Economy 2

ECONOMY
9 =O^=@
\ sH [~ q^~ $^~H Ja#O^#. Q2
#`# sH q^#O q[ ^# HHO ZH#q (~ 3) J<k JOîH
è#^. Q2~ 3 ZH#g H< 1 WO_ < ZH#qH KOk#k
HQ, H<2 Z..ZH#qH O|OkOz#k. #`# sH q^#O
x~OK ~ O_= Q2 H=_O = 2008 [iy# Q2 ZH#q
~ (~ III)# ije ~o UqÔ Q L#n? J=Q# K H=K.
x*xH Q2 ~ 3 H< 1H KOk# WO_ < ZH#q |
"Ò q sx ZH<qH P# ~ x |# ukHQ fHx
~OkOK_O [iyOk (6 x@ fH=_O [iyOk). ZH#q Ò
O~ J=Q# ~"O> =# Q P^~: 2008 Group II ZH#q
~ x ij#. q s ZH<qH P# ~ O|OkOz# Q`
` ij# W\ =~ P# sH q^#O Z...Z.. "~
x~Oz# ZH#qH P# ~ x ij#.
q^~ J=Q#H q ZH<qH P# ~ 15 O=`~
`x , Z...Z.. "~ x~Oz# qq^ sH O|OkOz
=~ 15 ZH<qH P# `x (2005 Q2, 2000
Q2, Q l>_, << Q l>_ "^# q) q^~ H~~O W=_O [iyOk.
=YOQ =}H H P^~OQ XHH x\ =MO, X< =~
P#~ a\OH, q^~ H H =iHx H a@ W=_O [iyOk. ~ 3H
g~ Kk" =}H H`@ D "\i _ O~OQ
^^_ Q ^x, g q[xH =~O KQ ^x Pt. ....
g
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
INDEX
1.Civil Services 2008, 09, Group - II 2008
q+}` _# q=~} (D x\ O|OkOz).. 03

(with Explanations).......................................
15
3. =$k Ja=$k
Z) =MO...............................................................
a) H ~O\................................................................
) =Y"# QO^.......................................................
a\OH
22
32
33
_) One word Questions ............................................
35
W) Z...Z.. Q` ` ..........................
Z) x=i\ Q` ` ............................
l) H .............................................................
4. Q}OHO
Z) =MO..............................................................
a)=Y"# `.......................................................
) H ~O\...............................................................
a\OH
50
61
68
2. "_ ~
_) One word Questions..............................................
W) Z...Z..Q` ` ............................
Z) H ............................................................
5. 27042008# [iy# Endowment E.O. Examination.......
6 . Group - II 2008 -=^<............................
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83
95
99
101
120
126
146
149
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
CIVIL SERVICES 2008 - ECONOMICS
1.e 1 (=#)#, e 2 (q=~})` [`K H_# LyOz i# =^<x Z#H#O_.

e 1 (H<)
e 2 (ZH<+<)
Z) îH q+=
1. "#H|_# ^ PiHa=$k ~}H @|_ sQ ~Q^
a) Oè` =$k
2. ` =~ @|_` O aOK@.
) aQ +
3. JO`~ O|O^ i= XHi @|_ @@.
1) Z a
2) Z a
3) Z a
4)Z a
231
123
213
132
[:1
q=~} :
îH q+= J<q ` = ~ @|_` PiH == O
aOz#_ U~_#. Wk
~Q~#~ ` =__ LOk.
JO`~ O|OÔ
Q i= UHHO @|_ \ =$k kOK@ Oè`=$k. nx
~Q~#~ Ja=$k K#.
"#H|_# ^ PiHa=$k [~QO> s~ @|_ \x aQ + ÔÒ `Òk.
nx ~*< < ~_< ukOK#.
2. HOk"x Wage-goods model ("`# = #=<)# Ja=$k K#k
1) Z". _
2) Z.H. <
3) =H |#O^
4) = <a
[:3
q=~} :
= <a s i= =x (=^#
O^` û H ^#` W) ~OkOK#. Wk
~ O_= OK=~ }oH P^~" O k. nxH `=OQ .Z<. =H =i .P~. |#O^ "`#
= =x (= O^` ^` ^#` W) `= "# "Planning for an Expanding Economy"
1956 Ja=$k Ki .
3. *a` I (PiH"`)x, *a` II (=# / ÔÒ)` [`KO_.
*a` II (=# / ÔÒ)
*a` I (PiH"`)
Z. ~Q~ #~
1. H "+ e Ò
a. .Z<. ~*< < ~_< 2. Oè` =$k ÔÒ
. Q<~ q~
3. aQ + ÔÒ
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
_. Z.F.~=<
4. JOè`=$k ÔÒ
H_ : 1) Z a _
2) Z a _
2134
4312
3)Z a _
4)Z a _
2314
4132
[. 3
q=~} :
~Q~ #~ Oè`=$k Ô`x
~*< < ~_< aQ + Ô`x
Q<~q~ H "+ e `x
Z.F. ~=< JOè` =$k Ô`x Ja=$k Ki .

4. = <a #=< U }oH J=OaOK_O [iyOk.
1. "^\ OK=~ }oH
2. ~ O_= OK=~ }oH
3. =_= OK=~ }oH
4. <= OK=~ }oH
[:2
q=~} :
~_-_=~ #=< P^~OQ "^\ OK=~ }oH
=<a< #=< P^~OQ ~ O_= OK=~ }oH
JH "` #=< P^~OQ =_= OK=~ }oH
5.
JH ~^ =i Alan-S.Manne #=< PÔQ 4= OK=~ }oH ~OkOK|_Ok.

'PiHa=$k =< O|OkOz Jq Ja=$k K|_# =~H=O D qÔQ LOk.
Z) Hh J=~ ^$HÔ (Basic needs approach)
a) ì P^ ^$HÔ (Percapita Income approach)
) =#= Ja=$k z ^$HÔ ( Human Development Index approach)
1) Z, a,
2) a, Z,
3)a, , Z
4)Z, , a
[:2
q=~} :
ì P^ ^$HÔ 1960 O^ ^$HÔ
Hh J=~ ^$HÔ 1970 O K OH
=#= Ja=$k p ^$HÔ 1990 UNDP
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
6.
=$k Ja=$kH O|OkOz, HOk "x ^xx =$kQ ~.

1) ^=~O Q GNP =$k
2) ^=~O Q ì PÔ =$k
3) "= ~O Q GNP =$k
4) "= ~O Q ì P^ =$k
[:4
q=~} :
^ *fÔ ~Q^ =$k. J~` Wk [< ~Q^ "x iQ}#xH fH^.

H|\ ì GNP ^ ì PÔ ~Q^ =$k. ^=~O ì PÔ HO> "= ~O
Q ì P^=$k '=$kQ =|_#. ^=~ ì PÔ ^~ ~Q^ =O
He LO_#. ^~ ~Q^ = ì PÔ iy< Ja=$kQ =~^.
7.
Two - GAP model
~O_ JO`~O\~. nxH O|OkOz, HOk "x i#k Uk
Z) ~ "# = JO`~O
a) ^ @|_ JO`~O
1) Z =`"
2) a =`"
3) Z =i a
4) Z H^, a H^
[:2
q=~} :
Two - GAP model J< =# Holls. B. Chenery Ja=$k K#. D Ô^ JO`~O
2 JO`~O\~.
Z) "#H|_# ^ @|_H i_# O` ^ O H^. nxx ^ @|_ =^

JO`~O JO^~.
a) ZQ=` q=HO> kQ=` q= Z=O@Ok. H|\ ZQ=` kQ=` JO`~O U~_#.
"^\ ^x ^ JO`~O Jx, ~ O_=^x q^j =~H ^= JO`~= x ~ . H|\ (2)

i # =^#O.
8. XH ^ÒO =^QÒ 20.6 =i HO 26 J~` ^x JOH =^=O

ZO` ?
1) 16
2) 17.9
3)18.4
(Mean)
4)19
[:2
q=~} :
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Z = 3 med 2 mean
26 = 3 (20.6) 2x
26 = 61.8 2x
26 61.8 = 2x
35.8 = 2x
35.8
=x
2
17.9 = x
9.
~O* =H~Y ^xx J^#O K@ LQ_#

1) Q@
2) q~}=<
3)O|OÔ
4)pOY
[:2
q=~} :
q~ }
# H=_xH L yOK ~ Mz` H=#" ~O* =HY . =H F.~O* ~` Wk
=__ LOk.
10. =# O} [normal distribution] H O|OkOz i#k Uk?
4#O > K` ~O qK#O
1) =}H qK#O > =^ qH qK
= DM
5#O > =}
H qK#O
2) K` ~O qK#O > =^ qH qK
3) =^ qH qK#O > =}H qK#O > K` ~O qK#O
4) K` ~O qK#O > =^ qH qK#O > =}H qK#O
[:1
q=~} :
XH += q[#O ^~}O JxO\HO > =}H qK#O Z=Q LO_, K` ~O qK#O
` =Q LO_#.
2
QD =
3
=}H qK#O Q.D 2/3 =O` LO@Ok.
=}H qK#O M.D 4/5 =O` LO@Ok.
H|\ =}H qK#O > =^ qH qK#O > K` ~O qK#O
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
11. H\
H\ O|O^ Q}Hx Q}OKO^ i# `"k
1)
2)
3)
4)
[:2
q=~} :
~=< Q}`H JO =^ O|O^x Q}O
KO^ H\ O|O^ Q}Hx L yOK#.
^
12. HOk"x Uk Hi=~# =i H~H i=~# sH# O`$~K#.
1) ~ pOY 2) +~ pOY
3)jpOY
4)Hbp
[:2
q=~} :
+
~ pOY Hi=~# , H~H i=~# sH # ~ O_O\x O`$ ~ #. JO^K Wk P^~ pQ
=|_Òk.
13. Q}=^=O (Geometric Mean) O` U p OY xiOK|_Ok.
1) ~ p
2) + 2d~ 62d222pdd666
3)j p
4) p
1
=
r
1
[:2
n1
1323N
nn
)1 2nN
(N
q=~} :
+
~ p OY ~, j Q}=^ =O

p ~, j JOH=^ =O.
14. O|O^ Q}HO nx#Oz ÒÒQ LO@Ok.
co-efficient of correlation is independent of which of the following?
1) Change of origin only (=O#Oz
2)
3)
4)
=~)
Change of scale only (`~
#Oz =~)
Change of origin and scale (=O `~
#Oz =~)
None of the above (Un H^)
[:3
q=~} :
O|O^ Q}HO J<k =O, `~ =~ #Oz ÒÒQ LO_#. JO> qÒ H^.
[Co-efficient of correlation is independent from change of origin and scale. Thus no impact on correlation
Co-efficient].
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
CIVIL SERVICES 2009 - ECONOMICS
15. ~" ~# 'O^H =[O H}O Uk

Z) iq` Lù O
a) ` *HO O_@
) #@<H ~O L# G OHuH i*#O _)==H~H PkH `
1) Z, a, _
2) Z, a,
3)Z, , _
4)a, , _
[:3
q=~} :

~" =$k ^ "^\ ^ Traditional society. nx H}
#@<H ~=# G, OHuH i*#O P^~OQ U~_# =[O.
nx iq`" #
Lù O LO@Ok.
nxx WO_
* JO^~.
^j [< 75% #
==O < P^~_ ` ~.
[ qxQ J=~ # qye#k q rqÒ Y~ K~ .
16. ~O* =H~Y gx =^ O|O^x `#.
1) P $+ =i P^H#
2) [< Q =i `` O|O^ P^"\
3) x~^y` =i ^"}O
4) "`# O =QO@ =i qOu
[:2
q=~} :
~O* =H~ Y P^,O^, O} Q J=#`# `#. 0x JHO [<=~`x,
0y JHO P=~ [< "Ò PÔ O^`x QiOz ~O* =H~ Y# xi~

JO> P~}H=O U~@K# [<#, "Ò PÔ O^ "\# ~O* ~ Y èK O k.

x~^y` ^"} ~ @Q O|O^x ` k e =H~ Y.

"`# O, xQO@qOuH =^ Q O|O^x ` k "#H =Oy# = ~ ~ Y.
17. K# x~^y` J<k D iux `Òk.
1) iHO HO> ` =Q "i= J=~O J~#\H, iHO =$` xK # @ H#_@
2) x~^y`, ^"}O r=#O K @
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
3) iHO xK @ = ` =Q "`< KeO K|_@.

4) PiH= = Jx~^y`=Ò LO_@.
[. 1
q=~} :
J=~"# "iHO> Z= =Ok x x=QLO__x K#x~^y` JO^~. g~ x~^QQ
L#@"iH _ è^. gi LO` L`^H` #OQQx, ~}`HOQQx LO@Ok. JO> K #
x~^Q iHO ==# xK # @ H#_`~. x*xH gi= HkHO =`" J=~O .
18. HOk"x i#k Uk
Z) ^x H, ^ ^ =^ , qq^ ~ ^x H, ^=~ =^ "q ^ O LO_@HH ~Q`~=_"
Ô^Ò (Dualism)
a) P^ xH *=O =[O (Leftists), ~ > (Rightists) Q ~[H q[ # [~Q@
Ô^Ò(Dualism).
1) Z =`"
2) a =`"
3) Z a
4) ~ O_ iH^.
[: 1
q=~} :
"#H|_# ^ Lù H P^ xH OHuH i*#O J=OaOK ~OQO JkH L`^H` , ~`#
OHuH i*#O J=OaOK ~OQO JL`^H` LO@Ok. L`^H` =` = P^ O^
=`~ _ ^x H ^=~ =^ JO`~ ~Q# nx Ô^Ò JO^~.
19. HOk "H i#k QiOKO_
Z) JkH ì PÔQ ^ JkH P Q L I x He LO\~.
a) JkH ì PÔQ ^h JkH P Q L I x He LO_e# J=~O ^
(Countries with high PQLI need not necessarily have high per Capita Income )
1) Z =`"
2) a =`"
3) Z =i a
4) Z, a ~ O_H^
[.3
q=~ } :
^~}OQ ` = ì PÔQ ^ P Q L I q= ` =Q# Z= ì PÔ Q

^ P Q L I q= Z=Q# LO@Ok.
J~#\H Hx ^ ì PÔ JkHO Q L#\H P Q L I q= JOQ LO_=K. ì

PÔ ` ="# \H P Q L I p JkHO Q LO_=K.
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
20. P^ J=#` nx ^~ Q}OK=K

1) JOH=^ =O
2) =^ qH qK#O
3) =}H qK#O
4) ~O* =H~ Y
[. 4
q=~ } :
~O* =H~ Y q~ }
# ~ MzÒ ^~ HeK =#O. nx O` P^ J=#` Z\ L#"
`H=K. P^=O} ~ Y ~O* =H~ Y ^~OQ LO> J=#` Z=Q L#@, ^Q~ Q
LO> J=#` ` =Q L#@ K =K.
21. XH ij# JOH=^ =O 12, =^ QÒ 14, J~#K HO ZO`
1) 16 2)26
3)18
4) 13
[. 3
q=~}: HO 3 =^ Q` 2 JOH=^ =
3(14) 2(12)
4224
18
22. K# x~^y` ^~}OQ D ~OQO H#_#.
1) =# HiOQ ~OQO
2) ==O 3) z#`~ i= 4) @}
O`
[. 2
q=~ } :
^~}OQ == ~OQO J=~" # x"i HO> Z= =Ok xK O \~. gi< K # x~^Q
JO^~.
23. ''u~ `# _=O_# `< $+OKO@Ok H|\ [OQ O~ L^y` LO@Ok. J<
ÔÒ nx` O|O^= Ok.
1) 'Ò 2) y< " i Ò
3) Q L^y` Ò 4) H< L^y` Ò
[. 1
q=~} :
J.B. Say ' Supply creats its own Demand' J< =~\ `x ukOK#. u~
`# Demand #
`< $+OKO@Ok H|\ =~\ _=O_ H~` LO_^x, eÒQ Lù J~# =~t JO`
qH~OK|_@= JkH Lù, x~^y` LO_^< # . H|\ PiH == O~ L^y` LO@Ok.
24. HOk "x 'a<OQ~ ÔÒ ^xH KOk#k
1) Ja=$k ^ =~H x|O^# O|OkOz#q
2) Ja=$k KOk# ^ H}
KOk#k
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
3) Ja=$k ^ q^j "~ KeO =`xH KOk#k.

