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truy nhp WCDMA (Wide Band Code Devision Multiple Acces: a truy nhp phn
chia theo m bng rng) c gi l UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Network:
mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t ca UMTS). Kiu th hai s dng cng ngh a truy
nhp TDMA c gi l GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network: mng truy
nhp v tuyn da trn cng ngh EDGE ca GSM). Ti liu ch xt cp n cng
ngh duy nht trong UMTS c gi l 3G WCDMA UMTS
Chuyn mch hay Router IP (Internet Protocol) cng l mt cng ngh thc
hin phn chia thng tin pht thnh cc gi c gi l ti tin (Payload). Sau mi
gi c gn mt tiu cha cc thng tin a ch cn thit cho chuyn mch. Trong
thng tin di ng do v tr ca u cui di ng thay i nn cn phi c thm tiu
b sung nh tuyn theo v tr hin thi ca my di ng. Qu trnh nh tuyn ny
c gi l truyn ng hm (Tunnel). C hai c ch thc hin iu ny: MIP
(Mobile IP: IP di ng) v GTP (GPRS Tunnel Protocol: giao thc ng hm GPRS).
Tunnel l mt ng truyn m ti u vo ca n gi IP c ng bao vo mt tiu
mang a ch ni nhn (trong trng hp ny l a ch hin thi ca my di ng)
v ti u ra gi IP c tho bao bng cch loi b tiu bc ngoi (hnh 1.6).
Hnh 1.6. ng bao v tho bao cho gi IP trong qu trnh truyn tunnel
Hnh 1.7 cho thy qu trnh nh tuyn tunnel (chuyn mch tunnel) trong h
thng 3G UMTS t tng i gi cng (GGSN) cho mt my di ng (UE) khi n
chuyn t vng phc v ca mt tng i gi ni ht (SGSN1) ny sang mt vng
phc v ca mt tng i gi ni ht khc (SGSN2) thng qua giao thc GTP.
Phn loi
Dch v di Dch v di ng
ng
Dch v thng tin
nh v
Dch v m thanh
Dch
Kiu
Phn loi
phng tin
Dch v Internet
n gin
Dch v Dch v Internet
Internet
thi gian thc
Dch v internet
a phng tin
Trnh by IMEI
iu khin cuc gi
1.6.1.2. UICC
UMTS IC card l mt card thng minh. iu m ta quan tm n n l dung
lng nh v tc b x l do n cung cp. ng dng USIM chy trn UICC.
1.6.1.3. USIM
Trong h thng GSM, SIM card lu gi thng tin c nhn (ng k thu bao)
ci cng trn card. iu ny thay i trong UMTS, Modul nhn dng thu bao
UMTS c ci nh mt ng dng trn UICC. iu ny cho php lu nhiu ng dng
hn v nhiu ch k (kha) in t hn cng vi USIM cho cc mc ch khc (cc
m truy nhp giao dch ngn hng an ninh). Ngoi ra c th c nhiu USIM trn cng
mt UICC h tr truy nhp n nhiu mng.
USIM cha cc hm v s liu cn nhn dng v nhn thc thu bao trong
mng UMTS. N c th lu c bn sao h s ca thu bao.
Ngi s dng phi t mnh nhn thc i vi USIM bng cch nhp m PIN.
iu ny m bo rng ch ngi s dng ch thc mi c truy nhp mng UMTS.
Mng s ch cung cp cc dch v cho ngi no s dng u cui da trn nhn dng
USIM c ng k.
1.6.2.1. RNC
RNC (Radio Network Controller) chu trch nhim cho mt hay nhiu trm gc
v iu khin cc ti nguyn ca chng. y cng chnh l im truy nhp dch v m
UTRAN cung cp cho CN. N c ni n CN bng hai kt ni, mt cho min
chuyn mch gi (n GPRS) v mt n min chuyn mch knh (MSC).
8
1.6.2.2. Nt B
Trong UMTS trm gc c gi l nt B v nhim v ca n l thc hin kt
ni v tuyn vt l gia u cui vi n. N nhn tn hiu trn giao din Iub t RNC
v chuyn n vo tn hiu v tuyn trn giao din Uu. N cng thc hin mt s thao
tc qun l ti nguyn v tuyn c s nh "iu khin cng sut vng trong". Tnh
nng ny phng nga vn gn xa; ngha l nu tt c cc u cui u pht cng
mt cng sut, th cc u cui gn nt B nht s che lp tn hiu t cc u cui xa.
Nt B kim tra cng sut thu t cc u cui khc nhau v thng bo cho chng gim
cng sut hoc tng cng sut sao cho nt B lun thu c cng sut nh nhau t tt
c cc u cui.
1.6.3. Mng li
Mng li (CN) c chia thnh ba phn, min PS, min CS v HE. Min PS
m bo cc dch v s liu cho ngi s dng bng cc kt ni n Internet v cc
mng s liu khc v min CS m bo cc dch v in thoi n cc mng khc
bng cc kt ni TDM. Cc nt B trong CN c kt ni vi nhau bng ng trc
ca nh khai thc, thng s dng cc cng ngh mng tc cao nh ATM v IP.
Mng ng trc trong min CS s dng TDM cn trong min PS s dng IP.
9
1.6.3.1. SGSN
SGSN (SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node: nt h tr GPRS phc v) l nt
chnh ca min chuyn mch gi. N ni n UTRAN thng qua giao din IuPS v
n GGSN thng quan giao din Gn. SGSN chu trch nhim cho tt c kt ni PS ca
tt c cc thu bao. N lu hai kiu d liu thu bao: thng tin ng k thu bao v
thng tin v tr thu bao.
S liu thu bao lu trong SGSN gm:
IMSI (International Mobile Subsscriber Identity: s nhn dng thu bao di ng
quc t)
Cc nhn dng tm thi gi (P-TMSI: Packet- Temporary Mobile Subscriber
Identity: s nhn dng thu bao di ng tm thi gi)
Cc a ch PDP (Packet Data Protocol: Giao thc s liu gi)
S liu v tr lu trn SGSN:
Vng nh tuyn thu bao (RA: Routing Area)
S VLR
Cc a ch GGSN ca tng GGSN c kt ni tch cc
1.6.3.2. GGSN
GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node: Nt h tr GPRS cng) l mt SGSN
kt ni vi cc mng s liu khc. Tt c cc cuc truyn thng s liu t thu bao n
cc mng ngoi u qua GGSN. Cng nh SGSN, n lu c hai kiu s liu: thng tin
thu bao v thng tin v tr.
