3-1. A concrete cylinder having a diameter of 6,00 in. and gauge length of 12 in. is tested in compression. The results of the test are reported in the table as load versus contraction, Draw the stress-strain diagram using scales of 1 a. 0.5 ksi and 1 in 02n0°72inJin, From the diagram, determine approximately the modulus of elasticity. ‘Load (kip) * “| Contracign (ih) v0" 0 50-4 0.0006 95.5 0.0013 ‘es | 0:0020. #205 0.0026 255 0.0034 30.0, * 0.0040, 34: 0.0045 385 0.0050 465 0.0062 500 0.0070 0.0075 Stress and Strain : . o gaz te Ealing o ° 077 2.00005 0336 0.00010 0384 0.000167 ons 0.000217 O02 .000283, 1061 0.000333, 1.220 0.000375 1362 0.000417 Leas 0.000517 1768 0.000883, 1874 .000625, Modulus of Elasticity: From te sues sain diagram 131-0 53.0 ToooTG 227510") ksi ng €Gnfn)3-2, Data taken from a stress-straia test for a ceramic is siven in the table, The curve is linear between the origin and the first point, Plot the diagram, and determine the modulus of elasticity and the modulus of resilience Modulus of Elasticity : From the stess~ sain diagram 332-0 : Be eee S53(10") tt ‘Ans ‘Modulus of Resilience : The moduh to the area under the linear portion of {shown shaded) hs of resilience is equal 7 the suess— stain diagram, + =}009 (10) (2% (aome i a ‘acces vem obeis ova oloaiy 3-3. Data taken from a stress-strain test for a ceramic ig eiven in the table. The curve is linear between the origin and the first point. Plot the diagram, and determine approximately the modulus of toughness. The rupture stress iso, = 53.4 ksi, _Temotur of wupnesis qa Modes of Toughness: Tet woe arabe nts gam (how ae) (Wgpan #403.(10°)(& Joon -0.0010(2) asw)(SJoon(t) +4e790)(10") (3 rooo1a (2) +4c22(10')()o0o0n (2) Ans3-4, Data taken from a stress-strain test are given in the table. The curve is linear between the origin and the first point. Plot the diagram, and determine the modulus of elasticity and the modulus of resilience. € (inJin.) 0 0.0016 0.0018 0.0030 0.0050 Modulus of Elasticity : From the seess~ stain diagram 320-0 Samay *200( 10) ks Ans Modulus of Resilience : The modslus of to the area under the linear pomion of the 3 (shown shaded) 3 resilience is equal ess ~ sain diagram 4. 31520(10) (2 Joos 2345. A tension test was performed on a specimen having an original diameter of 12.5 mm and a gauge length of 50 mm. The data is listed in the table, Plot the stress-strain diagram, and determine approximately the modulus of ‘elasticity, the ultimate stress, and the fracture stress. Use @ scale of 20 mm=50 MPa and 20 mm =0.05 mm/mm. Redraw the linear-elastic region, using the same stress scale but a strain scale of 20 mm = 0.001 mm/mm. Stress and Strain: 2 aL =F (Mea) ¢= 7 (amin) ° ° 90.45 0.00035 259.9 0.00120 308.0 0.00208 333.3 0.00330 3553 0.00498 435.1 0.02032 $07.7 0.06096 525.6 0.12700 $077 0.17780 279.1 0.23876 Modulus of Elasticity : From te suess strain diagram 228.75(104-0 BRISUH-0 _ 2290Pa ns ‘001-0 — | Drypree™ Ultimate and Fracture Stress : From te suess—stain diagram (apps (open = 419 MPA 003 2001 €Gnmmm ) 53-6. A tension test was performed on a steel specimen having an original diameter of 12.5 mm and gauge length of $0 mim. Using the data listed in the table, plot the stress-strain diagram, and determine approximately the modulus of toughness, Use a scale of 20 mm = SO MPa and 20 mm = 0.05 mm/mm. Stress and Strain: (mPa) 22 (amin) ° ° 90s .00nss 2899 0.00120 308.0 0.00204 m3 0.00330 355.3 conse 51 0.02032 077 0.08056 525.6 0.12700 $07.7 0.17780 OM ha.) a9 onsers (59 Modulus of Toughness: Toe modsls of woghnes i TRIN equal the wal ae ude the sess stan diagram and ‘ean be approximated by counting the number of squares. 