CU HI N TP

Cu hi: V s cu trc ca h thng my tnh? Nu

chc nng ca tng b phn? Nu hn ch ln nht ca my
tnh theo kin trc ca Von Neumann.
2) Cu hi: Gi s ti thi im my tnh thc hin chng
trnh, gi tr ca cc thanh ghi trong CPU nh sau:
DS=CS=SS=ES=189Ah; IP =01C4h, SP=FFF8h, SI=0000h,
DI = 0000h,
3) Hy cho bit:
1)

- Chng trnh ny c phn m rng l .COM hay .EXE? Ti

sao?
- M ca lnh chng trnh trn nm trong b phn no ca
my tnh? Ti v tr c a ch vt l no? Ch r cch xc
nh?
4) Cu hi: Cc my tnh c nhn (PC) hin nay c thit k
theo kin trc no? Theo kin trc ny, my tnh gm nhng
b phn g? Nu chc nng ca tng b phn? Nhc im
chnh ca kin trc ny l g?
5) Cu hi: B x l trung tm (CPU) ca my tnh lin kt vi
cc b phn khc ca h thng my tnh (cc cng vo/ra v
b nh) bng nhng nhm tn hiu no? Nu chc nng,
hng truyn ca cc nhm tn hiu ? Khi CPU nhn lnh
thc hin, th m lnh chuyn t u ti u, theo ng
no?
6) Cu hi: Phn bit a ch logic v a ch vt l ca mt
ngn nh? Nu phng php CPU xc nh a ch vt l da
trn a ch logic? Hy cho bit lnh u tin sau khi my
tnh khi ng xong c a ch logic bng bao nhiu? Tnh a
ch vt l ca lnh ?
7) Cu hi: B vi x l 8086/88 c bus a ch v d liu bao
nhiu bit? N c th truy cp ti a c bao nhiu nh?
Mi nh cha bao nhiu bit? Khi CPU thc hin lnh:
MOV [DI],AL
th nh c truy cp c a ch l bao nhiu? Cho bit gi
tr cc thanh ghi bn trong CPU trc lc thc hin lnh l:

AX = 0000; BX = 0000; CX = 0000; DX = 0000; SP =

FFEE;
BP=0; SI =0;
DI=0;
DS=127Ch;
ES=127Ch;
SS=127Ch; CS=0700h; IP=0100h
8) Cu hi: on b nh l g? a ch on b nh cha trong
cc thanh ghi no? di ca cc thanh ghi a ch ca
on l bao nhiu bit? Hy cho bit ngn nh c a ch vt
l l 256A3h c th nm trong nhng on b nh no, a
ch lch bao nhiu (hy vit ra t nht 3 a ch logic ca
a ch vt l trn)? Vit cng thc lin h gia a ch vt l
v a ch logic?
9) Cu hi: Gi s my tnh thc hin chng trnh c phn
m rng l .COM. Vi trng thi ban u cc thanh ghi on
v
con
tr
ch
s
trong
CPU
nh
sau:
CS=DS=SS=ES=1000H; IP=0100; AX=0000; BX=0000;
CX=0000;
DX=0000;
BP=0000;SP=FFFE;
SI=0000;
DI=0000. Hi:
Khi CPU nhn m lnh t b nh, n s dng nhng thanh
ghi g xc nh a ch ca lnh cn c vo?
CPU tnh a ch vt l ca lnh trn c s ni dung ca cc
thanh ghi theo cng thc no?
Xc nh a ch vt l ca byte m lnh u tin vi cc d
liu cho trn?
10) Cu hi: X l ng ng l g? Do c cu trc bn trong
no m b vi x l 8086 c kh nng thc hin chng
trnh theo kiu ng ng? Gi s cc lnh u c thi gian
nhn lnh, gii m v thc thi l 1 chu k my. Bng hnh
v biu thi gian, hy xc nh thi gian CPU hon
thnh 5 lnh theo c ch x l ng ng?
11) Cu hi: Hy cho bit tn, k hiu v ngha ca 6 c ch
th trng thi ca kt qu trong CPU? Xc nh gi tr cc c
sau khi b vi x l 8086 thc hin lnh sau:
MOV AL,056H
ADD AL,0AAH
(Bit rng trc gi tr cc bit c trn v thanh ghi AL
bng 0).