S liu thu bao lu trong GGSN:
IMSI
Cc a ch PDP
S liu v tr lu trong GGSN:
a ch SGSN hin thu bao ang ni n
GGSN ni n Internet thng qua giao din Gi v n BG thng qua Gp.
1.6.3.3. BG
BG (Border Gatway: Cng bin gii) l mt cng gia min PS ca PLMN vi
cc mng khc. Chc nng ca nt ny ging nh tng la ca Internet: m bo
mng an ninh chng li cc tn cng bn ngoi.
10
1.6.3.4. VLR
VLR (Visitor Location Register: b ghi nh v tm tr) l bn sao ca HLR cho
mng phc v (SN: Serving Network). D liu thu bao cn thit cung cp cc dch
v thu bao c copy t HLR v lu y. C MSC v SGSN u c VLR ni vi
chng.
S liu sau y c lu trong VLR:
IMSI
MSISDN
TMSI (nu c)
LA hin thi ca thu bao
MSC/SGSN hin thi m thu bao ni n
Ngoi ra VLR c th lu gi thng tin v cc dch v m thu bao c cung cp.
C SGSN v MSC u c thc hin trn cng mt nt vt l vi VLR v th
c gi l VLR/SGSN v VLR/MSC.
1.6.3.5. MSC
MSC thc hin cc kt ni CS gia u cui v mng. N thc hin cc chc
nng bo hiu v chuyn mch cho cc thu bao trong vng qun l ca mnh. Chc
nng ca MSC trong UMTS ging chc nng MSC trong GSM, nhng n c nhiu
kh nng hn. Cc kt ni CS c thc hin trn giao din CS gia UTRAN v
MSC. Cc MSC c ni n cc mng ngoi qua GMSC.
1.6.3.6. GMSC
GMSC c th l mt trong s cc MSC. GMSC chu trch nhim thc hin cc
chc nng nh tuyn n vng c MS. Khi mng ngoi tm cch kt ni n PLMN
ca mt nh khai thc, GMSC nhn yu cu thit lp kt ni v hi HLR v MSC hin
thi qun l MS.
1.6.3.7. Mi trng nh
Mi trng nh (HE: Home Environment) lu cc h s thu bao ca hng khai
thc. N cng cung cp cho cc mng phc v (SN: Serving Network) cc thng tin v
thu bao v v cc cn thit nhn thc ngi s dng v tnh cc cho cc dch v
cung cp. Tt c cc dch v c cung cp v cc dch v b cm u c lit k
y.
11
13
14
15
c trin khai chng ln ln GSM. Chin lc dch chuyn t GSM sang UMTS pht
hnh 3GR1 c chia thnh ba giai on c k hiu l R1.1, R1.2 v R1.3 (R:
Release: pht hnh). Trong cc pht hnh ny cc phn cng v cc tnh nng mi
c a ra. Cc nt B c gi l MBS (Multistandard Base Station: trm gc a tiu
chun). Tuy nhin MBS V1 ch n thun l nt B, ch MBS V2 mi thc s a tiu
chun v cha cc chc nng ca c nt B v BTS trong cng mt hp my. Tng t
RNC V2 v OMC-R V2 c a ra phc v cho c UMTS v GSM.
Hnh 1.13 cho thy kin trc ng tn ti GSM v UMTS c pht trin trong
giai on trin khai UMTS ban u (3GR1.1).
18
Hnh 1.14. Kin trc mng RAN tch hp pht hnh 3GR2 (R2.1).
Hnh 1.16. Phn chia mng thnh cc vng phc v ca MSC/VLR v SGSN
nh tuyn mt cuc gi n mt thu bao di ng, ng truyn qua mng
s c ni n MSC ang phc v thu bao di ng cn gi. mi vng phc v
MSC/VLR thng tin v thu bao c ghi li tm thi VLR. Thng tin ny bao gm
hai loi:
Thng tin v ng k v cc dch v ca thu bao.
Thng tin v v tr ca thu bao (thu bao ang vng nh v hoc vng
nh tuyn no).
Hnh 1.17. Phn chia vng phc v ca MSC/VLR v SGSN thnh cc vng nh
v (LA: Location Area) v nh tuyn (RA: Routing Area)
Vng nh v (hay vng nh tuyn l mt phn ca vng phc v MSC/VLR
(hay SGSN) m mt trm di ng c th chuyn ng t do v khng cn cp
nht thng tin v v tr cho MSC/VLR (hay SGSN) qun l v tr ny. C th ni vng
nh v (hay vng nh tuyn) l v tr c th nht ca trm di ng m mng cn bit
nh tuyn cho mt cuc gi n n. vng nh v ny thng bo tm s c
pht qung b tm thu bao di ng b gi. H thng c th nhn dng vng nh v
bng cch s dng nhn dng vng nh v (LAI: Location Area Identity) hay nhn
dng vng nh tuyn (RAI Routing Area Identity). Vng nh v (hay vng nh
tuyn) c th bao gm mt s v thuc mt hay nhiu RNC, nhng ch thuc mt
MSC (hay mt SGSN).
1.10.5. Mu
Mu c hai kiu: v hng ngang (omnidirectional) v phn on
(sectorized). Cc mu ny c cho trn hnh 1.19.
Hnh 1.20. Cc khi nim phn chia vng a l trong 3G WCDMA UMTS.
1.11. TNG KT
Chng ny trc ht xt tng quan qu trnh pht trin thng tin di ng ln
4G. Nu cng ngh a truy nhp cho 3G l CDMA th cng ngh a truy nhp cho 4G
l OFDMA. Sau kin trc mng 3G c xt. Mng li 3G bao gm hai vng
chuyn mch: (1) vng chuyn mch cc dch v CS v (2) vng chuyn mch cc
dch v PS. Cc pht hnh nh du cc mc quan trng pht trin mng 3G WCDMA
UMTS c xt: R3, R4, R5 v R6. R3 bao gm hai min chuyn mch knh v
chuyn mch gi trong kt ni gia cc nt chuyn mch gi l TDM (ghp knh
theo thi gian). R4 l s pht trin ca R3 trong min chuyn mch knh chuyn
thnh chuyn mch mm v kt ni gia cc nt mng bng IP. R5 v R6 h tr cc
dch v a phng tin IP hon ton da trn chuyn mch gi. p ng c
nhim v ny ngoi min chuyn mch gi, mng c b sung thm phn h a
phng tin IP (IMS). Ct li ca IMS l CSCF thc hin khi u kt ni a phng
tin IP da trn giao thc khi u phin (SIP Session Initiation Protocol). Ngoi ra
IMS vn cn cha chuyn mch mm h tr dch v chuyn mch knh (MGCF).
