Cannabis

Region or subregion

Number (thousands)
Best
estimate

Lower
estimate

Opioids (opiates and prescription opioids)

Prevalence (percentage)

Upper
estimate

Best
estimate

Africa
45,800
20,380
59,120
East Africa
6,430
2,140
10,950
North Africa
5,710
2,900
8,830
Southern Africa
4,350
3,030
7,910
West and Central Africa
29,310
12,310
31,430
Americas
54,160
53,510
55,620
Caribbean
700
320
1,820
Central America
770
710
880
North America
36,660
36,470
36,870
South America
16,030
16,010
16,050
Asia
55,510
29,390
89,380
Central Asia
1,890
1,330
2,250
East and South-East Asia
10,220
5,960
23,550
Near and Middle East
9,610
5,590
13,520
South Asia
33,780
16,510
50,070
Europe
23,670
22,980
24,380
Eastern and South-Eastern Eur
5,270
4,650
5,920
Western and Central Europe
18,400
18,330
18,460
Oceania
2,650
2,220
3,570
Global estimate
181,790 128,480 232,070

7.5
4.2
4.3
5.0
12.4
8.4
2.5
2.8
11.6
5.9
1.9
3.5
0.6
3.4
3.5
4.3
2.3
5.7
10.7
3.9

Lower
estimate

Number (thousands)

Upper
estimate

3.3
1.4
2.2
3.5
5.2
8.3
1.2
2.6
11.5
5.9
1.0
2.4
0.4
2.0
1.7
4.2
2.0
5.7
9.0
2.7

9.7
7.1
6.6
9.1
13.3
8.6
6.5
3.2
11.6
5.9
3.1
4.1
1.5
4.8
5.2
4.4
2.6
5.7
14.5
4.9

Best
estimate
1,980
260
330
350
1,050
13,000
100
40
12,010
840
12,140
480
3,390
5,330
2,940
4,570
3,100
1,480
730
32,420

Lower
estimate
920
100
130
230
460
12,790
60
40
11,870
820
9,190
460
2,550
3,970
2,210
4,500
3,090
1,410
590
27,990

Upper
estimate
3,230
1,140
530
370
1,190
13,260
190
50
12,160
870
15,650
500
4,760
6,720
3,670
4,670
3,120
1,560
750
37,560

Opiates

Prevalence (percentage)
Best
estimate
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
2.0
0.4
0.2
3.8
0.3
0.4
0.9
0.2
1.9
0.3
0.8
1.4
0.5
2.9
0.7

Lower
estimate

Number (thousands)

Upper
estimate

0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
2.0
0.2
0.1
3.7
0.3
0.3
0.8
0.2
1.4
0.2
0.8
1.3
0.4
2.4
0.6

0.5
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.5
2.1
0.7
0.2
3.8
0.3
0.5
0.9
0.3
2.4
0.4
0.8
1.4
0.5
3.0
0.8

Best
estimate
1,880
230
330
300
1,030
1,630
80
20
1,420
110
10,010
440
3,360
3,390
2,820
2,970
1,860
1,110
50
16,530

Lower
estimate
940
170
130
200
440
1,450
50
20
1,280
100
7,590
430
2,520
2,460
2,180
2,900
1,850
1,050
40
12,920

Prevalence (percentage)

Upper
estimate

Best
estimate

2,340
320
530
320
1,170
1,810
160
20
1,500
120
13,180
460
4,720
4,550
3,450
3,060
1,870
1,190
60
20,460

0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.4
0.04
0.3
0.8
0.2
1.2
0.3
0.5
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.4

Lower
estimate

Upper
estimate

0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.04
0.3
0.8
0.2
0.9
0.2
0.5
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.3

0.4
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.1
0.5
0.05
0.5
0.8
0.3
1.6
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.4

Annual prevalence of the use of cocaine, amphetaminesa and prescription stimulants, and "ecstasy", by region
Cocaine
Region or subregion

Number (thousands)
Best
estimate

Africa
East Africa
North Africa
Southern Africa
West and Central Africa
Americas
Caribbean
Central America
North America
South America
Asia
Central Asia
East and South-East Asia
Near and Middle East
South Asia
Europe
Eastern and South-Eastern Eur
Western and Central Europe
Oceania
Global estimate

2,660
30
650
1,640
8,970
180
170
5,290
3,340
1,340
480
90
3,680
510
3,170
390
17,040

Lower
estimate
820
30
170
560
8,720
60
160
5,170
3,330
430
370
50
3,430
290
3,150
390
13,800

Upper
estimate
4,810
40
740
2,500
9,260
340
180
5,400
3,350
2,250
1,100
140
3,930
740
3,190
480
20,730

Amphetamines and prescription stimulants

Prevalence (percentage)
Best
estimate
0.4
0.02
0.7
0.7
1.4
0.6
0.6
1.7
1.2
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.7
0.2
1.0
1.6
0.4

Lower
estimate
0.1
0.02
0.2
0.2
1.4
0.2
0.6
1.6
1.2
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.6
0.1
1.0
1.6
0.3

Number (thousands)

Upper
estimate
0.8
0.03
0.9
1.1
1.4
1.2
0.6
1.7
1.2
0.08
0.07
0.05
0.7
0.3
1.0
1.9
0.4

Best
estimate
5,340
750
620
6,110
220
230
4,430
1,230
19,550
9,060
420
2,390
830
1,560
510
33,900

Lower
estimate
1,390
260
300
5,830
20
230
4,370
1,220
4,240
3,490
280
2,000
470
1,530
410
13,870

Upper
estimate
9,190
1,240
840
6,500
520
240
4,490
1,250
34,860
20,500
840
2,790
1,200
1,590
540
53,870

"Ecstasy"

Prevalence (percentage)
Best
estimate
0.9
0.6
0.7
1.0
0.8
0.8
1.4
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.5
2.1
0.7

Lower
estimate
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.9
0.1
0.8
1.4
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.5
1.7
0.3

Number (thousands)

Upper
estimate
1.5
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.9
0.9
1.4
0.5
1.2
1.3
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.5
2.2
1.1

Best
estimate
1,110
260
3,220
50
30
2,780
360
10,890
3,210
2,950
1,300
1,650
620
18,790

Lower
estimate
360
140
2,970
10
30
2,750
180
2,680
1,650
2,710
1,090
1,620
620
9,340

Upper
estimate
1,930
310
3,540
160
30
2,810
540
19,100
6,660
3,200
1,520
1,670
620
28,390

Prevalence (percentage)
Best
estimate
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.9
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.6
0.5
2.5
0.4

Lower
estimate
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.04
0.1
0.9
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.5
2.5
0.2

Upper
estimate
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.1
0.9
0.2
0.7
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.5
2.5
0.6