IPT S Pipe Trades Handbook Lee 1999 PDF

ISBN 0-920855-18-0 ates SEE v 1u3804 a3 VacaaMWH SaCuesL IPT’S = PIPE TRADES HANDBOOK ROBERT A. LEE olied BOOKS PUBLISHED BY IPT om tite METAL TRADES ee raves Fed feral FASTENERS aa coe AND RIGGING eee feo ee EQUIPMENT IT's METAL TRADES TRAINING MANUAL IPT's INDUSTRIAL TRADES TRAINING MANUAL IPT’s INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS ‘TRAINING MANUAL IPT’s CRANE AND RIGGING TRAINING MANUAL IPT’s PIPE TRADES TRAINING MANUAL IPT’'s ELECTRICAL TRAINING MANUAL IPT’s ROTATING EQUIPMENT ‘TRAINING MANUAL IPT’s PIPE TRADES HANDBOOK by ROBERT A. LEE published by IPT PUBLISHING AND TRAINING LTD. BOX 9590, EDMONTON ALBERTA, CANADA T6E 5X2 Phone (403) 962-4548 Fax (403) 962-2819 Toll Free (888) 808-6763 Gap Printed in Canada by ‘THE JASPER PRINTING GROUP LTD. EDMONTON, ALBERTA, CANADA =>‘The material presented in this publication has been prepared from recognized trade practices and is for general information only. in areas of ertical importance the user shculd secure competent engineering advice with respect to the suitability of the information contained herein and comply with the variou standards, regulations or any other pertinent legal obligation. Anyone utilizing ‘this information assumes all responsibilty and liability arising from such u author and publishers disclaim all responsibilty of any incident arising from use cof material contained herein. FIRST PRINTING, December 1991 ‘SECOND PRINTING, April 1993 THIRD PRINTING, March 1995 FOURTH PRINTING, Seplembor 1997 ISBN 0-920855-18.0 COPYRIGHT © 1991 Allrights reserved, No part ofthis work covered bythe copyright herean may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means - grapio, electric, ormechenical, including photocopyir, racrsing taping, or information storage and retioval systoms without he writen permiceion ofthe publisher. Acknowledgements ‘The authors and publisher express thelr sincere appreciation to the following for their assistance in developing this pubication: = ‘The Jasper Printing Group = Mlustrations: tan Holmes. =Ted Leach ~ Shawn Morgan Computer Graphics, - David Cimesa (Hammond indiana), President ad Founder of Industrial Trades In-House Training Member of ANSI, AWS, and United Association Local 597OTHER BOOKS PUBLISHED BY IPT: __INDEX a ‘SECTION ONE - PIPE DATA Pipe Identfication IPT’'s METAL TRADES HANDBOOK =—_—IPT's METAL TRADES TRAINING MANUAL IPT's INDUSTRIAL TRADES IPT's INDUSTRIAL TRADES HANDBOOK THAINING MANUAL {PT's INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS 1PT's INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS HANDBOOK TRAINING MANUAL IPT's PIPE TRADES HANDBOOK IPT's PIPE TRADES TRAINING Ree hee Pt Sees MANUAL Copper & Red Base Pipe Sizes 0, 57.58 IPT’s CRANE AND RIGGING IPT’s CRANE AND RIGGING i HANDBOOK TRAINING MANUAL IPT’s ELECTRICAL HANDBOOK IPT's ELECTRICAL TRAINING MANUAL IPT’s ROTATING EQUIPMENT IPT’'s ROTATING EQUIPMENT HANDBOOK TRAINING MANUAL ‘Thermoplastic Temperaiu Plastic Selection & Usage ....INDEX! : : r _INDEK iii ABS Pre. Ls 72 DWVIACR Tube coe 9606; sieapanion c= Plog Vanes PVC Pipe ceed IC} 97.98 ~ gtcwesge tev Cubsicatod Plug Vahe -. PVC Pipe. 73 104 ‘Multiport | Plug Velve Arrangements: PE Pipe 7 00 ter Safty Vales PP Pipe SILI Tipe Spectators tre) 2 ‘Vahe End ConnoctinVarinions PE Pipe. 4 Sihtabe 3 ‘Valve Bonnet Assendies PVE Pee % od Yate Socrattirnemions ATRP Phe. ee 8 06 Tivoaded Bonnet Savent Cemering 7578 os Uno Bonnet reading laste Pipe 2.22.28 08 Grooved Plate Jons <2... Fe 08 Flanged Plastic Joints ............ 79,80 13 ‘Welded Bonnet Graing Plasto Joms00.000.. 80 08 dining ATR Pipe : 1 BendingNeer Fitings 08 08 SECTION TWO - TUBE DATA Recommended Wall Thickness. Tube ve Pipe... 84 Bending Steps ‘Structural Tube . 85,84 #2 Vegtee Bene Mechanical Tube... . 2 24 Bending Length Increase. ‘ Pressure Tube ‘66-87 Swagelok Fitting installation ‘Air Operated | Pinch Vaive BWG Gage 6 SECTION THREE - VALVES Diaphragm Valve evens BO Coe ae ee ees Ba ae ere ecctvae Sat terest ret ae <7 oma ne pgs AT aes Se Pereraw | moex Thangs Mote Ganon a Forged See Threaded Fings Cast Iron Threaded | je ‘SECTION SIX - PIPE OFFSETS {Gonsant Multiplier Calculation “Trigonometry Otfset Calculation iti Allowance = ‘Conrugated Spiral Wound Gasket Flew | inpex INDEX Layout 16 Dusion Two Pece Miter - 290,290 Latin Cain Tern 380 FipeT0 90 Degree iow “Tee Layout Sacdle in ing Down the Equipment 320 Degree Elbow Fitup 45 Degree Elbow Fup Pots Flange tur Shall ameter Poesia (impiie) = ‘Tee Layout ~ Sacdie On (impli) Lateral Layout (Simplified) (Orange Peel Cap... ‘Wye Template Development ‘Single Line Orthographic Spot... 368 ‘SECTION TEN — PIPE WELDING Oxygen & Cytinders Acetylene & Cylinder DowecgnonolPpe Drawings... 852 OnrAcotyene Sate Sep Tee t0°ipe FitUP 5 379 Pipe Aignmmert With Two Squares|_ Pipe Manufacturing PIPE DATA L_Pipe Manufacturing in ‘Both continuous welded and electnc resist- sei up? eect lance welded pipe aremadeby shapingralls FONE FUSE ( of coiled stee! called" skelp' into cylinarical Dining insteiatons. ‘rated by the steel’s resistance to an elec- Hee roe maj methods of manufacturing wie, cutrent that is pasted through the steel pipe are referred to as: ‘+ Type F, Fumace butt welded or Continu- ous weided pipe += Type E, Electric resistance welded pipe ‘= Type, Seamless pipe Note Another method of manutecturing steel pipe classified as lap welding has been replaced by the electric resistance welding method. seam.PIPEDATA ___1_ Pipe Manufacturing anette ta fer Set Cares ug Rtg Ma kx Redan Barwee ru Spe te sat facturing of continuous welded pipe. ‘Seamless Pipe ‘There are two common methods of producing seamless pipe: ‘Hot Rotary Piercing > Extrusion Process Method Hot rotary piercing is the most common method of producing seamless pipe. inthis process. heavy rollers rotate and advance Fe bili of metal ever 8 mandrel ioe Ingplup. The preg plugproduens hele Ahrough the seamless cyindncal bets. St further reduction, sizing, ana shepi fied out on the pipe by other mill rollers. IMstration #4A and #4B displays the piercing and mil processes on seamless pipe Inthe extrusion process, hot billets of metal are formedintoseamless pipe by forcing the billets through an extrusion die and over a forming mandrel. This forms the metal into the desired seemless oylindrical shape.6]_PIPEDATA Pipe Manutacturing PIPEDATA \_ National & International Standards {7 ae eee Sa ASTIM A211 SpialWelced Steel or Ii In addition tc the previously mentioned mn iy S ‘Stanc is ications ice teel of Iron Licnng: kore larger tons for pipe and tubo aro fisted in (Fable #1) Pipe leciic fusion (rc) ble H. ‘APLAMERICAN PETROLEUM ‘ASTM A312 Seariemn anc Weed Aus yx. INSTITUTE Note: Many of the standards and speciti- ‘ASTM A333 Seamioss and Welded Steel celcns Cnespond beteen counties APTSL, Line Pipe Pipe tor Low-Temperctun my ‘API SLX. High Test Line Pipe ASTM A335 Si aoe ‘API SLS Spiral Weld Line Pipe Pipe tor High-Te 5 ASTM-AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR ASTM A358 TESTING AND MATERIALS ‘Austenitic Chr feerighe tom ASTHASO Weld na Seaion Sus! fSriPhay Caan ins : P4108 Seamless Carbon Ste! Pipe Forged and, Bored Pipe ‘or High: ‘Keto and open curl the pale ino cyte for tig Temperature Service Tamporaure Serice te trical shaped pipe. The welding then is done , ASTM A120 Black and Hot Dipped Zine JOA dae path aro SIoog the spel cca ofthe pe. See Ho g Bie fo Hig Temperature Conve ta tration #5 for examples of seamless and i Se et tlelalaroWeliod Stoel Pipe seam welded pipe. C4 for High-Pressure Systems Pipe Standards and Specifications ASTM A405 Seamess Fenttic Alloy Steet aus Pipe Specially Heat Treated tor. High: ‘ASTM A139 ElecticFusion (Arc}Weldea Temperature Service Stee Piata Pipe (Size 4 in. and Over) maton #5 Scones and Se Welt FineI 8, PIPEDATA National & international Standards PIPE DATA 7 National & international Standards, io ‘ASTM A714 High Strength Low-Alloy ~ National & International Pipe ‘CSA-CANADIAN STANDARD Welded and Seamiess Steal Pipe Standards & Specifications ASSOCIATION ASTM A731 Soamless and Welded Feriic (Table #1 Cont'd) CSA 2245.1 Stool Line Pipe ASTM Ad09 Welded Large Diameter Stainless Ce Pipe Wokded Fort BS-BRITISH STANDARDS CSA 2245.2 High Strength Stee! Line Pipe ‘Austenitic Steel Pipe for Corrosive or High- Temperature Service ASTM A430 Austenitic Steel Forged and Bored Pipe for High Temperature Service ASTM A523 Plain End Seamless end Elec- ‘tic-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe for High Pressure Pipe-Type Cable Circuits ASTM A524_Seamless Carbon Stee! Pipe for Process Piping ASTM A530 Goneral Requirements for Pipe for Atmospheric and Lower Tempera- tures: ASTM A672 Electtic Fusion Welded Stes! Pipe lor High-Pressure Service at Moderale ‘Temperatures ASTM ABS Carbon and Alloy Stee! Pipe. Electric-Fusion- Welded tor High-Pressure ‘Service at High Temperatures: ticfAustenitic Stainless Steol Pipe ASTM A795 Black and Hol-Dipped Zinc Coated (Galvanized) Welded and Seamless Pipe for Fire Protection AWWA-AMERICAN WATER WORKS: ASSOCIATION AWWA C200 Stee! Wate: Pipe, 6 Inches and Larger AWWA C203 Standard for Coa-Tar Enamel Protective Coatings for Steel Water Pipe AS-AUSTRALIAN STANDARD AS 1450 Steel Tubes for Mechanical Purposes AS 1835 Seamless Stool Tubes for Pres- ‘sure Purpose AS 1836 Welded Steet Tubes lor Pressure Purpose ‘BS 1387 Steel Tubes and Tubulars BS 3059 Stoel Goler and Supertwater Tubes BS 3600 Dimensions and Masses per Unit Length o' Welded and Seamless Stee! Pipes ‘and Tubes for Pressure Purposes: Metric Units BS 3602 Steel Pipes and Tubes for Pres- sure Purgoses Carbon Steel: High Temper- ‘ture Duties BS 3603 Stool Pipes and Tubes for Pres- ‘sure Purvoses Carbon and Alloy Steet. Low ‘Temperature Duties BS 3604 Steel Pipe and Tubes for Pres- ‘sure Purposes Low and Medium-alloy Steet BS 3605 Specification for Steel Pipe and Tubes for Pressure Purposes Austenitic Stainless Stee! 1BInches and Larger in| CSA 2245.3 Low Stonath Stoe! Line Pioe Less Than '18 Inchesin Diameter CSA 2245.4 Low Stength Stee! Line Pipe ‘Bnches and Larger in Diameter CSA 7245.5 High Strength Steel Line Pipe Loss Than 18 inchesin Diameter meter DIN-DEUTSCHE NORMEN (GERMANY) DIN 1615 Welded Circular Unalloyed Stee! “Tube not Subject to Special Requirements. DIN 1626 Welded Sice! Pipesin Unalioyed ‘and Low Alloy Stoo! for Supply Purposes DIN 1629 Seamless Tubes in Unalloyed Steels DIN 1630 High Performance Seamless Circular Unalloyed Stee! Tubes.10|_PIPEDATA National & Intemational Pipe Standards & Specifications (Table #1 Contd) DIN 2440 Stoel Tubes Medium-weight Suitable for Threading DIN 2441 Stoel Tubes Heavy-weight Suit able for Treading pes for Pipelines forthe “Transport of Combustible Fluids and Gases ‘Seamless Stool Tubes for Ele vated Temperatures DIN 17177 Elecrical Resistance or induc. tion Welded ‘Steel Tubes for Elevated “Temperatures GOST-USSR SPECIFICATIONS Tubes Range GOST 10704 Electric Welded Stee! Tubes GOST 10705 Specification tor Delivery of Electric- Wolded Stoel Tubes of 6-590 mmin Diameter National & Internationa! Standards ISO-INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION 10S 65 Steel Tubes Suitable for Screwing in accordance with International Standards 180 7/1. JIS-JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS IS 3441 Alloy Steet Tubes for Machine Purpose HS G3442 Galvanized Steel Pipe for Water Service JIS 3443 Coating Steel Pipe for Water Service JIS 3445, Carton Stee, Tubes for Machine ‘and Structur SIS G3446 Stee! Tubes for ipe for Water Service JIS G3452 Carbon Stee! Pipes for Orc- nary Piping __ pIPEDATA “National & International Pi Sfandards & Specifications (Table #1 Cont'd) JIS 63484 Carbon Steel Pipes for Pres re Services {fs 69425 Caron Stee! Pipes for High Proceure Service WS G3457 Electric Arc-Welded Carbon Stoel Pipe BS.G3458 Alloy Stool Pipes {FS 43459 Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes 5 Gato Stee! Pies for Lew-Tempore- ue Servce {9S G34E7 Carbon Steel Boiler and Heat- Exchanger Tubes US G34E2 Alloy Steel Boiler and Heat: IS G3464 Stoo! Heat Exchanger Tubes for Low Temperature Service 4S G3473 Carbon Slee! Tubes for Cylin- ‘er Barrels |_ Standards/Pipe Characteristics pipe are shown in in LA-LLOYD’S REGISTER OF SHIPPING Pressure Pipes Boller and Superheater Tubes Welded Pressure Pipes Ferritic Stee! Pressure Pipes for Low Temperature Sorvioe Austenitic Stainless Steel Pressure Pipes Pipe Properties & Characteristics istes of AST (89) ened A (5) spocihed #2|_Pipe Characteristics ___PIPEDATA : Weights & Schedules ~ weights and Schedule Numbers. 