Hin nay mng 3GWCDMA UMTS ang giai don chuyn dn t R4 sang R5 (hnh
1.12). Cui chng trnh by cu trc a l ca mt mng thng tin di ng 3G c
cha c vng chuyn mch knh v vng chuyn mch gi.
Chng 2
CNG NGH A TRUY NHP CA WCDMA
23
2.1.3. Hng dn
Hc k cc t liu c trnh by trong chng
Tham kho thm cc ti liu tham kho cui ti liu ging dy ca kha hc
x, y v c k hiu tng qut cho tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph; x(t), y(t) v c(t) k hiu cho
cc tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph trong min thi gian; X(f), Y(f) v C(f) k hiu cho cc tn
hiu vo, ra v m tri ph trong min tn s; T b l thi gian mt bit ca lung s cn pht,
Rb=1/Tb l tc bit ca lung s cn truyn; Tc l thi gian mt chip ca m tri ph,
Rc=1/Tc l tc chip ca m tri ph. Rc=15Rb v Tb=15Tc.
25
Trong cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m da trn CDMA, mt tp m
trc giao c s dng v mi ngi s dng c gn mt m tri ph ring. Cc m
tri ph ny phi m bo iu kin trc giao sau y:
Tch hai m ging nhau bng 1: cici=1
1.
Tch hai m khc nhau s l mt m mi trong tp m: cicj=ck
2.
3.
1 N
C s bit 1 bng s bit -1 trong mt m Ck 0 , trong N l s chip v
N k1
Ck l gi tr chip k trong mt m
Bng 2.1. cho thy th d s dng b m gm tm m trc giao: c0, c1, , c7.
Bng 2.2 v 2.3 cho thy th d khi nhn hai m ging nhau trong bng 1 c 1 v
nhn hai m khc nhau trong bng 2.1 ta c mt m mi..
Bng 2.1. Th d b tm m trc giao
c0
c1
c2
c3
c4
c5
c6
c7
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
+1
+1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
-1
+1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
-1
+1
+1
-1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
c1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
c1c1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
c3
= c2
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
+1
-1
+1
+1
-1
+1
-1
i 1
i 1
y yi ci xi
(2.1)
x%
k xk ci xi
i 1
i k
(2.2)
Thnh phn th nht trong (2.2) chnh l tn hiu hu ch cn thnh phn th hai l
nhiu ca cc ngi s dng cn l nhiu ca cc ngi s dng khc c gi l
MAI (Multiple Access Interferrence: nhiu a ngi s dng). loi b thnh phn
th hai my thu s dng b lc tng quan trng min thi gian kt hp vi b lc tn
s trong min tn s. Hnh 2.2 xt qu trnh gii tri ph v lc ra tn hiu hu ch ti
my thu k trong mt h thng CDMA c K ngi s dng vi gi thit cng sut pht
t K my pht nh nhau ti u vo my thu k. Hnh 2.2a cho thy s gii tri ph
DSSS. Hnh 2.2b cho thy ph ca tn hiu tng c pht i t K my pht sau tri
ph, hnh 2.2c cho thy ph ca tn hiu ny sau gii tri ph ti my thu k v hnh
2.2d cho thy ph ca tn hiu sau b lc thng thp vi bng thng bng Rb.
C th c cc th tc HO sau:
30
2.7. TRI PH V IU CH NG LN
2.7.1. Tri ph v iu ch cc knh ring ng ln
Nguyn l tri ph cho DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel: knh s
liu vt l ring, knh truyn lu lng ca ngi s dng) v DPCCH (Dedicated
Physical Control Channel: knh iu khin vt l ring; knh i cng vi DPDCH
mang thng tin iu khin lp vt l) c minh ha trn hnh 2.7.
Mt DPCCH v cc i su DPDCH song song gi tr thc c th c tri ph
v pht ng thi. DPCCH lun c tri ph bng m C c=Cch,256,0, trong k=0. Nu
ch mt knh DPDCH c pht trn ng ln, th DPDCH 1 c tri ph vi m
Cd,1=Cch,SF,k, trong k=SF/4 l s m OVSF v k=SF/4. Ngha l nu h s tri ph
SF=128 th k=32. Nu nhiu DPDCH c pht, th tt c DPDCH u c h s tri
ph l 4 (tc bit knh l 960kbps) v DPDCHn c tri ph bi m Cd,n=Cch,4,k,
trong k=1 nu n{1,2}, k=3 nu n{3,4} v k=2 nu n{5,6}. b tr s khc
nhau gia cc h s tri ph ca s liu, tn hiu tri ph c nh trng s bng cc
h s khuych i k hiu l c cho DPCCH v d cho DPDCH. Cc h s khuych i
ny c tnh ton bi SRNC v c gi n UE trong giai on thit lp ng
truyn v tuyn hay t li cu hnh. Cc h s khuych i nm trong di t 0 n 1
v t nht mt trong s cc gi tr ca c v d lun lun bng 1. Lung chip ca cc
nhnh I v Q sau c cng phc vi nhau v c ngu nhin ha bi mt m
ngu nhin ha phc c k hiu l S dpch,n trn hnh 2.7. M ngu nhin ha ny c
ng b vi khung v tuyn, ngha l chip th nht tng ng vi u khung v tuyn.
Hnh 2.9. Chm tn hiu i vi ghp m I/Q s dung ngu nhin ha phc,
biu din cho t s cng sut gia DPDCH v DPCCH.
DPCCH v cc DPDCH c th c ngu nhin ha bng cc m ngu nhin
di hoc ngn. C 224 m ngu nhin ha di ng ln v 2 24 m ngu nhin ngn
ng ln. V c th s dng c hng triu m nn khng cn quy hoch m ng
ln. S m ngu nhin cho DPCH (0,., 16777215), cng vi SF thp nht c php
ca m nh knh (4, 8, 16, 32, 128 v 256) cho phn s liu c n nh bi cc lp
cao hn, chng hn khi thit lp kt ni RRC hoc khi iu khin chuyn giao.
