Unit 5

Turbines

Hydraulic Turbines
Mechanical Energy

Electrical Energy

Which convert the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy

Developed mechanical energy is then used to run an electrical generator, which is
coupled to the shaft with turbine

Flow sheet of hydroelectric power plant

Hydraulic machinery
Turbine is a device that extracts energy from a fluid (converts the energy held
by the fluid to mechanical energy)
Pumps are devices that add energy to the fluid

Classification
Based on hydraulic action of water
Based on direction of flow
Based on head of water and quantity of flow
Based on specific speed

Based on hydraulic action of water

Impulse turbine : One in which all the energy of water is converted to kinetic energy
before the water strikes the vanes of the runner wheel. Ex. Pelton Wheel

Reaction Turbine : Here, water entering the runner wheel of the turbine has both
kinetic energy and pressure energy that is total head of water striking the runner wheel
E.x- Francis turbine, Kaplan turbine

Based on direction of flow

Radial flow turbine : A radial flow turbine is a turbine in which the water as
it move along the vane flow towards the axis of rotation or away from it.

 Axial flow turbine : Its the turbine in which water enters the runner wheel parallel
to the direction of axis of rotation of runner.
Ex- Kaplan turbine
Tangential flow turbine : Its the turbine in which water strikes the runner wheel
tangentially to the path of rotation.
Ex- Pelton turbine

Axial flow turbine

Tangential flow turbine

Based on head of water and quantity of flow

High head turbine : when head is above 250 m
Ex- Pelton wheel
Medium head turbine : when head is between 60m 250m
Ex- Francis turbine
Low head turbine : When head is between 15-60 m
Ex- kaplan turbine

Based on specific speed

Specific speed
10-35
60-300
300-1000

Types of turbine
Pelton wheel
Francis turbine
Kaplan turbine

Pelton Turbine

Francis Turbine

Kaplan Turbine