42] PIPEDATA Pipe Characteristics ‘reieai Compostion and Tensile Sensi oF welghs or Pipe des and fittings therefore remain Grate Rond Grade 8 Steet ipe ions same for specie sees of pipe, no matter somehandre What the weight. Because ofthe variation Bam Stona Shor xt voay/cay. ining donete pn seston it men = Double Extra Strong (XXS)or Double extra (Bam) tor12 neha aa |esipation forte | Peavy OH). teehee ee eee rene. Note: Designations of Strong and Heavy DY the actual inside diameter. Nominal re interchangeable in the weight class i feations. Light wall, ight wei ‘may te refer Even tnougnstee! pipe is Ct n ie © Nole: The weight classification denotes 2 ile and les ihewall thickness of the pipe. Forany pipe size, the utside diameter is constantond ihe inside diameter varies with tho wall thickness.14,_PIPEDATA Schedule Numbers/Design _pIPEDATA | Schedule Numbers 15 ‘Schedule Numbers & Pipe Weights Generally, double extra heavy pipe up to 8 ~ gchedule Numbers inches. (150 mn) has. tveker wall than ‘Some schedule numbers and weight classi fications of steel pipe have the same wall thickness. Wall thicknesses for standard ‘weight pipe and schedule 40 are the same forsizes 1/8 inch (6 mm) through to 10 inches ‘over 10 inches (250 mmm) have & wall thickness, of 38 inches ( ‘Whereas, schedule 40 pipe has a wail ness thai varies depending upon the Ular size over 10 inches (250 tm. Pipe sizes up to 8 inch (200 mm) in extra heavy and schedule 80 have ‘dimensions. Over 8 inches (200 heavy pipe hss a constant wall thicknoss of ‘a ich {12.7 mam), wnereas tne Wal tr ness fr schedule 89 pipe varies depending on size, ‘There is no exact corresponding schedule ‘umber for double exira heavy pipe. wail thickness, schedule number 8nd pipe weights. General Piping Design ‘An approximation of the required echedule ‘number, wall thickness, and maximum internal’ pressure for general design pur oges can be determined by using the fr mulas: 1. Sonegule umber = 1000» 2, Wall Tholness = (P>D] (R8 Bo 3. Pressure = 2x8 T= Nominal Pipe Sze (NPS) 1 inch (25mm ) C6-E ASAE Strain wh Schade 0160 13s Guana) 13 ann ro Dora VSI Bane) TT Caray Se Ga a © 01 BFR) GAG Gimw)—OFFT Many ORT Gorey Ome uIaMA) a Tucees - 20H Der ee Dene meron #8 Wal Tichoeas ed Sena ues16! _PIPEDATA_ __ Pipe Design/Sizes __ pIpEDATA ‘General Piping Design Other criterta such as corrosion, temper. “The explanation below relates tothe form: las on the previous page p= os 8 Sess valueingst oe é forthrcating ad groevng 7 es ranging rom 8 rh (050), The Genera! Atowance For Threading Pipe Size APS) Alowance VEUSnimposeezomm 7 AS rm) 1425 mma) 102160 mm) ‘0606"(1.77 rm) 2112 (65 am) andtarger .1000(2.54 mm) Strese values may be found in manutac- Se ar manele, otic nina pip szes re Dasedon svat (0) IP ehouid be noted thet the formula oF fj , SSS For apectie” hes, dimension ——— page 14 fon appronimere caculaton 7 FO} apecilic ses, dimensions, a. srrmue is imcamaina a SSSI oni. ed pe ter fo abloe Ws (para |_—meeaero ner sea pipe cof aa eT tere ‘actual and nominal pipe sizes.ts og PRON 8 Ye RL (eunson pas remay) Sans odia ASSeEREBUENBEsc i | SSgseaseeegess, VivGadid 8b wivaadis (Grd mcyunung ek ve eee [ab ! ‘Suojsteund édig rexieduy | 6rNS ANO WEIGHTS STEEL PPE DERE OWS viwaadid [Oz a8 335|Ra3 Suorsuauig odia rewedut | gaga0eab088 { 5 i 4 is F 8 i ‘wivasdla aaaliff BbaRERRGE eau exomnaya ods os —258 ae GGSRRBERG RURSRARRREORESRSEGS BESGGGSREE 3: Tei Diranean need en ANG AS EGE IOUS Sarat wy| STEELPIPEDINENSIONS AND WEIGHTS | Mera (eve) mona os 5 88 evel fi ijididraiae vivaadid | zz 5 ‘suojsuswiid edid ieneduy | vy ouromna sy 384 ‘suosuawid edig jeveduy 7 vivasdid ~ (Nie Osioncneosedon ANSVAGNE BG 10 1065Sandre —] |__ ee[STEEL BIPE DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS] pera on nt esoping tha 50 wivaadld [= ‘suopuswig odig (nd) svn ot D6 auesueWg adja ieiieduy | 5 | Be te | $2 | met fats ‘ae: Dionns bese en ANSVASNE D9 IOWI065 Sneed 32‘STEEL PIPE DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS ‘impor Vivdadid [9z (md suomumuna va iso, suis tebie Sucisuawlig edig eyed ie: Biers bse on NASW BE OWE Sarge] 4‘STEEL FIPE DIVENSIQNS AND WEIGHTS (evn) son ss ei ¥80 oe vavasdid |e ‘SuO;SsuBUNIG Stig jevedua vivasdid 3 2 SuosuaUgadig ened | Tai Diensrs eed on ANSIASUE B.8 GHTGBS Sanaa 62]‘STEEL PIPE DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS oer Vivaadid [oe # SUEY FRET SuiTEREER EES? “Suojsuauiig edid (et eo) | E i 11 [is 38/8, 33) 3/8) 93] odlaglea eS i Hi td fi vivasaid ~ (rn) suomi 2805 Yeo Sas|ideslesleeiza| tiifiass ‘SuoIsuaWIG adig SuieRy 2H gas {Nie Onianan bance onanism 1é |(2a svqning shoms —306 (oon) euysorang stg 0-8 em ‘STEEL PIFE DIMENSIONS ANO MASS (WEIGHT) Vivdadid [ve gaz SuosuewiC edi eR | SroisuouG oda LEH | an acd on ANSVAENED 3 ONO Dvd] | seove esqoong sg = 400 mem, (ey) ssrrnana sts oR oe sebeae|eauaeteeTcanESoaGasaasesaceaaslsceaseeeesligl Feng on ANGUASWED 96 OI1E85 Sarda 3 3(oss esena en He RL a) soning sh wo, vases on a ‘STEEL PIPE DIMENSIONS AND WASS (WEIGHT) sel gangaiea? aE wivaadld |e ‘suorsawia did HaM aessesaaagaseasess|: iy Suojsuaung adig Tei Drrder sd on ANSVASUE 6.5 6 Str ee[STEEL FIFE DIMENSIONS ANO WASS (WEIGHT) f i i fen (een) svoma sda FoF tasaavannantenaaail viwaadid ] oF 23 5 saa8 ‘Suojsusung odig neVy (eo amu eh 6-08 vivaadid si9(sualaig odie a1neH | |‘STEEL PIFE DIMENSIONS AND MASS (WEIGHT) Wivaadid [Zr (oi) stoma tt ens 100 eR ‘SuoisuaunG adig SISA sinouerodd | Seete wivaadid ~ £2 pospay zat d UEMEERE He eras Wena? tical a pete” syieedi ice) gaat pepe gp pee i 3 Sagexk i f Ge |p eS Weinig puSABUST odd ses of Luts md - Le vontneng pia pean 3 peo, m3 ea 3 apes, ey44|_PIPEDATA |_PipeEndFinish ppp DATA, |_ Pipe Identification & Marking 45 for extra evong ang Pipe ldentification and Merking tion Nunber; ASTM specitica Couplings supplied tra_strong, jipe is available in numerc Ne a legura dogo aro taper trodes SPS aati mrs mane its pipewas ordered in ped) and ruceseed Kor oll ines, Saul lengths. jon to the aove marking, certain — ire caseticabors aay require pipe 8, Taper eppod Causing FIPS ee br qhe American Society for Testing and Ein SoStew hein Ein Salt poe terials (ASTI) requ pipe nage einer szecfications to be labeled with the fcllow- An example of AST marking on pipe is ing: ‘given in illustration #9 = | + Manufacturer's Name trademark or brand, | Rene "may be used) ee a ——vOrs P= Fumace butt welded, continuous welded recs gig tt i sim vam = Blt reistance walded ae Sheela ye, & = Deckers mraten 400 "eper Taped end Receesd Coping * Weight Of Pipe: Std, XS., oF XS.as) PIPEDATA |_ Pipe Identification & Narking |_ Pipe Identification & Marking ~_peenATA muerte pel AST Pipe Marg ‘© Grade: API's grades use numbers follow ing letters t0 indicate minimum yield strength = Buttwoia SW = Spiral Type o Steck Fe Electret : . = FeRephosph 11)no + Hycrosttic Test Freseure: i applicable. marking required for open hearth ot ‘An example of CSA narking on pipe is given basic-oxygen steel inillustration #11.|_ Identification/Finishing/Galvanized __ DATA | Coated Pipe/Wroughtiron las . pIPEDATA = | 4s|_pweoat Gorrosion Protective/Lined and ree dimnasam ote Pipe sot ost span, wien — tre, The mene #11 CSA Pipe Marking Note: Pipe marking may vary depending upon specific pipe specification require- ‘ments within cach standard. * Pickled and Oiled Galvanizing Zine’ one of the most common types of cor rosin, some are also used to improve flow characrerstics within the piping system. Fosion protective coatings Given tostee| pipe Wrought Iron Pipe Gavan argon steel pipe whe The material clessfication of wrought on ‘3% by ‘was believed to give the pipe an added resistance b corrosion. However, ‘steel pipe has generally proven to be equal to wrought iron inwinistanding cor is less expensive tc produce. Because of ‘these factors, wreught iron pipe is no longer commericaly produced, however itis stil encountered in existing installa id weigit per f., its wall thick- tly large to compensate for the ity.[51 pIPEDATA | Staintess Steel Pipe l Coatings and Linings _ — 50| PIPEDATA om a4 SATINGS & LNT “ gtainless Stee! Pi - L sataee enemas = ea aa Ln ee Er en Geto 22% for nickel. sae Peni Toditngutsh between the two most com newer Cit Cire ion series of stainoss stee! (00 series Walle than the cometee wea ee i ees 4nd 40 seroa) uso a magnet Series 400 Schedule 80 steel oe, eee cng = Mae, ae Eragentic while seriee 90 ie non neg pines so asso Pre RS ee pee Somes wt 108 virualy throughout the size ranges joalSe a en Swinless Classiications: The American availabe. ee fon and Stoel Insitute (AIS) uses the fo. Al cimensions for stnless steel pipe are <4 loving Sandarafype numbers to enliy the shown In tables 68 and 98° cn ee thee Beier osoes) Mele he sul $c sched runes = : sees) Gletingulshstaniess too! numbors trom (AISI type 400 series) carbon steel schedus numbers, + Fercya) sojmnang ei ss eae A 2s STANUESS STEEL FiPE DINENGIONS & WEIGHT inpeat Un ‘Viva adld 3] dg aopmnana eh sae —vEe ea Tl ccesclvcleeekecell i \e25a)ee8e| BEE |S55)ER8 88: i i i i 3 ‘er AS ons sonnet es(eon) uaa oh eae —Ye8 ome (pion) ewomuouna hg semANS— 364 ‘STAINLESS STEEL PIPE DIMENSIONS & MASS] ‘ewe uees ViVdadid |vS 83 (ounain) adig ssaiuieis a im | 2 heer | mrtmem | rate | iste | | St ee 3 ‘i a i Toman) edia ssajuNg |ra PIPEDATA Copper & Brass Pipe ___ _PIPEDATA ___ _| copper & Red Brass Pise ‘COPPER S| ED BRASS PE DIMENSIONS 8 WESGHTS | led % brass. Red brass has a chemical compost tion of approximately 64.0% to 86.0% copper withtve remainder ofthe alloy beingzine. Both copper and red brass pipe are Pro duced In two general weights or well thickness classifications: ‘= Regular woight ‘ Extre-sirong weight SB8eisaseecune68] PIPEDATA : pipe DATA _ Gaon Ewe) ote Hod |_ Cast tron Pipe actin 12 Contig Pi eating ‘cast iron pipe is an iron alloy containing palween 236 to 4% carbon and approx mately 1% to 3% silicon. This chemical contrifugal_mold. Centrifugal pipe cast molding uses centrifugal force (produces by the rotating mold) to evenly distribute the nnolten metal throughout the pipe casting, lustration #12 shows an example of a cen- ‘ritugal pipe casting noid, principal types of cast iron avail- ‘and fiting manufacturing are: stron ‘ Ductile iron + Gray cast iron * Malleabie iron ‘These types of cast ion are manufactured into two major cast iren pipe classifications: a. Castiton PressurePipe . Castiton Soil Pipe| 60} PIPEDATA Cast Iron Pressure Pipe Cast iron pressure pipe was commonly used for carrying gas, water, ‘adding magnesium to molten cast ron. ‘Magnesism changes most of the free car- 'bon into a modular form which givesit acded strength while stil having the corrosion resistance of cast iron. Cast Iron Pipe Pressure cast iron can be specified by weight, class, wall thckness and/or pres. Because the majority of pres. is intended for underground service, common standards usually incor porate loading and laying conditions in {renching, American National Standards Institute (ANS!) and American Water Works ‘Association (AWWA) standards cover the majority of manufacturing specifications for ‘ductile and gray cast ion ftings and ductile pipe (gray castiron pressure pipes nolonger ‘commercially being manufactured). pIPEDATA ast Iron Soil Pipe ‘Due to bulding code regulations, cast iron sol pce is commonly used in iss pe trade fom gray cast won Alnencan Society {ErTesing and Metorats (ASTM) stands {ategorze castro sol pie ito two weights, tiraeavyendserswesht pe {abl #114 and #118 give spect denen- tons fren hey and soko weigh sol pe ased on AST an m lard Roan (CSA) aes yard 10't. dm) ; 10t. Om) iengthe red 10 8 ayy lengths. Mlusraton ‘13 incoates laying lengths ofalltvee syles of sol pe. ._ Cast/Silicon iron Pipe _ Silicon iron Pipe ‘typical oo of se of pipe would for laboratory rainage and waste. 