34
36
2.9. TNG KT
Cc h thng CDMA c xy dng trn c s tri ph chui trc tip (DSSS).
Vic s dng tri ph cng vi cc m trc giao cho php nhiu u cui di ng c
th dng chung mt tn s. Khi ny tnh trc giao ca cc m v tri ph cho php mt
my thu u cui c th d dng tch ra c tn hiu ca mnh. Do s dng chung
mt tn s nn c th p dng chuyn giao mm cho CDMA. Trong chuyn giao mm
mt my di ng c th kt ni n nhiu trm gc trn cng mt tn s nhng vi m
tri ph khc nhau. u im ca chuyn giao mm l khng lm mt cuc gi trong
qu trnh chuyn giao mc d n lm gim phn no dng lng v tng thm tnh
phc tp h thng. Nhng cng v s dng chung mt tn s nn c th xy ra hin
tng gn xa, trong my di ng gn trm gc s gy nhiu cho cc ngi s dng
khc. khc phc nhc im ny phi p dng iu khin cng sut nhanh cho
CDMA trong my di ng gn trm gc s c iu chnh pht cng sut thp hn
my di ng xa trm gc. iu khin cng sut nhanh trong WCDMA c thc
hin 1500 ln trong mt giy. Mt c im na ca CDMA l cc m ngu nhin ha
mang tnh trc giao kh cao nn cc ng truyn n my thu c tr khc nhau
thi gian chip hoc ln hn thi gian ny u c lp vi nhau v v th c th s
dng phn tp a ng (hay my thu RAKE) trong CDMA. Nguyn tc ca my thu
RAKE l chn mt s ng (mt s ngn) c cng sut thu ln hn ngng, ng
chnh pha cc ng ny ri cng cng sut thu ca chng vi nhau. WCDMA s
dng hai tng tri ph: (1) tri ph bng m nh knh, (2) tri ph bng m nhn dng
ngun pht. M nh knh c xy dng trn c s m h s tri ph trc giao kh
bin (OVSF), trong h s tri ph SF=R s/Rc vi Rs l tc k hiu v R c l tc
chip. M ngu nhin ha c cu trc t m Gold. WCDMA s dng iu ch QPSK
cho ng xung v BPSK cho ng ln. gim t s cng sut nh trn cng
sut trung bnh ca tn hiu iu ch, ngu nhin ha phc c s dng.
38
Chng 3
GIAO DIN V TUYN CA WCDMA UMTS
3.1. GII THIU CHUNG
3.1.1. Mc ch chng
Hiu tng quan v WCDMA/FDD
Hiu kin trc WCDMA v cc knh ca n
Hiu c cc k thut phn tp pht trong WCDMA
3.1.3. Hng dn
Hc k cc t liu c trnh by trong chng
Tham kho thm cc ti liu tham kho cui ti liu ging dy ca kha hc
3.2. M U
WCDMA UMTS l mt trong cc tiu chun ca IMT-2000 nhm pht trin
ca GSM cung cp cc kh nng cho th h ba. WCDMA UMTS s dng mng a
truy nhp v tuyn trn c s W-CDMA v mng li c pht trin t GSM/GPRS.
W-CDMA c th c hai gii php cho giao din v tuyn: ghp song cng phn chia
theo tn s (FDD: Frequency Division Duplex) v ghp song cng phn chia theo thi
gian (TDD: Time Division Duplex). C hai giao din ny u s dng tri ph chui
trc tip (DS-CDMA). Gii php th nht s c trin khai rng ri cn gii php th
hai ch yu s c trin khai cho cc nh (Micro v Pico). Hin nay mi ch c
WCDMA/FDD c trin khai v th trong kha hc ny ta s ch xt WCDMA/FDD
Gii php FDD s dng hai bng tn 5 MHz vi hai sng mang phn cch nhau
190 MHz: ng ln c bng tn nm trong di ph t 1920 MHz n 1980 MHz,
ng xung c bng tn nm trong di ph t 2110 MHz n 2170 Mhz. Mc d 5
MHz l rng bng danh nh, ta cng c th chn rng bng t 4,4 MHz n 5
39
MHz vi nc tng l 200 KHz. Vic chn rng bng ng n cho php ta trnh
c nhiu giao thoa nht l khi khi 5 MHz tip theo thuc nh khai thc khc.
Gii php TDD s dng cc tn s nm trong di 1900 n 1920 MHz v t
2010 MHz n 2025 MHz; y ng ln v ng xung s dng chung mt bng
tn.
Giao din v tuyn ca W-CDMA/FDD ( n gin ta s b qua k hiu FDD
nu khng xt n TDD) hon ton khc vi GSM v GPRS, W-CDMA s dung
phng thc tri ph chui trc tip vi tc chip l 3,84 Mcps. Trong WCDMA
mng truy nhp v tuyn c gi l UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
Network). Cc phn t ca UTRAN rt khc vi cc phn t mng truy nhp v
tuyn ca GSM. V th kh nng s dng li cc BTS v BSC ca GSM l rt hn ch.
Mt s nh sn xut cng c k hoch nng cp cc GSM BTS cho WCDMA. i
vi cc nh sn sut ny c th ch tho ra mt s b thu pht GSM t BTS v thay
vo cc b thu pht mi cho WCDMA. Mt s rt t nh sn sut cn lp k hoch
xa hn. H ch to cc BSC ng thi cho c GSM v WCDMA. Tuy nhin a phn
cc nh sn sut phi thay th GSM BSC bng RNC mi cho WCDMA.
W-CDMA s dng rt nhiu kin trc ca mng GSM, GPRS hin c cho mng
ca mnh. Cc phn t nh MSC, HLR, SGSN, GGSN c th c nng cp t mng
hin c h tr ng thi WCDMA v GSM.
Giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA/FDD c xy dng trn ba kiu knh: knh
logic, knh truyn ti v knh vt l. Knh logic c hnh thnh trn c s ng gi
cc thng tin t lp cao trc khi sp xp vo knh truyn ti. Nhiu knh truyn ti
c ghp chng vo knh vt l. Knh vt l c xy dng trn cng ngh a truy
nhp CDMA kt hp vi FDMA/FDD. Mi knh vt l c c trng bi mt cp
tn s v mt m tri ph. Ngoi ra knh vt l ng ln cn c c trng bi gc
pha. Trong phn di y ta trc ht ta xt kin trc giao thc ca giao din v tuyn
sau ta s xt giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA/FDD, sau s xt cc knh ny.