500 T a “The wal numberof squares 187 ? 4 (Waggon ™ v9125)( 04) (S)fooas 2 17 Miimans 4 | ‘foo. f mt | 350 | 300 a 1 250 ; | 200: ; 10: 1 seo { - t Ly e¢mm|mn) ° os Ov 01S = 020 ons‘The stress-strain diagram for a steel alloy having an al diameter of 0.5 in, and a gauge length of 2in. is given in the figure. If the specimen is loaded until it is stressed to 70 ksi, determine the approximate amount of elastic recovery and the permanent increase in the gauge length after it is unloaded, eo evusvous Modulus of Elasticity : From te suess~ stain diagram, = 40ksi when € = 0.001 in fin. a8] 6 35] i 40-0 = Og 0.0(10") ti E Elastic Recovery: 2,70 Etasuc recovery = 2 = <= 0.00175 ini. i E* Woo} Thus, “The ammount of Elastic Recovery = 0.00175(2) = 0.00350 in ‘Ans Permanent Set 0.07825 in. in Permanent se Ths Permanent elongation = 0,07825(2) =0.1563in, Ans “3-8. The stress-strain diagram for a steel alloy having an original diameter of 0.5 in. and a gauge length of 2 in. is given in the figure. Determiste approximately the modulus of elasticity for the material, the load on the specimen that causes yielding, and the ultimate load the specimen will support. 3 Modulus of Elasticity : From the stess~ stain diagram, (= 40 ksi when £ = 0.001 infin. Beesssue 40-0 "= D00I-0 = 40.0( 10") bs Ans Yield Load : From the stress-strain diagram. 0, a = era =a00f(5)(0s*) ]=785 kip Ans Utiimate Load : From the suess—siaindigram, 9, = 7625 ksi {Sje] SOkip Ans3-9, The stress-strain diagram for a steel alloy having an original diameter of 0.5 in. and a gauge length of 2 in. is given in the figure. Determine approximately the modulus of resilience and the modulus of toughness for the material Modulus of Resilience : The modulus of resilience is equal to the area under the linear portion ofthe surest — strain digram. ) Modulus of Toughness : The modulus of wughness is equal to the woul area under the stess~ stain diagram and can be approximated by counung the number of squares. ‘The total numberof squaes is 45, 1 wrayer }00(109) (Boon )=200%% ang, udagns=4(1022)(904% xno BEE ane 3-10. The stress-strain diagram for a bar of steel alloy is ‘shown in the figure. Determine approximately the modulus of elasticity, the proportional limit, the ultimate stress, and the ‘modulus of resilience. Ifthe bar is loaded until it is stressed to 360 MPa, determine the elastic strain recovery and the permanent set or strain in the bar when it is unloaded. Modulus of Elasticity : ‘when € = 00015 mm/min. rom the suess strain diagram, BEREBE o5e spss = OUO=8 8 173.33GPa=173GPA Ans ares = “CoDIs=0 Proportional Limit andUsimate Stress: From te stress ~ sen dagam Ans Ans. Modulus of Resilience ‘under the linear portion of the stress ~ stain diagram. Jaa (s0)(Z Jooots 2) = 195 kim? Ans Elastic Recovery : 2360108) lasic recovery =F ~ 773.33(109) = 0,002077 m/s = 0.00208 mm/mam Ans Permanent Set: From the suess sin dingram, the stain 0.075 ma/mm when the bari stressed 360 MPa. Permanent set = 0,075 ~0,002077 =0.0729 mm/mm Ans3-11. An A-36 steel bar has a length of 50 in, and cross- sectional area of 0.7 in’. Determine the length of the bar if it is subjected to an axial tension of 5000 Ib. The material has lincarlastic behavior Normal Stress + eS 143 ksi < oy = 36.0 ksi a 