12) Cu hi: Ti sao trong B vi x l 8086 ca Intel tt c cc

thanh ghi a ch (on v lch) c di ti a l 16 bits
nhng a ch vt l CPU to ra c di 20 bits (t A0 n
A19)? Hy cho bit cc cp thanh ghi (on v lch)
tng ng a ch ha m lnh, d liu v ngn xp? Xc
nh tn cc thanh ghi cha a ch logic ca byte m lnh
nm trong on b nh c a ch l 1034h v lch l
0200h? Tnh a ch vt l ca byte m lnh ni trn?
13) Cu hi: Bus h thng ca my tnh ni B vi x l Intel
8088 vi b nh v cc cng vo/ra gm nhng bus con g?
V s to cc bus con trong my tnh PC/XT dng vi x l
8088? Trnh by mt chu k bus c b nh?
14) Cu hi: Trn bn b nh my tnh? B nh ROM BIOS
trong my tnh IBM PCXT nm vng a ch no? Nu chc
nng ca b nh ROM BIOS trong my tnh IBM PCXT? Khi
khi ng my tnh th thanh ghi on m lnh (CS) v con
tr lnh (IP) c khi to gi tr bao nhiu vng nh
ROM BIOS s c quy chiu u tin?
15) Cu hi: Ti sao b nh RAM chnh ca my tnh thng s
dng vi mch nh DRAM? u, nhc im ca vi mch nh
DRAM so vi vi mch nh SRAM? Khi my vi tnh IBM PC s
dng loi vi mch nh l loi DRAM th CPU cn c thm
thao tc g bo ton d liu trong b nh RAM trong qu
trnh lm vic?
16) Cu hi: Trnh by v bn b nh trn my tnh IBM PC
XT ( ln, khng gian a ch, cc vng chnh ca bn
nh ...). 1KB vng nh c a ch thp nht v vng nh c
a ch cao nht trong bn nh c s dng vo mc
ch g?
17) Cu hi: Mt chu k truy cp c b nh ca vi x l 8086
gm my chu k ng h? Hy cho bit ngha ca tn hiu
ALE v chu k no n tch cc, khi CPU truy cp b nh? Tn
hiu no trong cc tn hiu sau tch cc: IOR, IOW, MEMR,
MEMW, khi CPU thc hin lnh:
MOV AL,[SI]
18) Cu hi: Mt chu k truy cp ghi b nh ca vi x l 8086
gm my chu k ng h? Tn hiu no trong cc tn hiu
sau tch cc: IOR, IOW, MEMR, MEMW, khi CPU thc hin

lnh ghi b nh? Tnh thi gian ca mt chu k ghi b nh,

nu bit tn s ng h ca CPU l 10MHz?
19) Cu hi: V bn b nh ca my tnh PC/XT dng vi x
l 8088? Nu chc nng, dung lng, vng a ch ca b
nh qui c (conventional memory)? Trong my tnh, pht
hin li c v ghi b nh, mi byte c b sung thm
thng tin g? Gi tr ca n c xc nh nh th no?
20) Cu hi: V bn b nh ca my tnh PC/XT dng vi x l 8088? Nu
chc nng, dung lng, vng a ch ca b nh hin th VDR (Video
Display RAM)? Xc nh a ch on v lch ca ngn nh trong b
nh hin th VDR tng ng vi k t gc di cng bn tri mn hnh,
nu mn hnh c thit lp ch vn bn, phn di 80 x 25?
21) Cu hi: V bn b nh ca my tnh PC/XT dng vi x
l 8088? Nu chc nng, dung lng, vng a ch ca b
nh ROM? Hy cho bit, vi mch ROM BIOS c dung lng
8KB, nm vng a ch no (t... n....)?
22) Cu hi: Tn hiu no trong cc tn hiu sau tch cc: IOR,
IOW, MEMR, MEMW, khi CPU thc hin lnh c m lnh?
Tnh thi gian ca mt chu k ghi b nh, nu bit tn s
ng h ca CPU l 10MHz? Nu chip nh RAM c thi gian
truy cp l 100ns, th CPU c cn chn thm trng thi ch
vo chu k ghi khng? Ti sao?
23) Cu hi: V bn b nh my tnh IBM PC/XT? Nu chc
nng ca cc vng nh? Sau khi ng, CPU thc hin lnh
u tin nm trong vng nh no? iu c lin quan g
vi gi tr ca thanh ghi on m lnh v con tr lnh?
24) Cu hi: S bit a ch v d liu ca Bus h thng trn
my tnh c lin quan g n dung lng v rng t nh
ca b nh trn my tnh? Mt chu k bus c hay ghi b
nh ca vi x l 8088 gm my chu k ng h? Tnh thi
gian m b vi x l truy cp ngn nh, nu tn s ca ng
h l 5MHz (gi s khng c chu k i khi truy cp)?
25) Cu hi: My tnh IBM PC XT c 20 bits a ch. Nu b nh
RAM (c a ch t 00000 9FFFF) s dng vi mch nh c
dung lng 4x8 kbits, th c bao nhiu vi mch nh c s
dng? Gii m a ch c t chc my cp? Nhng bit a
ch no c dng chn vi mch nh, nhng bit a ch
no c dng chn ngn nh trong vi mch nh?