40
Hnh 3.1. Kin trc giao thc v tuyn cho UTRA FDD.
Ngn xp giao thc ca giao din v tuyn bao gm 3 lp giao thc:
Lp vt l (L1). c t cc vn lin quan n giao din v tuyn nh iu ch
v m ha, tri ph v.v..
Lp lin kt ni s liu (L2). Lp khun s liu vo cc khi s liu v m bo
truyn dn tin cy gia cc nt ln cn hay cc thc th ng cp
Lp mng (L3). c t nh a ch v nh tuyn
Mi khi th hin mt trng hp ca giao thc tng ng. ng khng lin
nt th hin cc giao din iu khin, qua giao thc RRC iu khin v lp cu hnh
cc lp di.
Lp 2 c chia thnh cc lp con: MAC (Medium Access Control: iu khin
truy nhp mi trng) v RLC (Radio link Control: iu khin lin kt), PDCP (Packet
Data Convergence Protocol: Giao thc hi t s liu gi) v BMC
(Broadcast/Multicast Control: iu khin qung b/a phng ).
Lp 3 v RLC c chia thnh hai mt phng: mt phng iu khin (C-Plane)
v mt phng ngi s dng (U-Plane). PDCP v BMC ch c mt phng U.
Trong mt phng C lp 3 bao gm RRC (Radio Resource Control: iu khin
ti nguyn v tuyn) kt cui ti RAN v cc lp con cao hn: MM (Mobility
Management) v CC (Connection Management), GMM (GPRS Mobility
Management), SM (Session Management) kt cui ti mng li (CN).
Lp vt l l lp thp nht giao din v tuyn. Lp vt l c s dng
truyn dn giao din v tuyn. Mi knh vt l lp ny c xc nh bng mt t
hp tn s, m ngu nhin ho (m nh knh) v pha (ch cho ng ln). Cc knh
c s dng vt l truyn thng tin ca cc lp cao trn giao din v tuyn, tuy
nhin cng c mt s knh vt l ch c dnh cho hot ng ca lp vt l.
41
truyn thng tin giao din v tuyn, cc lp cao phi chuyn cc thng tin
ny qua lp MAC n lp vt l bng cch s dng cc knh logic. MAC sp xp cc
knh ny ln cc knh truyn ti trc khi a n lp vt l lp ny sp xp
chng ln cc knh vt l.
43
Hnh 3.4. Th d cp pht bng tn cho nm nh khai thc ti Vng Quc Anh
Cp pht tn s ca c khc vi cp pht tn s Anh ch, cc 10MHz
bng kp c cp pht cho su nh khai thc (610MHz), tt c bn knh TDD1
c cp pht (1900 n 1920 MHz) cng vi mt trong s cc knh TDD2 (hnh 3.5).
44
FDD
BSTx*
BSRx**
A
2110-2125 MHz 1920-1935 MHz
B
2125-2140 MHz 1935-1950 MHz
C
2140-2155 MHz 1950-1965 MHz
D
2155-2170 MHz 1965-1980 MHz
* BSTx: my pht trm gc
** BSRx: my thu trm gc
TDD
BSTx/BSRx
1915-1920 MHz
1910-1915 MHz
1905-1910 MHz
1900-1905 MHz
Knh vt l (PhCH). Knh mang s liu trn giao din v tuyn. Mi PhCH c
mt tri ph m nh knh duy nht phn bit vi knh khc. Mt ngi s
dng tch cc c th s dng cc PhCH ring, chung hoc c hai. Knh ring l
knh PhCH dnh ring cho mt UE cn knh chung c chia s gia cc UE
trong mt .
Knh truyn ti (TrCH). Knh do lp vt l cung cp cho lp 2 truyn s liu.
Cc knh TrCH c sp xp ln cc PhCH
Knh Logic (LoCH). Knh c lp con MAC ca lp 2 cung cp cho lp cao
hn. Knh LoCH c xc nh bi kiu thng tin m n truyn.
Knh logic
BCCH (Broadcast Control
CCH (Control Channel: Knh iu khin
Channel: Knh qung b)
iu khin)
PCCH (Paging Control
Channel: Knh iu khin tm
gi)
CCCH (Common Control
Channel: Knh iu khin
chung)
DCCH (Dedicated Control
Channel: Knh iu khin
ring).
DTCH (Dedicated Traffic
TCH (Traffic Channel: Knh lu lng
Channel: Knh ring)
lu lng)
CTCH (Common Traffic
Channel: Knh lu lng
chung)
ng dng
Knh ng xung pht qung b
thng tin h thng
Knh ng xung pht qung b
thng tin tm gi
Knh hai chiu pht thng tin
iu khin gia mng v cc UE.
c s dng khi khng c kt ni
RRC hoc khi truy nhp mt mi
Knh hai chiu im n im
pht thng tin iu khin ring gia
UE v mng. c thit lp bi thit
lp kt ni ca RRC
Knh hai chiu im n im ring
cho mt UE truyn thng tin ca
ngi s dng. DTCH c th tn ti
c ng ln ln ng xung
Knh mt chiu im a im
truyn thng tin ca mt ngi s
dng cho tt c hay mt nhm ngi
s dng quy nh hoc ch cho mt
ngi s dng. Knh ny ch c
ng xung.
46
ng dng
Knh hai chiu c s dng pht s liu ca ngi s
dng. c n nh ring cho ngi s dng. C kh nng
thay i tc v iu khin cng sut nhanh
Knh chung ng xung pht thng tin qung b (chng
hn thng tin h thng, thng tin )
Knh chung ng xung pht thng tin iu khin v s
liu ca ngi s dng. Knh chia s chung cho nhiu UE.
c s dng truyn s liu tc thp cho lp cao hn
Knh chung dng xung pht cc tn hiu tm gi
Knh chung ng ln pht thng tin iu khin v s liu
ngi s dng. p dng trong truy nhp ngu nhin v c
s dng truyn s liu thp ca ngi s dng
Knh chung ng ln pht s liu ngi s dng. p
dng trong truy nhp ngu nhin v c s dng trc ht
truyn s liu cm.
Knh chung ng xung pht s liu gi. Chia s cho
nhiu UE. S dng trc ht cho truyn dn s liu tc
cao.
47
Cc knh logic c chuyn thnh cc knh truyn ti nh cho trn hnh 3.6.
