Presta Harder Applications of the Preliminary Course Basic arithmetic and algebra 1 Simplify: 5 Find the exact value of Ait 4 = 4 and Pa 6 a Faroe find @ and b b tf axtey+var= T solve: a ie = 5495, find x and y b |ax+2|=20-4 © [xts|e[x—s[2a1 B Find the exact value of o ~ 202 +1 whena = Ne | 9 Factorise 2° 4.2" and hence write as asa power of 2 Real functions 1a sketch y umber plane | onthe same b Hence, solve |x-2|+| Quick Answers and pag 12 Write down the domain and range of y =*** 13 a Sketch the graph of y 1-3] Db For what values of xis [x—3] 1 20 f(x)={5 when 542 a? when x<-1 Find f(3) (0), fl-3) and sketch the curve for -3 << 3 21 a show that 24*5 241 xe2 x42 2x45, Find the domain and range of y = xt2 © Hence, sketch the graph of yk £22 What i the locus of points which are equidistant from the point (2, -1) and the tine y = 5? Trigonometric ratios 23 In triangle POR, the sides are in the ratio 4 : 3: 2. Find the smallest angle in the triangle. 24 From a ship sailing due north, the bearing ofa lighthouse Lis N35°E. After the ship has sailed 26 nautical miles, the bearing of Lis S28°e. Excel Preliminary Mathematics Extension 1J Find the distance to L from each point of observation correct to 3 decimal places. Calculate the shortest distance between the lighthouse and the ship's course correct to 3 decimal places. 25 Find the exact value of x 26 Find the value of y é corectto3 significant gures. AK Ls a tems 27 Find the exact area of equilateral triangle POR, where RQ 12 em 28 Two straight roads, AB and AC, are ‘inclined to each other at 54°. Two bike riders begin simultaneously 46 kn, from A and travel along the roads at 36 and 24 km/h respectively. How {ong is it before they are 60 km apart in a direct line? Answer to the nearest minute, kok 29 A boat set sail from Sydney ona bearing of 125° and maintained this course for 70 km. Iethen turned onto 522) a bearing of 160° for a further 90, ee km. How Faris the boat from Sydney? Answer to nearest kilometre, 30 af secar= 2 and ais acute, find the enact | value of cot i bf tane=—3, and 90° < 0 < 180°, find the exact 4 value of cos @ 31 Find all values of 8, 0° < 0 < 360°, where: tan60° —tan30° a = 343tan's asin? x bp cotorz5eco= P=sitt 04 2nd Sin cos Linear functions 34 The point (7,3), (-3, 8) and (2, K ae collinear. Find the value of k 35 Prove that the points (1, 2) and (4, 6) tie on opposite sides ofthe line 2x + 3y - 9 = 0 36 The point M les on the line 3x + 2) ~ 18 = 0. From M, @ perpendicular is dropped down to the x-axis, meeting the seas at N. Ifthe coordinates ofW are (p, 0), ind the coordinates cof M in terms ofp. The triangle bounded by HN, the line 3x + 2y = 18= 0 and the x-axis has an area of 12 units. Find the coordinates of M. 37 Find the equation of the tine through the intersection of the lines 3x ~y-# 2 = 0 and.x- 2y=5 and perpendicular to the line x+ 27-7 =0 ‘BB Find the distance between the lines y= 2 ~ 3x and xyes ‘39 show that the triangle whose sides satisfy the equations x= By 44m 0, ney +190 and 3x ~ Ay + 10= 0's isosceles. 40 The tines y= 245, x4 Shy = 15 and Ay = 3x4 20 are coneurtent. Find 1 Find the equation ofthe line which passes through the point (1, -3) and the point of intersection of 2x ~3y =3 and 3x4 2y=11 42 The line 3x-+ dy ~ k= 0 is a tangent to the cirle x¥ + y?