2 makes up aporox- "4.200 to 147806 of the chemical and spigot joints, itis recommended that zeid proof rope packing beused. Note: If M.J. cou Joints) are weed, special act sleeves or coatings on the ‘sleeve should be used.t i i 5 i a i : i 2 ‘aul seater a co ee es werent | suas en an00 |i Coo jSauVaNviS wii Sy iy sauvaN =a Feweastan|{tef ghezesse.e iseexazeelil6 BaSeReaeaEP ass GRRE Seo ay/8 enaraxaasle ol ‘Gap ouster 9 oh anand WWis¥ NO Gasva WOS NOW LSYD AAVAH WLS. TSMOISNAWG ete thn “wiv add — 9 vivaaaid [2 adi 105 uomseD | 10s UoH SED r 7m edig 105 wo e]fis 995 von YH HOM Noassva YO AHO SOAS _ ‘wivaadid | a SaVONNES HUSY, bie tl! i i a | gSREEESEE es) (Be e fel (38 L i Fe B pases fees 2 : a fe 2 ee ie ale |gsazsesee.. P| 28/5 evrsoens eo i ah eee pceteallb EG L. E. | essateuacifs petzseeexal 5 z [ | peseaite if "10S NOL 3 fevedt 1d Bald ‘adig HOS UOH SED Teuun sur ISHOISNAI at= 069 298 cou set yee eae eat DAT HON usvigowusHl | W1Y Adid ie \SS3Hd OL. erie Gaye 70 eB ain ION eae owe 28 ose 28 Suva rT IMHO ONY St || | | 888 | fe {]sseseeasseseags G) cscs aezpeaege ee iit @BB898ses , Ill geeeaeaae, yl fssssssostsvest - ava “aBesnysbunay ounsseid WAN HOS BTV nil a (enwas need Staal vivasde ~ ef ‘| ner G.SZv iSa) ONLLVE BUNSSIud WHWIKVIN ddid USVI — Gedy sBuney emssoigol UL i emt i ig ie BLE a BB i iad Tea te ee i. | [ef ansenll f e | afl | ly |) eeanee anaes! He Z H 1 28 i juss ggaERR ea] ae E ‘ peace Fa, | isneasaaaasastly J) We te il & jes BSSBessaseaezzaess Wh ti ae i sveeeessseasel® A el 5 |) assssessccasnasseg i _—_—- i ip t PP SRRSSRRRaES 558883 3 3 A 8 iH i i i] i a: a 5} ig ' Hy 5 ie; u_ 72|_PIPEDATA |_ Plastic PipeSelection & Usage" pe DATA 7 Plastic Pipe Selection and Usage ~ plastic Pipe Selection & Usage i ). PVC pipe and tings are colored gray Po Aeriowicouadere irereaes, Eppes weesamd ert Poy Code (SPE) ABS pipe and fitings are colored black for ‘schedule 40 and blue-gray for pressure fatings 145,180, anc:290 psi (1000, 1240, , One r ‘and fittings are colored pur- ‘gore of PVE are white, biue or green, cPYC pipe ane Mitings are colored ‘color. Allo ‘and sewer} ple-oray hobrceer or Alloter pressure and sewer grace, POT" vireion sizes are belgeincoton wi SDR'3.5 rated pipe fs orange. tude: nov and cola water dis- hier systemo (UL & FM ), Industrial applications and for requiring higher temperature than ‘Most ABS pipo is used in drainag ‘and vent (BWV) housing applicator are: sohen The methods used to join CPVC are: solvent "rua, rons, comeing, treading, grooved joints, nd ions, andtanch GeICl eupciedin idea andes. FFVO ia supplod in oid lengths and heey aximum Operating temperate of 210 egrees F (80 degrees O) ages Fee Paces ‘The methods used to join ABS are: solvent cementing. O- ‘cementing, threading, grooved joints, and fanaira. Nis sunplied in rigid lengths and has amax- mum operating temperature of 180 degrees F (@2cegrees 6). |_ Plastic Pipe/Selection&. Usage = 13; robe tyenees) ‘ges service piping and fittings are cot- ored orange, beige orblack. Allother SDR land classes are pwduced in the color ‘Most PE piping is used for gas and water The methods used tojoi land socket heat fuson, ert ft ‘and fanged connections.74\_PIEDATA Plastic Pipe/Selection & Usage ATA i —_SLf a= = ~ pipEDATS — Selectior Plastic Pipe Selection & Usage Faeotion & Usoge 7 oe Cementing ls Polypropylene (PP) Tremanadeusecinyn rg ey en jent Cementing fack or 374 S00 On asi Poterorter tinge ae clove bik or 5H, s0ket asl NAN. ST a light blue for sohedule 40 and 80. All other pressure ratings are colored white. fis used in industrial applications, labora tory waste and pure water systems. “The methods used tojoin PP pipingare: butt and socket heat fusion, electrical resistance heat fusion and mechanical couplings. PP pipe Is supplied in rigid lengths and has maximum operating temperature of 180 degrees F (82 degrees C). Potybutylene (PB) ‘ANISDR tatings and classes of PBare col- ‘red black or blue. ‘Applications include: hot and cold water dis- tribution, hydronic heating, industiial appl Calions and sprinkler systems (UL & FM ‘epproved). PB pipe is suppl degrees F (98 degrees C). Potyvinylidine Fluoride (PVDF) PVDF pipe and fittings are colored red natural for schodulo 80 and natural PVDF is used in highly corrosive and. icalcervices including: wetandcry chi halogens. and socket heat and flanged connectior tt is supplied in rigid lengths and has (149 degrees C) i supe a mperatre of no degrees F (138 degrees C). ny jpe and fittings are s lie : Sree ee ea ana ‘The rraximum operating temperatures 2 hirer, H #8 used! in all types of industrial Stet gettin. ee ae TMSude:but, belland spigot ad ne ada ae : 149 cegrees C). ee aon roreed atmos mpm TE Glmesniaaee ‘Garp sauarty wn ater boc and Saw orvathe plastic " 2, Removeall burrs and cges rom ine pipe end. Ridges or rived beads on te pipe 3 Wipe 1 fiting to romove at Pipes ny dirt, moisture or Select the eppropiiato appl =, S22 lPpe used See tab The ling surfaces mustbesofienedby the ue of rime, mento a combine ‘Note: Primers not required on ABS._76) PEDATA_ | mentin | Solvent Cer 9 — ppEDATA L \_SolventCementing da Sh 8 Mos ota es catty” anes <= assembled joint. Handle the joint aft INITIAL SET AND CURE Trews care during settime. Table Mid.ivesss (— ee ED GORE Hretis he Hal st times forvarcus pipe see a [a ——. pipe temperatures, ‘tee Floto] Dor aor 130mm | oom ts a0 | tomed, hold for approximately 30 ¢00. tae Pad ‘ndsto prevent push out rom the tapered or 8 fitting. £-3e eH, -—— ROPRIATE APRUGAIES Ree ————— oar — APPROPRIATE APPLICATOR BRUSH SIZE pe . ‘Masi ath inden Met | aan th 7 tot 251092 25 = mee 3 tw ® 3 = = s | 2 1 2 & é 180 = e ze 130 "ii Ae rm Se78| PIPE DATA |_Comenting/Threading Plastic Sart Caen 1. ee pe ces Gained fo lane pe» raed Plamtic okie fen ee a BS Genet I ae snd coupling assem- ing olis nol needed. A small amount thods used with stand of ol periodically applied to the chasers is adequate. 4, Only use Teflon tape or other approved ‘compound to assemble the joint manatn 8-iting uraes for ase Pipe ‘only Schedule 800r heavier pipe andsfior hreading the pressure rating must be reduced by 50 percent. __ ppeDATA |_ Grooved Plastic Joints a Noe: Plastic anges com 150 stee tangs simencions, “NS!__80|_PIPEDATA |. Grooved Joints/0-Rings _ pIpEDATA_ RECOMMENDED PLASTIC FLANGE TORQUE VALUES ~~ ging or Gasket Joints for Orderground Service ‘wipe clean the spigot end, bell end and 1 Weta groove of he Pie iting Wo be eve (making suo the correct gesket 2 ftsed) and insert the gasket im bell ! shownin table #16, | O-Ring Joints (Undergroundy/RTR Pipe | 81 aston 15 - Acseny Oi Gast Type Joining Butt and strap joints ae made by butting two pieces of pipe togetfr and then wrapping th layers o resin saturated glass mat Bell and spigot adhesive bonding uses make the jointSECTION TWO TUBING DATA1h (25.4 met ‘Structural tubing wit other dinersionsny bee fumished providing they meet ASTH, equivalent specifications, resus tube tha typeof tubing used Raenise mechanival hii suk post often In the piping industry. It is ® Gfactured Tor specife appications need, Sesgned D Carry huis UNG Pressure. Tabla #17 gives wall thickness equivalents particular mechanical and chernicel prope Sig # customarily designated by the for BWG, decimals of an inch and mill fos, cnylmfoestndards are eoveros, wets actual outside ameter and wal ees, ASTI oF other agencies. Sizes and cima ‘gaged = ‘sions are usually determined by esteblishs, fend usage or customer needs.‘TUBING DATA I Pressure Tube/BWG Gage 7 —. weINGDATA —_—" |__Pressure/Aluminum Tube [87 § f T TY : Bel Ble + ppessure Tube iglgisiglalalels| 2 S evaltab ‘Most tube. RES OWSEO HSE SHUSE GUE ERE seebegead Sects aremres Maple acaed ruced the oon lesz! S/S Be eles Sie (Secs ials Rie els lelaelcle es rettalheadng, Tht erethe all perpcend fh Svsi] 2. 20 tareearee 3 S18 (51 e\alolajele |x| oo rater caaifestone est Son drawn starlssaioum alloy use, This se See creeieg Oe See amar ad eel fora Fd ea Soe ree ee crviee. e2i8 + Spoct Appleton Tubing lengths and coils lable in straight Sele + Coppe: Tubing 2 Coils are supplied 2818 Jolelelelelalalale 5 Speci Alloy Tubing Gale are supe in ennesled temper only Pr ese ee gg se Cease gESaReSsEcE Sus cee ee TG See nies ey Ses te 2 at SIS SSISSElzISslslslsicisisieacl * SanessSteet tubes Beaty rete ee eee aig Srovodng abo (8a mere aelabie Ea ‘wuminum Tubing Sra ube ogre ere alae is i , i Sele] AAumicur tubing avatabo n both wolded erdaed upto soe om) or 22 Shales efela alee leit elslelelerle pean wall tchrenses. Pur liam Can range betwee 00 2 elaine jefe lo|sd-| eyed vam eae eta at ee {o0.S0 inenes (1250 mm) Table He gues “Yaie 91720 Tube Wal Thickness is | physical properties. improve its Somnon., comma sizes, ‘al gee pupoos abibomanny teen ete (25 mm). 1um alley tubing Up to 1 incha | ons \ ie Working Pres: ‘general Pur- e081 ae Semis vum Tubing Suggested | fue tae poseast™ Feanneal 1 | ptuminumTube __qupinicpaTA | op a gopper Tube ‘There afe numerous types of copper and ‘opper alloy tubing being manufactured $e copper tube can be clasifed io Wo mera groupings. (one type of tubing designation has tub- jng measured by its approximate Inside dometer and i lien referred to as fu signation consists Fite tyes: KL M,prossure tubo per Tube Seamless Copper Tube Types, Metric Version: ASTM B-86M, the metric version of the B-88 stendard, re-classifies the tube into types A, B,and C classifica. tions. The metric standard also desig- nates the tube size by its actual outside Giameter, not its nominal size. AN! other dimensions end properties of the tube Tomain comperabie tothe Imperial spect- _|s9‘TUBING DATA Tube Types K, L, M Copper tubes K, L, and M are available in either annealed (Soft) tem ‘drawn (tard) temper copper. tively ‘Oxygen Tube: Copper tube that is used for oxygen lines and other medical gases is oftenseferredtoas oxygen tube. Per copper. OF fe classmicauon. rabies #IYA, , and #19C give specific size and dimensions for type K. L. and M respec | copperTube/cotorCosing —_ This tube ts esicaly type Kor tube hhos boon specialyEleaned and Cap The cleaning 1.2 salty measure tones ‘ent contamination and possible spor neous combustion with organic ols = Impurities nthe tube. Color Coding of Copper Cole coding of copper ting is applied help dabrquish baween he vanes bot atte Plumbing Tube Color Code TypeK = Green Type M = Red TypeL = Blue Type DWV = Yellow ‘piv DATA aCopper Tube/Type Mt 93 iM Copper Tube Dimensions given ininches end Malimeties. feat pon SS SE reencpr anes Seems uereeneen a "ae #79¢ ype Copper Tae‘code of yellow and is man- (@.66 m) and 20. (6.10 m) smper lengths only. The wall Vis thinner than types K, L, (OFM tubing. See table #20 for specific sizes ang wal fickness for type DWV copper fra obras REwigoriilan ‘Tube and General Purpose ACR (air conditioning and refrigeration) and GP (general purpose) copper tubing are two types of ich are measured and des- "grec byutsde caters and wal ek ae ininches and Milimeires +)| Copper Tube/ACR. __TIBING DATA TUBING DATA ae [ “ir Conaiionig end Refrigeration (AGH) Copper Tube Dimensions A TT 5 = |= re i Le = - st 4 Eas He ESS HE il Ee = th Eo eel 4 Fae ee A = fet By 2 ER ee Pee ae ie ah See Steerer ore iH Hl Tec ers ‘i 2 A Capper Tbe98| TUBING DATA General Purpose (GP) Copper Tube GP tubing s the classification of seamiess, ‘copper tube designed tor general engineering purposes. ASTM specification B-75 cov- ers specifcrequiremerts while ASTM B-251 ‘and B-251f (Mstric) standards cover com. mon roquliemerts such as: lengths, wall thickness and dlher general dimensions ard specifications. ‘See table #22 for common GP tube sizes and wail thickness dimensions, Carbon Steel and Stainiess Stee! Tube ‘tubing: * Boller &superheater tubing ‘= Heat exchanger and condenser tubing | Copper/GP/Carbon and Stainless _ ‘See tables #23 and #24 for commen tube characteristics. Boiler & Tubes: Seamless ang ‘aed bole ard supurecter tubes ae ‘hala bolt hot led nd col en ibe fer verous pressure and txnperatue fockcatons, The tbe ied by outsie aces mnimunvadthickness tour relsuperhector bow ere made 1 various Stn Specmcaions Gavendng on pe o ‘operations and designated use. | steetTube Specifications (Imperial) _|90 alehag G8z8 QUEL SEES)Toor WAL, ens nen Tet akavegr AGS orate Tue abe MODS Trateayoy fo IS st an Se Ast seen oot viva San (Wedaduy) suonesyioads aqniisais | vivaonranL I i ned ONL [AIS Lgwmicpoee many si 05 | aaa] awe | no | rr | ao | aces | aay vate | ieee] Som | 8 | ian | the | aoe | tae Be] isa] ie |e] le | oe) See | ie fies | tae! ate | | de | Sao | aes | Sie Be | tome be | ie) zm | ae | Soe | Soe feos | ise Sa | 13 | ta | GBs | 38h) ee te | ite Se | ie | ide) Sao | Som | ae He | iain ey | P| aap | Gas | oe | oem tig isn tke | ta) 3 | ee | bo | eee we jim om | 2 | 33a | ame | See) Ser Tie Ta aah ASS nce lo Tse oe mah teat tour oS ISYangom smn e ‘ISs Sage Sr te ‘emer de i ‘oct an @ | er escamm ts TO]| Steel Tube/StivGP _ [103 brea Sit ne es cy Tina = eas | steel Tube Specifications (Mi 102|_TuamaoaTa - a ‘drawn types for various ranges of tempora- cations used under this classification, The ‘ue and pressure, Like oer types of ube, tubes are low carbon seamless tubes which ilissized by outside diameter and minimum are cold-drawn and in the case of the SAE © wallthickness. tube, are annealed for bending and flaring.-104|_ruswepata Ser tga coe aes LZ, Y meee oe ace Sep Tipe Iuswetn 16 ~ Copper Brand Se Rng ite'g Bundled Metallic or Plastic Tube: These primary usec eon ere teviea TUBINGDATA "Y” Gundled Metalic oF Piastic Tube ere a GRE Se Sah SS ool Promctio Spray eabon wee Gre Ee ek ae flowing are commonly available tube loys: — | speciat appicatonPtestc ——____| Monel Incon Incoloys Cupro Nickel Nea Fesaioy”” SUN “eran Nevocenurn Plastic Tube Because o pestis god corsion reset ace, ene a Re rose ot, Iles ei cs tt 2 toning ca tango ttc pee hg fessurs for these plastics range up to 600 psi (4100 kPa) with tomperatiae maximums as high as 400" F (204°). Sug. {gested allowable working pressure ard wel thickness dimensions for nylon and ys Ylene tube are given in tebles #25 ahd—. wowsomm | sabe bending \ Jube Bending Tare spas ts ce : 2 emeemstane i gi lee BegTeS me teaesage aN am rah oe aang ce the diverse mechanically driven types ised diameter. 