3.5.3. Cc knh vt l
Mt knh vt l c coi l t hp ca tn s, m ngu nhin, m nh knh v
c pha tng i (i vi ng ln). Knh vt l (Physical Channel) bao gm cc
knh vt l ring (DPCH: Dedicated Physical channel) v knh vt l chung (CPCH:
Common Physical Channel). Cc knh vt l c tng kt hnh 3.7 v bng 3.4.
DPDCH (Dedicated
Physical Data Channel:
Knh vt l s liu ring
DPCCH (Dedicated
Physical Control Channel:
Knh vt l iu khin
ring)
ng dng
Knh hai chiu ng xung/ng ln c n nh
ring cho UE. Gm DPDCH (Dedicated Physical
Control Channel: Knh vt l iu khin ring) v
DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel: Knh vt
l iu khin ring). Trn ng xung DPDCH v
DPCCH c ghp theo thi gian vi ngu nhin ha
phc cn trn ng ln c ghp m I/Q vi ngu
nhin ha phc
Khi s dng DPCH, mi UE c n nh t nht mt
DPDCH. Knh c s dng pht s liu ngi s
dng t lp cao hn
Khi s dng DPCH, mi UE ch c n nh mt
DPCCH. Knh c s dng iu khin lp vt l
ca DPCH. DPCCH l knh i km vi DPDCH cha:
cc k hiu hoa tiu, cc k hiu iu khin cng sut
(TPC: Transmission Power Control), ch th kt hp
khun dng truyn ti. Cc k hiu hoa tiu cho php
my thu nh gi hng ng xung kim ca knh v
tuyn v thc hin tch sng nht qun. Cc k hiu
ny cng cn cho hot ng ca anten thch ng (hay
anten thng minh) c bp sng hp. TPC iu khin
cng sut vng kn nhanh cho c ng ln v ng
xung. TFCI thng tin cho my thu v cc thng s tc
thi ca cc knh truyn ti: cc tc s liu hin thi
trn cc knh s liu khi nhiu dch v c s dng
ng thi. Ngoi ra TFCI c th b b qua nu tc s
liu c nh. Knh cng cha thng tin hi tip hi tip
(FBI: Feeback Information) ng ln m bo
vng hi tip cho phn tp pht v phn tp chn la.
Knh chung ng ln. c s dng mang knh
truyn ti RACH
Knh chung ng ln. c s dng mang knh
truyn ti CPCH
Knh chung ng xung. C hai kiu knh CPICH: PCPICH (Primary CPICH: CPICH s cp) v S-CPICH
(Secondary CPICH: CPICH th cp). P-CPICH m
bo tham chun nht qun cho ton b UE thu c
SCH, P-CCPCH, AICH v PICH v cc knh nay khng
c hoa tiu ring nh cc trng hp knh DPCH.
Knh S-CPICH m bo tham kho nht qun chung
49
SCH (Synchrronization
Channel: Knh ng b)
PDSCH (Physical
Downlink Shared Channel:
Knh vt l chia s ng
xung)
AICH (Acquisition
Indication Channel: Knh
ch th bt)
PICH (Page Indication
Channel: Knh ch th tm
gi)
AP-AICH (Access
Preamble Acquisition
Indicator Channel: Knh
ch th bt tin t truy nhp)
CD/CA-ICH (CPCH
Collision Detection/
Channel Assignment
Indicator Channel: Knh
ch th pht hin va chm
CPCH/n nh knh)
CSICH (CPCH Status
Indicator Channel: Knh
ch th trng thi CPCH)
50
51
3.5.4. Qu trnh truy nhp ngu nhin RACH v truy nhp gi CPCH
Qu trnh truy nhp ngu nhin RACH v truy nhp gi CPCH c cho trn
hnh 3.10a v 3.10b.
52
53
55
X(x1 , x 2 ) 1
x x
2
1
(3.1)
56
Hnh 3.15. B iu ch STTD s dng m khi khng gian thi gian trc giao (OSTBC) 2x2.
3.8.2. Ch vng kn
R3 v R4 s dng hai khi nim phn tp pht vng kn. Trong c hai ch
ny, thng tin ng chnh pha c pht trn mt knh hi tip nhanh (tc 1500
bps) cho php chn 4 hoc 16 kh nng trng s bp sng. C hai khi nim ny u
c th coi l truyn dn nht qun (to bp thch ng knh) vi s dng cn bng knh
v cc chin lc bo hiu hi tip khc nhau. Kin trc my pht v my thu nt B
c cho trn hnh 3.16a v 3.16b.
57
58
59
Cc thng s my thu
nhy
Bng tn 1: -117dBm
Bng tn II: -115dBm
Bng tn III: - 114dBm
Cc thng s my pht
Loi 1: +33dBm +1/-3dB
Cng sut pht cc ai v Loi 2: +27dBm +1/-3dB
chnh xc
Loi 3: +24dBm +1/-3dB
Loi 4: +21dBm 2dB
iu khin cng sut pht Bnh thng: 9dB
vng h
Cc ai: 12dB
3.13. TNG KT
Trc ht chng ny trnh by ngn xp giao thc ca giao din v tuyn v
cc knh logic, knh truyn ti, knh vt l c to nn giao din ny. Sau
chng trnh by cc thng s lp vt l v quy hoch tn s ca WCDMA. Ti VitNam bng I c chia lm bn khe v c phn cho 4 nh khai thc. Ngn xp giao
thc c chia thnh hai loi: mt trong mt phng C-Plane truyn bo hiu v mt
trong mt phng U-Plane truyn lu lng. Tip theo cu trc ca cc knh ny
c trnh by c th. Cc knh c chia thnh hai loi: knh iu khin, bo hiu v
knh truyn lu lng. WCDMA l giai on pht trin u ca 3G WCDMA
UMTS v th vic thit k cc knh truyn lu lng vn tp trung ln dch v
chuyn mch knh vi knh c s dng cho dch v ny l DPCH. Tuy nhin cc
knh dung c chuyn mch gi cng bt u c ch trng. DSCH (Knh chia s
ng xung), RACH, FACH v CPCH c s dng cho mc ch ny. Cc knh
RACH, FACH v CPCH c s dng truyn nhanh cc gi nh, cn knh DSCH
c s cng vi knh DPCH trong thi im gi ln hn kh nng truyn ca knh
DPCH. ng xung s dng s iu ch QPSK kt hp vi m ha knh kim
sot li. M ha kim sot li c thc hin hai lp: (1) m ha pht hin li CRC,
(2) m ha sa li. Cc m sa li c th l m xon hoc m turbo. WCDMA s dng
phng php tri ph chui trc tip vi tc chip Rc=3,84Mcps. Tri ph c thc
hin ti hai thao tc vi hai m: m nh knh v m nhn dng ngun pht. Khc vi
GSM, 3G WCDMA s dng c phn tp pht ln phn tp thu ti nt B. Cc s ny
c th nm trong ch vng h hoc vng kn. m bo t s tn hiu trn nhiu
yu cu, hai s iu khin cng sut c s dng cho WCDMA: iu khin cng
sut vng h v vng kn. iu khin cng sut vng h c p dng khi khi UE bt
u truy nhp mng. iu khin vng kn c s dng khi UE kt ni vi nt B.