3 oF lence Hooke’ law is st valid Normal Strain: Thus BL = € Ly =0.2463( 10") (50) = 0.01231 in 2+ 8L =$0.0123 in, Ans *3-12, The stress-strain diagram for polyethylene, which is used to sheath coaxial cables, is determined from testing a specimen that has a gauge length of 10 in. Ifa load P on the specimen develops a strain of € = 0,024 in/in.,determine the approximate length of the specimen, measured between the gauge points, when the load is removed. Assume the specimen recovers elastically Modulus of Elasticity : From the stress ~ stain diagram, esi when e = 0.004 i, in, 2-0 008-3 = 0:500( 10°) ksi Elastic Recovery : From te scess~ stan diagram, ksi when € = 0.028 infin o_ 370 E* d5000107 Elastic recovery 100740 inn Permanent Set Permanent 0.024 ~ 0.00740 = 0.0166 in. sin Thus, 166 in, Lg + permanent elongation 104 0.166 = 10.17 in, Ans T I I I Tat ale eat Gay oe Ta 6am3-13. The change in weight of an airplane is determined from reading the strain gauge A mounted in the plane’s aluminum wheel strut, Before the plane is loaded, the strain- gauge reading in a strut is « = 0.00100 in./in., whereas after loading « = 0,00243in.n. Determine the change in the force on the strut if the cross-sectional area of the strut is 3.5 in? Eq = 10(10°) Stress - Strain Relationship : Applying Hooke's law o = Ee = 10( 10") (0.00100) = 100 ksi = 10( 10°) (0.00243) = 24.3 ksi > Normal Force: Aopying eqsaion o= A = 100(3.58) =35.0kip = 243(3.5) = 85.05 kip ap. A =85.05-350=500kip Ans 3-14. By adding plasticizers to polyvinyl chloride, it is possible to reduce its stiffness. The stress-strain diagrams for three types of this material showing this effect are given below. ‘Specify the type that should be used in the manufacture of a rod having a length of 5 in. and a diameter of 2 in., that is required to support at least an axial load of 20 kip and also be able to stretch at most 3 in. oom Normal Stress: P_ 20 Cl Normal Strain 02s 6 = = 00500. tin From te stess~ stain diagram, the copolymer will satisfy both stress and strain requirements AnsModulus of Elasticity : ots Fees appa 22510") ksi ang (216A specimen is originally 1 ft long, has a diameter of 05 in. and is Pe 5 Normal Suess and Sirsin : Aspjng o= ? an ex + 009 1s = 200? 0.000750 inn, ae = - 0007s Modulus of Elasticity + Ao | 9.167~2:546 e482, = Y) ksi ae “Coagrsa =843( 10) Ans uubjected to a force of 500 Ib. When the force3-17. A structural member in a nuclear reactor is made of a zirconium alloy. If an axial load of 4 kip is to be supported by the member, determine its required cross-sectional area Use a factor of safety of 3 relative to yielding. What is the load on the member if it is 3 ft long and its elongation is 0.02 in.? E,, = 14(10°) ksi, oy = 57.5 ksi. The material has elastic behavior. Allowable Normal Siress : 4 Se ' Caiow $ os z 19.17 es Blesls 2087 in = 0,209 int Ans Stress -Strain Relationship : Applying Hooke's tw with 5 _ 00 6 Om 5000885. E> Fay * 0.000555 9 = Be = 14 (10°) (0.000555) = 7.778 si Normal Force : Applying equation ¢ :A = 7.778 (0.2087)3-18. The steel wires AB and AC support the 200-kg mass Ifthe allowable axial stress for the wires is Cxiyy = 130 MPa, determine the required diameter of each wire. Also, what is the new length of wire AB after the load is applied? Take the unstretched length of AB to be 750mm. E, = 200 GPa, Axial Force : The axial forces exered by wires AB and AC are shown on FBD. Allowable Normal Stress : For wire AB 1280.10 = 