I HC BCH KHOA H NI

-B mn k thut o v tin hc cng nghip ----

Ti: M phng h thng si m trung tri

Ging vin hng dn: GS. TS Phm Th Ngc Yn

Nhm sinh vin thc hin:
Nguyn Vn Thnh

20122512 HTTT&TT

Nguyn Minh Sang

20122325 THCN

H Ni 05/2015

Trc tin xin chn thnh cm n gio s phm th ngc yn nhit tnh gip chng
em v mt kin thc hon thnh ti ny.
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti gp khng t kh khan trc tr nhng bng long nhit
huyt ca mnh nhm hon thnh c ti ng thi hn vi mong mun sn
phm c th gp sc ci thit c nng xut chn nui ca cc ch trang tri nhm
nghin sinh vin chng em xay dng ti si m trung tri s dng n si t v
h thng cm bin.
Cng dng ca h thng l khi nhit trong trung xung di mc cho php (25C)
H thng s t ng bt n si.
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Cm bin s nhn bit nhit v gi tn hiu iu khin sau p ng li tn hiu t
cm bin h thng bt tt c cc n c lp t chiu sang
Trong qu trnh lm vic do cn thiu kinh nghim v kin thc nn sn phm cha t
c chc nng tt nht mong ngi s dng nhn bit sai st ca h thng v gi
kin ng gp v hm th: chazo1994@gmail.com

Nhn thy trong tnh hnh cng nghip ha hin i ha th chn nui v sn xut nng
nghip cn lc hu v t ng dng khoa hc k thut vo chn nui sn xut. Do vy
nhm em quyt nh chn ti M phng h thng si m trung tri gp
cht sc gip ngi chn nui ci thin nng sut lao ng, gim thiu nhng di do
thin nhin. c bit khi nhn thy nhiu trng hp gia sc gia cm vt nui ca b con
vng ni ty bc cht rt nhiu trong ma rt vy nn mong mun c gip sc nh
cho mi ngi vt qua kh khan thi thc chng em chn ti ny vi mong mun
em ci m n mi ni!
H thng si m trung tri hot ng trn nguyn tc khi nhit di 25C cm bin
nhit nhn bit thng tin gi v h thng v h thng iu khin bt tt n

CHNG I: S khi tng quan v mch o...03

CHNG II: Cc thit b chnh dng trong mch o 03
CHNG III : Tnh ton v thit k mch o.05
1.L thuyt tng quan..05
2. s mch o ca ton b qu trnh thit k dng m phng protues.10
Kt lun v hng pht trin10

2
Nhm Pht trin CLC K57

CHNG I: S KHI TNG QUAN V MCH O

1, S nguyn l chung ca mch o:
_ mch o gm c 4 khi c bn :
1, khi cm bin
2, mch khuch i
3, mch so snh
4, khi chiu sng
Bn v s khi nguyn l mch o :
T0

Cm bin

U t

Khuch i
in p

Mch so
snh

Khi chiu sng

2, Chc nng ca cc khi trong mch o :

a, Khi cm bin : khi cm bin c chc nng bin i cc tn hiu khng in
thnh tn hiu in thnh tn hiu in tng ng. y ta dng cm bin nhit in
tr kim loi chuyn i tn hiu nhit sang tn hiu in p.
b, Khi khuch i : c chc nng khuch i tn hiu in t cm bin a ti, v
tn hiu in do cm bin a ra thng l rt b nn ta phi khuch i ln a
vo cc mch in khc.
c, Mch so snh : c tc dng so snh tn hiu a ra t khi khuch i a ra
khi sau. Vic so snh tn hiu s c ng dng cho mch cnh bo khi c s qu
nhit .
d, khi chiu sng : bt n chiu khi nhit xung thp
l cc khi c bn dng trong mch o v cnh bo nhit dng nhit in tr
kim loi.
Chng II : cc thit b chnh dng trong mch o
1, cm bin:
Hin nay c rt nhiu loi cm bin nhit thng dng hin nay m ta thng
dng : _ cp nhit ngu
_ nhit in tr kim loi
_ IC cm bin nhit
3
Nhm Pht trin CLC K57