iu khin cng sut vng kn bao gm iu khin cng sut vng trong nhanh vi tc
1500 ln trong mt giy v iu khin cng sut vng ngoi chm vi tc 10100 ln trong mt giy. WCDMA c th s dng chuyn giao cng hoc mm. Chuyn
giao mm ch c thc hin trn cng mt tn s v trong cng mt h thng Cui
chng mt s thng s v thng tin quan trng lin quan n my thu v my pht v
tuyn ca UE cng nh CODEC thoi cho WCDMA cng c trnh by.
63
64
Chng 4
TRUY NHP GI TC CAO (HSPA)
4.1. GII THIU CHUNG
4.1.1. Mc ch chng
Hiu kin trc ngn xp giao thc giao din v tuyn HSDPA
Hiu c cc s lp biu (Scheduler) v HARQ p dng cho HSPA
Hiu c kin trc HSDPA v cc knh ca n
Hiu c kin trc HSUPA v cc knh ca n
Hiu c chuyn giao trong HSDPA
4.1.3. Hng dn
Hc k cc t liu c trnh by trong chng
Tham kho cc ti liu tham kho nu cn
HSDPA (R6)
14,4
HSUPA (R6)
5,7
65
Hnh 4.1. Trin khai HSPA vi sng mang ring (f2) hoc chung sng mang vi
WCDMA (f1).
HSPA chia s chung h tng mng vi WCDMA. nng cp WCDMA ln
HSPA ch cn b sung phn mm v mt vi phn cng nt B v RNC.
Lc u HSPA c thit k cho cc dch v tc cao phi thi gian thc, tuy
nhin R6 v R7 ci thin hiu sut ca HSPA cho VoIP v cc ng dng tng t khc.
Khc vi WCDMA trong tc s liu trn cc giao din nh nhau (384
kbps cho tc cc i chng hn), tc s liu HSPA trn cc giao din khc nhau.
Hnh 4.2 minh ha iu ny cho HSDPA. Tc nh (14,4Mbps trn 2 ms) ti u
cui ch xy ra trong thi im iu kin knh truyn tt v th tc trung bnh c th
khng qu 3Mbps. m bo truyn lu lng mang tnh cm ny, nt cn c b
m lu li lu lng v b lp biu truyn lu lng ny trn h tng mng.
Hnh 4.2. Tc s liu khc nhau trn cc giao din (trng hp HSDPA)
Hnh 4.3. Kin trc giao din v tuyn HSDPA v HSUPA cho s liu ngi s
dng
Hnh 4.4 cho thy cc chc nng mi trong cc phn t ca WCDMA khi a
vo HSPA.
67
70
71
Hnh 4.9. Chm tn hiu iu ch QPSK, 16-QAM v khong cch cc tiu gia
hai im tn hiu
72
4.4.4. HARQ vi kt hp mm
HARQ vi kt hp mm cho php u cui yu cu pht li cc khi thu mc
li, ng thi iu chnh mn t l m hiu dng v b tr cc li gy ra do c ch
thch ng ng truyn. u cui gii m tng khi truyn ti m n nhn c ri
bo co v nt B v vic gii m thnh cng hay tht bi c 5ms mt ln sau khi thu
c khi ny. Cch lm ny cho php pht li nhanh chng cc khi s liu thu
khng thnh cng v gim ng k tr lin quan pht li so vi pht hnh R3.
Nguyn l x l pht li HSDPA c minh ha trn hnh 4.10. u tin gi
c nhn vo b nh m ca nt B. Ngay c khi gi c gi i nt B vn gi
gi ny. Nu UE gii m tht bi n lu gi nhn c vo b nh m v gi lnh
khng cng nhn (NAK) n nt B. Nt B pht li c gi hoc ch phn sa li ca gi
ty thuc vo gi thuth kt hp gi ti UE. UE kt hp gi pht trc vi gi c
pht li v gii m. Trong trng hp gii m pha thu tht bi, nt B thc hin pht li
m khng cn RNC tham gia. My di ng thc hin kt hp cc pht li. Pht theo
RNC ch thc hin khi xy ra s c hot ng lp vt l (li bo hiu chng hn). Pht
li theo RNC s dng ch cng nhn RLC, pht li RLC khng thng xuyn xy
ra.
73
74
75
2.
3.
4.
5.
S m
iu ch
MIMO
12
5/6
5
5
QPSK
16QAM
T l m Tc bit
ha
nh
(Mbps)
3/4
1,8
3/4
3,6
Pht hnh
ca 3GPP
R5
R5
78
7/8
9
10
13
14
15
16
10
15
15
15
15
15
15
16QAM
16QAM
16QAM
64QAM
64QAM
16QAM
16QAM
2x2
2x2
3/4
3/4
Gn 1/1
5/6
Gn 1/1
5/6
Gn 1/1
7,2
10,1
14,0
17,4
21,1
23,4
28
R5
R5
R5
R7
R7
R7
R7
4.5.1. Lp biu
i vi HSUPA, b lp biu l phn t then cht iu khin khi no v ti
tc s liu no mt UE c php pht. u cui s dng tc cng cao, th cng
sut thu t u cui ti nt B cng phi cng cao m bo t s E b/N0 (Eb=Pr/Rb, Pr
l cng sut thu ti nt B cn R b l tc bit c pht i t UE) cn thit cho gii
iu ch. Bng cch tng cng sut pht, UE c th pht tc s liu cao hn. Tuy
nhin do ng ln khng trc giao, nn cng sut thu t mt UE s gy nhiu i vi
cc u cui khc. V th ti nguyn chia s i vi HSUPA l i lng cng sut
nhiu cho php trong . Nu nhiu qu cao, mt s truyn dn trong , cc knh iu
khin v cc truyn dn ng ln khng c lp biu c th b thu sai. Tri li mc
nhiu qu thp cho thy rng cc UE b iu chnh thi qu v khng khai thc ht
ton b dung lng h thng. V th HSUPA s dng b lp biu cho php cc
ngi s dng c s liu cn pht c php s dng tc s liu cao n mc c
th nhng vn m bo khng vt qu mc nhiu cc i cho php trong .
