Index Abel's theorem, 349 “Absolutely convergent series, 310 ‘Absolute value, 118 ‘Accumulation point, 138 Algebraic numbers, 93, ‘Alternating serie, 315 Antecedent, 4 ‘Archimedean property, 127 Associative law, 11, 114 Axiom of choice, 99 Banach~Tarski paradox, 101 Bernoulli's inequality, 111, 251 ‘Bessel Function, 352 Biconditional, 6 Bijective function, 65 Binomial theorem, 112 Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem, 147, 156 Boundary point, 135, 155 Bounded funetion, 215, Bounded sequence, 167 Bounded set, 124, 156 Cantor, Georg, 89 Cantor set, 150 Cardinal number, 83 Cartesian product, $3, Cauchy condensation test, 318 Cauchy convergence criterion, 182 for series, 304 for uniform convergence, 330 Cauchy mean value theorem, 259 ‘Cauchy-Sehwarz inequality, 292 ‘Cauchy sequence, 182 Chain rule, 243, ‘Change of variable theorem, 299 ‘Characteristic function, 65 Closed ball, 160 Closed set, 137, 155 Closure ofa set, 138, 156 Codomain, 63 Cohen, Paul, 91 ‘Commutative law, 11, 114 ‘Compact set, 144, 156 ‘Comparison test for series, 309 ‘Complement, 42 ‘Completeness axiom, 126 ‘Composition of functions, 71 Conclusion, 22 Conditionally convergent series, 310 3853860 Index Conditional statement, 4 Buclidean meri, 152 Conjunetion, 3 Euelie's division algorithm, 133, Connected set, 221, 235 ven funetion, 248 Consoquent, 4 Existential quatitier, 12 Continuous function, 205, 230 Existential statement, 29 Continuous nowhere differentiable Extended mean value theorem for function, 340 integrals, 292 Continuum hypothesis, 91 Extension ofa fanetion, 25 Contractive sequence, 186 Contradiction, 25,30 Field, 114 ‘Contrapasitive, 23 Field of rational functions, 17,121, ‘Convergent integral, 26 134, 151 ‘Convergent sequence, 163, 229 Finite set, 83 Convergent series, 302 Fixed point, 20 Converse, 24 Fraenkel, Abraham, 96 Countable set, 84 Function, 63 Counterexample, 20 Hessel, 352 Cross product, 53 bijootve, 65 bounded, 215 Decreasing function, 256 characteristic, 63 Decreasing sequence, 179 continuous, 205, 230 Deduetive reasoning, 21 nowhere differential, 340 Deleted neighborhood, 135, 156 decreasing, 256 Dense set, 160 differentiable, 237 Density of rationals, 130 Dirichlet, 208, 285 Denumerable set, $4 even, 248 Derivative, 297 extension of, 225, Differentiable fanetion, 237 identi, 74 increasing, 256 indicator, 65 Disjoin sets, 42 injective, 63 Disjunction, 4 integrable, 277 Distributive lay, 11, 114 inverse, 73, 81 Divergent integral, 296 limit of, 197 Divergent sequence, 163, 175 ‘monotone, 284 Divergent series, 302 odd, 248 Domain, 63 one-to-one, 65 periodic, 229 Empty set, 42 sajectve, 65 Equal seis, 40 uniformly continuous, 222, 233 Equicontinuous sequence, 344 Fundamental theorem of calculus, 293, Equinumerous sets, 83 295 Equivalence class, 56 Equivalence relation, 55 Geometric series, 304 Equivalent meres, 160 Godel, Kurt, 91Goldbach conjecture, 2 Harmonic series, 303, 314 Heine-Borel theorem, 145, 156 Hilbert, David, 91 Homothetic, 236 Hypothesis, 22 Identity function, 74 Image ofa set, 69 Implication, 4 Improper integral, 296, 297 Inereasing function, 256 Increasing sequence, 179 Indexed family, 46, Indicator function, 65 Induction, 105 Inductive reasoning, 20 Infimur, 126 Infinite limits, 175, 260 Infinite series, 302 (see also Series) Infinite set, $3, Injective function, 65 Integers, 40 Integrable function, 277 Invegral test for series, 313. Integration by parts, 296 Interior point, 135, 155 Intermediate value theorem, 