106| TUBING DATA [ “Wivion Tubing Suggested Atiowable Work 1 "Wot einer | 7 lel] 8 or ca sofa [a brand ucing tte eppropriaie type of Mandl pes ientiied inthe folowing descip: ge {bier pae bem [ae whngbendes: Bending ofauchbe me, (apes enti ‘ate shown in ilustration lel gag ae 2 ies_zat | a9") Ime to annealed coppor and alumisun 2 bette ’2_[-¥m [ami] but can be performed readily on annealed 1. "Bending Whee!” shown provides the cite ‘go [ao [we || ee vat catton ste! and stenece steel sng, fuer frm the tubng relates around to a ‘Maximum tubing size for hand benders var- rake the actual bend. iis marked oft in depending on tube meters temper vel Bs . fhckress and te opie or benseerianal 2. ‘Stteray Handa septs the bending 234 Table t2vAGies ecommendedminmumerd Wheel whe bend : 2. ‘Pull Hance” pus tre tube around the = ‘maximum wal thickness fr bending tube. es cel SI PS around the a Compression Tube Bender & 4. “Placement Link” indicated where to Tag ingtuction section on bencing val deal place the meacwrod tacnree Wn tubing with @ hand lever type tube bender oten ets thee” eerste, eoaTmession tube bender, 5, “Fastener” holds tubing in place while 22 | cee lustation #208, bending. oecal TUBING DATA | tube sending | Tab Beneing 109 TUBE BENDING Tube Bending ‘Table #27B and #27C Notes ee 1. R= Radu of tube bend es rec: eee) ce. commended 2y bender manufac eaaeete fat in eee 2. Dimensions in Row A represent i bender bath = fecommended straight tube _ Dimensions in Row 6 are Tf pe to be used when an absolute SP i ean Si elem eee 1 Seretemon eed necessary. . NOTE: Table #27C uses metic sat 8S Taner, tube ftings wich are nol ter: % changeable wi frachoral Sees Lf} and comversione ween Metric Me nt i Cx."= jeasuremer ZZ. 10} rj] se! we || os = ‘S a[2leslo}a| 2) se! s/ a] enn 20 td es Tia ant110) ‘TUBING DATA ‘Bending Steps 1 ‘90 Degree Bend: (lustration #21A) Stationery handle of the bender (trom lft ‘toright) Position the mark at which to bend the ‘tube ditecty inline with the 90 degrae fhoteh en the placement link Spcire the fastener latch onto the tube (making sure the "0" notch on both the bending wheel {and placement link are Inline). While noving the pull handle towards the stationary handle, pull down smoothly tun the "0" notch on the placement ink lines up with the 90 degree on the bending wheel, ‘Tube Bending Steps ‘The “"R" indicator notch on the placement lig ip uged wien the end of the tubs fom wich “the ‘bend. is ‘measured trom i| the bonder trom the opposite or reverse side| olthe stationary handle. Allo! theaforemer- ffoned bencing procedures remain the samo|b, Tum een bo pl ; cusptthematontetubow pacedonine| (ohordehee rece eecton “RY” noich on the placement link. ___JUBING DATA | Tube Bending Steps ©. Position the112 TUBING DATA Tube Gain (Bending Length Increase When tub» bending, the actual bend made toes not folow the absolute profi of @ Solin ay out but short ct ne angie. Tonal leh to he reneinng staf fine, ‘commonly referred to 2 gain. 122 shows this shor cut ting of thestaight angle by the tube. Gain for 90 degree bends is aporoximatsly ‘equal tote O.D. ofthe tube being bert. | Tube Bending/Gain/Swagetok _—_-TUBING DATA ‘suradlength. Bending in this manner ensures correct end to.certer oF center to certer measurements in bending. ‘Swagelok Tube Fittings Assembly ‘could result in dit getting into the fitings resulting in leaks. ‘Step 1: Insert the tubing into the fitting Ensure that the tubing rests on the fiting shoulder and the nuts finger tight. Tube Bending/Tube Gainanal Tusmeoata | _Swagetok Fitings ____ ‘Swagelok Fittings Installation Note: See pages 498, 499, 500 for addi- tional Swagelok information. Te SECTION THREE VALVES 115Basic Valve Types Gate Vaives | ote Manes Se tae Gate valves are used foromoff senviceana | ang are designed to operate fully open or ful | Sone closed. ‘See tables #32 and #24 through #37 of this ‘section for sizes and dimensions. Wedge type gate valves have @ tapered wedge that wedge: ad raen two tapered i sr 0 tapered SS rt Oe anol tho tloxble wedge (shown in on #26 prevdes Good seating cha. opening ar ors we rates wl . tive shutoff. porejdouble disc gate valves because xs dlise are in contact only on clos.120| VALVES __ | Globe vaives valves Globe Valves Giobo vans, une gate aes, ar used trom ana trotting of otha leva oo Z | Globe vaives Y. 3e valves, because als of hestarn (25 or ogres ea ‘Applications for the Y-patter globe valve ene include boiler blow-offs and services “*™" 7" Awe Gute whe where mud, gritand/orviscous fluids may be encountered. ,_Themain typesof globevalves according te sm —___ deposits, giving positive seating, ran packing the deposits. * needle valve state #91 Pam Globe Va Composion Ds)| Globe/check Valves 123 t ES | Globevaves ALVES 12a) VALVES Varlous composition materials can be Globe Valves Check Valves eon whe dae holder depending onthe Chock volves are used to prevent tow ari roverseln ping estan end connected Sturn 124 Carga Deane equipment fhotmoenee noone forme ot check valves aes = emcees ‘the sv flow resistance than the lift check valve detign. a ee In flow situations where shock closure Wve consists ota sharp ade a ‘andlor disc chatter are encountered, other Shaped) sem that contol ow tough te ome L_- __Varetios of swing check valves can be ‘seat Illustration #95 shows a typicel needle nett — ie Ir used to help minimize the problems. vave. ‘See tables #38 through #41 ofthis section for i ‘sizesand dimensions.124| VALVES | Check Valves Chock Valves a ing any lit ‘disc or bal lits vertically when in operaticn. ‘another lised 0 help prevent slamming (see ilustra- Museen #578 - Ting Check Ye tion #378).| _DiaphragmiPinch Vatves Pinch Valves The pinch valve, hike the dlaphragm valve, ses allen dlaphragm inthe cosng and 128) VALVES - Diaphragm Valves Weir type diaphragm valves are tho most common type of diaphragm valve used Pinch valves are ideally suited in services which carry suspended matter, sluries and ‘Solid powder flows. ier See te oon forrupicd passageway suited for flows which N are viscous r contain solids. i types of diaphragm mate- ese 2 table #29) depending on Be cist service and temperature conditions. ‘Mueraon #41 Ae Opera nc eeVALVES |. Diaphragm Valve Materials ‘COMMON MATERIALS USED FOR CIAPHRAGMS IN DIAPHRAGM VALVES, T ‘Service Appitestion | mote Wat Rar Reduced Port Ball Valve ; + reduced port design (sometimes referred : toasregular por). treet eumenpasc ga | me porgatems incoat the ini diene. ehoreoee tert ne bal ow-wey Bal valves may also be classified by their body style. Body styles come inone piece = — and multtplece bodies. ‘et 5 ano Mart ‘Atypical reduced (regula port balvalve with 4 mutpiece body is shown in shsraton fore eeaforetyione (ETFE) potluoe akony (FPA)_132| VALVES: | Butterfly Valves yALVES Butterfly Valves _|_ Buttery Valves of equip. | utterly Valves jesign that pensive, tee ‘Because of the buoy valves, ‘in seating material, butterfly ets ow" flange gasket. Saves have found general acceptance In thocll ges, chemical, water, and process fede. Tre vave fs often used In place of Sagote valve, buthes the added advantoge ‘offlow regulation. Bumorty wales are avaiable in two basic The double flanged butterfly (shown in ‘ustation #45) incorporates two flange ends which are bolted individually into the pipe- work or equipment flanges. Gaskets are used between the valve ends and connecting flanges. ‘= double flanged type The wafer type (shown in illustration #43) ig mounted between two flanges and 's: hheld in place by flange bolts._sga{_vaLves |_ Plug Valves __. VALVES | Plug/Reliet &Safety Valves | 135 Y plug Valves (iultiport) Relief and Safety Valves ~ cocks) consist of ind a safety vaive (often '@ pop-sefety valve). The plug valve rmultpon valve arrangements as shown i ilustration #47.Reliet & Safety Valves __ yALVES 136| VALVES L Relief & Safety Valves sate valves stig | Yaralonsin General Features of ing (Popping full oper), the ‘he features of most valves vary in: specific end connections «bonnet assembly methods — &, | # stem design selections e sytems. <== =" | End Connections Bonnet Assembly Methods =" | meprineipatend connections or valves are: The primary function of a valve bonnet isto oot |S threaded! fibetreatwsedenvelvesunirSifches SsSembly om the vale buy To rie SX ranean] (180mm, stem. The four: most common bonnet 3 WS » Welded End —usod pin re: — steel aly valvesandcan J som Steen cares ~ ser mite to valve sizes 2 —~ sire bee and smaller. Typical ee Gepate'and anton #30. . the Most common flang neste #4 Seley Po) Vo tions being the flat face, shat 6 3 Donne, ly val ring ismantle and reassem! * Compression End—usedforconnecting _tration #55) {otubing ard smaller sizes of pipe.VALVES: ! —swo|_vatves ____| Bonnet Assemblies _______ oj ponnet Design Valves ‘Bonnet Assembly Methods ‘Special Bonnet Design Valves: ‘Special Bonnet Design Valves Bellows sealed valves are usedin situation, Tice pl tor where no. stem leakage can be, Sane tt ration #568 example of a cr anna et ere rte get oan am cei Ir, Ox) er mI in} Gate tne an’ eee aid 4 ‘screw and yoke). SRS (CReSN)142|_VALVES ___| Stem iechanism Designs vALVES ‘Stem Designs __ Valve Marking/Symbols 143 ~~ ‘valve identification, Marking 3 Symbols gecause valves are available ina mutitude sive, sizes, material, desig: is importar plate, tO assist in proper identification of {aives. Valve identification may include all Manufacturer Name, Trademerk, or Paating Designation: this may Include ‘appropriate pressure rating class desig. nations or Specific maximum pressure/ femperature designations of the valve. Maximum 400 ps\, ~Weter i148|_ VALVES Valve Identification, Marking & Symbots units are required, tem- in degrees Catcius (°C). ‘metalic materials used in valve construc- tn. = Melt Identification: cast valves aro ‘marked with the melt numbers or melt ‘dentiication symbols. |. Valve tiarking/Symbots * Valve Trim Identification: when stem, disc (includes plug, bal, and gate) or set face materiel differs from body material, is tdontied. ‘+ Size Designation: giver in nominal pipe ++ Identification of Throaded End: when the threaded end connection ofa valve is other than American National, Standard Pipo Thread or American National Standarg Hose Thread, itis identiied by the type of thread used. * Identification of Ring-Joint Face: stand- ardring joints complying with ANSI stand. ard B16.200r API standard 6A are markeg with an "R" ‘= Special Function Requirements: manu Tacturers ‘may place catalog numbers, dates, reference numbers or any addr tional marking to distinguish the product. VALVES _ |_Vatve Marki ‘SYMBOLS USEO FOR METALLIC AND NONMETALLIC MATERIALS NON-METALLIC SYMBOLS 45:ce sure if , ‘slag and any other fore Fomoved from the piP- or equipment before Note: Globe Valves usually require valve. Simetional flow trom under Seat.148|_VALVES _ yALVES _Valve Installation [149 ‘misreon#63-Aign Png nd ave hte 264— te Otoron a dy . 14. Wrench placement, should be posi 4 18 tioned on the endofthe valve nearestto! \b the joint being made up. See itustration 66. 415. Do not place valves in locations where Repmseesanes tinal ga et ‘age or mistreatment, ‘\ y je ve Stat be gery uma he 2 “NeosALVES: | Valve Tables/Cast iron Gate _ VALVES 1so|_vi Valve Tables/Cast Iron Globe 151 _150| VALVES ____ aan re a TET CN HEN eel Vee = =| ‘ase pae ry : al } eRe 4 cet Fac P[oveenannreceteneneg 3s e152| VALVES ‘Valve Tables/Stee! Gate ALVES. 7 Valve Tables/Steel Gate 153 —— ag vanes Gren SRSA RE 7 {aun : otet tase] He . fete = ster154| VALVES HEE habe alcebe| ' | _Vatve Tables/Stee! Globe/Check VALVES _ | Valve Tables/Stee!Globe/Check 157 VALVES r aa aa amcipags Senge cena a Fe, Y a oe ee ees reac ne were eee = ee ace ara Schaaa Se vey [SERXAERSEGRUEHERGaxenauvns | [exereereneccanensnngugy [sverunrewestanenevy [anennetnertsseensunan “ol 78 lero va 1508 00)158; VALVES |_ Valve Tables/Steel Globe/Check VALVES _ |_ Valve Tables/Stee! Giobe/Check 1158_ ele aes Re a [7 Sestaig en cis wesc her nneeinmars Tekan nom Fact Fate nd En otter Signy varer "rd Gonr to Face erento Endre ares"ccm aoe Baa eeWereTnBaatesescnopz7-,, laueaveeenasenes rie BREE eeeeseee: viii Br BBBSBe ees ynosd SONILLIS ” m oO = o z SanTwA [Oot ‘Seige AeAjl ' ; __162|_FirTiNGs ____| Pipe Fittings/etbows _., AoTINGS = |_Ebows Ss 163 Cast iron bend designations are deter- rating metho ot the Gast ron so ttings onthe other hand, ined by dvaing the elbow fe nea sre Gics Cibued, Stndcredieiiceaoncelacica such 2y'30(Gmgret ma er). Gx ton into functionir ing as: J, bend, '/, bend and "/,, bend etc. 18 are expressed as a fraction. Hofunetoning enasye ho iting is manufactures ee iustration #67 for elbow directional Examplotfor eas iron: Bansal 2 Oe fem Foroarpe cpoe, cat Wor, change caster Bea Blbow Fiting Angle lion of piping in system. a! i Elbows are designated by the or ~ reedretionefripncin sysiem. 