation to safe access for construction work above ground :
a) Identify by means of a labelled sketch, the component parts of an
independent tied scaffold
(10)
b) outline the precautions that should be taken when using a ladder as a
means of access to the scaffold
(10)

Construction
1. Outline the precautions that should be taken when using mobile cranes (8)
2. a) Outline FOUR ways in which a person may be injured when using a ladder
at work
(4)
b) List the precautions that should be taken to ensure the safe use of Ladders
(4)

Typical Demolition Questions

1.
2.

List the hazards that may be encountered during the demolition of a multi
storey building
(8)
Outline the main precautions when carrying out demolition work
(8)

Typical Contractor Questions

1.
2.

Prepare a check list for the safe use of suspended access equipment, such
as a window cleaning cradle
(8)
a) outline FOUR duties placed upon a PRINCIPLE contractor by the
Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994
(4)
b) List FOUR factors that should be considered by a PRINCIPLE contractor
when assessing the health and safety competence of a sub contractor
(4)

Typical CDM and Control of Contractor

Questions
1.

2.

Outline FOUR duties under the Construction (Design and Management )

Regulations 1994 of EACH of the following persons:
a) The Client
(4)
b) The Planning supervisor
(4)
a) Outline FOUR duties placed upon a PRINCIPLE contractor by the CDM
Regulation
(4)
b) List FOUR factors that should be considered by a Principle contractor
when assessing the health and safety competence of a sub contractor
(4)

Typical Noise Questions

1.
2.

3.

4.

Outline the possible effects on health from exposure to noise

(8)
a) Describe the TWO main types of personal hearing protection
(4)
b) Identify FOUR reasons why personal hearing protection may fail to provide
adequate protection against noise (4)
a) Explain the meaning of the term dB (A) in relation to noise measurement
(2)
b) Outline the following methods of noise reduction, giving ONE practical
example of each :
a) Absorption (3)
b) Isolation
(3)
Explain the meaning of the following terms in relation to noise control :1. Silencing (2)
2. Absorption (2)
3. Damping (2)
4. Isolation (2)

Noise Attenuation Methods

Typical PPE Questions

1.
2.

Outline the factors to be considered in the correct selection of respiratory

protection equipment for use at work
(8)
a) Explain the difference between Breathing apparatus and Respirators (2)
b) Describe one type of breathing apparatus and state the limitations of its
use
(6)

Typical Accident Investigation Questions

1.
2.
3.

Outline the immediate and longer term action that management should take
following a serious injury accident at work
(8)
Outline the information that should be included in an accident investigation
(8)
Giving reasons in each case, identify FOUR categories of persons who may
be considered a useful member of an internal accident investigation team
(8)

Typical First Aid Questions

1.

Outline the factors to be considered when deciding the numbers of firstaiders that may be required at the workplace
(8)