Trong bi ny ta s s dng cm bin l nhit in tr kim loi. C th ta s dng

nhit in tr platin loi c tuyn tnh theo nhit cao, in tr sut cao, chng
oxy ha, nhy cao, di nhit o di.
2, b khuch i thut ton A 741:trong phm vi bi ny ta s s dng khch i
thut ton khuch i in p a ra t cm bin v dng trong b so snh a
ra khi cnh bo cho mch o.
Hnh nh thc t ca b khuch i thut ton :

3, in tr :

Hnh dng ca in tr trong thit b in t.

K hiu ca in tr trn cc s nguyn l.

3, R le:

5, ngun cp cho mch :

Ngun 5v,12v,2.5v mt chiu v xoay chiu 220v

4
Nhm Pht trin CLC K57

Chng III : Tnh ton v thit k mch o

1, l thuyt tng quan :
a, tnh chn cm bin :
S dng nhit in tr kim loi v di o t
0- 100 0C ta i tnh v la chn cm bin.
C th trong bi nay ta i s dng nhit in tr Pt100 nhit in tr c tuyn
tnh cng tng i v in tr Ro ti 00C l 100 sau y l chi tit v cm bin
nhit Pt100cu to can nhit Pt100
L cm bin nhit pt100 c cu to l mt nhit in tr RTD ( RTD-Resistance
Temperature Detector ):Nguyn l hot ng nhit in tr da trn s thay i
nhit dn n thay i in tr
Rt = R0 ( 1 + t)
Rt : in tr nhit t
R0 : in tr 0 C
: H s ca nhit in tr
can nhit pt100
p ng ca RTD khng tuyn tnh nhng n c n nh v chnh xc rt cao,
do vy hay c dng trong cc ng dng yu cu chnh xc cao. N thng c
dng trong khong nhit t -250 n +8500. Can nhit pt100 l k hiu thng
c s dng ni n RTD vi h s alpha=0.00391 v R0=100 Ohm.
Nh vy in tr ca di o tng ng l 00C l 100 v 1000C l 139 .
Sau y ta i kho st mch o dng cm bin Pt100

R1

R3
i1

i3

Ucc
A

R2

Rcb
Ura
C

Tnh ton cho mch cu o: Ura = Uba= Ubc+Uca = RcbI3+R2I1

Ura=

.12.3
.
(3+).(1+2)

Ura=0 RcbR1=R2R3
cu cn bng
V c Rcb nn cu 1 nhnh hot ng Rcb= R0+R
Thng chn R1=R2=R3=R0
5
Nhm Pht trin CLC K57

Ura=
v R0 b hn so vi R nn ta lp thm in tr tha mn
4
cu cn bng (R= 39)
.

Ura=
chn Ra = R+R0
4
Vi nhit in tr platin Pt100 ta chn R= 1k nh vy mi Ra s l 1,1k thay
V gii hn u ra l t 0-10 V nn ta chn ngun cung cp Ucc= 5( V )

R1

R3
i1

i3

Ucc
A

R2

Rcb
Ura
R

Khi nhit tng t 0-1000C th R = 39

.

395

Thay vo cng thc :

Ura=
=
= 0,04875V
4
41000
Vy di in p ra ca U l t 0- 0,04875 V
Tn hiu ra ny thng khng chun nn ta cho qua b khuch i thut ton
tang cng tn hiu ln v ln.
b, mch khuch i o lng :
tn hiu u ra c chun ha ta dng b khuch i thut ton o vi h k
c tnh nh sau : U t 0- 0,04875 V
Ura t 0-10V
Suy ra k= 10:0,04875= 205,13
S mch khuch i o lng :

6
Nhm Pht trin CLC K57

Vy in p ra c xc nh bi biu thc vi iu kin bnh thng l

R4R7=R5R6
Uo= Ung.