4, PrcturetommperatieraingeressCc- Gogree of change they make relative to 8 as cide tortranches,2ccess,take-atisor —_ thation Gree. Angles for elbows range trom 860 ~ ne ‘atniliary comections. Example: 2" class 3000 carbon steel (ASTM —11'/,through 180° degrees. = Beare tutte How within giping or 106) threaded staigh oe eae) a equipment. Elbows ” Frings ar speciiedoridentitog by: TNGirina pipe sia or tube siz ra he tings manractared oft ‘Type or description of the fitting. For va Cian. aes aut ees s |. Sanna Yi ve = “ i aa___1_ Unions 165 Steolto steel, bronzo osteo, stanless steel iee|_ FITTINGS Elbows ance rom the end fo centar he atone of welded elbows can be Shyla 1 2nd coppeT or ooRDer caiculata using figures given in oo fitastration Yet. * 90° short raiius eibow = = 48" Jong radius elbow + Ge long radus elbow alternative = the INPS thrae times and add the first and Ground joint unions rely on a ground metal SBS ioe - [pitt sal between too non pars : ET ie san non seats on the ground Joint uni a ae include: ee bes Shas) ‘accurate betwoen sizes 4” t020" (100mm to 500mm).iT - Bal (167 ‘Couplings - VTees, Wyes, Crosses Couplings ere esedtojointwopieces ot pipe iL “These tings providetor branches, take-offs NOTES,_Yh mated dogg orang soc Coupee aero ozo) gether a Oren eaaeeuminapon — askteetate eet oe CSraightline. Threaded couplings, 2s2vle, eS _ gatem. “inh torge ero rey nn Sre supplied vith right handed threads on MACRO we Saco nena seam Mom teccaiarmericnasioid “ary sscsaiwste cane However, Cou ‘Seem emss,Czsnt argent oporing fr). followed by thebranch sein et special ighttt ules). the fing Is cross, the lrgost ouph rf branch cult is given after the fun size, fl ate ctngan sn ee St Gomredaguaiertewaie ie og s ‘omer ean aspocal erence lod the smar ros bra CO} Or ‘Threaded an¢ non-hreaded couplings are A isgiven in lustraion #718 - #710. ZF Stcont coaing ae aed to oe oF ss eae the chno size, end reducsng couplings are © A - : = ” me Sint slnoe of unensial size, REGU LL = = eosin we manutacarout sine to m7 oS = ‘concentric or eccentric configut 4 e,| le qT | |, 7 ‘two coupling styles are displayed in ilustra- Z I alt Ne A and F706 The recreates ion ee uy UL — fiona Freee 5 Te nest nh Or Et oe wh Er _Te a Hees Tesi ee ig wet ee Eocane pcBS EE Soe SERS Sas oS TR es co er ci 7 Mam End Oxy fomof aline nust remain level. ion Teny te) ‘Meeveton #714 -Devgnton & Hang Tosmcio i ta ee =a cm doum com taere, coutarre SaEraR “SEEGERS con See Gn Berta “ta tay’ an Card a untaten6710Desigaion 8 Ning ot Wie Saute Se 1169 (0d teat Cent Eom copper Solder Joint Fittings Both wrought copper and cast copper alloy § solder joint pressure fitings are produced {foruse vith copper water tube, Pressureand| Copper Solder Fittings: ' -—— RATED PRESSURE TENPERATUREFORSOLDERANDERAZED.JONTS 7 5 1_Copper Solder Fittings. [a7 al Siler lenile ‘hole #44 Digan Dinars tor Capper Ser FitsFITTINGS: : Malteable tron Fittings = po | copper Soserran ==" ftelleable ron Threaded Fittings‘ Malesble Couplings 172 | _FITTINSS ————, GoniioN CAST COPPER ALLOY SOLDER FITTINGS | Malleable iron fittings are manufactured in Ribs or bars running long the length of [—__Eamensions FOR Aninches and maimetees) imimarss | two general designations or classes: Class _ malleable couplings arecttenusedas iead - aa eal 480 and ‘classes of fittings type identification marks. A malleable cou- Dineesons = were —— = can be ‘black or gelva- pling having 2 ribs or bars identifies the cou- 1 © 700 finishes. Pressure and temperature pling as being a standard right| . ratings for each class is given in table #45. Right/left-hand threaded couplir 4 lion. Established ANSVASME B16.3 fiting dimensions for Class 150 ave given in tables #46 and #47,r7a|_Firtncs_ |__Malleable Iron Fittings (CLASS 150, — 18061 (1034.25 KPa) SATURATED STEAM _— S00P1(2088.50KPay OUID AND Gas NON-SHOCK = SERVICE ATMAK.150DEG.F(65DEG.C) CLASS 00 "= S00P1 (2068.5 KPa) SATURATEDSTEAM‘Eble #46 Malosb ron Ftegs se) impia, Malteabie Iron Fittings ___ Fines |_Malleabte ron Fittings ‘DVENSIONS FOR MALLEABLE RDN FITTINGS (GLASS 160) DIMENSIONS FOR MALLEABLE IRON TINGS (CLASS 150 DENI OHS ‘oar er fect sets ese 1x pe = [100 [— 0.26 | 053 = |= [rs[ — | asa) — | — [esa] 670] 135 | 20a an [ie 1078 ao [06s zo ws | wz| ves [ese v2 [i0a0| 160 ane ‘aro | 14¢| 060 oar | wre eros eee | roa [maz | m0 30] 8 a5 ‘mb | 40] ono ‘os | oe? [ass [zee] era] zea [ae zr [to to | 008 [129 | ver | 05s | 097 soa [ aso | 0 ona | ws 26 [aie aye) uta | 17] 28 | m8 et] ana) tea zns [ara Poe zas [129 [17 [eas tor ws] a5] @z[ms fan es laa0 Zev 1s | 08 [2m o3/ ma s|ae [ae i 20 eee ie sr2|er| een | 427 [se aa a0 [195 = 325 | 625 28 ase] 2 [ra eave = sar 1 seas | a7 [ann pin a fate am [re tes [oor] — ass | ‘60 | 261 | 3.70 | 5 436 | 896 4 963] 963 | 1445 | e659 3302] 526 | 937 t v3] 778 [waa] — | — [raz losre] oa] — ea, 1-1 = a ‘203 ere 'zo| — | — feoso one | exw | — 1 a = NOTE: Dumensions for table aro based on | ings ranalacturedto ANSUASHE B163 Snead TOTE neous UB er aiedontngeran/ecedto RNSUASHE S163 Bundi eae eeeol ems Forged Stee! Threaded Fittings Cast Iron Threaded Fittings Threaded sted itings are produced inthres Cast iron threaded fitings are available n pressure designations: ‘Glasses 125 and 250. Maximum pressure) Class 2000 temperature ratings for each class are given © Class 3000 intable #50. ' + Giass 600 Cast iron fitings can be distinguished from Pressure and temperature ratings for each tings by the larger surroundh Cf the pressureclass ftings are taken to be iced at the end oF fitings wh auivatent to the following pipe wall thick- ilustratio, ress designations. ca carparon blweey FITTING SCHEDULE 3, Another unique feature oF cast CLASS. NO. WEIGHT — fonscrewed tings is that(uhen necessary) at a TEHT. they can bo removed by braking the fing pa 2 x with a sharp blow from @ Remmet. Common forged stest threaded fitting ‘dimensions forall classes are given in tables #48 and #49. | | Forged Steel/Cast iron Threaded FITTINGS ___1 Forged Stee! Threaded Fittings {179 ‘fal koI ‘ reo! FITTINGS : | Forged Steel Threaded Fittings fITTINGS _ __|_ Forged Stee! Threaded Fittings | 181 DDRiENSIONS FOR FORGED STEEL THRIENDED FITTINGS (CLASSES 2000 30008 ect0) 7 © GMENSONS FORFORGED STEEL THREADED THINGS (CLASES on, som m0) E coon oa ——— eee — — je— ¢ le 0sleeae— Foe ole Tol oo. ws w90| 25 0 }075| 100] 040 080 | 125) 041 1150] 059 aa (BE as 175/088 ‘0 | s00 7s|225| 068 7 | 335 1225) 260| o71 ral a8 250|300| 072 300 | 382| 076 ‘3e2|e2s 40 425/500) 120 75 600 600] 475 |296| 260 204/550) €25| 190 NOTE _Drnersens fer abe Jon ings man acired 9 ANSI636.11 Standord, “ble 24 Forge Stel Tress tings (rp)Aloe Ferre a Tata ye eee Ig Te i 125 Ge bor Cast Iron Threaded Drainage ls Fittings 1D ot Pee 8 Feng Cast iron threaded drainage fitings are ener Usone nts emf designed for use in gravity flow drainage systems and not intended for pressurized applications. The fiting has an inside shoul der making asmocth, flush connection whee env Be Maroon #72A~ Contr Fitng ‘age fiting design. Thi ow a os sibly blocking the erainage are aon tapped to provide % in. per nn) i TI Bich for proper grade on rainage lines.t84|_Frrmincs Welded Fittings = |. Socket Weld Eittings Welded Fittirgs ‘Socket Weld Fittings ws - Fitnngs are avelable for welded jomts in Socket weld fitungs are usec to jin smelter oom fay i fthor socket welded style or but welded sizesetpipe(usvally2in. (50mm) enduncer style. Typical coss sections of both socket which require the strength and security of 2 Ad i Sndbult welded ointsare axpleyedin ilus- welded joint. Pressure-trmporature ratings ' tration #74 ord #746. Torsocket wel tings are taken tobe equ iA lent to the fllowing pipe wall thickness poet raed = Fee decignations iene FITTING: ‘SCHEDULE i ane GLASS NO. WEIGHT, ‘Socket Wola one 80 xs reo rot svn 160 a Reahrcisen $000 XxS on = 2 oe on a ge A eet t aS | A eo i [es iy [AR 3000, 6000and 9000 srogien intabies st | === = i furr weno and #52. ket — i ‘tl #51, s20larane Dinero for Ford Stel Socket Weld iting pases' amnieay | Socket Weld Fittings (imperial) — | Socket weldeiings eric) | te7 ‘Hb #1 Socket Wed Fog Opa)! 188| FITTINGS |_ Butt Weld Fittings FITTINGS - ~. £ 1 Butt Wete Fitth ‘Butt Weld Fittings Ings. ‘The most common style of welded fittng _Mlustration #75 shows atypical butt weld it Ueea'in weld! pipe systems (primariy in ting and explainstheidentiication markings pipe sizes over Zinches (60 mm) isthe butt required on tings. weld iting. Prossure/te ratings for the fit. tings duplicate that of seamless ple of the same material, size, and wall thick. — ness. Standard sizes for butt weld fittings 5 ‘reavailebie in wall thickness and sched tile numbers parelleling that of steel pipe. ‘Speotie dimensions for but welded fitings, thataredisplayedinilustration #76arepro- ‘ | 1 Th ‘vided in tables #53, #54, #55, F56.( ni sere (puerta Bo ; ; i a Ae pee i beltUGING OUTLET TEES INCHES T | Noma | un, a3 e888 se RBRA abe o a a2 58 Ee | 5m | is a | 33 | em | Be eo | rorgere | 1209 | 12 [aeaxer | tee | 880 | wares 190 | 500 } \ | DIMENSONS FoR REDUCING OUTLET TEES ——) ‘RCROSSES — INCHE [mm Jouney Teas oo (evi) 201g 9 00 wana Buono = as th Pere? peasaan 882 Beeeses RR BR BERND Se BBees! v0 250 ne 500 i380 1300, wie 20 2 BBBe NE, ey 8 BESSES Bsaseuses sazassas ry Bie ‘SONILLG me | nua PION, fan) 5B jouadi ~ (tei eer!WENSTONS FOR REDUCING OUTIET TEES ootan wena eo ro Busepd— D650 HL eng een. ee ino Buonead- vse one, 1OSSES INCHES, some [om louner) Hoya [mm | oun "Noes |erosestaol ‘ewes _lennmoie— il Srsso faa] Se | gee | om | Be Risin | Be | Be! ares | 2m | BS Sree | jee | Gem) aeaanse | won | 700 S3MiS | Bo | eo sexsexse | x00 | 2009 | Mxanae | ap | 2550 SASS | Zw | BS | aieis | woo | mo EBxaseae | aon | rao | texaazzo | S200 | 200 Bkseeso | Boo | aeso | aexaaaze | s200 | 2750 Betorce | 00 | seo | fakaaaze | om | 2750 Beraseas | won | 2800 | taxuieae | 2200 | 2750 Brea | Boo | ten | aacaceze | s200 | 2709 Bekssese | Boo | 24% | Maxacnzo | s200 | 2700 xaee20 | 00 | 2400 Bier | Am | eo | coxssees | BO | 3150 Sea@ces | Seo | $100 doxaonag | men | 2agp | Sexanad | 50 | 3050 ‘Bross | Be | mem | wexasise | sae | so SrBie | BB | me | Bree | Se | s000 SxBiy | Be | mo | sexaxe | 8 | 30 Shins | Bap | a0 | Gexaaes2 | Bm | Dee ‘Besoess | Bao | 2550 | Sexesazo | 2350 | 2000 Broue | Be | Be | txesxm | OD | 00 kore | Boo | eon | sexaseas | 2950 | 2900 Sears | Bes | so | fexesee | D 2050 BxBi% | Bao | zm | sexesnze | 2350 | 2950 weaoee | B50 | 2450 aaxexaa | 2600 | 30 zexeerao | 200 | 20 | rare | 00 | BOO SREB | BM | eo | Bxasze | s500 | 3200 ‘Brasese | fo | Boo | rear | 3500 | s200 SRSEE | oo | S500 | Mexasse | 3500 | 2200 SxBts | ben | deco | @xcaxae | 3500 | 31m xB | op | en | Brasese | 3600 | 31 09 BEES | ines | eroe | exaenze | son | 3100 ‘Breas | Bo | Be | esseso | sso | 2000 SEEIR | oo | zoo | dexsoxas | 3500 | 3000 rare | im | oo | sexaneze | 9500 | 9000 Bxai% | foo | Bem | faxannze | 2500 | 2900 Breau | ion | deo | texasaze | S600 | 2900 graanie_| 3000 | 2500 Tre ‘SONILLT (enedua) Sbunes prem He ‘DIMENSDNS FOR REDI SDS ENB OUTST TEES ISSES — MILLIMETE SONILLS (mem) s6unuapieEMHNg | ae | WEEE, GATES TE tore 18x 18% 10 ze] 3 | Wort us| | eee el abe ey = its | |B | usrneew | we Bisih | 3 8) rae | pee ‘suas |e gene |@) a |BUER Et %| S|BNES is eee | a se | a| a | wre 19 Bee | a) Binge | 18 os ones | 13 exe |g 9 | nee | 18 Sipe | F | H| gocamne om | se Ss 8g ware |u| a | sees || Sorsonee | | Bt | asoxasoxan | | Bore | | | Boxee | oe | ie serie | Be | i gure | m rear | Be age |x| p| Siete || i x68 x 22 78 | 84 | 200%300%250 bows eereexze | 7 | 5 | Soonsoonam | ase Boo Bue | EG eox90 x65 s 12 | seg jg] g) Se |S 8 es |B | B| worse | am | 20 Bee | 8) 3] sae] x ere | | de wince a St weg og] g/m MB 38 BB | course | a | Sisk) ee) Setrge | $e | secgore |e | | Seasies |B | feoetan ee | tos | ge | SOrW@nt® | Ss | 2M ress 18 | | casaocao | a | so serase emg venue Mere e iH 8 Geo ee20e900 ‘eonsso250 0001550 Sores oxsooeas. Bon0001 100 oxo eo ‘Sroxeso 00 feo s00 «250 egoxg80%500 Geaeeso uss ‘nn xe00| eeoxase as) oxes0e400 eo 20 380 50803000 r20x700%650 Toxo «600 Troe 00950 tox 700% 800 Tone Tons | roox7oxe00 _521_|_457_| =: 2| s| ea (es | & 8 | 388 a je | 3 S| as a | 3 a | 470 7053800 Texroxed | Taare | $9 | = Ey 8 Toereoxsse | 2 & | 3 ee | 3 Be | tags | 8 2% Busts | ues |S sss | Bie | & | Sigs |S Bene | ‘300900680 | sr |)5 28 a eaaaPEM TAG | sons Sossamon snares | Sensor | Seoneo230 | & Ss a Scenes | 3 = a EB a Se ({ ae — 3 own ‘woMNaL | R ao | were et Lele § lasoxaso x0 2a |H400 1100 0880 wee [2/3 ee ges |: |S (Eee istics $7 |rrsoxig0x 00) ass |1000 x 1000 xA60 | 749 | 660 |1150%1180% 050 | 851 = Bea soso 1050. 