217 for derivatives, 252 Intersection, 42, 46 Interval, 41 of convergence, 320, Inverse function, 73, 81 theorem, 253 Inverse statement, 24 Isolated point, 138 Left inverse, 81 L'Hospita’s ral, 259, 261, 266 Limit ‘comparison test, 318 ofa function, 197 inferior, 189 at infinity, 260 Index 387 ‘one-sided, 202 ofa sequence, 163, superior, 189 Lindetof covering theorem, 150 Lipschitz condition, 257 Local maximum, 273, Lower bound, 124 Lower integral, 276 Lower sum, 276 ‘Mathematical induction, 105 Maximum, 124 ‘Mean value theorem, 250 for integrals, 202 Metre space, 152 Minimum, 124 ‘Monotone convergence theorem, 180 ‘Monotone function, 284 “Monotone sequence, 179 ‘Natural numbers, 40, 104 Negation, 3 Neighborhood, 135, 153, of infinity, 266 "Nested intervals theorem, 148 Odd funetion, 248 One-sided limits, 202 ‘One-to-one function, 65 Open cover, 144 Open set, 137, 155 Ordered field, 113, 116 Ordered pair, 52 Oscillating sequence, 189 Partial sums, 301 Partition, $7 ofan interval, 275 Pecioic function, 229 Pointwise convergence, 326 Positive integers, 40 Power series, 319 Power set, 90 Presimage ofa set, 69 Proper subset, 403880 index (Quantiiers, 12 Radius of convergence, 320 Range, 63 Ratio comparison test, 318 Ratio criterion for power series, 320 Rational funetions, field of, 117, 121, 134, 151 Rational numbers, 40 Ratio test for sequences, 174 Ratio test for series, 311 Real numbers, 40 Rearrangement of a series, 319 Refinement ofa partition, 275, Reflexive property, $5 Relation, 55 Riemann integral, 276 Riemann sum, 283 Right inverse, 81 Rolle's theorem, 249 Root test for series, 312 Russell’s paradox, 96 Sentential connectives, 3 ‘Seputuble metric space, 160 ‘Sequence, 161 ‘bounded, 167 Cauchy, 182 ccontractive, 186 ‘convergent, 163, 229 decreasing, 179 divergent, 163, 175 ‘equicontinuous, 344 ‘of functions, 326 increasing, 179 limit of, 163 ‘monotone, 179 oscillating, 189 ratio test for, 174 unbounded, 192 Sequential criterion for limits, 198 Series, 302 absolutely convergent, 310 alternating, 315, ‘comparison test for, 309 conditionally convergent, 310 ‘convergent, 302 divergent, 302 ‘of functions, 331 geometric, 304 harmonic, 303, 314 integral test for, 313 power, 319 ratio criterion for, 320, ratio test for, 311 rearrangement of, 319 root test for, 312 Taylor, 270 telescoping, 303, Sets, 38 bounded, 124, 156 Cantor, 150 closed, 137, 135 ‘compact, 144, 156 connected, 221, 235 countable, 84 dense, 160 denumerable, 84 disjoint, 42 empty, 42 cequinumerous, 83, finite, 83 image of, 69 infinite, 83 ‘open, 137, 155 power, 90 pre-image of, 69 transfinite, 83 ‘uncountable, 84 ‘Statement, 1 ‘Sitictly decreasing function, 221, 252 Strietly increasing fumetion, 221, 252 Subcover, 144 ‘Subsequence, 186 ‘Subsequential limit, 189 Subset, 39 Supremum, 126 Surjective function, 65 Symmetric property, 55Index 389 Tautology, 6 ‘Union, 42, 46 Taylor polynomials, 269 Universal quantifier, 12 Taylor series, 270 Universal statement, 29 Taylors theorem, 267, 300 Upper bound, 124 Telescoping series, 303 Upper integral. 276 Topology, 135 Upper sum, 276 “Transcendental numbers, 93 “Transfnite st, $3 Venn diagram, 44 ‘Transitive property, 5S ‘Vertical line test, 67 “Triangle inequality, 119, 152 Triehotomy law 114 Washington meri, 159 Weierstrass Mest, 331 Unhounded sequence, 192 Welk ordering property, 105 Uncountable set, $4 Uniform convergence, 329, 345 “Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms, 96 Uniformly continuous function, 222, 233