Q1 (2 pts.) What is the difference between morality and
ethics? Morals/morality is set of rules that can be applied to everyone in a society (or in the universe). These rules are the basic establishment of what is right or wrong. Ethics is based upon examining human actions in the context of moral rules and examining whether the action (real or theoretical) is fundamentally right or wrong. Q2 (2 pts.) Why do businesses and governments often use utilitarianism to justify their actions? Governments and businesses often use a utilitarian framework for justifying actions due to the fact that the majority runs them. Governments seek to maximize the good for the majority to protect their constituents and society, and businesses seek to maximize the good for the most shareholders or customers. This aligns well with a utilitarian ideology. Q3 (2 pts.) Describe similarities and differences between divine command theory and Kantianism. Kantianism and divine theory are similar in that they define universal guidelines (rationality for Kantianism, the word of god for divine command), and have rules without exceptions (god being the ultimate arbiter, perfect duties). They are very different in that Kantianism emphasizes good will as the ultimate right in the world, and considering for yourself whether your action is morally right. Divine command theory says you must follow the word of god, regardless of the motives behind your actions, and unknowing of the rationale behind the gods creation of the laws.
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Q4 (1 pt.) Rules of conduct that are based on values and
describe what people ought and ought not to do in various situations are called a) ethics. b) morality. c) philosophy. d) laws.
Q5 (1 pt.) A character trait that prevents a human being from
flourishing or become truly happy is called a a. fatal attraction. b. inverse virtue. c. negative virtue. d. vice.
Q6 (1 pt.) The idea that social and economic inequalities must be
to the greatest benefit of the least-advantaged members of society is called a. capitalism. b. communism. c. socialism. d. utilitarianism. e. the difference principle.
Q7 (1 pt.) According to Aristotle, moral virtue results from
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a. a good education. b. living a long life. c. a happy marriage and loving family. d. repetition of the appropriate acts.