4) Ja=$k KOk# ^ q^j"~ KeO =`xH KOk#k.
[.1
q=~} :
Ja=$k KOk#, Ja=$k KO^`# ^=^ q^j"~O [iy`, =~H x |O^# Ja=$kKO ^`# ^
uOQ LO\x, Ja=$kKO k# ^ aO^`x 'aOQ~ ÔÒ K Òk.
Group II - 2008
1. 'Stages of Growth' J<
1) = < l<\
Ô`= Z=i` =_ _#k?

2) He< H~
4) w.w. ~"
3) = <
[. 4
q=~} :
Ô H =$k qq^ ^ ^~ [~QÒ^x PiH" ` JaO.
H~= ~ _e[O, @|_îq^#O, ="Ô, H=x[O ^~ =[O Ja=$k KO^Ò^<# .
w.w. ~" O^ =[O, =

# ^ =O^ i` , = # ^, iH ` Q=#O, =H
qxQ ^ ^~ =[O Ja=$k KO^Ò^<# .

2.
w.w. ~" "# QOÔ

" The Stages of Economic Growth"
w.w. ~ "
PiHa=$kH Hx ^ zOK#. Jq U=#Q
1) O^~H =[O 2) = #^
3) _" @ "Ki\
4) JkH qxQ^ HO
[. O~O Q ^ . ~" # ~# 4 ^ # KzOK#.

3. p OY# HOz# "i XH~
1) + ~
2) Z_= ~
3) Q
4) _<
[. 1
q=~} :
p OY# ~, j, _i+, , + ~ , =~Z_= ~, H b ~OkOzi.
J~` 134 p OY# ijeOz, XH P^~ px ~OkOz#k +~ H|\ pOY

Z=Q
+ ~ ` =__ LOk.
4. =#= Ja=$k zH JO=Hxk
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
1) ~`^ = P+ O=`
2) JH~`~ @ =i ~ Q@
O=`~
3) t =~} ~ @
4) PÔ
[. 3
q=~} :
1979 "i _q_ "i 3 JO fHx P.Q.L.I x xiOK#.
Z) P~ O a) t =~}~ @
) JH~ `
D 3 JO O H JO.
1990 U.N.D.P "~ ~OkOz# =#"a=$k ~ O_ O H JO XH\ PiH JOO Q=.
Z) P~ O a) JH~ `
"i P.Q.L.I t=~}~ @ XH JOO. Hx U.N.D.P "i HDI t=~} ~ @ H OK|_^ .

ì P^x fH=_O [iyOk.
) ì PÔ
5. Oè` =$k J< =# HH O|OkOz#k.

(The idea of balanced Growth is related to the classical )
1) [ PiH = J< =#
2) i L^y` =`=#
3) =~@ q^ (Law of markets)
4) Ja ^Ò (school of thought)
[. 3
q=~} :
Oè` =$k^ O`x ~Q~ #~ Ja=$k K#. J~` Wk J.B. Say ukOz# '=~\ Ò
P^~_ LOk. 'u~ `# Demand # `< $+O KO@O^x Say Ò è* O k. nx q=~
LOk. =~ t ~ iy` Lù H~H _=O_ ~QÒk. =YOQ =^# _=O_ ~Q#.
Hx =^# O `# ~ x `# $+O KH^ H^!
6. Ja=$k H~ si= @|_ \x "kOz# Ja=$k Ô`=
1) H\ H qx=" Z~
2) aQ +
3) JOè` =$k
4) Oè` =$k
[. 2
q=~ } :
îHx `yO z q+=# KkO KO^ si= s ~ @|_ \x aQ + ÔÒ
`Òk.
7. PiH == "\aH ~OQ r=<x U=x~.
1) xO`} PiH ==
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2) @|_^s q^#O 3) =Ô`~ ~OQO

12
4) q= PiH= =
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
[. 4
q=~ } :
xO`} PiH= = Ò ^ # ` +OK#. Lù JO` Ò Pn#O LO_#.
@|_ ^s q^#O Lù JO " @

= Pn#O LO_#.
q= PiH= = ` =i " @
~OQ ~ O_ He r=#O K~. nxH =Oz
L^~} WO_ .
1948 iqH f~#O ^~ WO_ q= PiH= = <k _O k.
8. ~`Ô H ~O_= OK=~ }oH ~H# K#k Z=~?

1) |#O^
2) = <a
3) ~__=~
4) KH=i
[. 2
q=~ } :
"^\ }oH ~__=~ #=< J#iOK_O [iyOk.
~ O_= }oH =<a =x J#iOK_O [iyOk.
= <a s i= =xH `=OQ =H =i |#O^ "`# = =x

~OkOzi. J~< Wk 2= }oH J= H^ .
9.
U.N.D.P
"~ xi# =#=Ja=$k zH ì P^HxH nxx fO\~.
1) NNP per capita

2) GDP per capita
3) GDP per capita US $ in terms of purchasing power parity
4) GDP per capita in US $ at market Exchange Rate
[. 3
q=~ } :
U.N.D.P.
"~ ~OkOz# =#"a=$k p ì GDP x ì PÔQ fH<#.
D ì GDP x ~ O_ ~HQ K =K
(a) =~\ qx=~ @ ì GDP
(b) H#Q H =#` (PPP) ~OQ ì GDP.
U.N.D.P.
"~ H#Q H =#` ~O Q ì GDP x (J"iH _~ Q) ì

PÔQ fH<#.
10. ~` PiH == H PiHa=$k zH `=.?
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Z) ^q H ~OQ= #O_ GDP JkH "\ =K@.

a) PiH == ==H =~ (institutional changes)
) == ~OQ= #O_ iqH ~OQ=# ==~ " =~ (structural transformation)
_) H~H =$k (Inclusive Growth)
1) a, , =i _ i #q
2) Z, a, =i i #q.
3) Z, , =i _ i #q
4) a =i =`" i #q.
[: 4
q=~ } :
GDP
^q H ~OQO "\ JkHO Q LO_@ PiHa=$kH zH H^.
~` PiH= = ==H =~ K@ K #q. Wk Ja=$kH zH .
~` PiH= = == ~OQO#O_, iqH ~OQxH ==H =~ =K~. Wk_

Ja=$kH zH .
~`^ O =$k [~Q`#k. Hx Jk JOîx H Hx [~Q ^ .=$k K =~ "iH

K~ ^ . JO^K 11= }oH Inclusive Growth x ^ # JOOQ x~~ OK#.
11. ~` PiH== "#H|_ LO__xH D HOk "\

"\ XH\ =YH~}O
1) JkH [#O^`
2) =^# O H~`
3) qxQO Hx =#==#~ =i [=#~ r=#O
4) ì PÔ
[: 3
~` PiH= = Q`H x O=`~Q ^ @|_ ~Q` =K~.
=^# O H~` L#\H kQ=u K Hx [=#~#, =#= =#~# i~

qxyOKHQey` Ja=$k kOK=K.
H|\ ~` PiH= = "#H|__xH qxQO Hx =#= =#~ =i [=#~ r=#".
Note: '' XH"

L yOKx ^ ` =Q L yOz# =#= =#~, =~" L yOKx [=#~
He LO_ ^# Ja=$k ^x }oH O O x~zOz#k.
z~Orq
14
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
APPSC (GROUP-II) EXAM

MODEL PAPER
(5= x\)
1. ~=< JOè` ÔÒ HOk"x U JOxH ^#`# W=^?
1) =O^, "#H JO#|O^
2) ` H L`^H H~H (DPA)
3) O H ==< =^# O (SOC)
4) qq^ ~OQ =^ =Ò
[. 4
q=~} :
~=< JOè` =$k Ô`x K `.. =O^, "#H J#|O^ Q i=# "^@Q
O K<#. J`kH =O^ "#H J#|O^ W#=L H~Q~xH LO\<#.
=^#
, qxQ == LùH KOk# @|_# DPA @|_ JO^~.
qq^ ~OQ xH =K L`^H# Lù K
@|_ SOC @|_ L^: q^KH , ~"},
q^ "II. ~=< H~O SOC H~` ^~Qx, SOC JkH ` ^~ Qx @|_ @=K.
qq^ ~OQ =^ =Ò LO_ @|_ \<k ~Q~ #~ ukOz# Oè` =$kH
KOk#k. nxH ~=< ^#` W=^ .
2. Ô^ PiH == O|OkOz i#k.
Z) ^j =~\, q^j =~\ He LO_@
a) P^ xH i= =i == "}rH~}
, O^ Ku=$` `#, r=<^~
==O`# r=#O K @
1) Z =`"
2) a =`"
3) Z =i a
4) UnH^
[. 2
q=~ } :
Ja=$k PiH ==
Ô^ PiH == H}
H#|_#. D == ~ O_ qQ H#|_`~.
=~\ PîÒQ P^ xH Lù ^` XH" , r=<îÒQ O^ ^` =~"
H#|_#. H|\ 2 =`" i # =^#O.
3. HOk"x iHx "HO Uk?
1) O Ka=$k x"kH 2009 H~O $935 HO> ` = ì PÔ =K ^# J^
^ JO\~.
2) $11,456 HO> Z= ì PÔ =K ^# JkH PÔ Q ^ JO\~.
z~Orq
15
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
3) O K Ja=$k x"kH# O KOH "~ K i< ~.

4) ~`^ O JkH PÔ Q ^ =sH~ }
LOk.
[. 4
q=~} :
WDR2009 H~O $936 HO> ` = =K ^# LIC ^x JO\~.
$11,456 JO`HO
> Z= ì PÔ Q ^# JkH PÔ Q ^ JO\~.
WDR x u O=`~O O
KOH K iO k.
WDR 2009 H~O ~` ì PÔ $950. H|\ ~`^
O JkHP ^ ^
=sH~ }
^ .
4. Pi H a = $k H O |Ok O z#k
Z) =$k{ == ~H" # =~
a) Wk Oz`" # =#
) Wk n~H xH KOk#k
1) Z =`"
2) Z =i a
3) Z =i
4) Z,a =i
[. 3
q=~} :
Lù ~Q^`@ == ~H OHuH =~` _# Q}`H =~# PiHa=$k
JO^~.
PiHa=$k J<k PiH=
$k HO> q"# k.
"q
H ì, PÔ =K =~ n~H O H#y`< Jk PiHa=$k JQ#.
5. =#= =^# H# J< =## ^x ^~ "~QQ K=K?
Z) XH Ô =^# OK <x OK@
a) ^ [ H q*<x, < }x, H =~ =# OK@
) uH O^ ~Q^
_) JuH O^ ~Q^
1) Z,a =i _
2) Z,a =i
3) =i _
4) a =i _
[. 4
q=~} :
^ [ q*<x, <
}x, H =~# OOkOK H =#= =^# O, Wk JuH
O^ O|OkOz#k.
6. JO`~f "~O Ja=$k KO^`# ^HO>, iqHOQ Ja=$k KOk# ^H
Z= O# K~#? nxx =iOz#k?
Z) Q<~ q~ a) ~ a+
) |~~
_) _q_ iH~
1) a =i
2) =i _
3) Z =i _
4) Z =i a
[. 4
z~Orq
16
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
q=~} :
Q<~ q~, a+, OQ~
"^# "#H|_# ^ ^q H == # ZQ=u K @ =, "\
^~ ` =Q LO_@ =, JkH ^~ Q iqH == # kQ=u K H#@ =, q^j =~H
x|O^# iqHOQ Ja=$k KOk# ^H J#OQ LO\~.
7. îH q+= O|OkOz i# H=O Uk?
J @|_
J _=O_ =^# O H~`
1) J^=
J PÔ
J ^ =^# O H~`
2) J @|_
J _=O_
J @|_
=^# O H~`
3) J ^
4) J PÔ J _=O_ J @|_ =^# O H~`
[. 4
q=~} :
îH q+=xH O|OkOz i # H=O U^#Q _=O_"
îH q+= J
PÔ J _=O_ , J _=O_ J @|_H, J @|_ J =^# OK <xH
îf#.
_=O_ " q+=
8. =#"a=$kH KOk# =_ JO O` HDI x Q}<~, HOk"x U JOx

HDI Q } # f H ^ ?
Z) n~H =O`" # r=#O P~QO ( Longevity and health)
a) q*#O q^ (Knowledge and Education)
) =i t J a=$k (Women and Child development)
_) O H <O =i kH~` ( Social Justice and Empowerment)
W) r=# =}O (Decent standard of living)
1) W =`"
2) =i _ 3) a =i 4) Z =i _
[. 2
z~Orq
17
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
q=~} :
UNDP
"~ 1990 #Oz HDI x 3 JO P^~OQ ~Ok< ~. Z) n~H =O`" # r=#O.