26) Cu hi: M t cc lnh vo/ra cng ca b vi x l: tn

lnh, c php, chc nng? Dung lng ca khng gian vo
/ra khi s dng ch a ch trc tip? Tn hiu iu khin
no c s dng khi dng lnh c cng vo v ghi cng
ra?
27) Cu hi: Trnh by chc nng, cc thanh ghi bn trong v
cc ch lp trnh ca vi mch vo/ra song song 8255A?
Trong my tnh PC, vi mch 8255A nm trn Mainboard c
a ch chn chip l bao nhiu, c lp trnh ch no?
Chiu ca cc cng c thit lp nh th no? Vit li on
chng trnh khi to 8255A trong BIOS ca my tnh?
28) Cu hi: Trnh by chc nng, cc thanh ghi bn trong v
cc ch lm vic ca vi mch nh thi 8253? Trong my
tnh PC, vi mch 8253 c a ch bao nhiu? Cc b m ca
8253 c khi to nhng ch no? Vit li on m
chng trnh khi to cho 3 b m ca 8253?
29) Cu hi: Trnh by khi nim truyn d liu ni tip, giao
thc truyn ng b v khng ng b, ch thu/pht n
cng v song cng? Phn bit thit b truyn thng? M t
chun truyn thng ni tip RS-232 v: c kh, in v giao
thc truyn? Ti sao truyn khng ng b phi ng khung
d liu?
30) Cu hi: B vi x l truy cp (c/ghi) cc cng vo/ra nh
nhng lnh no? C php vit cc lnh ? S cng vo/ra
c th a ch ho c ti a l bao nhiu tng ng vi ch
a ch trc tip v gin tip? Tn hiu iu khin no
phn bit chiu truy cp ca CPU i vi cng vo/ra? Mc
tch cc ca chng?
31) Cu hi: Cc phng php phc v cc thit b ngoi vi
tiu chun ca my tnh IBM PC XT? u nhc im ca
chng? Trnh by v bng vector ngt: chc nng, v tr trong
b nh? Vec-t ngt (a ch on v lch) ca chng
trnh con phc v ngt INT 28h nm nhng ngn nh no
trong bng vec-t ngt?
32) Cu hi: nh ngha ngt v phn loi ngt? Vector ngt l
g, gm my byte? Ni dung ca n cha thng tn g? Trnh
by cch xc nh a ch on v lch ca chng trnh
con phc v ngt c s hiu ngt l INT 17h?

33) Cu hi: Th no l ngt cng v ngt mm? B vi x l

8086 c bao nhiu ngt? Cc ngt c nh s hiu nh
th no? Khi mt ngt c kch hot, CPU xc nh a ch
ca chng trnh con phc v ngt nh th no? Xc nh
a ch cc nh cha vec-t (a ch on v lch) ca
chng trnh con phc v ngt c s hiu INT 18h?
34) Cu hi: Chc nng ca ngn xp (Stack)? Cc lnh no
cho php ngi dng truy cp ngn xp? Khi no b vi x l
t ng truy cp ngn xp? Khi mt ngt c kch hot, b
vi x l ct vo ngn xp nhng thng tin g ca chng
trnh ang thc hin? Vic khi phc nhng thng tin
c thc hin khi no?
35) Cu hi: Nu nh ngha ngt, phn loi ngt, chng trnh
con phc v ngt v vec-t ngt? Ti sao ni vic xc nh
c s hiu ngt l v cng quan trng trong qu trnh my
tnh x l v phc v ngt?
36) Cu hi: M t chun truyn ni tip RS-232 v: c kh,
mc tn hiu in, giao thc truyn? Chun RS232 h tr
giao thc truyn no? Khung d liu l g, gm nhng bit g?
Hy v biu tn hiu trong khung d liu ca k t C
(m ASCII l 43h) vi tham s nh khung sau: di d liu
7 bit, kim tra bit bc chn, 2 bit dng?
37) Cu hi: nh ngha vo/ra song song v vo/ra ni tip?
Chng c s dng trong cc trng hp no? a ch ca
cc cng vo ra ni tip COM1-COM4 v vo ra song song
LPT1-LPT4 c lu u? Ti a ch no? a ch cng c
di bao nhiu bit? Hy vit lnh c cng c a ch
03FDh?
38) Cu hi: Th no l ch ho v ch vn bn trn
mn hnh? Trong ch vn bn, mi k t trn mn hnh
tng ng my byte trong b nh hin th (Video RAM)? Byte
thuc tnh trong Video RAM c ngha g? Xc nh byte
thuc tnh ca mt k t hin trn mn hnh c mu trng
trn nn ?
39) Cu hi: Nu mi quan h gia phn gii mn hnh, s
bits m ho mu v dung lng ca b nh Video RAM?
Chun bus AGP s dng lm g? Tnh thng lng (hay