0( 10) = 0.003541 m= 3.54 mm Ans diye = 0.003232 m= 3.23 mm Ans Stress ~Strain Relationship : Applying Hooke's law 2, 130(10) PCO «0.000650 rime 20010") Lan = Chaado tan (Lande = 750-+ 750(0.000650) = 750.49 mm Ans A ee 2008 B1)=196203-19. The bar DBA is rigid and is originally held in the horizontal position. When the weight W is supported from D, it causes the end D to displace downward 0.025 in. Determine the strain in wires CD and BE. Also, if the wires are made of A-36 steel and have a cross-sectional area of 0.002 in?, determine the weight W. Normal Stress and Strain : For wire BE & 30m) "= 0,0004167in.fin, = 0.000417 infin, Ans. Applying Hooke's aw Beye =29( 10°) (0.0004167) = 12.085 ksi Thus, Fau= Onehne ‘= 12:083(0.002) = 0.02417 kip = 24.17 Equations of Equilibrium : From FBD (a) Crem Feo(5)-2411(3)=0 Fey = 14.5010 From FBD() TER 20, W-14S0=0 W=14Sb Ans Normal Stress and Strain : For wire CD ‘Applying Hooke's law oo 725 tcp = 222 = = 0.000250 infin. Ans cog” BIOD ae ah *3-20. The stress-strain diagram for many metal alloys can be described analytically using the Ramberg-Osgood three parameter equation e = o/E + ko”, where E, k, and n are determined from measurements taken from the diagram. Using the stress-strain diagram shown in the figure, take E = 30(10°) ksi and determine the other two parameters k and n, and thereby obtain an analytical expression for the curve. Stress ~Strain Relationship : From the swess~ stain diagram, when @= 408i, €=0.1(107) in-fin.and o= 60s, € = 0.3( 10") ini Substiuing the above data ito the Ramberg ~ Osgood equation, we have 2 01(107) = 0 sacar) =0.0012833 = &(40") ay 3). 60 02( 10°) = 5a 0.001700 = &(60") +K(60") (2) uous Solving Eq, and (2) yields 791 66.5 (10°)S724. Direct tension indicators are sometimes used instead ef toraue wrenches to insure that a bolt has a preserbea tition when used for connections. If a nut on the belt bol create bead of 1.5 mmm?, determine the tension in the bolt stank. The material has th stress-strain diagram shone Stress ~Strain Relatioship : From the sts stain diagram with 2 = 0.1 mm/mm > 0.0015 mm/mm O1=Oo01s * 63-9005 = 499.497 MPa Axial Force : For each head P = oA 499.6971( 108) (159( 10") = 74928 Thus the tension inthe bok is T 26 P =6(769.24)@449SN=450KN Ans 3-22. The two bars are made of polystyrene, which has the ‘suess-strain diagram shown. If the cross-sectional area of bar AB is 1.5 in? and BC is 4 in’, determine the largest force P that can be supported before any member ruptures. Assume that buckling does not occur. 3 +TER =o, sha -P=0; Ry = 1.6667P a TEE =0; (1.6667P) = 0; Re = 1333 P (2) if Assuming failure of bar BC : 4 From the stress - strain diagram (og), = 5 ksi Ig oat, Aac From Eq.(2], P = 15.0 kip Assuming failure of bar AB : From stress - strain diagram (0g), = 25.0 ksi K &, 48; 250= AB, Ls From Eq.(1], P = 22.5 kip Choose the smallest value P = 15.0 kip Ans3-23. The two bars are made of polystyrene, which has the stress-strain diagram shown. Determine the cross-sectional area of each bar so that the bars rupture simultaneously when the load P = 3 kip. Assume that buckling does not occur, +TEE = 3 5 Fa - 3 = 0, = Skip -£ 4. e+ S)= 0; Aye = 4 kip _ Akip e Sexi = OS in’ Ans : ski Aaa = Foey = 0.2 in? Ans "3-24, The plastic rod is made of Kevlar 49 and has a diameter of 10 mm. If an axial load of 80 KN is applied to it, determine the change in its length and the change in diameter. Normal Stress : .0186 GPa Foor) a 