nxx P~ O` Q} ~ . a) q*#O, nxx JH~ `` Q} ~ . ) r=# =}O. nxx ì
PÔ` Q} ~ . nx P~ O, JH~ ` J<q O H JO. ì P^=<k PiH
JOO.
9. Take-off =# ^ J< Ja=$k ^ Z=~ ~OkOzi ?
1) ~*< < ~_<
2) ~"
3) H~= ~
4) #~
[. 2
q=~} :
~*<
< ~_< aQ + Ô`x ukOK#.
~" ~# 5 Ja=$k ^
= # ^ =Y"# k. =~Q 5 ^ ...1) O^ =[O.
2) = # ^ =O^ i` , 3) = # ^, 4) iH` Q=#O, 5) J`kH =H qxQ ^.
H~=
~ qQ q= ÔÒ K#.
~Q~ #~ Oè` =$k Ô`x ukOK#.
10. [iy# PiH=$k * OH=x OOkOKO>, HOk"x J=~"# +~` Uk?
1) [< ~Qe 2) PÔ = O} H"e.
3) ^~ ~Qe 4) qx xQO@ ~Qe.
[. 2
q=~} :
*f, ì P^ ~Q@ PiH=
$k, *f, ì P^ iy#_ * OH = O
~QO> ` xiQ iy# PÔ [Oî =^ =#OQ O} H"e. x _ [
OH = O ~QH =K.
^~
iy<, [< iy<, qxK JkHO Q xQO@ xK~Oz< "Ò *fÔ
~Q= K. Hh * OH = O `Q= K.
P=~ < W = (1-G) J< OH =
p _, ì PÔ iy, PÔ J=#` `y`
OH = O ~Q#x zO k.
11. PiH =$kH, =#"a=$kH =^ O|OÔ @ i#k Uk?
Z) ` = PiH= $k _ JkH =#"a=$kH ^ O HQ^.
a) JkH PiH= $k, ui JkH =#"a=$kQ =~H =K.
) JkH PiH= $k JkH =#"a =$k J^ O
_) JkH PiH= $k, JkH =#"a=$k ~ O_ ^ =Q@ P^ q^< P^~_ #.
1) Z,a =i _ 2) a =i 3) Z, & _ 4) Z, a &
[. 1
z~Orq
18
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
q=~} :
` = PiH =$k =^ _ JkH =#"a=$k ^ =Q#. L^: <~
JkH PiH=
$k JkH =#"=$kH îfH=K.
^~}OQ JkH PiH=
$k, JkH =#"a=$kH îf#.
J~` XH Ô
J=OaOK q^<, JkH PiH= $k, JkH =#"a=$kH ^^_ _ O J<k
P^~_#.
12. e 1( Q @ ~ H )
e 2
1. z# JOxH JkH ^#` WK@
Z) Q} =^=O (GM)
2. nx #Oz f# qK< "Ò '#
a) ~ =^=O (HM)
3. q=# ~ MzÒ ^~ _ K=K
) JOH=^=O (AM)
4. `, x+` Q@
`H<O^ L Q_ #
_) HO (Z)
5. cr =# (Mathematical operations) xH~^.
1) Z4, a5, 2, _1
2) Z2, a1, 3, _5
3) Z4, a1, 2, _5
4) Z2, a5, 3, _1
[.
3
q=~} :
2
Q} =^=O (GM) : Wk x+`

, ` Q}O KO^, =Oz Q@
Q L Q_ #.
~ =^=O (HM) : Wk J JO JkH ^#`, JkH JO J ^#` WK#.
JOH=^=O (AM) : ~ "`x, ~ OMK y =O
k. J JOH=^=O #Oz
f# qK< "Ò # =#=Q#.
HO
(Z) : Wk # Q@
, Jx JO P^~_ Q}O K|_^ . JO^K Mathematical
Q_ ^ .
Treat ment H L
13. Assertion (A) : x } H q $u Z_ ^x =}H qK#O HO> Z=Q
LO_#. Reason (R) : q $u J<k =}H qK#O H =~=.
1) A =i R "" . =i R J<k AH ~ # q=~}
2) A =i R ~ O_ i #". Hh R J<k AH ~ # q=~} H^.
4) A J<k J"= O. R i #^.
3) A J<k i #k. R J"q HO.
[.
1
q=~} :
q $u J<k =}H qK#O H =~O
. nxx OH ÒQ Variance =
K~ . JO^K }
q $u Z _ =}H qK#O HO> Z=Q LO_#.
z~Orq
19
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
14. Oz` ## ~MzÒ ^~ HOk"x U ~H"# Q@# JOK< "Q= ?

1) Q}=^==
2) ~=^==
3) =^Q`=
4) H=
[. 3
q=~} :
JOH=^==, Q}=^==, ~=^== Q}`
Q@
, H|\ g\x ~ MzÒ ^~ K= .
=^Q`=
, H= J<q # Q@
, g\x ~ MzÒ ^~ K=K.
=^ Q`x Oz` ## ~
Y J< Fl" =H~ Y ^~ JOK< " =K
Hx # @O ^~ JOK< " K.
15. 1970 =i 1990 O=`~xH O|OkOz ^~# 1990 O=`~xH O|OkOz
i =}x W=_O [iy#_ U ~H"# p OY# Q}OK=K?
1) =~ Z_= ~ p
2) + ~ p
3) j p
4) ~ p
[. 3
q=~} :
~ p OY P^~ O=`~ i=}x iÒQ fH<#.
j p OY x~}O `
O=`~O i=}x iÒQ fH<#. H|\ =K~O
P^~OQ ~ px Q}O K= . j px Q}O K=K.
16. D HOk"x U ~H"# Q}OH H` ^ÒOx Jx K~# P^~OQ Kx
Q } O K | _ #?
1) K` ~O qK#=
2) "
3) H=
4) Q}=^==
[. 4
q=~} :
K` ~O qK#= "^\ 25% JO, z=i 25% JO q_z\ =^ L# 50% JO
P^~OQ Q.D. x Q} ~ .
"
"^\ JOO, z=i JOO fx =^ L# Jx JO# qi~ .
HO
U q= Z=~ #~=$`=Q< ^x< iQ} ~ .
Q}=^=x ^ÒOx K~xO\ P^~OQ fx Q}
~ .
17. XH ^ÒO ^<`H "+=O Hey L#_ HOk "x Uk ~#k?
1) JOH=^== > =^Q`= > H=
2) JOH=^== < =^Q`= < H=
3) JOH=^== =^Q`= H=
4) =^Q`= < H= < JOH=^==
[. 1
z~Orq
20
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
q=~} :
XH ^ÒO +=
^ÒO J~` ^x "+ = O LO_^ . nx JOH=^=O, =^QÒ ,
H =#OQ LO\~.
^ÒO J+=
OQ LO> "+ = O LO@Ok.
HO
HO> JOH=^=O Z"` Jk ^< `H "+ = O.
JOH=^=O HO> HO
Z"` Jk ~}`H "+ = O
=^QÒ
Z_ JOH=^=xH, HxH =^ LO_#.
18. O|O^ Q}HO '1 J~` Jk U ~H"# |O^x `#.
1) |OÔ ^
2) O~ |O^=
3) ` = |O^=
4) O~ ~}`H O|O^=
[. 4
q=~} :
O|OÔ
q= Z_ 1H {1H =^ LO_#. 1 O~ ~}`H O|O^x, {1
O~ ^< `H O|O^x è* #.
0 J<k O|O^ ~`x `=.

0.25 J<k ` = O|O^x `#.
19. ~ P^~p HOk "x U sH# O`$~K# ?
1) Hi=~# sH
2) H~H i=~# sH
3) H =i H~H i=~# sH
4) KH sH (Circular Test)
[. 3
q=~} :
+
~ p OY x\ sH# , H i=~# sH# , H~H i=~# sH# O`$ ~ K #.
J~` Wk KH sH# O`$ ~ K ^ .
20. HOk "x q=$Ò` `~Q` (Open ends) Q}OK_xH gx Q}OH
H=#"k ?
1) =^QÒ
2) JOH=^=O
3) HO
4) K` ~O qK#O
[. 2
q=~} :
=^QÒ
, HO , K` ~OH qK< ^Ò x Jx JO# iQ}#H fHO_
Q}O K|_`~. JOÔK g\x q=$Ò` `~Q ` _ Q}O K=K. Hh JOH=^ =<k ^ÒOx
Jx K~ P^~OQ Q}O K|_#. JO^K` JOH=^=x q=$Ò` `~Q ` Q}O K= .
z~Orq
21
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
=$k Ja=$k : =MO

=$k J~ =
N=u H, +O@~O\ PiH"
` PiH= $k,Ja=$k J< ^ =^ +" # =`x KOK~.
=$k .
Ô
= = Lù =K ~Q^ PiH= $k. L^ : *fù =K ~Q^. Wk i=}`H
=~# `#. Wk Oz` =#.
J~` D Lù ~Q^
n~H OQ LO_e.
"= Lù ~Qe.
ì Lù ~Qe.
Pi H a = $k
Lù ~Q^`@ == ~H, OHuH =~` _# Q}`H =~# Ja=$k JO^~.
Wk q"# =#.
PiHa=$k PiH =$k { == ~H" # =~
=$k { OH = O
H#yOK Q e Q Ja = $k
q
+` `~ "i J=~ f~< =~ O ^|fO_ ` `~O "~ `= J=~ f~H=_"
H#yOK Ja=$k Jx |\O_ Hq+< 1987 x~zOK#.
O
K ~=~} Ja=$k Hq+< 'our common future' J< q<~ i~ D ^x "^\ iQ
LyOK#.
'P^ xH =$k x q=iOz#k '=
< *<\ .
PiH=$kJa=$k =#

PiH= $k [~Q`#n, xn *fÔ ^~ "^\ Q}O K"~. `~ "` Z==Ok PiH" `

ì P^x =#OQ P"kOK~.
PiHa=$k |=Y H . 1960 ^H O =~ PiHa=$kx =#O K @ *fùx, `~ "`
ì P^x fH<~. `~ "` iH` zH ~OkOK~.
1. "= *fù : iy` Ja=$k [iy#@Q qOK=Kx = < *<\ , g#~ O\
PiH" ` qOK~. J~` [< ~Q^ "x Wk iQ}O K^ .
2. ì PÔ : *fù HO> "q H ì PÔ L`= "# zH Jx ~,
a << O\ PiH" ` qOK~. J~` P^ O} "x Wk iQ}O K^ .
z~Orq
22
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
3. xH~ PiH OH= z (NEW)

{ PiH OH = H=<x qeO #~= , *" \a< ~OkOK~.
{ nxx HkQ =i 'xH~ PiH OH = OQ =< ~ ># .
{ xH~ PiH OH = p "= *fù { qOu =O {=~\ `~ H~H
~=~} HxH J =O
4. P.Q.L.I uH r=# =} p (Physical Quality of life Index)
{1979 "i _q_ "i PiH `~ JO` P.Q.L.I. x ~OkOK#.
{ nxx Z) [ P~ O (XH OII #Oz)
a) t =~} ~ @
) JH~ ` J< 3 JO P^~OQ ~OkOK#.
5. =#"a=$k p(HDI) (Human Development Index)
{ 1990 #Oz U.N.D.P. (United Nations Development Programme) "~ nxx =#"a=$k x"kH
Ki<~.
{ H.D.I ~te H< ^xH KOk# =|LH
{ nxx Z) [ P~ O (\# \ #Oz)
a) JH~ `
) ì PÔ GDP (US$ PPP) J< 3 JO (O H{PiH) P^~OQ
~Ok<~. 2010 HDR ~`^ O 119 = ~O Ok#k.
{ P^ xH PiH =$kH Z==Ok P"k# =#O H.D.I
6. G.D.I. eOQ O|Ok` Ja=$k z (Gender Related Development Index)
{ nxx UNDP "~ 1995 #Oz ~Ok< ~. HDI x JO , ~+ "~ "~ Q Q} ~ .
2010 Gender Inequality Index x Q}O K#.
7. GEM eOQ kHi` H=x (Gender Empowerment Measure)
{ i#, ~[H , PiH JO U "~ O@<~ Wk `#.
8. HPI-I, HPI-II (Human Poverty Index)
{ Ja=$k KO^`# ^ 1997 #Oz HPI-I # Q} < ~.
{ Ja=$k KOk# ^ 1998 #Oz HPI-II x Q} < ~. 2010 Multi-Dimensional Human
Poverty Index x ~OkOzi.
9. Green Index :
{ O KO H ~=~}, H#yOK^y # Ja=$k qQO nxx Ja=$k KO k.
z~Orq
23
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Z) Lù K# P
a) [ =#~
) =#= =#~
J< D 3 JO O` nxx Q} ~ .
10. EDI ( Economic Development Index)

nxx ~`H KOk# NCAER (National Council of Applied Economic Research) "~ Ja=$k
K~.
Z) q^~ zH
a) P~Q=$k zH
) ì PÔ J< 3 JO` Q} ~ .
O K Ja=$k x"kHH# O KO "~ K i~ .
=$k, O} =i OH=O
^~}OQ *fÔ iy` PiH =$k [iy, PiH OH = O ~Q#.
J~` P^ O} =#OQ [iy#_, PÔ iy` OH = O ~Q#.
HOk i` PÔ iy< OH = O ~QH =K.

Z) ^~ ~Q@= *fÔ iy<,
a) qK Z= x QO@ xK~OK@ = *fÔ iy<,
iy<,
) *fÔ ~Q^ HO>, [< "QO Q
_) J#`^H == Lù ~Q@ = *fÔ iy<,

W) *fÔ iy#\H, P^ O} =#OQ H ` OH = O ~Q^ .
OH = x HeKO^ J=~ < HOk zH# L yOK#.

W=
W
OH = O,
ì PÔ,
(1-G)
P^ J=#` H=#O
Ja=$k PiH == H}
SH~[qu Ja=$k ^# Ja=$k KO^`# ^Q =i O k.
O KO, ^ ì GNI (GNP) P^~OQ, O K ^# J, =^ , JkH P^

^Q =sHi O k. O K Ja=$k x"kH 2010 H~O (WDR)
J PÔ Q ^
$ 975
JO`HO > ` = ì PÔ Q ^
=^ PÔ Q ^
$976
#O_ 11,905 =^ PÔ Q ^
JkH PÔ Q ^
$11,906
z~Orq
JO`HO > Z= PÔ Q ^

24
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Ja=$k KO^`# ^# O K =iH"_Q H~< H Ja=iOK#.