Nguyn l lp biu HSUPA c cho trn hnh 4.15.
4.5.2. HARQ vi kt hp mm
HARQ nhanh vi kt hp mm c HSUPA s dng vi mc ch c bn
ging nh HSDPA: m bo tnh bn vng chng li cc sai li truyn dn ngu
nhin. S c s dng ging nh i vi HSDPA. i vi tng khi truyn ti
c pht trn ng ln, mt bit c pht t nt B n UE thng bo gii m
thnh cng (ACK) hay yu cu pht li khi truyn ti thu b mc li (NAK).
81
82
84
S m cc i s TTI c h H s tri
dng ng thi tr
ph
Echo E-DPCH
DPCH thp
nht
1
1
10
4
2
2
2,10
4
3
2
10
4
4
2
2, 10
2
5
2
10
2
6
4 (2SF4+2SF2)
2,10
2
* N/A: khng p dng
Nh vy R6 c th c ba loi thit b:
Thit b ch cho DCH
Thit b c kh nng c DCH v HSDPA
Thit b c kh nng c DCH, HSDPA v HSUPA
Tc s
liu nh lp
1
vi
TTI=10ms
0,72
1,45
1,45
2
2
2
Tc s
liu nh lp
1
vi
TTI=2ms
N/A*
1,45
N/A
2,91
N/A
5,76
85
86
4.6.3. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai cc (on ) thuc hai RNC khc
nhau
Qu trnh chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai (on ) thuc hai RNC khc nhau
c minh ha trn hnh 4.22. Sau khi SRNC quyt nh chuyn giao, n gi bn
tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c ng b n cc nt B lin quan v ng
thi gi bn tin RRC t li cu hnh knh vt l n UE thc hin chuyn giao.
Trong trng hp ny bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c SRNC gi n
nt B ch thng qua DRNC.
Hnh 4.22. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia cc on thuc hai RNC khc nhau
87
4.7. TNG KT
HSPA l cng ngh tng cng cho 3G WCDMA cn c gi l 3G+. HSPA
l cng ngh truyn dn gi ph hp cho truyn thng a phng tin IP bng rng.
HSDPA s dng knh chia s ng xung trn c s ghp nhiu knh m vi h s
tri ph SF=16, trong ti a s knh m dnh cho lu lng ln n 15 v mt knh
m c dnh cho bo hiu v iu khin. HSUPA s dng knh tng cng E-DCH
truyn lu lng. C HSDPA v HSUPA u s dng truyn dn thch ng trn c
s lp biu v HARQ. Truyn dn thch ng l cng ngh trong ti nguyn v tuyn
dc phn b cho ngi s dng da trn tnh trng ca knh truyn sng tc thi n
ngi s dng ny: (1) nu iu kin truyn sng tt ngi s dng c phn phi
nhiu ti nguyn hn, ngc li ngi ny c phn phi t ti nguyn. HSDPA s
dng phn phi ti nguyn theo m hoc thi gian trong cng sut truyn dn
khng i v tc truyn dn c th thay i s lng m, s khe c cp pht
hoc bng cch thay i s truyn dn (AMC: Adaptive Modulation and Coding:
88
89
Thut ng v vit tt
2G
Second Generation
Th h th 2
3G
Third Generation
Th h th ba
3GPP
ird
n cc i tc th h th ba
ird
3GPP2
n i tc th h th ba 2
AICH
Knh ch th bt
AMC
M ha v iu ch thch ng
AMR
Adaptive MultiRate
a tc thch ng
ARQ
Automatic Repeat-reQuest
Yu cu pht li t ng
APAICH
ATM
Ch truyn d b
BCCH
BCH
Broadcast Channel
Knh qung b
BER
T s li bit
BLER
T s li khi
BPSK
BS
Base Station
Trm gc
BTS
CC
Convolutional Code
M xon
CDMA
CN
Core Network
Mng li
CPCH
Knh gi chung
CPICH
CQI
CRC
CS
Circuit Switch
CSICH
DCCH
DCH
Dedicated Channel
Knh iu khin
DL
Downlink
ng xung
DPCH
Knh vt l ring
DRX
Discontinuous Reception
DSCH
DSSS
EDGE
EIR
E-RGCH
Enhanced Relative Grant Channel
FACH
FDD
GGSN
Nt h tr GPRS cng
GPRS
GSM
HARQ
HHO
Hard Handover
HLR
B ghi nh v thng tr
HSPA
HSSCCH
IMS
IP Multimedia Subsystem
IMT2000
International Mobile
Telecommunications 2000
IP
Internet Protocol
IPv4
IP version 4
Phin bn IP bn
IPv6
IP version 6
Phin bn IP su
IR
Incremental Redundancy
Phn d tng
Iu
Iub
Iur
LTE
Pht trin di hn
MAC
Nhiu u vo nhiu u ra
MMS
MSC
NodeB
Nt B
OVSF
PAPR
PPrimary Common Control Physical
CCPCH Channel
PCH
Knh tm gi
Paging Channel
Knh vt l gi chung
PDCP
PHY
Physical Layer
Lp vt l
PICH
Knh ch th tm gi
PS
Packet Switch
Chuyn mch gi
PSTN
QAM
iu ch bin vung gc
QoS
Quality of Service
QPSK
RACH
RAN
RAT
RF
Radio Frequency
Tn s v tuyn
RLC
RNC
RRC
RTP
Synchronization channel
Knh ng b
SF
Spreading Factor
H s tri ph
SGSN
Nt h tr GPRS phc v
SIM
SMS
SNR
T s tn hiu trn tp m
SHO
Soft Handover
Chuyn giao mm
TDD
TDM
TFC
TFCI
TrCH
Transport Channel
Knh truyn ti
TTI
UE
User Equipment
UL
Uplink
ng ln
UMB
UMTS
USIM
UMTS SIM
UTRA
TDMA
WiFi
Access
bng rng
Wireless Fidelitity
VoIP
Thoi trn IP
Voice over IP
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95