100) rez | iv |tzonxtz00%1100| aes | o38 a eres | BORIS E |g eecis|: BBE 3 Sess E See: ess) Bees |e Sec|e)| Bee's): Se|2|i eee |2 See gee|2/2 F @e2|2|/2 eee|s | eesle\s ae. |8 | eee 2/2 a s\s\: eee 2/2ec5\s'5 sosoxtos0x400 | tse | ae | | | wer' 196|_errTiINGS |_ Weld Outlets/Grooved Joints __gITTINGS _ | werd outiets (mperiat) Weld Outlets : i F —__ RRSOMRET en — need"lpgeetgeucsévenseesac fd moun Ssgeseasayortseeesns (ord ses a0 POH wing Pee oo ed wing pope, ‘SSuLaWITUW — SONILIN STLNO EM nases “w008 argsegeese ‘wo008 eno pene aeRen 88 ‘se0e1d ony 947 uoomog 4 uoRsod ‘Auana Yoyses ot age ‘UL ainpedoid mows “aiquiessess ‘SONLLLID “eani2EjruoU wueoucmy Ada ¥826 youd 1 id IL P9N0039 304 a1npesodd je1oU2D, ‘AMIE eUAS BoK108 30) ESIC pue Aiquiacey | _ 3 I i § g Aju (eto o eyaus) ‘uous “yonoy, !no9 yun SONILLIa 100 man) nn PRM 0016 ot ona Ay 269640 oy Burnoo ut oe a “140 s00ul sinu pu shjoq Guydnes vor GundSECTION FIVE GASKETED JOINTSlustrations #79 through #87 display the ait ferent types cf flange styles that are avall- abe, The fallng gues are dscrntion ‘ofeac This flange ype is designed to be con nected by buf-welding the protruding neck Of the flange to either a fitting, pipe, of feauioment requiring a flanged joint. Wele: Fguneck flances prouce gose service under a wide range of lempereture and pressure ‘conditions in both static or intermittent flows {iustration #79). ‘Siip-on Flange ‘The slip-on fange is designed to slip over the end of the pipe. It allows easy position- ing before welcing. __|_ Flange Types __ _oy Both the mside and outside of the flange is " fille! welded to the pipe. The inside weld pe back {epproximately the wll thickness ofthe pipe) ae stub end is made on steel, A ong rade ffom the pipe mera Aeducing Flange This flange changes the tine size without <1 ageing en ena iting. The recucing tant thenges tetne size sbrpty. tie pores Erbulent contin ‘ll ceuse pobre sie es cus protien arto #8 Lap jot Vn Stone A i, iP =! ‘Mtn #62 Reticng Fange_ 206|_GASKETED JOWNTS. | ange Type ‘Socket Weldhg Flange Socket ela 202 igo we sme 2 a sane, maiy on hts Mi ee 83) ie ‘Blind Flange Blind Tad Tenge is basically @ sol Henge Tre Pied to else the end ot PbS = ate Vanes andior equipment (ustetion #64). a ee ‘Spectacte Blinds SPectatie end fine blinds are siilet 165 2 amnwiroe ‘Seat en ara Spectne ebut fern that they fxbetoen Ding hand connections. Spectacle Bands get Aha naire ium their einilacity to ir of metering piping. The re sctaian, Gre Sue Cj focreatengeerengerent erect id Ip fully closed for 100% flow: ts the welding-neck end connect Spectre te citer 09 ol he Pe (P® oe ee cnscennecton ype: Sp. oP is ton ete A Site to accommodate the x traugh whch ine prssut le sence fc. ( ne jo, esenien, {athatitcan be seen a ‘agiance ifthe fine tome OTE muse FS re an spectacle Bids_GASKETED JOINTS 200| GASKETED JOINTS |__ Flange Faces A Flange Faces The venous types of flanges are manufac- {ured with a vtiely of face types. These var fous face types are shown in tustrations #88 through #46. Even though there ere mary ave types avilable, the most commonly sod are: ‘Raised face Flatface * Lap joint (Van Stone flange) © Fingjoint ‘The flange fecotype should not be confused with flange “finssh”, which incicates the ‘Surface contact finish applied to the actual {face of the flange. The major types of flange face finishes availabe 2" Large Mate and Female: ‘Tis face design provides ample gasket Te eee ete fain ging one Onset Suppott(itactration #89} | 209 ___._ Flange Faces _ cea os fe cores ipeecomngeccrerma Fide onc mating flanges to pumps and valves in lowr spree tas rn, but the ees a fecene a sees bentading ie210] GASKETED JOINTS z g : : oA _ tna (WA fui tested ge Ge thud Bo cient to prevent crushing gaskets (Illustra- sa ae we — a me =" fA kt $- Zi E L a (@ a { ie ‘atm £08- Sl en ora eg)212| GASKETED JOINTS |_ASIME/ANS! Flanges/Miarkings GASKETED 212|_GASKETED JOINTS _____|_=———— ..___.GASKETED JOINTS ‘ASME/ANSI “langes = ASME/ANS! Flanges, ost standard steel and alloy Ranges are Even though the dimensions of ASME sa oe ede ASMEIANS! specication ANSI and API flanges are sirilor, they eee ange pressure classes of 150, should not beintorconnected bocause of eH =~ eens, Ps 300, $06, 1500, end 2500. {he alternate pressure ratings. i senna | [OP ele Core Flange Markings i: Se ASME/ANSI standards require flanges to be a ‘Besnue Rata ‘amped or marked with the folowing infor. ' | [tems mn mation: ye pte Z Tr [ae doer eae] avypcatoarpecinanpiratigieghen Space tosis, I el re icon flanges cortespordin oo ASMEIANS! standards are given none . Rice NOTE erat 220 Fagen lar products.216 OOINTS Fl 9 1902) = - __Fiense Tee (Ciess 150/125) _ GASKETED JOINTS f € Uls/E fed fe fd lel [i | | ‘ofa | z 4 7216| GASKETEDJONTS ___|_ Flange Table (Class 400) Fangs an ol mension - ian 48 el an Aly f cra a de ol a wal al woe | 0 eal a as ‘see bans] “Tal es E tarsi Taina a ‘eotinl frst ieee ‘tara eal es pao cc [weidre ess! Weking Meck | ‘309, Te onl tov a 5} 262) 3] sal Se el a a iat et Lowel Legh ‘oble#800- Fane end Belt Dimenons (Coe 660)' GASKETED JOINTS __{ Flenge/Ring Gaskets 221 “Flange Gaskets FO aR eu ae Pipe flange gaskets are used to providsa = ( lek tight Seal between two flange faces. In 9 Far NG ‘order to provide this seal the gasket must A ke fiange eoaling face. Tha gackets muct atco withstend possible high service temper- = ‘atures, and corrosive products while also (os being strong enough to prevent tha sys- eee caret es Bote itce Gasts Seer raclane negehoueties rea ee sane Rh ige it-coen Ref Wee” Metal Fing Gasket a no ‘The metallic . vm Ting gasket is generally made Eaten eetecovmscrytesenro Top sooner esta ese ia ane '* Metallic ring gasket - designed to fit k : Maonacnapescanre aeons cag ace reponecinet ome Stas ot apres aca se Sn ta Seeueaten mem ol eet of ese tse tage 8 ‘styles are shown in illustration #98. ‘markings. _220| GASKETEDSOINTS —_ ‘rele #46 Pangea Bot Deron (ss 280)___| Flange Gaskets/FullFace __| 228 zaa|_GaSKETEDJOINTS ____— | ronge ostetsning —_-_._gASKETEDJONTS : pos aieessembling cng foe Henaes yy Face and Fat Rn fre ing gasket is considered one of he Dest should be remembered they ce ort See Ring Gasiets a sidered est Separated tn a straight Grecthy goth fll '2c2 Ting gaskets are Asbestos: peshaypestoorea tee Go Separated aot ax shown nts, et eapct ng gecko Seta etal forntrmla prose meee opposte errs becasectinewsyihe EES NES eee veh Averlyo!mare- and temperature services (Asbestos to 8 ‘ {oper Do Used for each type of gasket maximum 750°F (500°C) and Teflon, to = ration #100 Thorne Uahaped sel of enn) tera core Ee era noe est onde es ‘oor (200°C), High oval ro sn sorertma, met Common gasket materials inclwe: om Peat TAFE (ead Oh service usually armor, gst ati ete am Foqure tareoest: sal woud peace 2s frelais and various metal non-metal combi: nations. Note: See asbestos note on teble #60B. et | sear : (b— , BEEREEee Sc ee i) | 5| used fo" 10M Pranimum 290F(20C), _ stesof various gasket materials. — - L5 se yg él Tea sr et tm en ty ar aw ype ours Sed na An tt SS. YG fos canon Se, iar es tm DY SS Rb Ne Some Seek ‘wena put and xpos Ganesh ANS Ma maton £100~ met ng Jot Fangs Desay|L_Gasket iatertals _GASKETED JOINTS |. Gasket Materials ‘GAGHET MATERA SELECTION CASKET WATERIAL SELECTION Coord 5 cee | = a se orortnnaaees Pag Sore teen sass aa ao vere vans te cre ea = =) nen m= ee cea manentece eh rect ott ino (Sctcnsaineanne bebe oes om grmedgaacenins rath ceeemswemees 1S Gm pemnmeceeergsmaco sei sr va SS Re Geet camer arneomer om newt ae ere 0 em ‘Commas ret oneance are waing perio fare Wine Crane ‘Sarton eee sour = eG) Sameceesemterrmerrenmentire Soe Sgn enn Reem rn = SS Souqs 1 Neuman tee cenemceneo Gat, = os Sa oan wyneesrnraaceiceceenmatin ree uct coe eociesanmenemmest penetra gay anennRgaane eater SE se pe Sehcananarenigageeenetrg Cees _ SoS aaa TEES = ae gaara carer en “ Pee ae Sa oe teat ant amnermen won ra a. SapEnenre eee SE annem won recente en 9 ome asa Sm SORURiarthanse we merce who eo Ko) tne annem ny ean cody ero = 7 eset ected emis os eco, Coe totems dso Se _Sacecemeranmenmmcrcmanmenrer at von enn tend Ot teatGASKETED JOINTS: _____| GasketDesigns 1227 {grooves or an asbestos jacket over the metal {grooves (illustration #103). includes: compressed asbestos, mers, rubber, Tellon, and paper. Gombine- tions of metalic and non-metallic materi ‘are algo conrmon (illustration #101).228| GASKETED JOINTS ___| Gasket Designs E ._ Cutting Gaskets |229 Gasket Design Configurations Gut This method ot fabncetion 1s displayed m shustraion #108. the gasket materials too thick the hammer tap method may be iS the needed pattern onto tial, The pattem (depen trickness ard smooth round bolt holes inthe traced gasket, ‘material. but te poferably used with smogth fr: saad ‘et esis 100. mmeterial around the O.D. and ID. edges Ita Ring Gasket a : f Thepenttteuscdextensieyinthecind —() {TO ow itletmetra by ing epee ot Optre et ganit rates aye a vere iter gaskatmaterals erotik, (7 ==) cage _fotw Cro souk! bo taka to ensure ‘oval and octagonal cross sections (llustra- hammering does not damage the lange tion #107). Musas #107 = Met Rirg Gases230 GASKETED JOINTS _.._GASKETED JOINTS line fs determined by ‘chord method. ee : i ‘Angia or Degree Method of Bott ot 88 au, Hole Layout ‘should equal the diameter extending Caat SF, M ae es cence COLE Betimancammnsae bolt hole circle into equal parts. Angles are measuted in degrees, and for more accu d ° ro Jecian- i ; ~. _SBbdogrene (one compte cree) by he 4 Ting gaskets = deter of FS) nostra nee. Frade edge of forge bt tea Harber EE _ Bolt Hote Layout 231 Bolt Angle = 360 degrees dwided by number of bolts. ‘Asan example, a flange wth bolts will have fan angle between the bolts of 45 degrees. = 45 Gommonly used flanges and the degrees betvreen bolt holes are provided in tsble #62.|_BoltHole Layout __ ___GASKETED JOINTS Bott Hole tayout 7 [2a3 ‘Aer the top half ofthe bots ae marked, tho. _,_ gasketcan be rotatedto mark the remaining E bral. E Note: ASME/ANS! flange bolt holes Ilustration #112 displays the basic parts that increase by multiples of four and are make upacicle. ‘Chord Chart Method for Bolt Hote Layout ‘center ofthe flange tothe oppo- = sspecti wees ‘Fucg The chord chart method for layout of flange _ Site bolt hole center) is multiplied by the a SES a ey, enmomemn* NOP Cmestogerdtadiastocase Sedat ent aon fan he cher ‘degree numbers) or counter clockwise (using tmanton #10 -Layng UB Hol Casat wits Poy iN€ thelocation of bolt holes. s the inner d2gree numbers).234| GASKETED JOINTS ‘Chord length = bolt hole diameter x chord * factor. (72.9 mm) between bol hole centers. Balt hole diameter = 7.5inches (228.6 min) x-chord factor 0.382683 = 2.87 inches aight line extending from ‘other through the center —___{_ Bolt Hole Layout (Chord Chart) ‘eas i : ge S8anecsaverasgaslee296| GASKETED JOINTS Flange Botting ; ‘There ara two basic types of bolts used in making fange connections: a machine bolt that uses one nut, and the more commonly tendard as: UNC (Unified Coarse) class 2 (roan fi) Aor bolts and forts. ‘ASTM Waterial Bolt Specifications ASMEIANS! standard B165 categorwe {Flange Bolting Specifications _ gasKETEDJOINTS ~)STM Moteriat Bot Specifications termediate Strongth Boling matenalisalso {sedfor any ange jointing epplcsion. txt — the flange Joint under operating tempera. ture andpressure. © fangecasses 150 and 06. “T ickel ard Special Alloy Bolngis used with comparable nickel and special alloy ange ‘rater corer dulatng center to center Pi Constant une cacti can © AedeEno obows arte be ed ‘Sotaion Steps: are given in table #70. 4. Change diameter of tank to radius: Constants for Calculating Pipe une inside and Outside of Clrolsr Tanks 7) amperiat Calculations: ee restr Te | hea commas aes oie | ee ~ 20050. = 2 Constants arab | tee | o.7ess | 08176 | osa0e | 01960 | o0ge: | = 125inches uber of Pipe Sections «tele lw) wi 2 | om266] PIPEOFFSETS |_ circular Piping (antes) _ Piping inside and Outside Tanks 7 (265 PrP Oeuate inside and outside piping 6. Determine the center to center measur, cae te Se ee ae cae gro ac = wok tun — a Sale dts be oa earn Piping inside radius semua SECTION 7. Inside piping sectonal center to cente Metric Calculations: ‘measurements (C to ©) Boing inside radius = 3175 mm-254mm Imperial Calculations: = 2921 mm CoC measurement = 118 in. x .7653 VE 4, Ping ouside as tank rads + = 88 inches | distance between tank ng Metric Galcufations: ‘Imperial Calculations: CtoC measurement = 2921 mm x .7653 TRI Piping outside radius = 2285.44 mm IGONOMETRY 8. Qutside piping sectional center to cente Metric Calculations: measurements (C100) Piping outside radius = 175mm + 25¢mm Imperial Calculations: mm CtoC measurement = 135in, x .7653 5. Selectthe constant for: = 103.82(103 5/16) ‘and the number of pipe: inches the piping arrangement from table #70. Metric Calculations: ‘Consiant for 45 degrees = 0.7653 CtoC measurement = 3429 mm x .7653 Number of pipes required = 8 = 2624.21 mm’| Right Angle Triangles j267_ heore GONOAIETAY {_ Right Angles/Pythagoresn Theorum Tl _ 266| TRIGONOMETRY Ms - e-a+b co=vatsb ~qrigonometry Fight Angle Tenge Example: Pythagorean Theorum @-e-b} OR fa-Vooe ‘Angle C = 90 Degrees. beact— a 7 ‘Angle A + B = 90 Degrees In any right-angle triangle, the square of et unkoig the Pythagorean formula. Pyiemebhod ot inding te unknown Sse is shou in the following: taatett oi ‘mation #128 —Pnagras Teor Angle A = © (80 Degrees) ~ Angle B ‘Angle B = (90 Degrees) — Angle A {n illustration #130 the parts of a rightangle triangle are labeled: ‘are known, the third angle can be deter- Inined by the foot thet the angles of ¢ gettin: ‘angle ALWAYS equals 180 degrees. 