Ja=$k ^ H}
1. `= ì PÔ LO@Ok. L^ : qx= ~ @ H~O ~`^ ì PÔ (2010
WDR H~O) $1070, H#Q H =#` H~O (PPP$). $ 2,930.
2. == ~OQ PkH` H#|_#. L^: 2001 <\H =#Ô ==~OQO 58% q
P^~_ K<~. 200910 =~ 15% "\ *fÔ == ~OQO #OK =O k.
3. JkH [< LO_#. L^ : 20012011 =^ =#^ ^| [< =$k ~ @ 17.64%, D HO
O=ìH =$k ~ @ 1.64%.
4. JkH x~^y`, K# x~^y` LO_#.
~`^ O x~^y` =O ==~ " # k. n~H eH" # k. Wk =^# O H~` =
U~_Ok.
U^< ~OQO J=~" # q HO> Z= =Ok q x=Q LO>, "ix K #
x~^Q JO^~. gi LO` Lù #O. =#Ô == ~OQO H#_ #.
K # x~^Q# x[ ^Q L yOK=Kx ~Q~ #~ ~##.
5. =^#O H~`Q LO_#. ` = PÔ, ` = ^, ` = @|_ îf#.
6. P^ J=#` Z=Q LO_#.
P^ J=#` Q}O K@ ~O* =H~ Y "_`~.
P^ J=#`~x yx Q}HO ^~ H~ .
Ja=$k ~O ^ J=#` ~Q`x `~ "` `Q ` x = < *<\ u~Q" #
'U' iH# (Inverted 'U' hypothesis) # ukOK#.
7. J OHuH i*<x, J L`^H`# Hey LO\~.
8. D ^ `= =#"a=$k
$kx Hey LO\~.
2010 =#"a=$k x"kH ~` 119= ~OH# Hey LOk.
9. PiH Ô^Ò H#|_#. ~` _ D H}
O H#_ #.
OHuH Ô^Ò
Ol=< y<
=lH Ô^Ò
H
q` Ô^Ò
qO\
10. JkH îHO LO@Ok.
NSSO "i 61= ~O_ JOK< H~O ~` îHO URP H~O 28% HQ, MRP
H~O 22%Q #"Ô k.
H" Ò P^~OQ îHx Q} < ~.
z~Orq
25
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Ja = $k H H~ }
Z) =~\ JO~`
a) îH q+= ~Q~ #~ ukOK#.
) JO`~f
Ja = $k ^
Ja=$k ^
# q+ }
K# "i H~= ~ , ~" =Y.
1. H~=~ Ja=$k ^
Z) Pk= =[O (Primitive communism)
a) x ^ (Slavary)
) = ^ (Feudalism)
_) @|_^s q^#O (Capitalism)
W) ="Ô (Socialism)
Z) H=x[O (Communism)
=~ ÔÒ z=i ^ H=x[O
@|_^s PiH ==
iQ x~^Q# ''WO_
i[~_ Ps Q eK#.
=~ 3 =# L
yOK#.
qQ q= =
S
Z) qH ^_ (qQ q=) -----------C
S #
K~ =^
O
V
V+ C
a) OCC (Organic Composition of Capital) =
C = ~
=^# O,
V= K~
=^# O,
S = qQ
) ~ @
qH ^_ iQ Hn ~
@
OCC iQ Hn ~@ `Q #
.
~Q#.
`~ "` HO =~ ^ Ô`x q.S.x< qi OK#.
2.=< *<\ JaO :

*<\
Ja=$k ^ # ~#^ Hx Ja=$k U ~OQO #O_ U~OQxH =~k ~<#
PiHa=$k ~OO
== PiH ==Q LO_#. OHuHa=$k [iQHn ==~OQO "\
`y kf ~OQO "\ ~Q#. qH H _ ^q H ~OQO #Oz, kf ~OQxH =~#.
z=iH qH H `$f ~OQxH =~#. Lù JkH "\ `$f ~OQO #Oz aOK#.
z~Orq
26
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
3. ~" =$k ^ ÔÒ

"=$k ^
", ~"` =__ LOk.
~" ~zOz# 'The stages of Economic Growth' 1960 K i`" O
k.
nxx A non-communist manifesto J< sub-title ` ~ .
=~ Ô`xH Wk `=OQ LOk. ~" =$k ^
5.
Z) O^ =[O (Traditional Society)
a) = # ^ H"e# =O^ i` (The pre-condition for take-off)
) = # ^ (The take-off)
_) iH ^ Q=#O (The Drive to maturity)
W) =H qxQO (The age of high mass consumption)
=
# ^ ~" ^ Ju =Y"# ^.
D ^ *fÔ ^ @|_ 10% # ~Q#.
D ^# =O^ K~ # Ô WOQO_.
~`^
O 1952 = # ^ H "t Oz 196465 O=`~O = # ^# ^\Ok.
=
# ^ `~ "` Drive to maturity ^ =K#. nxx stage of self sustained growth JO^~. OHuH
i*<x Jx ~OQ qxy~ . D ^# _ =O^Q WOQO_ Ok#k.
High mass consumption age # "^\Q Ki# Ô
J"iH.
= |^ _=O_ H~`
*.H.Q` `# 'Affluent Society' J< QOÔ 'PiH ==
=# Z^~O@Ok Jx ~<#.
=$kH P^~
=$kx x~~ OK JO 2 ~H.
1. PiH H~H
2. Pi H ` ~ H~ H
Z) [ =#~
Z) ~[H JO
a) =^# H#
a) O H JO
) =#= =^# O, [< L`^H`
L=_ @O|O
_) OHuH Qu
kOK< HiH
W) Trade & Aid (=~H = =i O) =Ò
Z) =~\ i=}O
J^#OQ XH x\ ==
# Lù K @ ZO` =^# O J=~" è*^ ICOR
(Incremental Capital Output Ratio).
z~Orq
27
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY

~_, _=~ PiHa=$k #=< =^# OK # ^#`# <H K#.

q^, P~QO, < }O K @|_ =#= =^# O
[< Ô`x
^$HÔ ` "^\ iQ q=iOz#k =<.
An Essay on the principles of population J< QOÔ
= nx KiOK#.
1815 Z_~ " ''Ja+}
[< Ô`x "^@Q KiOK#. `~ "` _q H, Z_< H#<,
_< D Ô`x Ja=$k K~.
''H$ u XH [# =O\k. nx Px`H [#O a O k =.
''> u a_ @`@ 2 H, K` ` _`_ H#<.
[< i}= Ô`x ^= =i <\< q=iOK#. D Ô`x H =i =~
3 ^ Q#, H~ 5 ^ Q# q=iOzi.
L`^H ~Q^ ~ @ HO> Lù =K ~Q^ ~ @ Z=Q LO> ^xx L`^H` JO^~.
'Ja=$k KOk#, Ja=$k KO^`# ^ =^ q^j "~O [iy`, Ja=$k KOk# ^H =~H
x|O^# , q^j "~O J#OQ LO_# J< Ô`x =iOz#k a +, OQ~, q~.
Dual-gap model : ^ q^ JO`~O
J< =## K<s (Chenery) q+ }
K#.
Z) ^ JO`~O
a) q^j=~H ^= JO`~O .
~ O\x ^ q^ JO`~O JO^~.
g\x q^j O (Foreign Aid) ^~ `yOK=K.
=$k =
qq^ `= P ^ i` J#Q}OQ L`= "# q^<x Z#H=_" =O.
1. aQ + : nxx ~*<< ~_
~_< ukOK#
Notes on the theory of Big Push in Economic Development of Latin America J< "O
nxx q=iOK#.
Ja=$k ^ P@OH# JkQq Oz =$k =~O xOKO> s @|_ J=~O .
Jq*, P^ ^#` WK#.
Lù Jq* (Indivisibility), _=O_ Jq*, ^ Jq* Jx 3 ~H
Jq* ~<#. g\` @ =#H Jq*# _ qOK#.
MuQOz# ^~H i= L^~} ~_<^.
2. Oè` =$k ÔÒ (Balanced Growth)
~*< < ~_<, ~Q~ #~, P~~ ~ nxx =iOzi.
J~` D Ô`x Ja=$k K# k ~Q~ #~.
z~Orq
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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Problems of Capital Formation in under Developed countries J< QOÔ
KiOK#.
îH q+=# q=iOz#k ~Q~ #~

îH q+= L`^H`, PÔ =^ O|O^x `#.
PiH == qq^ ~OQ XHi @|_ @@ Oè` =$k.
JO`~f ^~ < "x q=iOz#k~Q~ #~.
~Q~ #~ == ~OQO L# K # x~^Q# x[ ^Q "_ =^# H#
L yOK=Kx ~<#.
J.B. Say =~\ Ò P^~OQ ~Q~ #~ `# Ô`x =iOK#.
3. JOè` =$k ÔÒ (Un Balanced Growth)
OQ~, HO_ |~~ , ~=< Oè` =$k Ô`x q=iOz JOè` =$k Ô`xH
J#OQ JaO =H i zi.
D Ô`x '~=< XH û H~O ~OkOK#.
Hx ZOH K# , HH ~OQ "^\ @|_ \, "\x J= $k K, "\ ^~ aOz#
P^ qye# ~OQ qxyOz, JOèÒ #Oz Oè`xH xOK@
JOè` =$k.
=O^, "#H (Forward and Backward linkages) J# |O^# ~#k ~=<.
~=< H~O J`kH =O^, "#H J#|O^ Q i= Iron and Steel Industry.
W`~ JO:
Z) P_" ` : J~ `=_ (Father of Economics)
Wealth of Nations QO^ H~ (1776)
J^$ O J< =# P_" `^.
Division of Labour, [ Ò, K "~ q^<x =iOK#.
a) iH~ :
The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817) QO^ ~K~ `
@H ÔÒ, Stationary State W`x` =__ L<~.
) \ .P~.=< :
The Principles of Political Economy (1820) QO^ ~K~ `.
[< Ô`x K#,
H =#OQ q+ _=O_ LO_^x "^@Q K#.
_ ) *.Z<.q :
"`# xk ÔÒ K#. (Wage Fund Theory)
z~Orq
29
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
W) O^ PiH "` Ô` H} :

Laissez Fair Policy, Capital Accumulation (=^# OK #O)
@|_H ~} . H}
O K ^~}.
| ` u (Stationary State)
Z ) +O@~ (Schumpeter) :
PiHa=$k #=H# ^#`#, ==x ^#`# <H K#.
"# ~K# :
Theory of Economic Development 1911
Business Cycles 1939. Ten Great Economists
Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy 1942
l) *.ZO. H< :
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936.
~H _=O_, Q}HO, M.E.C., ^"} q~=O O\ =# H<".
K) P~.P~.<< :
Low Level Equilibrium Trap (J~ =` O |#) J< =# << Qi^.
S) ~ a<< :
Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth QO^x ~zOK#.
Critical Minimum effort theory (Hh H$+ @|_) ÔÒ a << ^ .
* ) Q<~ q~ :(Theory of Backwash effect)
W`# Backwash and Spread effects # q=iOK#.
"#H|_# ^ Of J=#` H~}O.
|"# H"+ e Ò, |#"# q~ }
=O.
H ) ~Q~ #~ :
K # x~^Q# ^y L# ^Q qOz, Ja=$k ^ gix =^# OK <xH
L yOK=K#x ~<#.
Z ) _ | .. Z.~< (W.A.Lewis) (Jiq` qH ÔÒ)
Economi development with unlimited supply of labour J< QO^x "#
PiH == ...Z) r=<^~ ~OQO, a) @|_^s ~OQO Jx 2 ~OQO\<#.
Z") ~__=~ =$k #=<
g~ PiHa=$k H @|_ ` ^ ##O Wzi.
~_ ~K# Towards A dynamic Economics
z~Orq
30
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
~_ 3 ~H =$k ~ @# q=iOK#. Z) "q H =$k ~ @

a) "~O>_ =$k ~ @
) [ =$k ~ @
S
^
=$k~ @ -----------------
COR
=^# Lù x+u
L^ : =^# Lù x+u 4 :1 =$k ~ @ 3%, ^ 12%
=$k ~ @
Z< ) N=u *< ~a<< :
1956 The Accumulation of Capital J< QO^x "#.
O~ L^y`` _# H= =$k kOK@ 'Golden Age' J< =# L yOz#k.
F) ..=<a< :
1955 4 ~OQ #=< Ja=$k K#. Wk 2= OK=~ }oH P^~O.
) . Z< . =H =i . P~ . | #O^ O
1956 Planning for an Expanding Economy "i.
21
S
=<a =xH 3 `==
#( = =x Ja=$k K#.
= OQ "=`)G
4 ROC
) Theory of Circular Causation Q<~ q~
P~) Theory of International Dualism H.V. qO\ l.q~ (ZO..`_~ nxx Ja=$k K#.)
Z) =Ô`~ OHuH i*#O (Intermediate Technology) J< =# +=K~ (Schumachar)
">#.
\ ) @ | _ = :
Z) Capital - Turnover - Criterian : H |H<<
a) O H LO` L`^H` @|_ Z.W.M<, a.z<s
) # @|_ ÔÒ Q<+ < a << .
_) H} @|_ ÔÒ Z.H.<.
EDI (q^
Ja=$k zH) H ~ "^\ #O LOk.