= 16. Find the possible values of k | a 8 b costont 43 A(-1, 4) and B(2, ~1) are points on the number plane. The | 2 tine is perpendicular to AB passing through C(-3, 1) 8 Calculate the distance AB and the gradient of AB. i © a snzo=-— Derive the equation of AB. 22 sinpi © Find the equation of line L Calculate the perpendicular distance of € from AB. 4 sna) teo0'—") Galea these of ange ABC | sin(90"~ 0) cos (360°~ x°) {Find the equation of the circle, centre C, with AB as a tangent. dese __ sina sina dco os 28 Quick Answers and 4080 Sotutions Chapter 1 — Harder Applications of the Preliminary Mathematics Course "Quadratic polynomials and parabolas 44 The roots of x +11" are o.and B. Find a + B* 45 Find m i (2m-+1)x"—(m-+2)e-+1 is a perfect square 46 Sketch the parabola y = a(x- 4) +6 AT if P(x)= x3 + bx +1, find the value(s) of k for which P(x) > 0 for all x 4B Solve: a ox b ax?+5x-2<0 49 1f 3<° —54-+m=0, find mi a x= 2isaroot the rots are reciprocals the sum ofthe roots equals twice their product the roots are real and diferent 5O Express 4x ~ 15x +16 in the form Alx=1) + B(x—1) +6 I Show that x+y! +4x~6y +4 =0 touches both xand yaxes. 52 Soive the inequality x(x~1) <2 ‘53 For the parabola y = x? +6x+6, find the vertex, focus and equation of the directrix, 54 One root of the equation x? + ke +1 =0 is -2, Show that [a 2k- 4 ‘55 Find the values of kif 4x* — fac +9 is always positive. ‘56 Show that 2° 42x" + 4x has exactly one real oot. xed 7 Solve fora: =2 aay 5B a Sketch y=, 1 b The equation hhas roots that are distinc. ae Find the value of k ‘59 Find the equation of the parabola which passes through the points (2,0), (4, 0) and (0, ~4) 6O Find the equations of the two tangents to the circle x! 4 4x-+y? —6y—3=0 which pass through (2, ~1) 61 Find the values of for which the oots of 2h (6k —2)x +1 are reciprocals. 12 62 Prove thatthe parabolas y =2x? +8x—5 and 1 =2° +4x~9 touch eachother, and find the coordinates of the point of contact. Gxt thet Tis 63 The axis of symmetry ofthe parabola y x= 3, Find the value of k. 64 For what values of xis V2x? —3x—2 real? 65 IF cand Bare the roots of 2x? —5x +6 form the @ a8 equation whose raats are Sand = uation whose roots ae 5 and 66 R(0, 2) and 0(4, -2) are two points. The point P moves so that ZRPQ is a right anal. Show that the equation of the locus is a circle, and find the coordinates ofits centre and its radius. Plane geometry » 67 ve aC, ZA0E = Zc0E AD =4 cm, DC=5 cm o a Prove ADBC is isosceles. ot b Find the ratio of AE: EC Xp —“t 68 cA~ EA and DB = BE Prove AB |} CD b Prove EG = GF 69 In the figure, ACis the diagonal ofthe quadrilateral ABCD. BYOK isa pacllelogram and AX = CY ‘ o eA o * a Prove that AB = DC Hence, prove that ABCD isa parallelogram. 70 aac is a trapezium with AB || OC. IFE, FandG are midpoint of 0, BC and AC respectively, prove that: 3 e6} 0c b FGI BA the points €, F and G are collinear ‘The tangent to a curve and the derivative of a function 71 evauate tin X= 72 vate ti, LOH L) +2146 Excel Preliminary Mathematics Extension 173 vifferentiate with respect to x: « e eN9-x TA The tangent at the point R(9, 3) on the curve y=~/x | cuts the y-axis at Q. Find the coordinates of Q. | 75 Find the equation ofthe normal to the cure y= 4x2 — at the point (1, 3) 76 vetermine the equation of the tangent to the curve CAEHT ap ax xed 77 Find the equation ofthe’ tangent to the semi y =N2—¥ at P(3, 4) 7B The tangent to the curve y = bv/x at the point where x9, is inclined at 135° to the positive direction of the “xan, Find the value of b. 79 The parabola y =x? —3 and the line y= 2x meet at P and Q. The tangents to the parabola at P and Q meet