2 8 ace ape i e Co tet ae Angles A +B + C = 180Degrees Perr Bee ork 2 hyper ‘One angle ofa right angle triangle wl Organica right ante tangle wil avaye Example #1: teruselonginG forarightange ements and: Finda typetor ec itee arm) or: sete se @ = igo mene (702m). rotor268|_TRIGONOWETRY | Right angle Triangle Retics _yRiGONOMETAY _ || Right angie Triangle Retics _|zee = 7 ‘Oppasite side is located directly opposite the pight Angle Triangle Ratios pie pene nee siege okesat ge arena soe er «+ Sine A- Ifthe length of side““a” to or adjacer ied the ‘same For each of the acute angles we can com- 4, select relevant formula given information “hypotenuse” ks ‘0 Faios or functions, The eb ratio re (gee tustraion #131) and ts pesitones Pen in able #71~ OF the sik angle fanc Sirectly across from the 90 deg Ss, sine, cosine and tangent are thetun- Gamentalonee noodedin ightengletiengle —™ catoulations, fatiosofthese sides make tpossibletofind 2. ftomtable #72, afr snyurknownangleorside. Theinformation side'"c" = side anders nested fin unknown arges orsides orrightangle viangles are givin in. 3, from table #72. 0 ae m table £73, th sine for a.90 degree ‘The calculated ratios or trigonometric fnc- tions arelisted in table #73 4, Imperial Metric known = 10 inches (254 mm) known ~ 30 degrees “These ratios between the sides are the {or al right angle triangles which ‘same acute angles, regardless oft of the sides, Flatios can be used to find he Tength of sides of any other right angle tr- langle withthe same acute enue, ao tarry 22 the length of one ofits sides is known. In defining these ratios, the tegs or sides of the triangle are usually referred to as either “opposite” the acute angle, or “adjacent” tothe ange. brant: ng 21 wet 254 In ilustration #132, calculate the length of ~ 5000 °° = 5000 thenypcteruse ecdedto connect wo poss thatarerumngperail 10 inches (254 in) apart sing 30 degree bows. 2Dinches —“c"” = 508mm. ‘c" = 1 ft. Bin,270| TRIGONOMETRY ___|_ Right Angle Triangle Ratios TRIGONOMETRY ____| rrigonometric Functions _ 271 GRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS. a, “TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS: 2 mb eens on, Hypaerise an - tangent A = esate tangent. Cosine con a 3, fom table #73, the tengont for | Team = Gepostesice |, Opp ‘egree ange = = ‘Adee Se ton $f Cotangent —Adjacert Side cate AD ‘Solution Steps: 4. Imperial Metric Seposie Se Ope tion ewan ~ —Hepstenees |. ta 4. selectrelevantformulagiveninformation ascent 6 co foowe: _Frpstense — ee ‘Doposte side o> Oe side” is known = 10 inches (254 mm) angle “A” Is known = 30 degrees,f a8) 8/2/28 eglez (evened jeg eeu i : ve a : Q y r B jit z i WEERUPSLAESHUS pag eannngagay SaRERH vanges eae a saal ‘RELSRONODEE ~ ABISINONODIL [zzz — t Knawouobu, — saqnaneg eae] Anawou “i — SS eS Baz]| eeseseseeeees eg efi QuBBeSeaRRNEEDERNeEsesss cosas gegeseeeseesss ef StS UOTE! mnie jp ROReURESUAREEEE EERIE ELEN) (@,woo) 374¥1 AWIBAIONODI. ‘Bee AREWOUOBLL | ee: anssneeenveeunasecsunsnall TaLsONOS SaOSERUIESERERLSTSEEEEEGUIE? t SaeUzSEREESEWEUESEORREEESE! SUE “1p, 69) 374i ANLINONOOTEL age, AnewoUOBE eaGRRRE EEC SER RELI Y RULSRONODL [P2Efsssecceeeneccanersesesesccncall exeseeeceeeesss sf eveee gue enoresenrennaiay? en Anmot—c8 we jpeueayenesenrzarnoneerennan| aif J pyvaawszsasaseacesannsennenses uwop) a TEL AULSIONODIEL pesseens 2 & RESEESSERINERESEOSEHERRIINEEN/ he ABLSWONODIL [822 81a. ~jETSRIONOORY ‘oe GyeuioueBEL |ge Annucvotnt— sc ot ez ‘AULEWONODIGL (10g) SGV AMLANONODIL [AnSwONOE TL | Te LNOAVTadld LHSIS NOILOAS —= ez| 280| PIPELAYOUT | Fabricated Fittings _ pipELAYOUT Layout Of Fabricated Fittings The pipe to thon cut, usualy with an on gytting OS@ Angle EIbows Fabricated Fittings [zor seve cremebasicftingtypesthatarevsed scetylon torch, folowing ree ped ‘mar in the installation of a butt welded piping produced by tracing the template. tien ine inmtalaion gone cringecan Direct Layout Method The pater” fh 7 Spetasslid as ether: Pbrcsted ings crew cecly on theo ‘etter, Manufactured Fitings fRorrunich te ting to bo made. Som , / 1 Sab PebricatodFitings ertnere commen Toon he i Fabsicated Fitings iow and martng are explained far) seta ttt dla spect Rt f Fabricated fitings are classified as ftings {hat are made up on the job site or in f2bri- ton p00 the job ste oF 9 FROM _Cutting Odd Angle Elbows From Manutactured Elbows Factory manufactured but welded elbor Cul provide for standard turns of 45a. "template development ‘situa * direct pipe layout require welded elbcw angles that are Template Development Method - A tal avaiable. The requred elbow Tey We ¢ // veel ing or template ts Ceveloped for fora standard stock elbow vsog tm fe Gzed eee ereatenshepe. Thetemplate cedureand lyoutdensions gven nik trevetod around the pipe andthe pate Wallon #13S and tabe #74. en [ioe rat is traced on the pipe surface. apes neon #83 -Cuting Ot Arg owe Mest OF Ouse ae Bact Ses Nak OF si AePIPE LAVOUT | Fabricated Fittings —_ | Febricatea Ftings is a lle le lle FF ale |286| PIPELAYOUT = | Establish Pipe Layout Lines _ pELAYOUT ; Establishing Centerlines On Pipe cee With Square And Level Pipe! ‘Top, bottom and side center layout lines can be loceted on horizontal pipe by the use of a steel framing square. The square is leveled a. mien 94-ter Sur te Cnn ‘With Plumb Bob And Tape Measure ee a eee On larger pipe, the top and bottom center The top ofthe plumb bob line is moved Qn, arger pipe, the top and bottom center Lior altho ine roseoe the teres Extending Straight Lines On Pipe plumb bob and a tape measure. A tape distance correspording to half of the pip. ‘Siraight lines along the length of pipe can. measure is placed across the horizontal ‘outside diameter. After this is completed,’ be e2Sily extended from established canter measure 1s papad across the Poh Pipe is marked al the top end boom it sso hes bythe use ol angle ircn.Apiece poclioned over the top ofthe pipe Bip is marked at the top nd bolo Ht range ronioplacedon tne peandteosea tor #8 n Anton er sa ae #135. For side or norizontal cer inas| a8 a Straight edge for extending the center- or Eee ota 17 urn and marke, nes along the cutside length ofthe pipe. fhosame menner| | Pipe Layout Lines/Sectoring _ peLAYOUT —-i_Pipe Layout Lines/Sectoris = 1287 2e6| PIPELAYOUT __ Layou ~ pt , vo paper folding method, a strip of pa Into Divisions “The sectors or divisions are then laid out| Inthe paper folding method, a strip of pay cgring PIPE: wrapping he tape measure around ihe pipe ‘and marking off the calculated. division points. This procedure is shown in lustre: tion #139. come xs Note: For accuracy, use a flexible tape , measure. i is “ paper ends, when placed on the pipe pe! ~ 3 ton ports for marking the | Nice the location pont fr marking the on into quarters. ator 108-Fet Paper for Cetin sectorng Pipe With a Tape Measure nee scree tarme eta sep lo find Ure pis fevers. This ‘nay be done by mult ie pipe’s out- ern Eon armenia rare conthe Ee : ee Seater nce Penatetn aE nnn-nnnen omnes feo ‘ous, or onsale ipe sizes by he paper Sanne ‘cumterence line.| tered Tums/Out Angie Factors | 250 __286| PIPELAVOUT ____| Witered Tums/Cut Angie ___pypE LAYOUT. Mitered Turns - 2 Piece Cut Angle Of iter “quvangle Fectors Tnordertotabricate asimpletwo piecemiter The cut angle ofa miter turn is the angie, — Inorderto atrmintormaton isreeded: which each piece cfpipeinthe tum mus |—eg | ree ue rere a) 4. Gut Angle of Miter Cut see illustration #140A. For a two pie, | 2 SL | 2. Factor ofthe Cut Angle tniler turn, the cut angle can be found, |“ af | 00620 cae |= cel oe 3. CutBack Distance viding the angle of the turn by 2. | & e510 ml | mer eo | re aa at CutAngle — Anglo OF Turn = 2 =e | ot zon | 2s 20 | ‘eeco 008 a ae Factor Of The Cut Angle ; seer sors | ar = | Tee ‘ oe 7 9] 13165 sexo | 77 aoe 75955 * tne . See [2 0) ser for | tor dee suo J 2 a] Sees foe a | Joss te ane | sot |S mre ar ne © gone | 29 90 | sor | oo 20 | ‘nace trenton 0h-Cet Angle * a s7ms_ | 40 2010 78 | 30 30] secce | 4 30 | ‘tox0s te tne tte 5 ‘sese6 | a1 oan see ooh sae1 fat 90 | ‘sr200 Jar 90 | saz sak en tee « ‘awus | oe caer | 2 ry auzr 2 wo | esmor | w0| stess ¢ a act | ss fon |‘ an weit [3320 | ‘seis | «2 30 | ea come im —7 abe Beha a « sass | 9 cnet | st 4 a aes ] 36 30) sara | 2s 20 | onzes = ‘oct | as croor_| 3s “0000 ust #408 Cut Back tance260) PIPELAVOUT | Miltered Turns —, pPERAYOUT _ ___|_ 2Piece hitter Layout 201 _-200|_PIPELAYOUT _ a * jo Piece Miter Layout —— oo ‘Common Two Piece Miters am] Bibegceracp Using a wrap-around as 2 guide, draw a9. Find the cut angle of the miter and cal ee seers siralgh line around te crcimferencyot ulate tho cut backelslance neoeeg eoomeerore |S OepeeFara | llustration #142A This ine 4. Layout the calculated cut back distance rey it become the center circumference ine. ‘oN each side of the center circumter weteyee rere le do-\Ss |S} ltrs. Label nese section tines af arc that just touches the starting cut starting at the top of the ppe __line atthe top of thepipe omen ya ing clockwise, as showin His. arterckcumference tne nto Fesiion san sna Pee Soon fas rs cunaenap | ounraenap NS evarate capa ce | camonsae | guesses iismtieaa lh : i ack = Bos Da Fa tet ee te Oa gen 42h Layout Ppa Catrines Manvaton 23428 Layout Ct Bac Deron fej bes mee 25|_2Piece wiiterLayout _____pIPELAVOUT _ 7. Reverse the wrap-around connecting the’ jquiti Piece 90 Degree Wi middle division les #2 and fe er he ss Dea! iter Turns tending cutline at oe | Fo ecm, re carvan Nos muplog iter ure cori cf ther ‘sed \ | _292|_PIELAVOUT __ itp ae pos Peal Pe — trade bythe wrap aro 0 bY Ie Weer cnyacetyone fae ery number of sections can torch, the entire cut should be made ir oar ten te orice Shgoraiontiao ng, See stone. Tutoring gus then followed by the sec. HONE cnocomangeat an turns: 2 CutAngle of Mitor by Factorofthe Cut Angle © Curseex uistance 4. Length of Sectional Pieces Note: Anideal method of cutting miters with a power band saw. e296| PIPELAVOUT =| ult Piece titers (Elbows) ___piPELAVOUT _ ‘Nuit Piece Witers Elbows) ie ut angle OF ter (Cut Back Distance ~ Gut Baek Distance tase __1285_ eee le tor a mui-pgce tum can be TheOD ofthe ipo x fatornummber divider 3. CUR BEC = 0.6" or 56 inches (15.9 nm) example vad enampe. The ut anle fr 2 mug rmaythe by 2 aesthetic on each side ofthe called distance (cutback dstnce) 2: FiNd Length Bfrthe mile sections of found by ding ho ange Orion center inolostan andendinortor ul.” gthonmarkedotioneachieotthecmnar He miter: times 2. Cut Back = Pipe 0.0. x Factor Of The Cy line. Length B (middle pieces) = Length A x __ Angie of Turn Angle 2 Length Of Sectional Pieces 2 = 6.43(163.3 mm) x 2 = 120600 12% Curarate ~ “No of welds x Z ramp 2 Layout to cut back cance Thelengh lhe places et makeup rt inches (826.6 mm). Note: Nunbercroride numberof mfer 2 4.net (700 mm) 4 pece 20 degree mits qjece miler tus are caleuated by the fo pnt puter et ane arg ange of 18 degree, fring method: ” : (derormined in example aps mais Pempte 1: Detomine the cut ange for as IRINA DIATE TL was ayy, Lente (end ploces) = rads x fact of inch (100 mm), 4 piece 90 degree mitered mined tobe 1 degiees. The factor num oy Ber for this, cut argle is obtained fron, Lenath B (middle plece(s)) = Length Ax 2 Number of welds = numberof pieces in table #75, The factor number using table Example 2: Find the lengtn noeded fo the iterminus 1 = 4 ~ 1 = Swelds, #75 — 26795. sedate pes ofa sich (0 nos a o miter elbow, given a miter 2 CMA = 9 2 o. crnbace - 20-0tFipe x CuLAnge Fee' ‘acius of24 Inches (608.6 mm). ‘Number of Welds x 2” 3x2 % {Pring Length A forthe end Sections ofthe ier: 3. Cut Angle = 15 Degrees 45 inches (114.31 267% Miter: Faster ofthe Out angi - 2 Length A (end pioces) = radius x factor of ‘of the Cut Angle catangle = 24 inches (609.6 mm) x .26795 “Thetactornumber foreach cutangleis found = 6.43 06% inches (163.3 mm). intable #75,_296|_PIPE LAYOUT Ordinate Lines ______. pypetavour Large Diameter Pipe Cut Lines The ‘ending points of the cut ioe Dirt Pi ee) (k ise Fig mae rd Lines Layutat eet rma and ends of velo eet clcuoted wig the fo. Teer accuracy.the following gives the lowing formula: ordinatolines #2 = Ordinatetine #1 x.924 recommended number of divisional lines for 0 ope x CtandeFectr ortinatolines #3 = Ordinate line #1 x 707 larger clameter pipe: ordinatelines #4 = Ordinate ine #1 x 983 Ornate inet = ; 4 To ind the engin of he remain urinate Max.PipeSize Min. HofDivisions ngs from the canter ine, use one ofthe fk. ONSION CH Se: 4" (100mm) 4 towing formulas: ordinatelines #2 = Ori 10" (250mm) 8 S ate a 24” (eoomm) 16 Deeion TE ongoate tee #5 — Orsnete 42" (100mm) & (Ordinate line #2 = Ordinate line #1 x .707 i pecan tie anaes 1 te 3 Init Oven ard Ort argh Lire tatretion #1458 DMan Create Lines298 PIPING LAYOUT _ Al Multiple Ordinate Lines ‘Exempe # Layout the cut ie fora 12 ch {200 hen pine which sto bo ritered fr the {Benicar of two piece oO degree elbow ind tho cut angle needed fr the miter wr cutrege ~ 2088R — as ceprees 2, Determine the factor number rom tue Factor nmber Using Table 75 = 1 Scale to retort Owinsttine = Fen OD. x 2 12,78 in. (24mm) x 1 2 QrdinateLines pipe LAYOUT a Nets owen Tio pies tea Se aia CraGm Ligh Sal mira tapout Tosi Ordre inches (162mm) x 924 ~ 59h Label these division nes 42, Oe tein) Inches (50 rm) Haring atthe top ofthe pipe GranstoLines¥2.