1.0186(10") - Sea 2 1.7085( 10) maven aca 7 77755( 10") ms Tras, BL #6 L=7.7785( 10) (100) = 0778 mm Ans Poisson's Ratio : The lateral and longitudinal stain canbe relied using Poisson's rau. ia = “Mliggg = 038(7.7255) (107) = -2.64367(10) mime Bd = td =-26436( 10") (10) =-00264 mm Ans ow oe3-2! The support consists of three rigid plates, which are connected together using two symmetrically placed rubber pads. If a vertical force of SO N is applied to plate A, determine the approximate vertical displacement of this plate due to shear strains in the rubber. Each pad has cross- sectional dimensions of 30 mm and 20 mm. G, = 0.20 MPa. re 5 = 400.2083) = 833mm 326A short yin Hock of bronze C8510, having as original diameter of 13a. anda length of Sin, bps ia a compression machine and sqleesed ust ie pe becomes 298 in Determine te net dace eat Normal Strain: Poisson's Ratio : The eral and longitudinal canbe related using poisson's ratio. Ea. # —VEigg =0-34(~0,006667) = 0.002267 in in, Thus, 84 = ead =0.002267( 1.5) = 0.00340'in = dy + 5d = 1.5+0,00340 = 1.5034 in Ans E , 41666.67 = 4166.67 (0,030.02) Pa G * 02005 ~ ae Ans3-27. A short cylindrical block of 6061-16 aluminum, having an origins! diameter of 20 mm and a length of 75 mm, is placed in a compression machine and squeezed until the axial load applied is 5 KN. Determine (a) the decrease in its length and (b) its new diameter. a) Normal Stress P5000) oh POO 2 -isoisara Fo Romy 715915 Normal Strain: Applying Hooke's law @ | -15.915(10") = ET? =-0.2510(10°) mem Thus, bL= 0.2310(107) (75) =-0.0173 mm Ans ) Poisson's Ratio : The lateral and longitudinal sain can be related sing Pousson's ato, =0.35(-0.2310)( 10") = 80.48( 10°) mm/mm = #0,848( 10") (20) = 0.001617 mm d= d+ 8d = 20+0,001617 = 20.00162 mm Ans 3-28, The elastic portion of the stress-strain diagram for a steel alloy is shown in the figure. The specimen from which it was obtained had an original diameter of 13 mm and a gauge length of 50 mm, When the applied load on the specimen is 50 KN, the diameter is 12.9265 mm. Determine Poisson's ratio for the material. Normal Stress: soe) (001) Pp oF = 376.10 Mpa. a tp Normal Strain : From the swizess~ stain diagram, Uve modulus of elaseiy = OU) = 200 GPs, Applying Hooke's law 1 376.70(10%) = Bo gy 2 E8895(107) mma dad, _ 12.99265-13 & ry =0:36538( 10) mm/mm Poisson's Ratio : The lateral and longitudinal suai canbe related sing Poisson's rao. Ans3-29. |The block is made of titanium Ti-6A1-4V and is Subjected to a compression of 0.06 in. along the y axis, and its shape is given a tilt of 0 = 89.7°, Determine eG and y,, Normal Strain: 096 ce $8 goisointin Ane Z Poisson's Ratio : The laeral and longitudinal strain can be related ‘sung Poisson's rau, €, = ve, = -0.36(-0.0150) (0.00540 in fin, Ans B= 180° -89.7° = 903° = 1.576032 rad $= f= $~1.576032 = -0.00824 rad Ans 3-30. The elastic portion of the stress-strain diagram for a steel alloy is shown in the figure, The specimen from which it was obtained had an original diameter of 13 mm and a gauge length of 50 mm, If a load of P = 20 kN is applied to the specimen, determine its diameter and gauge length. Take 0.4. i Normal Stress Thos, BL = Exguy lo * 0.7534( 10") (50) = 0.03767 mm Lez by +L = 504003767 = 500377 mm Ans Poisson's Ratio : The lateral and longitudinal can be related using poisson’s ratio. ~0,4(0.7534) (10°) 2 -0:3014(10") mm/mm Bd = eyed = -0.3014( 10") (13) = 0.003918 mm. d= dy + 6d = 13+ (0.003918) = 1299608 mm