at R Find the coordinates of R. | BO Prove thatthe curve y =(x~ 4x" +3x-+8) crosses the | taxis at one point only and find the equation ofthe tangent | at tat point | 8H Go tor det Applications of the Pr (or Quick pen 98 for Wor Chapter 1 — Iminary Mathematics CourseWorked Solutions to Test You MS Harder Prellminary Mat! Basic Arithmetic and Algebra 4-0 =7 ae sart _ 20 t( +1) 2 80 a-(6~a) 7-3 HM 2 Applications of the ematics Course a on Pax henge 8 (x=1)-4(x-1)=0 (e-1? ~4)=0 (1x -2\r+2)=0 (x2) =(x+3)° abet had 46x49 ~10x=5 etegen 8) gn oat aot Equating the powers 3x =2(2x +1) Bx= x42 ax- 4x mre? ™ s=16=0 (8 =a e4)=0 («+ 2\e-2Ye? +4)=0 xe-22 [28 +40 has no ral solutions] ax 2c 2 Multiply through by 2 8S 2~3x52 Subtract 2 “0 <-3x <0 Divide by -3 when + by negative] atx, x20 [ reverse inequality 4 <6. [tiny evan tye] xe” Lasitis always positive bx c6xt 6x? 4x50 2x(x-2)>0 x<0, x>8 Excel Preliminary Mathematics Extension 1° 2-4 nix 2224-4 “BeBe = 442 sx=-2 Test possible solutions Whene=-6, LHS=|-18+2|=|-16 RHS = 2x-6—-4=-16 LS # RAS _ x==6 is not asolution When x=2, axts2|=[32 xd-get 6 US RAS 2 is not asolution <-no solution oe? c [xts|efe—a]ent 7 Consider four cases - Either x45 44-4211 bo axteytvaxny =5+99 ceten anaey : 2x20 ae-y=3 Hh a a aenaye6 or feesjexeeis ie tx : « ax-54x-4211 10 solution Substitute for x int or x454{x-4)ent a42y 9) nd again, no solution _ or fos) endan wxnBaxbhe tt , ax-12 tt nyeh yt ~ax-121 tee titi 7a ntx2 2 xs-6 Aso, 324 326 -2(18)+1 2324-3641 =269 of 20? 44 s-only solution is x = Worked Solutions: Harder applications of the preliminary mathematics course a1Real Functions 1 ro £G+h)-F0)_ aa * * EA) 4 D For|x-2|+|x|<4 afx-2}<4—[x] ‘ve fom the graph, need values of x where y=|x-2] les under y = 4-|x| To find point of intersection we solve |x-2|=4-|+] Of the 4 options, only 2 cases need consideration ithe x-2=6—% or Checking solutions by substituting x = 3 and 4 confims they are corect. efx-2|<4-[x| when -2 1 13 a b For|x—a]0 st, PRAGA by hab hag x<0, x>4 2 ¢ _ 4, [after completin pe (x42) 4(y-2 24 [x peti ‘| b 3x? +5x-250 ithe square (Bx ~1(e+2)s0 Circle with centre (-2,2) and radius 2 -2sxs! - 4 -:equation is a citele which touches x-axis ’ " at (~2,0) and y-axis at (0,2) 49 a axt—sr4meo y Substitute x =2 3(2)" -5(2)+m= 12~10+m=0 2+m=0 m=-2 b roots are a, then of =1 82 eter a = a wax-2<0 n (x-2Xx+2)o, * — hac 4-2k +150 5~4(3)(m)>0 (32k-4 eee 55 If 4x? fx +9 is always postive, thena >0, A>0 ™ a Note that @ = 4>0 mea Now, A=b?~éac hy, 50 4x? ~15x-+16 = A(x ~1)° +8(x-1)4¢ (-k)' ~ 6(49) = AC 2A +A 4 BRB +E 214650 or = Ar +(-2448)+A-8 40 ive. (k-22\(k-+12)>0 By equating coefficients sk ete, k> 12 Ans 56 tx + 4x=0 fio, “2448 2-15 pee vicars act sane B=-7 Now, x=0 or x°+2x44=0 and, A-B+C=16 Let's check x? 42x44, 4=6? —4ac 44740216 =4-4(a)(4) 16-1 = 4-16 Cas =-12 [0 63s of symmetry is ~4k{k-1)>0 n0cket For y= 4x? +ke+7 t 59 Equation of parabola: y = ax? + bee avis of symmety x2 —£ Substitute in(0,-4), -6=040+¢ cas equation is y = ax" + bx —4 Now, substitute in(2,0), 0=a(2)' +6(2)~4 40+2b 4 continued ... Worked Solutions: Harder applications of the preliminary mathematics course @Plane Geometry 67 a 84 Te ice then ax? —ae-250 (2x+1Yr-2)>0 Let ZADE = 4° 65 Now, <0BC=x° [oom 25 equal, |] 8C] =8 Also, ZE0C=x* [given] 2 2600 [alt. 2s equa, De jj ac] and ADBC is isosceles ftwo angles equal] Now, equation is ofthe form 2 ~ (cum of roots)+ + (product of roots)= 0 Here, 4B a? spt Boa op [sides in iose. a} [intercepts