"Ò Lk ==~OQO "\ 199394 61.67% HQ 19992000 <\H 58.54%xH
`yO k. 200405 <\H 52%xH `yO k.
z~Orq
31
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
KEY POINTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
P.Q.L.I.
x ~OkOz#k
_q_ "i (1979)
H.D.I ~t
=|LH (nx1990 UNDP "~ ~OkOzi)
*< ~a<<
K # x~^y`
Ol=< y<
OHuH Ô^Ò
H
=lH Ô^Ò
qO\
q` Ô^Ò
H~=~
P~xH HOl+H P
+O@~
#= H# ^#` Wz#k
~Q~ #~
îH q+=
~Q~ #~
Oè` =$k
~=< A.O.
JOè` =$k
=O^, "#H J#|O^
~=< A.O.
aQ +
~*<< ~_<
~*<< ~_<
Jq* =i P^
J~~ ~
Jiq` qH

J.B. Say
=~\ ÔÒ (Market Law)
Hh H$+ Ò (Critical Minimum Effort)
~ a <<
P~.P~.<<
J~ =` # (Low level Equilibrium Trap)
Q<~ q~
_ ZH =i H"+ ZH
~_
"= =$k ~ @, "~O>_ =$k ~ @, [ =$k ~ @
P_O `
J^$O , K =~\ OÒQO, = q[ #
N=u *< ~a<<
~
QO
*.ZO.H#
J L^y` =Ò (Under Employment Equilibrium)
Z.H.<
Lù ^` ZOH (Choice of Techniques)
z~Orq
32
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
s i= =O
=<a
"`# = #=<
=H =i |#OÔ
Z.Z<.JQ~ (1944)
QO^
=$k #=<
_II =<<O Q
Z..l.#=< (~m H~}
, " \ H ~ }
, O pH~}
)
PURA #=< (@}
O` ^ Qg} O` U~@ K @)
Z..*.J|H O
Ja=$k =M"# QO^

Adam Smith
Wealth of Nations
The Principles of Political Economy
\.P~. =
+O@~
Ten Great Economists,

The Theory of Development
Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy
Business Cycles
~"
The Stages of Economic Growth

The process of Economic Growth

P~.P~.<<
K.qO\
~a<<
Q<~ q~
A Theory of low level Equilibrium Trap

Economics of Developing Countries
Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth

Asian Drama
Economic Theory and Under developed Regions challenge
to Affluence
Ol=< y<
Economic Development, Principles, Problems and

Policies

~Q~ #~
HO_ |~~
Q`" =^~
~=<
@
<
Z.H.<^
PH =^~
_| .Z.~
z~Orq
Problems of Capital Formation in UDC

Economic Development
Planning for Steady Growth
The strategy of Economic Development
Imbalanced Growth
Balanced Growth
Balanced Vs un Balanced Growth
Principles of Economic Planning
Development Planning
The Theory of Economic Growth
Economic Development with unlimited supply of labour
33
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY

He< H~
*< ~a<<
The conditions of Economic Progress

The accumulation of capital 1956
Essays in the theory of Economic Growth 1963

Z.H.<
.Z<.=H
=H |#OÔ
~_ P~.Z
Z<.H~
*.ZO.H#
*.H .Q`
Choice of Techniques, Growth Economics

Poverty and Planning
Planning for an Expanding Economy
Towards a Dynamic Economics
Essays on Economic stability and Growth
The general theory of employment, interest and money Tretise on money
Affluent Society
Economic Development in Perspective
= < *<\
Six lectures on Economic Growth

Modern Economic Growth

eO\ _| ._|
..=<a
Studies in the structure of American Economy
H~ =~
l.ZO."~
H.H.i~
W._._=~
H .Z<.~*
\._| .+
ZO..`_~
Das Capital
Talks on Planning
of operational Research to Planning in India
The Approach
Leading issues in Development Economics

The Keynesian theory of Economic Development
Expansion and Employment
Growth Model and Indian Planning
Transforming Traditional Agriculture
Economic Development in Third World
URP (Uniform Recall Period) H~O 199394 ~`^

O îHO 36% HQ,200405
<\H 27.5% # `yO k. MRP (Mixed Recall Period)H~O 19992000 îHO 26%
HQ, 200405 <\H 22%xH `yO k.
"Ò Lk ==~OQO "\ 199394 61.67% HQ 19992000 <\H 58.54% xH
`yO k. 200405 <\H 52%xH `yO k.
z~Orq
34
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
a\OH (One Word Questions)

=$k J~ =
1.
[.
2.
[.
3.
[.
4.
[.
5.
[.
6.
[.
7.
[.
8.
[.
9.
[.
10.
[.
11.
[.
12.
[.
13.
[.
Lù =K ~Q^# U=O^~ ?

PiH=$k
Ja=$k KOk# ^ O|OkOz# =# Uk ?
PiH=$k
s~H i=}Ox =~# ^x` =K ?
PiH=$k
Lù ~Q^`@ OHuH, == ~H =~` _# Q}`H =~# U=O^~?
PiHa=$k
PiH =$k { == ~H" # =~ ^xx è* #?
PiHa=$k
=x+ =H` O#, "^ # =K =~# ^x` ~ ?
PiHa=$k
XH PiH == "q H *fÔ, n~H O ~Q^# kOK H PiHa=$k Jx
x~zOz#k?
l."~ =i e<
O} "x iQ}#xH fH< PiH =#?
PiHa=$k
Growth without Development J< QO^x "#k?
~|~ H=~
Ja=$k KO^`# ^ =iOK =# Uk?
PiHa=$k
q +` `~ "i J=~x f~< =~ O ^|fO_ ` `~O "~ `= J=~#
f~H=_x U qÔ Q x~z~ ?
H#yOKQe Q Ja=$k
xH_Q Ja=$kH (H#yOKQe Q Ja=$kH) x~K<x Wz#k?
|\O_ Hq+< (1987)
~=~} =#~#, #~=$Ò Hx [ =#~# O~HO K@.....
H#yOKQe Q Ja=$k.
z~Orq
35
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
=$k Ja = $k = #
14. PiHa=$kH =#OQ *fùx =uOz# PiH" ` ?
[. = < *<\ g_ g#~ OH
15. <==` P^x "q H *fÔQ =~O^ L yOK Ò?
<==` *fÔ
[. "q H *fÔ ----------------------100
` O=`~O ^~ p
16. PiHa=$k =< [< ~Q^ "x qiOz# =#O Uk?
[. "q H *fÔ
17. [< ~Q^ "x iQ}#xH fO@ PiHa=$kx =#O K H=#O?
[. "q H ì PÔ
18. "q H ì P^x PiHa=$kH =#OQ =uOz# PiH" ` ?
[. ~ << "~
19. PiH= $kH L`= "# H=#OQ Z= =Ok PiH" ` P"kOz# H=#O Uk?
[. "q H ì PÔ
20. PiH OH = H=#= (MEW) # ~OkOz#k?
[. #~= *" \a<
21. xH~ PiH OH = x ~OkOz#k (NEW)?
[. =<
22. "q H *f^xH, qOux, Q$} =# He @}
H ~ }
, H+= =O\ JH~
=# f" =K =#O?
[. xH~ PiH OH = p (NEW)
23. xH~ PiH OH = px D qÔ Q K=K?
[.
NEW = "=
*fù { qOu =={=~\ `~ H~H@}

H ~ }
~=~} HxH J =O
24. 1979= O=`~O uH r=# =} p (PQLI) x ` ~ K# k?

[. "i _q_ "i
z~Orq
36
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
25. uH r=# =} p (PQLI) f# JO?

[. Z) [ P~ = (1 OII #Oz)
a) t =~} ~ @
) JH~`
PQLI
JO pH Ò?
"= q= Hx+ q=
[. JO p ------------------Qi+ q= Hx+ q=
26.
27. "i xiOz# PQLI J< gH$` p J#=i`= U qÔ Q LOk?

[. Z) ` = ì PÔ Q ^ PQLI q= ` =Q#, Z= ì PÔ Q ^
PQLI q= Z=Q# LOk.
a) J~< Hx ^ ì PÔ JkHO Q L#\H PQLI p JOQ LOk. ì
PÔ ` = J~#\H PQLI p JkHO Q LOk.
28. gH$` Ja=$k px (Composite Index of Development) Q}O K@ 11 H=<# sHO z#
PiH"`?
[. W.W.Q<
29. =lH Ja=$k SH~[qu i^< O (UNRISD) PiHa=$k =<x ~OkOK@
Zx JO# fOk?
[. 16 (9 =lH zH { 7 PiH zH)
30.
HDI (Human Development Index) x U O=`~O ~OkOzi?
[. 1990
31.
HDI Z=~
[.
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)
32.
HDI
~Ok< ~?
(=#"a=$k p) ~t?
[. =|LH (H<)
33.
HDI x
~OkOK@_ f< JO?
[. Z) P~ = ([xOz#\ #Oz)
a) JH~ ` (=[# JH~ ` { L=_ #"^ x+u)
) ì PÔ GDP (US$ PPP)
z~Orq
37
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
34. =#"a=$k p q= P^~OQ O K ^# Zx ~HQ =sHi OK=K#.

[. 3 ~HQ =sHi OK=K
1) ` = =#"a=$k ^ (0.5 )
2) =^ ~ =#"a=$k ^ (0.5 #O_ 0.8)
3) JkH =#"a=$k ^ (8.0 #O_ 1.0)
35. 2010 =#"a=$k x"kH H~O HDI ~` ~O ZO`?
[. 119= ~O =^ ~ =#"a=$k =sH~ }
~` LOk. (2009 134= ~O)
36. 2010 =#"a=$k x"kH "^\ , z=i ~O Q ^?
[. "^\ ~O<~ (0.938)
169= ~O lO (0.140)
"Ò Q}#xH f# ^ 179.
37. ~` (W~Q, ~Q# L#) K@ L# qq^ ^ HDI ~O
[. K< 89
|OQ^ 129
NOH91
=<~ 132
=b= 107
< 138
H< 125
Px < 155
38. =#Ô }oH O O ~OkOz# *f =#"a=$k x"kH ~` HDI q=
[. 0.472 ("^\ #O H ~, z=i #O c~ L#k)
AP 10 = ~O # He 0.416 p` India Q@
HO> ` =Q LOk.
39. ` HOQ P~ O, JH~ `, ì PÔ` ~OkOz# p?
[. GDI- 1995 (eOQ O|O^ Ja=$k p)
40. =#= îH p (HPI-1) x U ^ H~ ~Ok< ~?
[. Ja=$k KO^`# ^ (1997 #Oz)
41. (HPI-1) ` ~`^ O ~O? (2008 HDR H~O)
[. 87 ("Ò 135 ^ fH=_O [iyOk)
42. Green Index # ~OkOz#k Z=~?
[. O K O H ~=~} H#yOK^y # Ja=$k qQ=
43. Green Index x~}O f< JO
[. Z) Lù K# P
a) [ =#~
) =#= =#~
44. PiHa=$k p (Economic Development Index) x Z=~ Ja=$k K~?
[. NCAER (National Council of Applied Economic Research)
45. O K PHe x"kH (Hunger Index) ~`^ O #O?
z~Orq
38
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
[.
46.
[.
47.
[.
96= #O (119 ^# fH=_O [iyOk)

O K \`` p x"kH ~` #O?
48= #O (131 ^# f<~)
O K Ja=$k x"kH# ~OkOKk Z=~?
O KO "~
=$kO}OH=O
48. ^~}OQ *fÔ iy` PiH= $k ~QÒk. J~` PiH= $kH OH = xH ZO\
O|OÔ LO@Ok?
[. =$k iy` OH = O _ ~Q#.
49. ^~ ~Q^ =# *fÔ iy# _........
[. PiH OH = O =~# Q}O K_O H+O
50. q# JkH xQO@ xK~OK@O =# *fÔ iy#...
[. PiH OH = O iy#@ K =.
51. *f, ì P^ iy#\H iy# PÔ Z=Q ^x Ki`....
) G 1( = W
[. PiH OH = O `y =#
52. J=~ < PiH OH = O# HeKO^ zOz# gH~}
O
W- OH =
O
[.
- ì
53.
[.
54.
[.
PÔ
G - J=#`
J=~ < H~O OH = O ~QO>....
ì PÔ iy P^ J=#` `Qe
J=~ <H J~ O <* =z# O=`~O ?
1998 (OH = J~ O H$+ K# O^Q#)
Ja=$k PiH == H}
55. ''P ^ [< [ =#~` e#_ ` = =^# O Q ^# Ja=$k ^ JO\~
Jx x~zOz#k?
[. ~Q~ #~
z~Orq
39
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
56. L yOK|_x ^ ` = L yOz# =#= O^ XH" , L HO Hx [ =#~

=~H" He LO__" Ja=$k ^ H}
= Jx x~zOz#"~?
[. }oH O O
57. ''Ja=$k ^= XH l~ O\^x , ^xx =iOK@ H+= J~` K_Q< QiOK=K Jx
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[. OQ~
58. O KO O K ^# J, =^ , JkH P^ PiH == x ^x P^~OQ q[ # K O k?
[. ì GNP (GNI)
59. Ja=$k KO^`# ^# O K =iH"_Q Ja=iOz#k?
[. H~<H
60. ` = ì PÔ J<k U ^ H}
O?
[. Ja=$k ^
(2008 <\ ~` ì PÔ $1070sss)
61. ==~OQO PkH `# Hey LO__O U ^ H}
=?
[. Ja=$k ^
62. =^# O H~`, JkH [< Xu_, J L`^H` , ` = =#"a=$k U PiH == H#|_#?
[. Ja=$k PiH= =
63. 20012011 =^ ~` ^| [< ~Q^ =$k ~ @ ?
[. 17.64%
64. 20012011 =^ =# ^ [< O=ìH =$k ~ @?
[. 1.64%
65. K # x~^y` J#Q?
[. J=~xH qOz Z= =Ok q XH ~OQO xK _x K # x~^y` JO\~.
66. K # x~^Q LO` Lù?
[. ` =Q ^ #OQ LO@Ok (XHHi |}`HOQ LO_=K)
67. ~`^ O x~^y` =O U ~H" # k?
[. ==~ " # k (Wk n~H O LO@Ok)
68. Ja=$k ^ x~^y` H~}O?
[. =^# O H~`
z~Orq
40
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
69.
[.
70.
[.
71.
[.
72.
[.
73.
[.
74.
[.
75.
[.
76.
[.
77.
[.
78.
[.
79.
[.
80.
[.
81.
[.
82.
[.
K # x~^Q# x[^Q L yOK=Kx ~#k?

~Q~ #~
P^ J=#`# è ~ Y?
~O* =H~ M
P^ J=#` f=`# èk?
yh Q}HO
P^ J=` O|OkOz u~Q" # U iH## ( ) ukOz#k?
= < *<\
2001 [< H H~O ZO` Ò @O ~H` =Ozh~ O J=`#k?
36%
PiHa=$k ~OO "^\ P^ J=#` ~Q`x, `~ "` ^ `Q ` x
~#k?
= < A<\
OHuH Ô^`x ~#k?
Ol=< y<
=lH Ô^`x ~#k?
H
q` Ô^Ò K #k?
qO\
=#Ô îHO Q}# Z=i ~ P^~OQ [~Q`#k?
H"
NSSO "i 61= Round JOK< H~O WO_
îHO Ò?
URP H~O 28% (uniform recall period)
MRP H~O 22% (mixed recall period)
Ja=$kH P@OH Uq?
Z) =~\ JO~` , a) îH q+=, ) JO`~f
O` " ~`^ O ^x JOK<# "#?
K # x~^QO (17.4% K # x~^QO Q^x JOK< "#)
OHuH Ô^Ò J#Q
Ja=$k KOk# ~OQ=, O^H ~OQ "~ "~ Lù ^` # J=OaOK@
z~Orq
41
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
83. HDI ~H # P~ O H Hx+ q=?