Ans3-31. The shear stress-strain diagram for a stee! alloy is shown in the figure. Ifa bolt having a diameter of 0.25 in is made of this material and used in the lap joint, determine the modulus of elasticity E and the force P required to cause the material to yield. Take v = 03. Modulus of Rigidity : From the stess~ stain diagram, gr 2510 dst Modulus of Elasticity : E 800) = as) E = 325(10) ksi Ans Yielding Shear The bolis subjected wo a yielding shea of From the sess ~strain diagram, ty = SO ksi Ans *3-32. A shear spring is made from two blocks of rubber, each having a height h, width b, and thickness a. The blocks are bonded to three plates as shown. If the plates are rigid and the shear modulus of the rubber is G, determine the displacement of plate A if a vertical load P is applied to this plate. Assume that the displacement is small so that 6 =atan y= ay. Average Shear Stress : The rubber block is subjected wo a P shear force of V 2 ce a P bho 2b + Aaplying Hooke's law for shear ‘Thus, “Te =3-33, (A shear spring is made by bonding the rubber punulus to a rigid fixed ring and a plug. When an axial load Ps placed on the plug, show that the slope at point in the rubber is dy/dr = tan y = ~tan(P/(QrhGr)), For small aneles Wwe can write dy/dr = ~P/QzrhGr). Integrate this Cobrfesion and evaluate the constant of integration using the Spnuition that y = 0 at = r,. From the result compute the deflection y = 6 of the plug ‘Shear Stress ~Strain Relationship : Applying Hooke's law with 3M. The bead H is connected to the cylinder of a Compressor using six steel bolts. Ifthe clamping force in each bolt is 800 Ib, determine the normal strain in the bolts, Each bolt has a diameter of 2 in. If oy= 40 ksi and Fx = 29(10”) ksi, what isthe strain in each bolt when the nut 's unscrewed so that the clamping force is released? Normal Stress P__ 80 B) = 28.97 bi < oy = 40Ks: Normal Strain: Sine 0 < Gy, Hooke's aw is sil valid 2897 © Be seria ~ 0.000999 inn, Ans é snus unscrewed, th loads 2, Therlore. he sane = 0 Ans Atren, Ans3-38. The stone has a mass of 800 kg and center of gravity at G, It rests on a pad at A and a roller at B. The pad is fixed to the ground and has a compressed height of 30 mm, a width of 140 mm, and a length of 150 mm. If the coefficient of static friction between the pad and the stone is 1, = 0.8, determine the approximate horizontal displacement of the stone, caused by the shear strains in the pad, before the stone begins to slip. Assume the normal force at A acts 1.5 m from G as shown. The pad is made from a material having E = 4 MPa and v = 0.35. 038) 7401 at : loan Equations of Equilibrium : Taan Teen G24 =; A(275)~7888125)-703)=0 (1) A fs A “tE=0, PHF =0 a Now : The nowmal force at Adoes not actexscy at A Ithat 0 b veszetad shit due fin, ots, Friction Equation “Sabe9n Ean fe Modutus of Rigidity + ‘Solving Eqs.[t),(2] and [3] yields: o- fF _. 201+) “27s 035y = M481 MPa A =300837N Fa PH 312669N Average Shear Stress : The pads subjected to a shear force ‘Shear Strain : Applying Hooke's law for shear of V= P= 312669 F _ 148.89(10°) 0.100: v_ 312669 Tabi Toy 01005 at (0.14\(0. Tay 7 48-89 kPa ‘Thus, =hy=30(0.1005) =3.02 mm Ang 3.36. The rigid pipe is supported by a pin at C and an A-36 steel guy wire AB. If the wire has a diameter of 0.2 in, determine how much it stretches when a load of P = 300 Ib acts on the pipe. The material remains elastic. Equation of Equilibrium : ((+2Me=0; fiysin30°(8)~300(8) =0 Fan = 60010 Normal Stress and Strain 30018 600 Fes 790i ie Bt Sus __ 1910 “ ay RIE 06586, 10") iain ou Thus Flas = eaalan q yf 812 0.6586( 107 (00) [55] = 0.0730 in Ans3-37. The rigid pipe is supported by a pin at C and an A.36 guy wire AB. If the wire has a diameter of 02 in, determine the load P if the end B is displaced 0.10 in. to the right. E, = 29(10?) ks jeomeiry sina= 22 gn 0.05968" 36 = 90" +0.05968" = 0.05968" AC= 961an 30" = 35.4286 in %6 = 25s nossisin a cos 30° oe IGE SS RISE NSO) SS ATSEV Es WO, OSB 10.9012 in Normal Stress and Strain : ABr-AB fa aR 10 9012~ 1108513, oasis = 0.4510( 107) infin off Applying Hooke's law Farhoo5 hs Og = Eéqy =290( 10°) 04510( 10") = 13.08 ts say = 13.08( 10") [Fo2)]= 410.85 ib Equation of Equilibrium : (+2Me=0; s1085sin30°(8)~P(8) =0 P=205 1b Ans 3-38. The 8:mm-diameter bolt is made of an aluminum aloy. It fits through a magnesium sleeve that has an inner diameter of 12 mm and an outer diameter of 20 mm. If the original lengths of the bolt and sleeve are 80 mm and 0 mm, respectively, determine the strains in the sleeve and the bolt if the nut on the bolt is tightened so that the tension in the bolt is 8KN, Assume the material at is rigid. Ey = 70 GPa, Eng = 45 GPa, Normal Stress : 8(10") (0.0085) % 80) Foor 001) a a Normal Strain : Applying Hooke’ Law 159.15(104) OE 007 39.79(108) B20 - y00nké4 mm/nm Ane 45(10°)3-39. A tension test was performed on a steel specime: having an original diameter of 0.503 in. and gauge length of 2.00 in. The data is listed in the table below. Plot the stress-strain diagram and determine approximately the ‘modulus of elasticity, the yield stress, the ultimate stress, and the rupture stress. Use a scale of 1 in, 20 ksi and 1 in, = 0.05 in/in. Redraw the elastic region, using the same stress scale but a strain scale of 1 in. = 0.001 inv. Stress and Strain: Pe BL ain ont a) e=F tnliny ° ° 185 ‘.0002s 2.8 00075 1026 0.00123 5536 0.00175 3938 00250 39.38 00400 039 201000 34 2.02000 10065 05000 40820 0.14000 98.13 0.20000 5310 0.23000 (esi eee: ) 0.002 ovo ‘Modulus of Elasticity : From the sess ~sesin diagram 480-0 Banos SopTeg 7220( 10") ksi Ans Yield, Ultimate and Fracture Strets: From the stess~ sin diagram (Deepen = 554 ksi Ans on 10 Ksi Ans 3 hs Ans Ecnjin-y os ote obs Ecinjiny 0003 000g ons*3-40, ‘The stress-strain diagram for a polyester resin is given in the figure. Ifthe rigid beam is supported by a link ‘AB and post CD, both made of this material, and subjected to a load of P = 80 KN, determine the angle of tilt of the beam when the load is applied. The diameter of the link is 40 mm and the diameter of the post is 80 mm. Support Reactions : As shown on FBD. Normal Stress =31.83 MPa< 322 MPa = 7.988 MPa< 32.2 MPa aa oa oar eat Normal Strain 222000) rom the suess- sain diagram, 22.GPa. Applying Hooke's low ‘ 2B) 0.909885 meni ae” 32) eg 2 30 = 195810") co * 2 = LI = 0.002471 mi Thus, Bk = Eqn yy = 0.009885(2000) = 19.771 eam Bkco = Ceol * 0.00247 (500) = 1.236 mm Angle of tilt : 18.536 1500 a 0708 Ans3-41 The stress-strain diagram for a polyester resin is given in the figure. If the rigid beam is supported by a link ‘AB and post CD made of this material, determine the largest load P that can be applied to the beam before either AB ot CD fractures. The diameter of the link is 12 mm and the diameter of the post is 40 mm. Fracture Stress : Fracture of strut AB (ase 50( 10) P=1L3KN (Controle?) Ans Fracture of post CD (Deo™ 95(10°) = sakes P=2388kN