= Ornate Line#1 x 7H qown'n both drecions ta the mid Crt nee i2nm) x TOT 4Be tepoe- Rolo the pipe 180 degrees feninyctrasmm inbe the botiom secton cvs near yeci CudnateLine#t se, meseMemanner Seo lustre eactertoonms a «ty a clatter ny (2m ol s rca Fee ea corer Une OtFing , (arte mee am he described previously. Draw the divisi, sides pas} {ikes on both sides of the centerline ala) intersecting along the ordinate lines 12, the length of the gipe. 7 le race the curvature made by the wrap- around chao soapstone ent ho Fras, Me mitoang curs ten Erato ce hn oh A edn on a6 ono ha ‘Mutton #148 Tee Branch Cnrnctons____|_ Tee Layout (Sadete tn) {301 Note: The curve should start at a location | { 300; PIPELAYOUT _ __|_ Tee Layout (Saddle In) = pIRELAYOUT Tee Layout 1. Measure and mark a distance equal” ree Lavout (Saddle In) Gnehelolthepipe'sinsice dametering 4 FM the center circumference line approximataly two times the pipe wall (Equal Size Branch And Header) ‘around the pipe, continue both #2 divt- thickness up trom, (equal Sze Branch Andviene an _eendetigppe Uargawaparay meme, cvtnuaon ts dvr Wekneasupham tend olthiipo, soe SiS" 5, Positon awreparound sothalitiomsa 8 When branch piece, a radial Te ererece Wie base tne U-ahapOM arc hat just touches cision cults made, grg a square cul edee Th on fing Hon the contr citcumferene> ine the pipe, 2, Divide the center circumferenceline in 3 J2e, ue, guaes ore, Biased So they four equal parts in le side division lines#Z at Tee Header Layout Procedure ‘3. Number the four division Ey Te wae ne CUNAIS An gasy way of eotabliching the top and bottom ardor b aP-arcundwitchakora tha ‘header Yor a tll ize tei 1 use he : soapstone. division lines, seeilustration 149A. , Reverse the wrap-around or rotate the Prepared branch piece as the template for xd connect the botiom division ine pening traced using the branch piece ashe gue, fee iron 180. come nea # aoe os AL: ; ree hen cto th peng tay, TeeLayout Procedure Sadan : : ona tons la et “This method apples to the branch project- Vile wraparound on division ines #2 canbe the cutting tipi held porpencular tothe ing inside of the header with the outside of fe 21D. ot Pe 1 Teundedoutby cravingateehanccuve, center of the pip, see ustation F780. thebrach tingtothe ouside of the header aes radial cutis made. agi sade #1488). Both methods of iayout ere ‘explained in the following procedures.toone eter to each side of the top division fn, #1. Use apiece of angle iron ora straig. 8, The point formed at ‘edge to extend the division line #1 toth wraparound at poin marked off distances. Label these marke Off cistances as points, A aid © inte sects. 4, At the intersection of the center circur {erence line and the side division lines f. label as point C. _|_ Tee Header (Saddie in) 303! 306|_ PIPE LAYOUT |_ Reducing Tee (Seda On) ppELAYOUT Reducing Tee Layout (Saddle On) 5. Position a wrap-around so that it forme," ucing Tee — ‘This method of layout applies to the branch *« peaucing Tee (Saddle On) ofthe teesitingon the header wih the side ofthe branch aligning with the outside ofthe header wall. {e'Measure and mark a distance equa! to Bpproximatery one-hall re pipe"s inside ____|_ Reducing Tee (Saddle On) Ordinate Line Distances [305 ePometer from the end of the pipe. Usin around with chalk of @ Soapstone onto arate ome eo cececansrage ape, Tia no becomes to cat tee QTE aU ee cumieroncsottheppe we branch, 7. Rovere the wraparound of tt 2 ner czcumierercetineinto be, camectng the oppose ong era crcuriroce tigi tesvhinebeion ce, rote hp Poe ses unde aod one cones Grune froGnee gain tracing the curvete 3 vision fines as shown in made By the wraparound intersect, serene: tr tne ornate ies. reer ee setoct the branch size & When curing. navel Hoes: Ces rea From table #76, select he Cree ine cute made gig s square cul ooon! = ae comeaponding heater re Maan (heipe. Abavel oul stoned febrcated loenoeded The WPetctioare __Dranchafterihoheader mertng cE ‘measured and marked off from the cen- thal rmeaautsiterence ine along each ofthe ua funbered dvsion ines.a= ! ordinate Line Tabie PELAYOUT Ordinate Line Table ov = = a Ve ‘RORATE Une STAN Fon TEE COWEETIONS inate] ‘SRDRATELNE DOTANCE FORTE COMECTINS chon) Hendrie Sis iinetes| Ue a [oe sco [ase [oem [a0 [ee [oo | oD ae [ oe [ae [|e al 5h yf aul elon] y[e— 1 — 1) [== [ales wl} ef s{ 5/2} e/-/=[=/-| =} =]5 =(2 a) ef ela a 2|-p-)opeter =|z2 {w/o} 6} 5/2] 2{=]=/=| =} =] 3 =[=[slels]s|s| |] eel el elele -|=|e{w{alo/s| «| el] s|s| s| als =|=]=[e[e[a] fol ef 6] so) sls] 2 SS See ee) a =[-|-]-lzla/e] |] «| 3 2 =|=|=|-[elslalala| a 3 -|-|-l-|-lel@lele2/e 6 2 =|=|=|=|=|elele| ele Ey 5 ‘ibe #78 — Orta stance or Tes Coonectone ae)aoa |_PIPELAYOUT | Reducing Tee (Saddte) ____ pIPELAYOUT. 7 __|_Reducing Tee (Quieisy 309 Tal ing Tee Quick Layout Methog p Tee Quick Layout Method 4. is ting at Reducing Tee Header (Seti) ne Layo Scien a mine ot Seonere je rence wie il for the a ) Sr header opening, see ilustration #1548, Series ay Caste he fe 4 2 ference lineon the top of the pipe remains in the sane. position.header opening and trace the cut lire onto Sear ateesiaat Sieimanayecee Rocked s fee epecge maces i seerermrecrere then radial cut with no bevel neeced. Reducing Tee/Lateral (Quick) _peLaVOUT __t_Lateral Layout _ ___|3tt Layout eral Layout ‘8. Label the interseciing points of the branch Lenape cata tg ME cae Lapeer iaetench drawing to determine the cut ies nee, ' and header ofthe lateral noes the lateral and point B at the front of the ng 9 determin shealr surface. The branch centerline lateral, ‘for eteral fabricatior is taken off from the header cente: line 4. Connect point A to point C and point B to usingihedesredanglefortekzieral Te point wih straight ines onthe oener re Ca intersection between these two linos ls __ Rem iuctraion agc06, - marked G, nF ISBA, 5. On the actual lateral he 7 2 Drawn the ‘ot pipe arund _*” center creumnferonce A r the center lines. The istance on each fer line equals ¥ othe 0.0. a the pipe, see illustration #1538.| 1 912| PIPE LAYOUT. I 7 Lateral Layout (Quick iethod) _pypELAYOUT | eran i Lateral Branch Layout *ateral Branch Layout Quick Method For Reducing Lat FOU stance horizontal from 1 Bide the branch pipe into fOUr eqy /e awraPraroundto connect point on ig Laterais 8 Mensye ne detancs ror imor. secionsnearthe ppeend.. °© pe fottm dvsion line ard he conor AGHEKathod of ying cutbath te header 0. Boris located and markedotfonthe fwostedhicton ines otheacualpPe. 9, Rurap-aroune is used te connect ol ‘onthe top dvsion into the sided Slontnes pan ©. The curvature maze Ey he wraparound is waved onte the Draw argh omg meat point Bon, pants Calthe on of the pipe, ltyouterming be used esabasotet fren cng Bam the oader ond ‘he distance botwecn inter panehs ft Ube amie ctfotowod bya ‘Gand ine base tne, see ky bovlcu. ‘STA. ‘actual branch pipe, mark of ty ‘determined in step 2 from ty pipe. Draw in acenter circuy ference line at this point, whi 4, ‘drawing tothe baseline. Markoff this tance on the top division line from t baze tine on the Pipe, See HUsta 8a ine ‘A wrap-around is used to connect point tothe center division lines Cat the end; the pipe, The curvaiure made by the wr ‘around is traced onto the pipe. CF ‘are the ‘needed in thei nee layout Yor the 2 3s Sie iain Sue cosetentome ann header ane branch, Ising a long sharpened soapstone held ‘against the branch, smoothly trace the header opening cutie using the branch 1 a5 the auido, th the branch stil tacked in position, ‘establish distance D on both the op and bottom of the branch pipe. This wil locate the starting and sopping distance sothat Point A will not go off the pipe end when {racing the curve cul line onto te branch__3t4|_ PELAYOUT ‘Reducing Lateral Quick Method 4. Lay 6 email straight edge alongside the brarch with the end just touching the header. Hold a marker or soapstone at point A on the straight edge and move fhe straight edge accurately around the branch, keeping the end against the header. Lateral (Quicky/Orange Peet — ! ____ Lateral (Quicky/Ora preLAYOUT Orange Peet Layout Pind dstance Xin table #77 and markthis ; Pesce Ene tryandmatine = Place & Wrap-around on the mark and epee raw ina center circumference line atthis. Selentlant 5, Cutting should be racial, followed by & beveling cut for the header hole. Orange Peel Layout tach section cherry red and ben ‘A method of capping off a pipe end by, peas irte the. ested shape, Wald each a ee ting ané welding tre pipe end, when am, sectionof the orange peel +t Ufaetured cap i nat avalable is refer, eu T festhe orange peel method. The numbs [ore | Boat Back Sections tor une wayout te x ge | m= Tried from table 477 Se aca j ‘7 Divide the end ofthe pipe needing} ‘number of sections 01316| _PIPELAYOUT “True Wye (Y) Equal Diameters “This method of layout establishes a full size Grawing to determine the cut lines needed {or the true wye fabrication. 317 ines. The distance or each Eide of the center line equals ¥2 of the {O.D. of the pipe, see illustration #1608. ‘5. Labol, the intersecting points of the the cont 4, With straight lines, connect points Ato D, B to and CtoD, see illustration #160C.i True Wye/Tempiates i319 Template Development ta piece of pipe was cut lengthwise unfolded outwards unt it was straight it WOU take the shape of aflat piece of The same piece of pipe marked fora miter cut and scribed with parallel lines evenly spaced vrould Bo projected In the Mat 2 shown inillstration #168, 318, PIPELAYOUT_ i Truewye True .der) Layout True Wye Branch Layout. B Avreprrounds sed toconnect point 1" Measure the distance X on the dr ‘onthe op avsion ne tothe sige ve sion lines point D. The curvature made By ihe wrap-around te waced onto the pe, coe litraton FIG". 10. Theturaparoundisrepostionedto con eet porn Bone bottom chsion ie Sndthe center points D altho endothe pipe, Pont 8 anc points D are marked Enc traced in he seme manner. 11, Thus marked curvatyretine becomes the Cutline or the header of he wye. ee ap ranan 5 aoe Vom he base ine along the boc Bacon iano Pact eg : a ‘on the top division line #1 to the side div- Te 'erchee end tee Secoe ar ir Calan hen bose\ _320|_PIPELAVOUT Template Develo 1e and projection principle fat templates can be developed for fied fabrication of various fittings. Templates are usually developed by drawing corresponding end and side views ofthe needed miter or fiting and. projecting selected segments on toa fat surface. This flat surface then becomes the wrap around template needed to trace the fitting contour ‘onto the pipe’s surface. The template devel- ‘opments are generally produced on drew- ing paper and then transterred to thin gasket ‘material or thin sheet metal for durability. Development Of Miter Tun ‘Templates ‘Any angle of miter turn can have a tempate ‘developed for tracing and marking the con- {our ofthe cut line onto the pipe. The rriter angle used inthis example is 45 degrees. | Template Developmentiviters 1 2 peLavour. Ei im Tertate nate ple of peper raw accion, a the diameter equal to the outside dian, jo | ter of the pipe, see illustration #1644, Broo boon to rte or ei, OF the’ pipe showing hema ant Seat Divide the top circle into 12 equal pan, ‘and number each dividing line 8 ing. cated. Extend the divisiontines from the boti, 1 TempiateDevelopmentiiiiters | 321 6. From the miter angle, extend each divi ‘sion line horizentally until itis directly over the corresponding number on the circumference line. Extend the correspond jing circumference division line up vertically until Nersects with the horizontal divis 7. Drawa smooth connecting curve between all of the intersection points on the flat ‘development. haa ofthe circle down onto the side vie, drawing of the pipe and miter angle, a shown inillustration #1648. To one side of the drawing, establish straight line equal to the circumfereng ‘of the O.D. of the pipe. Divide this tre into 12 equal spaces and nut arate #16 tr Tan Layout322, PIPELAYOUT 45 Lateral Template” ype LAYOUT. 4. Lines are extended down from the sendy > nse tender ar eg Dee Lateral Tempe Equa) ea roman welopmant for the branch, 83) —— the side view. The length ¢ equals the circumference ¢ Circle drawing into 8 equal parts and ‘number each division line, as shown in ilustraion #165A and #1658. 3 Lines are extended down from the division lines on the end view drawing, siop- ping 2s they contact the round circle Shaped neader. ‘Inese tines are men extended diagonally across onto the side

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