[. 25 (Qi+ q= 85)
Ja = $k ^
84.
[.
85.
[.
86.
[.
87.
[.
88.
[.
89.
[.
90.
[.
91.
[.
92.
[.
93.
[.
94.
[.
95.
[.
H~ =~ Ja=$k ^ ÔÒ z=i ^ ?

H=x[O
iqH i[~= J< =# Z=ik?
H~=~
Organic Composition of capital J< =## ~OkOz#k?
H~=~
^H@ QO^ ~K~ `?
H~=~
PiHa=$k H QOQ ^q H ~OQO #O_ kf ~OQxH, kf~OQO #O_ `$f
~OQxH J@ Lù#, W@ Lk# =~ = x K #k Z=~?
= < A<\
"The stages of Economic Growth" 1960 ~zOz#k Z=~?
_| ._| . ~"
"Non-Communist Manifesto" Jx D ~K#
# ~ ?
The Stages of Economic Growth
~" ^ "^\ ^ J~# O^H =[O D qÔ Q =|_#?

WO_
*
"Period of Transition" Jx ~" H D ^#
~O\~?
= #^ H=# =O^ i`
~" ukOz# ^ ^ #"# k?
= #^ (Take-off)
*fÔ L`^H @|_ 5% #O_ 10%H Q ~Q^ D ^ H#|_#?
= #^
= #^# "^@Q K~ # Ô ?
a\<(17831802)
z~Orq
42
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
96. ~" ~# = #^ x|O^# ~`^ O Oq Oz# O=`~O?

[. 1952
97. U O=`~O ~`^ O = #^# ^\ LO_=Kx ~"` @ =iHO`=Ok PiH" `
q<~?
[. 196465
98. O xH_ L# =$kx kOK ^ (Self sustained growth) Q ~" ^ U ^# ~O\~?
[. iH ` kQ #_K ^ (Drive to maturity)
99. JO`=~ L# ~Qq ~OQ #O H`Q U~_# ~OQ =$k KO^_O D ^ Hx~?
[. iH ` k Q=#O (Drive to maturity)
100. JO`=~ kOz# Qu # Jx ~OQ =iO* ^?
[. iH ` k Q=#O (Drive to maturity )
101. ~" ^ z=i ^?
[. K~ =H qxQ~ (Age of high mass consumption)
102. PiH= =
" #Oz _=O_ " , Lù = #Oz qxQ = =~ u U ^
H#|_#?
[. K~ =H qxQ~
103. K~ =H qxQ~x Ki# "^\ Ô ?
[. J"iH (1920), 2=k .H. (1930)
104. Hh J=~ = fi~ =xHQ == qxQO iQ ^?
[. K~ =H qxQ~
105. @|_ ~ \O J~ 10% JkQq OK@, =$kH H=# O $uH i` U~_@, ~Qq
~OQ =$k KO^@ D ^ H#|_# ?
[. Take-off
106. ~__=~ =$k #=< D ^ J#= O P^~OQ ~OkOK|_Ok?
[. Ja=$k KOk# @|_^s ^
107. PiH= $k [iQHn qH H "~OQO "\?
[. ~Q` =O k.
108. PiH= $k [iQHn Lk ==~OQO "\?
[. `Q ` =O k.
z~Orq
43
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
=$k P^~
109. ^ Ja=$kx [ =#~ ^$ ijeOz# PiH" ` ?
[. _| .Z<.~~
110. [=#~ H~` L#\H Ja=$k KOk# ^ L^~}?
[. [<, WOQO_
111. =^# OK #O J#Q
[. =^# == Lù =K ~Q^, L^: O`, =_~ ,q_i H~, H~Q~
=y "^# q.
112. Incremental capital output ratio J#Q ?
[. Lù XH x\ ~QO> =^# OZO` ~Q^ LO_ è* ^xx LO`
=^# Lù x+u JO^~.nxx ICOR JO^~.
113. îH q+= Kk OK@ =^# OK #O J=~O Jx ~#k?
[. ~Q~ #~
114. =^# H# H Zx ^ [~Q#?
[. =_ ^ [~Q#.
1) ^ OK@
2) ^ gHiOK@
3) ^# @|_Q =~@
115. PiHa=$k #=H# ^#`# <H K #k?
[. +O@~
116. = q^ P~Q=, < } K @|_x U=O\~?
[. =#= =^# O
117. "#H|_# ^ Q < }O Q =#=H Ja=$k KOk# ^ Q JkH "`< PHiOK|_
`~e =_x U=O^~?
[. "^=
118. [< Ô`x èiQ
^$HÔ ` K #k?
[. \.P~.= (An essay on the principles of the population)
119. Ja+}
[< Ô`= "^\ iQ KiOz#k?
[. Z_~"
120. Ja+}
[< Ô`x Ja=$ki z#"~?
[. _q H Z_<H#<, _<
z~Orq
44
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
121. U [< ~ =^ J`kH ì PÔ =Q u a_ @` @, ~ O_ H, K` ` _`_ Jx K Ok Z=~?
[. Z_< H#<
124. [< i}= Ô`x H =i =~ 3 ^ Q ukOzi. J~` "^\ ^ H}

Uq?
[. JkH [##~@, JkH =~}~ @
125. [< i}= ÔÒ 2= ^ H}
Uq?
[. [#< ~ @x `Q ^ HO> =~} ~ @x `Q ^ Z=Q LO_#. e ÒQ [< q@#=
[~Q#.
126. [< i}= ÔÒ 3= ^ H}
Uq?
[. J [##~@,J =~}~ @ LO_#.
127. Lù H~H ~Q^ ~ @ HO>, Lù =K ~Q^ Z=Q LO> ^xx U=O^~?
[. L`^H`
128. Ja=$k KOk#, KO^`# ^ =^ q^j "~O [iy#_ Ja=$k KOk# ^H "~O
J#OQ LO@O^x ~#k?
[. a+O Q~, Q<~ q~
129. Two-gap model Q JO`~ Uq?
[. Z) ^ JO`~O
a) q^j =~H ^= JO`~=
130. PiH =$kx x~~ OK H~H Uq?
[. Z) PiH H~H,
a) PiH `~ H~H
131. PiHa=$kx x~~ OK PiH H~H Uq?
[. [=#~ ==# OHuH Qu =^# H# q^j "~O
132. PiHa=$kx x~~ OK PiH `~ H~H Uq?
[. ~[H i` O H i` L=_ @O| == == =_# =H =Ò
"^# q.
z~Orq
45
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
133. =^# Lù x+u `Q @

J#Q
[. XH xs` x\ = LùH ` = =^# O J=~O JQ@
134. =$k ~ @# U qÔ Q x~zOK=K?
[.
135. Invisible Capital J#Q?
[. =#= P~QO, < }O K @|_
=$k =
136. aQ + Ô`x ukOz#k?
[. ~*<< ~_<
137. Jq* P^ ^#` Wz#k?
[. ~*<< ~_<
138. ~_< H~O Jq* Zx ~H?
[. Z) Lù O Jq*
a) _=O_ Jq*
Q - tQ
01 1- t
= tG
) ^ ~ ~ Jq0*
1- t Q
139. Oè` =$k Ô`x =iOz#"~?
[. ~*< < ~_< P~~ ~ ~Q~ #~
140. Oè` =$k Ô`x Ja=$k K# k Z=~?
[. ~Q~ #~ [J.B.Say Market Law P^~OQ fHx ukOK#.]
141. îH q+=# ukOz#k?
[. ~Q~ #~
142. Hx K~ =i fH~ K~ =# XH =H~O XH ^x îHO LOK_x
U=O\~?
[. îH q+=
143. ~Q~ #~ H~O iq` =~\ PiH == U~__xH H~}O?
[. îH q+=
144. PiH == qq^ ~OQ UH H=O^ @|_\ "\x Ja=$k~ K e Jx è ÔÒ?
[. Oè` =$k ÔÒ (Wk ~Q~ #~ ` =__ LOk).
z~Orq
46
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
145.
[.
146.
[.
147.
[.
148.
[.
149.
JO`~` ^~ < =O J#Q

^"~, =^ `~Q u qxQ f~#, =^ `~Q u "~ ^x qxQ f~# J#iOK@.
JO`~` ^~ < =O Z=i ~` =__ LOk?
_< s
JO`~f ^~ < =O JO>?
q^ qxQ J"@#, ^ ^x ^# =O` J#iOK@
JO`~f ^~ < =O Z=i ~` =__ LOk?
~Q~ #~
îH q+=x Kk OK@ "#H|_# ^ =^# OK #O J`=~O Jx K Ok
Z=~?
[. ~Q~ #~
150. K # x~^Q# x[^Q "_ =^# H# L yOK=Kx ~#k?
[. ~Q~ #~
151. Oè` =$k Ô`x q=iOz#k?
[. OQ~, ~=<, i~, HO_|~~ , @
<
152. Hx ZOH K# ~OQ "^@ @|_\ H" } PiHa=$k kOK =x U=O^~?
[. JOè` =$k =O
153. JOè` =$k =O J# =## K~OH f=z#k?
[. ~=<
154. =O^"#H J#|O^ (Forward & Backward linkages)# q=iOz#k?
[. ~=<
155. ~=< H~O =O^"#H J#|O^ Z=Q L# i=?
[. W#=L H~Q~O
156. ~=< H~O "^\ Q U i=# O Ke?
[. `k i=# "^@ <He (Last Industries first)
157. JOè` =$k Ô`x "^\ iQ J#iOz, HO JkH =$kx kOz# Ô ?
[. ~
158. =#Ô U OK=~ }oH JOè` =$k Ô`x J#~Ozi?
[. ~ O_ OK=~ }oH
z~Orq
47
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Hh, Hx+ `= (Critical Minimum effort theory) x ukOz#k Z=~?
159.
[. ~|<<
160. Economic Backwardness & Economic Growth QO^H ~ ?
[. ~ | <"
161. J~ =` ## q=iOz#k?
[. P~.P~.<<
162. Development with unlimited supply of labour J# QO^x "Ok Z=~?
[. ~
163. ~ Jiq` qH
ÔÒ Q PiH == Q ~OQ Zx?
[. 2... Jq 1) r=<^~ ~OQO, 2) P^ xH @|_^s ~OQO
164. JO`~f J=#`, Ja=$k ^ Of J=#` U~__xH H~}=?
[. Z) |"# H"+ ==
a) |#"# q~ }
==
165. H"+ == J#Q
[. XH Ja=$k KOk# O`= `# PiH H~H ^~ =iH Ja=$k KO^x O`x
ÒQ Ja=$kH QiK @
166. ''"~O>_ =$k ~ @ J< =# Z=ik?
[. ~_
167. ~__=~ #=
[.
^ ^ @|_
=$k ~ @
=^# Lù x+u

170. ~
QO J< =# Z=ik?
[. N=u *< ~a<<
171. ..=<a 4 ~OQ #=< U OK=~ }oH P^~" O k?
[. ~ O_= OK=~ }oH
z~Orq
48
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
172. H} @|_ Ô`x =iOz#k?

[. Z.H.<
173. Choice of Technic J< QO^x "#k?
[. Z.H.<
174. Asian Drama QO^H ~ ?
[. Q<~ q~
175. =^ O`~ OHuH i*#=# zOz#k?
[. +=K~
176. "`# = =x ~OkOz#k?
[. =H =i |#O^
177. ''J^$ = , = q[ # J< =# gi` =__ =<~?
[. P_"`
178. ''qQ q=, ''=~ O ~}, Ki``H uH Ô`= giH O|OkOz# =#?
[. H~ =~
179. "Theory of Economic Development QO^ ~K~ `?
[. +O@~
180. The Accumulation of Capital QO^H ~ Z=~?
[. N=u *<~a<<
181. = < =$k #=< D ^xH KOk#k?
[. ~
182. Shadow Prices x x~zOz#k?
[. Tin Burger
183. Perspective Plan ^xx è* #?
[. n~^ i }oH#
184. 4= }oH #=<# ~OkOz#k?
[. JH~ ^ =i Z.Z.=<
185. Indian Economic Planning in its Broader setting J# QO^H ~ ?
[. q~
186. Theory of circular causation QO^H ~ Z=~?
[. q~
z~Orq
49
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Q` ZZ, Z `x
= ^ <
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
~O* ~ Y (Lorenz Curve) HeKk (Dy.E.O.-2008)