di thng) ca bus AGP 1x nu bit rng bus l 32 bit, tn

s bus l 66MHz?
40) Cu hi: Di thng ca bus l g? n v o di thng?
Cng thc tnh di thng? Yu t no nh hng n di
thng ca bus? So snh di thng ca mt bus song song 8
bit v mt bus ni tip c cng tn s truyn?
41) Cu hi: Lp bng so snh bus ISA v bus PCI v cc c
tnh sau: rng d liu, rng a ch, tc bus (tn s
bus), kch thc ca bus, kh nng chng nhiu xuyn m,
kiu kch pht ca tn hiu ngt, h tr chia s ngt, kh
nng cu hnh t ng plug-n-play, ph thuc vo b vi
x l? Tnh di thng ca hai bus ISA v PCI s dng cc gi
tr rng d liu v tn s trn?
42) Cu hi: Trnh by v giao din USB: chc nng, kiu
truyn d liu (ni tip, song song), tc truyn, t chc
ghp ni (t-p) ch-t? Hy cho bit s lng thit b USB
ni vi ch USB? Cp truyn USB: cu to, di, k thut
chng nhiu ng truyn?
43) Cu hi: Trong my tnh hin nay, bus h thng (ni CPUb nh) v bus vo/ra (ni CPU-ngoi vi) c lm vic cng
mt tn s khng? Ti sao? Thit b no trn h thng Bus
ca my tnh m bo cho cc b phn trn lm vic cc
tn s khc nhau?
44) Cu hi: Th no l bus h thng trong my tnh? Bus h
thng gm nhng bus con no? Chc nng ca tng bus con
? rng ca bus a ch, bus d liu xc nh kh nng
g ca my tnh? Di thng ca bus ph thuc vo nhng
yu t g? Ti sao?
45) Cu hi: Phng php phc v ngoi vi bng ngt c u
im g so vi phng php phc v ngoi vi bng phng
php hi vng? Qui trnh thc hin ca b vi x l khi c mt
ngt c kch hot? ngha ca bit c ngt IF (Interrupt
Flag) i vi ngt cng? Lnh phn mm che (cm) v
khng che (cho php) ngt?
46) Cu hi: Di thng ca Bus l g? n v o di thng? Cc
bin php tng di thng ca Bus my tnh? Cc loi Bus
ISA, MCA, EISA, PCI, AGP c pht trin theo tiu ch no?
Cc loi Bus va k trn Bus no c h tr Plug and Play?