5
4

.(

2+ 3
1

+ 1)

Vi U0= 10V v Ung=Ura= 0,381 V ta c :

5
4

.(

2+ 3
1

+ 1) =

10
0,04875

= 205,13

Chn R4= R5 = R6 = R7 = 1k
Vy ta c :

2+ 3
1

+ 1 = 205,13

R2+ R3
R1

= 204,13 R2 + R3 = 205,13R1

Chn R2=100k ; R3= 105,13k vy R1=1k

Nh vy vi di o nhit t 0 1000C ta s dng mch cu o cng vi nhit
in tr platin a c tn hiu khng in l nhit thnh tn hiu in l
in p. V s dng b khuch i thut ton , khuch i tn hiu ln ging chun
yu cu m bi cho . tip tc a ra khi hin th , khi so snh cnh bo
tn hiu.
c, mch so snh
c tn hiu cnh bo theo ng nhit m mnh mun ta cn phi chuyn i
tn hiu t nhit sang in p. Nh vy ta cn dng mch so snh so snh
vi tn hiu m ta t a ra tn hiu cnh bo.
Mch so snh c nhim v so snh 1 in p vo vi mt in p chun U trong
mch so snh ch c tn hiu ra ch c 2 mc, mc in p cao v mc in p thp
ngha l khi Ui< U th in p ra in p ra : Ura gn =0 V
Khi in p ra mc cao Ui> U th in p ra khc 0

7
Nhm Pht trin CLC K57

U0
Uimax

Uimin
U
Da vo yu cu ta thit k mch so snh da trn mch triggert smith

Vi mch trn ta xt di u vo Ui>=0 nn vi Ui<Vth th in p ra v0=L+

Khi Ui>Vth n p ra v0=LTnh chn in p t :
Nhit ca gi tr cnh bo : Td =25 0C
Thay vo cng thc Rt = R0 ( 1 + t) vi = 0.00391 thay vo biu thc ta c :
Rt= 100( 1+0,00391.25)=109,775
.

Thay vo cng thc : Ura=

ta c in p t
4
Ur= (109,775-100).5/4000 = 0,0122 V
Vy in p t cho b so snh l : U= Ur.k= 0,0122*205,13= 2,5 V
Theo yu cu t<25C th bt n vy nn Ui<2,5 th n s sang (1)

8
Nhm Pht trin CLC K57

T in p t v yu cu trn ta i tnh ton thit k v b so snh :

Khi Ui<Vth th v0=L+ diode phn cc thun c dng i qua

Khi U1>Vtn th v0=L- diode phn cc ngc khng c dng i qua
Theo yu cu (1) ta c Vth=2,5 hay
(L+)*R1/(R1+R2)=2,5
Vi L+ l in p t vo op amp ta chn = 12v (l do gii thch phn sau)
3,8*R1=R2
Chn R1=1k
R2=3,8k
(ch thich R1=R12 v R2=R13)
in th ra khi b so sang V0=12v khi Uv<2,5 v V0=0 khi Uv>2,5
V khi Uv<2,5 in p ra ca mch trigger smith<0 do diode phn cc ngc v
khng cho dng i qua
Khi V0=0 r le khng c c
Ur

+Ucc

0
Uv
2,5
Nguyn l hot ng ca mch so snh c th hin hnh trn
d) mch chiu sng

9
Nhm Pht trin CLC K57

S dng r le ng ct
R le nhn in th kick l t in th ra ca mch so snh
V0 l in th ra ca mch so snh
V0=12 v r le c cp dng v hiu in th lm mch chiu sng thnh mch
kn v n sang
V0=0 r le khng hot ng mch h n tt

2. s mch o ca ton b qu trnh thit k dng m phng protues :

Kt Lun v Hng Pht trin:

H thng hon thnh sm thi hn quy nh
m bo cc tiu ch v k thut ca mn hc
C kh nng ng dng
Vn cn nhiu sai st v cha lng trc c sai s thc t.
Hng pht trin: m rng tnh nng thm kh nng iu khin qut gi, thay mch
diu khin bng cch s dng vi x l

10
Nhm Pht trin CLC K57