(1)
1) P^ O}
2) îÔ
3) x~^y`
4) P~ O}
~_ _=~ #=< ~ ^~}OQ D HOk "\ ^x P^~_ Òk? (Dy.E.O.-2008)(1)
1) =^# q= ÔÒ 2) ^~ q= ÔÒ 3) qxQ ÔÒ 4) Lù ÔÒ
_=~ Ò H~O,=^# Lù x+u 3:1 LO_ "iH =$k ~ @ 4% J~#K, H=#
(3)
^ ~ @ ZO`? (Dy.E.O.-2008)
1) 10%
2) 11%
3) 12%
4) 14%
(3)
~`^ O ^q H ~OQO JO> Uk?(Dy.E.O.-2008)
1) iqH ~OQO
2) = ~OQO
3) == ~OQO 4) uH ~OQO
'K # x~^y` J#Q (Dy.E.O.-2008)
(2)
1) L^QO x =H
2) XH xH H=# "iH# Z= =Ok x K @
3) x~^y`
4) 60 O=`~ =i P L# "i x~^y`
^ JkH, =^ =i ` = P^ PiH == =sH~ }
^x P^~OQ K~ ? (Dy.E.O.-2008)
1) [<
2) l.Z<.
3) q~ O
4) ì l.Z<..
(4)
(2)
P^ J=#` qgHiOK U iH# Z=iH O|OkOz#k? (Dy.E.O.-2008)
1) qe"<
2) =< *<\
3) K.K#s
4) Z.H.<
(2)
~=< H~O q+ J#|O^ Oq OKk ^xH? (Dy.E.O.-2008)
1) ^#O == H~Q~O 2) W#= =i L 3) = i=O 4) Q# `=HO
(2)
` = ~ =`` O|OÔ Z=i` H^? (Dy.E.O.-2008)
1) K.qO\
2) P~.P~.<<
3) P~.#~
4) ~
(4)
K =~\ "Hx[O " xH `z# "~=~? (Dy.E.O.-2008)
1) Z..Q
2) _.=~
3) "~
4) P_" `
= # ^ =O^ +~` , XH =$k ^Q è#"~ (Dy.E.O.-2008)
(3)
1) ~
2) =<
3) ~"
4) <"
(2)
J~ `=_ (Dy.E.O.-2008)
1) H~=~
2) P_" `
3) iH~
4) *< =~
(4)
'~QO (Golden Age) =# ukOz#"~ (Dy.E.O.-2008)
1) +O@~
2) H~=~
3) e ~a< 4) *< ~a<<
'J^$ O J< Ô`x |Oiz#"~ Z=~? (Dy.E.O.-2008)
(4)
1) ~_
2) _=~
3) *< ~a<< 4) P_" `
z~Orq
50
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
ECONOMY
îH q+=O J#Q (Dy.E.O.-2008)
(1)
2) Z= L`^H` =i ` = PÔ
4) ` = ^ =i Z= @|_
(4)
1) ` = L`^H` =i ` = PÔ
3) Z= ^ =i Z= @|_
PiH Ja=$k J#Q (Q 22005)
1) XH Ô x[ *fÔ ~ O Q LO__O
2) *fÔ XH O=`~ HO Oq Oz# ^= ~Q^
3) == ~OQO =$kx JkQq Oz# iqH~O QO =$k
4) PiH == x~}`H =~` Oq Oz# n~H eH PiH =$k
g\ Uk J~ Ja=$k KOk# ^ H}
O H^ (Q 22005)
(3)
1) JkH [< =$k~ @ 2) JkH x~^y` ~ @ 3) JkH ^ =$u 4)JkH x~H~ ` ~ @
= < *\ H~O PiH =$k è ^ (Q 22005)
(2)
1) H P^ J=#Ò `Q ` Ok
2) H P^ J=#Ò ~QÒk
3) P^ J=#Ò `Q ` Ok
4) P^ O} U PH~O LO@Ok
x^< (H#yOKQe Q ) Ja=$k nxH =i O k (Q 22005)
(1)
1) ` `~O "i J=~# q +` `~"i J=~# _K O_ f~_O
2) q +` `~"i J=~# ` `~O "i J=~# H @ O_ f~_O
3) ` `~O "i J=~# H \ q +` `~ J=~# f~_O
4) ` `~O "i J=~# q +` `~"i J=~# H \ <~" ~ _O
HOk"\ Uk PiH `~ H~HO H^? (Q 22005)
(3)
1) =#= =#~
2) O H ^$H^
3) =^# OK #O 4)~[H OK #O
i__=~ #=< =` =$k ^x P^~_ Òk?(Q 22005)
(1)
1) ^ ~ @ =i Lù=^# ~ @
2) ^~ @ =i [< =$k~ @
3) @|_ ~ @ =i ^=O

4) =_ ~ @ =i ^= ^~
K # x~^y` PiH =$kH xH ^Q L yOK|_Ò^x <H K # J~ " `
(Q 22005)
(1)
1) ~Q~ #~
2) P~~ ~
3) P|~ ~=<
4)~*< ~ < ~_<
|#"# q~ }
"# |"# u~Qq H # " =_z" PiH ==# J~
Ja=$kH QiK O ^x q=iOz# J~ " ` (Q 22005)
(2)
1) g~ Jg<
2) l.q~
3) Z.l.OH
4)Z".\_~
J Ja=$k kOz# ^ ` xi Hh @|_ XH ^ "Ò LO_x ukOz#
Ja=$k J~ " ` (Q 22005)
(1)
1) K.< ~< 2) P~.<<
3) P~.~_<
4)P~.#~
P^ xH ~OQ= =i O^ ~OQO He LO_@# W JO\~ (Q 22005)
(3)
1) PiH Ò`` 2) " @
~OQO =Y` 3) PiH Ô^`= 4) = x
z~Orq
51
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
26. Lù ^` ZOH J#Q g\ =^ ZOH (Q 22000)

(1)
1) = O^` =i =^# O^`
2) O^ OHuH i*#O =i P^ xH OHuH i*#O
3) ^` ~ i= =i \~ i= 4) ` ~OQO =i " \ ~OQO
27. | ` u Ô`=# ukOz#"~ (Q 22000)
(1)
1) O^ PiH " `
2) #= O^ PiH " `
3) #`# O^ PiH " `
4) P^ xH PiH " `
28. î^ q+= =### QiOz K #"~ (Q 22000)
(4)
1) Ol=< y< 2) Q<~ q~
3) _| .Z.q
4) ~Q~ #~
29. ` = Ja=$k KOk# ^ PiH= $kH =Y x~^H = (Q 22000)
(2)
1) x~H~`
2) =^#H~`
3) ` =~ OHuH i*#O
4) ` = ~H" # =#= =#~
30. ~=< H~O `= Ja=$k KOk# ^ PiH=$k ì`Qu# [~QO> i#k(Q22000)
1) ~ ` O` _# =$k 2) JOè` =$k
3) Oè` =$k
4) " \ UnH^ (2)
31. DHOk H#|~z# "\ Uk OH == =^#=# O|OkOz#k H^?(Q22000)
32.
33.
34.
35.
1) P~Q H~
2) q^ H~
3) O` =y 4) ~"} H~
=^# O Lù x+u J#Q (Q 22000)
1) qxQ^~x == ` ~K @ i_ =^# O x@
2) XH x\ Lùx ` ~K @ i_ =^# O
3) =^# O Px <H@ `y# =^# O "Ò
4) " g H=
PiH Ja=$k JO> (Non-Gazetted 2005)
1) XH O=`~O #O_ =~H O=`~xH *fÔ ~Q^
2) x[ ^ "q H ì PÔ n~H O [iQ ~Q^
3) n~H O [iQ x[ @|_ ~Q^
4) [< ~Q^ J#ÒQ *fÔ ~Q^
~" iH ` k" =oO ^ (Non-Gazetted 2005)
1) Ja=$k H ` "^=Òk
2) Ja=$k H # i K O k
3) = # ^ =O^ =O k
4) = # ^ `~ "` =O k
îH q+= Q "^# D O|OÔ # P^~_ L<~ (Non-Gazetted 2005)
1) PÔ =i [<
2) @|_ =i OHuH *#O
3) L`^H` =i PÔ
4) qxQO =i Lù
z~Orq
52
(3)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(3)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
36. [< ~Q^ *fÔ ~Q^ =^ Q O|OÔ PiH == J~ =``

î fO ^x q=iOz# =H (Non - Gazetted, 2005)
(4)
1) K. OQ~
2) P~.~_<
3) K. < ~ < 4) P~.<<
(3)
37. HOk Uk Ja=$kx x~~ OK PiH `~ H~HO H^ ? (Non - Gazetted, 2005)
1) =#= ^<
2) =lH ^$H^ 3) =^# OK #O 4) ~rH ~ ` O
38. D HOk "\ U JOO =#= Ja=$k zH iQ}O K|_^ ? (Non - Gazetted, 2005) ( 3 )
1) r=# JOK<HO 2) r=# =}O
3) ~+ =#Ò 4) q^~#
(3)
39. [< i}=O D HOk ^xH =i O k ? (Non - Gazetted, 2005)
1) Qg} O` #Oz @}
O` [< =
2) [< H ~+ x+u =~
3) JkH [## =~} ~ @ #Oz ` = [## =~} ~ @ Hê H
4) JkH [#< =i ` = =~} ~ @ #Oz ` = [#< =i ` = =~} ~ @ Hê H
(4)
40. Oè` =$k =x ukOK_O D L^ O LOk (Non - Gazetted, 2005)
1) PiH == x qq^ ~OQ =^ ~ ~ O|OÔ LO__O
2) |~` P^# JO`~` O Q =KH=_xH Q P=H`
3) UHH =~@ J=~O
4) = x
41. Ja=$k }oH ~K# O|OkOz# ~ O_ H~` (Mm) ÔÒ nxH =i O k. (Non-Gazetted, 2005) (4)
1) ^"} H~` =i @|_ Mm
2) ^ JO`~O =i u ^"} JO`~O
3) q^ ^= =~HO Q =i ^=@ q^#O
4) ^ H~` =i q^ ^= qx= H~` ^ J=~Ô
42. D HOk "\ Uk HO` =~H < =#= =^# O @|_Q iQ}O K|_Òk?(Non-Gazetted, 2005)
1) OK# |^" # q^
2) xK tH}
O^_O
(4)
3) "~Q # P~Q H~ O
4) = h
(1)
43. == ~OQO K # x~^y` Q H~}O (Non - Gazetted, 2005)
1) q [< Xu_
2) |`=< ==O P^~_ _ O
3) [qO^s ~=_O
4) ==~OQO HiH O H =_O
(1)
44. yh Q}HO HeKk (APPSC, 2001)
1) P^ J=#`
2) Of J=#`
O H J=#`
4) OHuH J=#`
(4)
45. =^ qH OHuH q*#O J< =## " \# "_ (APPSC, 2001)
1) Z.H.<
2) O@~
3) *.*.H
4) =H~
46. ~ ~ ^$ ''aQ + (^ `_) ÔÒ D HOk P^~OQ "kOK|_k (APPSC, 2001) ( 3 )
1) [< JkH= $k
2) JkH @|_ ~ @
3) Jq[` =i |~`
4) =~\ q $` ik.
z~Orq
53
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
47. ''XH Ô îHOQ LO__xH ^x îH" H~}O Jx KC @ Q "~= D HOk ^xH

(2)
=i O k (APPSC, 2001)
1) ^ Z`# x~^y`
2) îH q+==
3) ` = @|_ ~ @
4) ` = y~H ~
48. U.N.D.P. ^~ 1990 #O_ "_H L# PiHa=$kH H=#O (APPSC, 2001)
(3)
1) =eH J=~ zH
2) uH <}` r=# zH (..Z.S.)
3) =#= Ja=$k zH
4) P^ zH
(2)
49. H==$k J#Q (APPSC, 2001)
1) Jx ~OQ XH O=`~O XH ~ @ kOK@
2) Jx ~OQ K O=`~= =~ XH ~ @ kOK@
3) HO == =$k~ @ JkHO Q LO__O
4) n~H O iqH =$k~ @ JkHO Q LO__O
(3)
50. PiHa=$k =# J#Q (APPSC, 2001)
1) PiH =$k` e Oz`" # =#
2) PiH =$k` =#O
3) PiH= $k` e q $`" # =#
4) PiHa=$k` U qÔ Q# O|OÔ xk
(4)
51. PiHa=$k J#Q PiHa=$k =i (APPSC, 2001)
1) ^~ ~ ` =
2) ^"|O
3) u ^"}O
4) =lH =~
(4)
52. Z= =^ , ` = P^ ^Q nx ukH g^ ql OK|_~ (APPSC, 2003)
1) [<
2) l.Z<..
3) " =
4) ì l.Z<..
(4)
53. D HOk "x PiHa=$kH Uk J=~Ô ? (APPSC, 2003)
1) ` = =^# H#~@
2) î^ q+=O
3) O H, O $u J=~^
4) = h
(4)
54. XH ^ PiHa=$k nx P^~_ Òk (APPSC, 2003)
1) =[ =#~
2) =^# H#
3) =~\ i=}= 4) = x
(4)
55. Ja=$kH #`# H=#= (APPSC, 2003)
1) ì PÔ
2) OHuH i*#O 3) ZQ=`
4) =#"a=$k zH
56. P^ J=#` Qi, u~Q| _# "U" PH~ Ô`x ukOz#"~ (APPSC, 2003) ( 1 )
1) = < *\
2) Z.H.<
3) K#s
4) Q = u
57. ~=< ##iOz D HOk i= Z= q+ O|O^= LO@Ok. (Z= J#|O^)
(APPSC, 2003)
(1)
1) W#= =i L i=
2) *o i=
3) Q# i=
4) " \ UnH^
(3)
58. PiH =$k, ~
Q =## ukOz#"~ (APPSC, 2003)
1) ~_
2) _=~
3) *<~a<<
4) J_" `
z~Orq
54
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
59. =$k ^ Ô`x ukOz#"~ (APPSC, 2003)

(4)
1) ~_
2) _=~
3) *<~a#<
4) _| . _| . ~"
(1)
60. ''Oè` =$k J#Q (APPSC, 2003)
1) XH ~ @ Jx i= =$k KO^@
2) =~ =$k
3) =#HiOQ ~OQO @|_
4) ==O @|_
(2)
61. ~=< "kOz# ="k ? (APPSC, 2003)
1) Oè` =$k
2) JOè` =$k
3) ZQ=u `H ==
4) kQ=u `= ==
(2)
62. q^ @|_x D qÔ Q iQ} ~ . (APPSC, 2003)
1) uH =^# = 2) =#= =^# = 3) =[ =^# = 4) " g H=
(2)
63. qQ q= Ô`=# ukOz#"~ (APPSC, 2003)
1) =~
2) H~= ~
3) Z..Q
4) =<
(2)
64. yh Q}H= Z= L# _ (APPSC, 2003)
1) J=#` ` =
2) J=#` Z= 3) O~ =#` 4) " g H=
(1)
65. ~O* =H~ Y nxx HO k (APPSC, 2003)
1) P^ O}
2) îH=
3) x~^y`
4) P~ O}
(2)
66. =#"a=$k zH D HOk P^~OQ xi~ (J.L., 2003)
1) JH~ ` ~ @, t=~} ~ @ =i r=#H O= h` ~ @
2) JH~ ` ~ @, r=#H O= h` ~ @ =i PÔ
3) JH~ ` ~ @ =i K^ =< ~A Q@
, [##=_ r=#H O= h` ~ @ =i
i`
4) O= h r=#H ~ @ t=~} ~ @ =i +}
(2)
67. P~~ ~ H~O, Ô^ PiH == g\ LxHx è* O k. (J.L., 2006)
1) ==O, i=
2) "#H|_ Ju ^ == ~OQO =i P^ xH ~OQO
3) P^ xH OHuH ^` =i O^ OHuH ^`
4) q =i @|_^~
(3)
68. O=` =$k~ @ J<_ =## " \# "~ (J.L., 2006)
1) N=u *< ~a<< 2) _| ._| .~" 3) P~.Z. ~_
4) a.y<
69. 5% @|_~ @ #Oz 10% ^ JO`HO > Z= ^ @|_ D ^ LO\~. (J.L., 2006)
(3)
1) O^ =[O 2) = # ^ ~O 3) = #^
4) iH `" #_
(4)
70. @|_ H Hh H$+ Ô`x ukOz# J~ G"` (J.L., 2006)
1) Q<~ q~
2) ~*< ~ < ~_< 3) P~.P~.<<
4) ~ < <
z~Orq
55
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
71. << H~O J~ =Ò = "#H|_ ^ D H~}OQ U~_Òk. (J.L., 2006) ( 1 )