in same ratio} Tn AAee, ceo BBE igre eC ED 1 [sive] Aso, 2468's common + aneaiy|aceo [© sites in proportion ] and included angle eu and, AEN8= £200 feo 2 insiar eual] “product of roots «4 AB} €0 {cor 2s equal] etation sa? 4120 b As ABC [provenatove] [siven) [intercepts insame rato) 1x4 12=0 and 66 Gradient PR | 69 an a Gradient PQ c Now, if 2RPa = 90° | a2 2 BN = 200K fat, 2s equal x8 07] ‘hen yse ZARB ZOVC supp. 25] oa Aso, AX= CY [given] (2 y42)=-x(x~4) and XB=DY __[opp. sides of ogram equal] rhe eg AXE = ACID [SAS test] 2° y! = Bich is a ccte with centre (0,0) AB=DC [eon sides of cong As equal] and radius 2V2 units 90 Excel Preliminary MathomalicsExionsion 1bZBAK = Z0cy [oor 28 of cong As equal] » ABIIDC fat. Zs equal] Also AB=0¢ [froma] opp. sides equal + ABCD isa parallelogram niin | 4 70 g Nc fF —_— a LAS none ‘oer ZEAG is common Damas [te sides in rent [and included 2 equal 2 ZAEG= ZADC [cor 2s insinilar As equal] EG|OC [ale 2s equal] 1b Insimilar fashion to part a GF IAB let AGE AD =x? [eorr. Zs equal, £6] OC] 2K [ate. 2s equal 0¢ | AB] [e int. 28 “| GF IAB 2G 5 ARGF = 180° E,G and are collinear The Tangent to @ Curve and the Derivative of a Funetion wn aah (eau tonsa") tig (emake a ta") (ale saree?) 20(a? +0") we 307 4a 3 72 tim F2+A)- FO) ay tim GAH) #22 +) +6 (64446) a tin S44h ht + 442h+6—14 is h t+6n 7 continued ... 73 a (2x-3)--1~(2-x)-2 (ex-3)° BH he ae (ex-3) a (ex-3) © Spey fee | = ax(9- atx? Aoi =20~2)) - Soa)? =2 0-27 [H0-0)=-] =% (0-1) (05-59) % continued . Worked Solutions: Harder applications of the preliminary mathematics course aequation of tangent: Now, substitute x = aon) 1s Substitute 88 gradient of tangent = 8, then gradient of normal equation of normal is x +8y -25=0 76 Substitute ‘the point is (1,12) (@=1)-4- (6x47) 1 Now, ke @-x) =Brdee ore? @-x) 5 (2- vaya yQ-¥ 5 continued 2 78 79 ‘At (1.12), with gradient of tangent = 25 5(x~1) 5x15 equation of tangent equation of tangent is 15x-y~4=0 ~ equation of tangent is 3x-+4y ~25=0 yobs abe Substitute x=9 yet ae Now, if inclined at 135° m=tani35° Pad ' ait ‘continued .. A Excel Preliminary Mathematics Extension 1Solve y=x?-3 and y=2x wt32k we -2e-3=0 («-3)e+2)=0 nea Substitute into y = 2x forP, y(-1)=-2@ -.P(-1,-2) fora, y(3)=6 a(3,6) for yext-3 yint we, y'(a)=-2 _ gradient = -2 at P(-1,-2) ~ equation of tangent at P y+2=-2(x41) ys2=-2x-2 aetyse=0 4 aa y'@)=6 gradient =6 at 0(3.6) -sequation of tangent at Q: y—6=6(x~3) y-6=6x-18 6x-y-12=0 fi Solve 4 and fi simulataneousty vil x-8=0 ax=8 xed Substitute into 4 2tyt4=0 ye £ (1,6) 80 | y=(x-Alxt +3048) Investigate x? 43x48 Awd? ~ 4c 9-48) =9-32 23 Now A<0, a>0 | a2 43x +8 fs positive definite jue x? 43x +80 forall values of x sifor y= (x~ 4x" +3x48)=0 x= =4 4 the only solution crosses x-axis at one paint only | Now, y =(x~ Ax? +3x+8) P43 4 Bea! 1232 | at 4x32 art 2x6 continued At (4,0) (4) 2-4) 4 = 4848-4 52 “tangent at (~4,0): y—0= 52(x +4) y= 50x +208 sax—y +208 =0 equation of tangent at (~4,0) is 52x—y +208 =0 HE Inequalities, Angles and Ratlos toa sos x-2 >1x(x-2 pan? -2) (ot 4 (x 2)> (x2) Bx-6> x aes 7x+10<0 aye (x-5Yx-2)<0 execs b 4 <3 xe xt130 xH1<0 x>-t xed <3 a es et et 43x43 4>3e43 3x43>6 ax43<6 3x> 4-3 Bx<4-3 Bx>4 Beet wot xeh 3 fewhenx>=1 — e.whenx< thenx>4 then x <2 3 3 xt xed 3 xe-tx>4 sash ed c 22 -4 eae («= 4) x 2 ax(x—4) 2x(x 4) 2 2x4) 2x? 8x2 2x 16432 bx232 x24 But, x- 440 26 i.e the solution is x > 4 Worked Solutions: Harder applications of the preliminary mathematics course 8