47) Cu hi: Thit b c gi l Cu ni bridge trn cc

my tnh hin nay dng thc hin chc nng g? C my
loi cu v mi loi dng kt ni gia b phn no vi
nhau?
48) Cu hi: S lng ngoi vi ti a m my tnh c th qun
l c bng cng COM l bao nhiu? Cng LPT l bao
nhiu? kim tra s c mt ca cc cng , ngi ta
dng phng php no? Cng USB l bao nhiu? Gii thch
l do ti sao giao din qua cng USB li cho php qun l s
ngoi vi n 127 thit b?
49) Cu hi: Th no l byte thuc tnh trong b nh Video
RAM. Cho bit card mn hnh ca my tnh ang ch
02: vn bn, phn gii 80 ct x 25 dng, a ch b nh
Video bt u t B8000h. Xc nh a ch logic ca byte k
t v byte thuc tnh ng vi v tr dng 12 ct 20 trn mn
hnh.
BI TP
1) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng
l .COM s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=0 t ch mn
hnh l 02h. Sau , s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=13h
hin th ln mn hnh my tnh dng ch: HOC VIEN
KTQS c thuc tnh l nn ch vng (4Eh) bt u ti
v tr ct 15, dng 20.
2) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng
l .COM s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=0 thit lp ch mn
hnh 03.Sau , s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=13h hin th
ln mn hnh bt u ti v tr ct 30, dng 12, chui k t
CAU TRUC MAY TINH c thuc tnh ch mu , nn mu
vng (1110_0100b).
3) Bi tp: Vit chng trnh hp ng s dng ngt INT
14h/AH=00 thit lp tham s truyn ca cng COM1:
tc truyn 4800 baud, di d liu 7 bit, 1 bit dng (1
stop bit), kim tra li bng bit bc chn (Even Parity). Sau
, kim tra thanh ghi m pht rng (bit D5=1 ca t
trng thi cng COM) th s dng ngt INT 14h/AH=01
gi chui k t Hello! ra cng COM1.

4) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m

rng l .COM thit lp mn hnh ch ha 13h, sau
v trn mn hnh mt ng dc bt u t to ct
62 hng 60 (62,60) n to ct 62 hng 30 (62,30).
5) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng
l .COM s dng ngt INT 21h/AH=9 hin th thng bo:
Nhan phim:. Sau , dng ngt INT16h/AH=00 c
k t t bn phm v hin k t ra mn hnh bng ngt
INT 10h/AH=0Eh. Qu trnh c lp lin tc cho n khi bn
n phm ESC c m ASCII l 1Bh chng trnh s kt thc.
6) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng
l .COM s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=0 thit lp mn hnh
ch 0, sau s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=09 hin th ln
mn hnh bt u ti v tr c to l ct 20 , hng 12 ln
lt 6 k t c m ASCII nh sau: 31h, 32h, 33h, 34h, 35h,
36h, vi thuc tnh ch trng trn nn ?
7) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m
rng l .COM thit lp tham s truyn cho vi mch UART
8250 trn my tnh c a ch gii m l 3f8h nh sau: 7
bit data, 1 bits stop, kim tra l, tc truyn l 14.400
bps, vi tn s clock l 1,843MHz. (C th dng ngt INT
14h/AH=0 thit lp tham s truyn ca cng COM1)
8) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng
l .COM s dng ngt INT 16h/AH=0 c k t t bn
phm. Nu c phm c n th hin th thng bo "Phim
duoc an la:" v k t. Sau li quay li c bn phm.
Chng trnh kt thc khi n phm ESC (m ASCII l 1Bh).
9) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng
l .COM s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=0 thit lp ch
mn hnh 06 (ch mn hnh ho, phn gii
640x200, 2 mu). Sau , s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=0Ch
v mt ng cho mu trng t im nh c to
(60,60) n to (40,40).
10)Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m
rng l .COM s dng ngt INT 16h/AH=0 lin tc c d
liu t bn phm. Nu k t c nhn l b th bt loa
bng cch t 2 bit D1, D0 ca cng ra vi a ch 61h u
bng 1. Sau , quay li c d liu bn phm. Nu c

phm bt k c nhn (khng phi phm b) th loa tt

bng cch xa 2 bit D1, D0 ca cng 61h. Ri quay li c
bn phm.
11)Bi tp: Vit chng trnh hp ng s dng ngt INT
14h/AH=00 thit lp tham s truyn ca cng COM1:
tc 4800 baud, di d liu 7 bit, 1 bit dng (1 stop
bit), kim tra li bng bit bc chn (Even Parity). Sau ,
kim tra c d liu nhn (bit D0=1 ca t trng thi cng
COM) th s dng ngt INT 14h/AH=02 nhn k t t
cng COM1, ri ct vo b nh bt u t a ch DS:200h.
Nu nhn c k t Esc (m ASCII l 1Bh) th kt thc
chng trnh.
12)Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng s dng ngt INT 14h/AH=1
khi to cng my in LPT1. Sau kim tra trng thi
cng my in. Nu trng thi my in sn sng (bit D7=1
trng thi cng my in), th s dng ngt INT 14h/AH=0
in ra chui k t I print a message. Sau thot ra.