1) [< JkH =$k~ @
2) *fÔ ` = =$k ~ @
3) ì P^ ` = =$k~ @
4) ` = [< ~ @
72. n~H O O~^y` Q H==$k ~=_xH ~_ D +~` # ~<~. (J.L., 2006) ( 3 )
1) Ga = Gw
2) Gw = Gn
3) Ga = Gw = Gn
4) Ga = Gn
73. D HOk "\ Uk ` ? (J.L., 2006)

(1)
1) Hh H$+ Ô`x P~~ ~ ukOK~
2) JOè` =$k Ô`x K.OQ~ |iK_
3) îH q+ =# #~ q+ O K_
4) H OÔ LiÒ "q ^ Ô`x P~.a+ ukOK_
74. K # x~^y`# xH ^Q L yOKHx ^ Ja=$k KO^=K Jx K # J~ G"`
(J.L., 2006)
(1)
1) P~. #~
2) . ~<
3) W. _=~
4) _| ._| .~"
(1)
75. LO` =^# Lù x+u JO> H=# (J.L., 2006)
1) XH J^# x\ Lù OK_xH H=# =^# ~Q^
2) "Ò =^< xH, "Ò LùH =^ Q x+u
3) =^# q= Lù q=
4) "Ò =^# O "Ò Lù
(4)
76. = q[ # "x ukOz#k Z=~ ? (J.L., 2006)
1) *.Z.q
2) iH~
3) ~
4) `
(2)
77. =$k ^ HOk Z=iH O|OkOz#k ? (J.L., 2007)
1) H~= ~
2) ~"
3) O@~
4) Q<~q~
(2)
78. PiH == ~Qu LOk Jx K _xH, `$f~OQ "\ *fÔ (J.L., 2007)
1) `Q_ O
2) ~Q_ O
3) ~ O Q LO__O
4) "^@ iy `~` `Q_ O
(4)
79.
" #~ H~O îH q+ = D H~}OQ xK~ (J.L., 2004)
1) Ô H "#H|_ `#O
2) @|_ H~`
3) OHuH < } H~`
4) ^ H~`
(2)
80. q~ H~O "#H|_ ^ ` = Ja=$k K@ K H=_xH H~}O ? (J.L., 2004)
1) JkH q~ }
", ` = H"+ "
2) ` = q~ }
", JkH H"+ "
3) q~ }
", H"+ " ~ O_ ` =
4) q~ }
", H"+ " ~ O_ Z=
(3)
81. Hh H$+ @|_ ÔÒ nx <H K Òk (J.L., 2004)
1) ~ # Lù ^` # Lù "__O
2) @|_ q^#O
3) ^ "Ò @|_ P=H`
4) ` = [< =$k~ @
z~Orq
56
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
82. uH <}` r=# zH (PQLI) =_ JO P^~OQ xiOz# XH zH (J.L., 2004) ( 2 )

1) [# #Oz O= h rq`HO, t =~} ~ @ =i PÔ
2) [# #Oz O= h rq`HO, t =~} ~ @ =i JH~ ` ~ @
3) [# #Oz O= h rq`HO, t =~} ~ @ =i +}
4) [# #Oz O= h rq`HO, +} =i JH~ ` ~ @
83. ~_ H~O O~ L^y`` _# n~H =`` PiH == D iu =O k
(J.L., 2004) ( 2 )
1) Ga = Gw
2) Ga = Gn = Gw
3) Gn = Gw
4) Ga = Gn
84. ''P< _= QO^H~ (J.L., 2004)

(1)
1) Q<~q~
2) P_O`
3) Z.H.<
4) Z.~
85. '' D* |\ QO^H~ (J.L., 2003)
(2)
1) Q`
2) =K~
3) *+ Q \
4) =O^<t=
(1)
86. ''OHuH Ô^`= J< =## L yOz#k (J.L., 2003)
1) Olq< y<
2) *.K.H
3) Z.~
4) P~.~_<
(4)
87. I.C.O.R. - q~ } (J.L., 2001)
1) iqH =^# Lù x+u
2) JO`~f =^# Lù x+u
3) @|_ =^# Lù x+u
4) J^# (LO`) =^# Lù x+u
(3)
88. =~ Ja=$k ^ ÔÒ z=i ^ (J.L., 2001)
1) @|_^s q^#O 2) =["Ô
3) H=x[O
4) +e[O
(2)
89. ''JOè` =$k Ô`x ukOz#k (J.L., 2001)
1) #~
2) ~=<
3) "c<<
4) ~*< < ~_<
90. ~ ukOz# Ji`q` qH
ÔÒ nx P^~_ O k (J.L., 2001)
(4)
1) Oè` =$k ÔÒ
2) Hh H$+ @|_ ÔÒ
3) ''s ` ÔÒ
4) JkH [< Hey# ^ LO` L`^H` < LO@Ok
(2)
91. ''~" =$k ^ ÔÒ iH ` Q=#= J< ^ (J.L., 2001)
1) = # ^ =OL^ =K#
2) = # ^ `~` =K#
3) Ja=$k H ~O= Q#
4) Ja=$k H i JQ#
92. =<a #=< `=OQ ''"`# == #=<# ~zOz# "~ (Gazz, 2006) ( 1 )
1) =H |#O^
2) Z. KH=i
3) [Qn Q = u
4) _.P~.Q_
z~Orq
57
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
93. =~ Ja=$k ^ ÔÒ ~ # H=O Uk ? (Civils, 2007)

(2)
1) x ^
2) Pk= H=x[O
3) +e[O
4) H=x[O
5) _e[O
6) @|_^s q^#O
HOk "Code" # yOz i # =^#= H#Q#O_.
1) 123456
2) 215634
3) 125634
4) 215643
94. *<\ ukOz# ''u~Q" # U" Ô`= (inverted U-hypothesis) D HOk JOxH O|OkOz#k
(Civils, 2007)
(3)
1) qxQ J=#`
2) O^ J=#`
3) P^ J=#`
4) # J=#`
(2)
95. ''J#|O^ Ô`= U ~H" # Ja=$k #=< i=# (Civils, 2007)
1) Oè` =$k #=<
2) JOè` =$k #=<
3) [< =$k #=<
4) XH ~OQ =$k #=<
96. ~OO P^ J=#` ~ iy `~` ^ J=#` `Q # Jx ukOz# PiH" `
(Civils, 1995)
(2)
1) ~_
2) = < *<\
3) H
4) +
(Z)
97. kQ=## ~K~ `# =## [`K
O_ (Civils, 2000)
e 1
e 2
Z) _=~
1) ~
QO (Golden age)
a) ~*<< ~_<
2) aQ +
3) Ja=$k ^
) Rostow (~")
_) *< ~a<<
4) J=~" # =$k ~ @ (Required rate of growth)
Codes :
a) A B C D
4 2 3 1
b) A B C D
2 4 3 1
c) A B C D
2 4 1 3
d) A B C D
4 2 1 3
98. K # x~^y` O|OkOz HOk "x i J~#k (Civils, 1995)

Z) Wk xH ^# èK #
a) = LO` L`^H` < ^ K ` =
) Wk L=_ @O| q^#O = H#|_#
_) Qg} O` Z=Q H#|_#
1) a,
2) Z, a, , _
3) , _
z~Orq
58
(2)
4) Z, a,
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
99. [`K
O_. (Civils, 1996)
e 1
Z) ~[< < ~_<
a) < <
) #~
_) _| . _| . ~"
(Z)
e 2
1) Hh H$+ ÔÒ
2) aQ + ÔÒ
3) Take off (=#^)
4) îH q+=
Codes : a) A B C D
b) A B C D
2 1 4 3
3 4 2 1
c) A B C D
d) A B C D
3 1 4 2
2 4 1 3
100. ''PiHa=$k J#Q (Civils, 1997)

(2)
1) x~O`~ H
2) HeH H 3) n~H eH H
"Y i J~#k
1) 2 =`"
2) 1 =i 3
3) 3 =`"
4) 1 =i 2
101. "Economic development with unlimited supply of labour" J< QO^x ~zOzOk. (Civils, 1998) ( 3 )
1) ~=<
2) ~"
3) ~
4) z<i
102. a << H Hh H$+ ÔÒ [< J< H~H= D qÔ Q xK # (Civils, 1995) ( 2 )
1) P^x $+O K#
2) P^x J}K"
# (income depressing)
3) @|_ Ò
4) =~\ q $u
103. +O@~ Ja=$k ÔÒ nxH ^#` W=|_# (Civils, 1999)
(4)
VC
+C
1) Oè` =$k P=H`
2) J=# H~ Ja=$k
V +V C
V
3) "<[~ `
4) #=H# `
(2)
104. HOk "x iQ [`K
|_#k (Civils, 1999)
1) Z._| . ~
aQ + ÔÒ
2) Z.F. ~=<
JOè` =$k =O
3) ~*x< ~_<
PiH =$k ^
4) _| ._| .~" Jiq` qH

105. =~ H O.C.C. (Organic Composition of Capital) ''P~xH HOl+_ Q` ~\
4)
( a)
1) ~_<
2) ~__=~
3) ~
4) <<
a) A B C D
b) A B C D
c) A B C D
d) A B C D
1 2 4 3
4 3 1 2
1 3 4 2
4 2 1 3
z~Orq
59
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
107. PiHa=$k H nxx `# (Civils, 2003)

(4)
1) n~H O *fÔ =$k
2) ì PÔ r=# =} =$k
3) "Ò [< O~ L^y`
4) *f P^=$k`@ PiH == == ~H =~
(4)
108. ~< 5 ^ =^ =Ò KOK#. Jq =~Q (Civils, 2004)
Z) = # ^ =O^# ^
a) iH ` Q=#O
) =H qxQ ^
_) O^H =[O
W) = #^
1) Z, a, , _, W
2) a, Z, , _, W
3) _, Z, a, , W
4) _, Z, W, a,
109. HOk "xx [`K
O_.
( _ )
e 1
e 2
1) _| . Z. ~
Z) | ` u (stationary State)
a) Jiq` qH ~
2) l.q~
3) ~_ _=~
) Knife - edge equilibrium
4) Z. `
_) Theory of cumulative causation
a) A B C D
2 1 3 4
b) A B C D
c) A B C D
4 3 1 2
2 3 1 4
d) A B C D
4 1 3 2
110. #~ H îH q+= g\ =^ JOÒ|OÔ LO@O^x `#.

(1)
1) L`^H` =i PÔ
2) PÔ =i [<
3) ^"}= =i JkH qxQ=
4) qQ = =i `# x~^y`
P^ xH PiH =$k :

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
QO^ ~K~ ` = < *<\

Wk Ja=$k KOk# ^ O|OkOz#k.
= < *<\ P^ xH PiH =$kH 6 H< ~<#.
gx 2 i=}`H JO, 2 == ~H =~ KOk#q. 2 JO`~f q~ }
JO
KOk#q.
JkH ì Lù =$k~ @ =i JkH [< ~ @
L`^H` ~Q^
Z= ~ x~}`H =~
@}H~}
Ja=$k KOk# ^ q~ }
( The outward Expansion of Developed countries.)
JO`~fOQ = , == , =^# Hê H.
Modern Economic Growth
z~Orq
60
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
x=i\ ` ` x =^<
111. PiH =$k J# =#.
( )
1. PiHa=$k J# =#` =#"# k
2. PiHa=$k J# =#HO> Oz`" # k
3. PiHa=$k J# =#HO> q"# k
4. PiHa=$k J# =# O|OÔ xk
112. ''îH q+=O J# =## H\ O z# PiH" ` .
( )
1. O[q< y<
2. ~Q~ #~
3. _| . P~~ ~ 4. *.ZO.H<
113. HOk "\ Ja=$k KO^x PiH= = H PiH H}
= Uk?
( )
1. *##`
2. x~H~ ` 3. ` = =lH~ 4. ` = ì PÔ
114. HOk "\ ^xx PiH =$kH x["# zHQ iQ} ~ ?
( )
1. ` ^~ x *fÔ ~Q^
2. ~ " # ^~ x *fÔ ~Q^
3. "= ì PÔx x~O`~ ~Q^ 4. ` ^~ x ì PÔ ~Q^
( )
115. PQLI J##k ^xH =#O.
1. l H He\ P WO_H
2. l H HO\\ P WO_H
3. l H He\ P e@~ WO_H
4. l H HO\\ P e@~ WO_H
116. ''=#= Ja=$k x"kH# ` ~ K #k.
( )
1. O KO
2. ~f i[~ O 3. .<._..
4. _| .\.F.
117. JOè` =$k Ô`=# K # PiH" ` .
( )
1. .H.H
2. *.O.H<
3. ~Q~ #~
4. Z.F.~=<
118. PiH == x J<H ~H H~H UH H=O^ Ja=$k KO^_x W ~ . ( )
1. aQ+ ÔÒ
2. Oè` =$k ÔÒ
3. JOè` =$k ÔÒ
4. L^Q H# x =$k ÔÒ
119. ''=^ O`~ OHuH Lù û x ukOz# PiH" ` .
( )
1. .<.=H
2. W.. +=K~
3. .P~.|#O^
4. ..=<a
120. PiHa=$k`@ ==~OQOx qH H Ò.
( )
1. ~QÒk
2. `Q ` Ok 3. ~ O Q LO@Ok 4. Jxt` su =~Òk
121. ~`^ O 19992000 O=`~O <\H îH ~ Y HO^ L# [< Ò ZO`?(2003)( )
2. 36%
3. 51%
4. 55%
1. 26% (26 crores)
111.(2)
119.(2)
z~Orq
112.(2) 113.(4)
120.(2) 121.(1)
114.(3) 115.(1) 116.(3) 117.(4) 118.(2)
61
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
122. 'J^$ O ^x "_#"~.

( )
1. =
2. J=~ <
3. WOk~QOn
4. P_O`
123. =#"a=$k zH D =_O\ =O_#.
( )
1. P=}O, JH~ `, ^
2. PÔ, ^, rqÒ
3. P=}O, JH~ `, PÔ
4. JH~ `, PÔ, qxQO
124. PiHa=$k J#Q.
( )
1. PiH =$k
2. [ PK# =~
3. [< =$k
4. =$k`@ x~}`H" # =~
125. "#H|_# ^ =# H}
=.
( )
1. Z= =^# qH x+u
2. Z= ^
3. qH H~`
4. Z= "`= q =
126. ~Q`# ì PÔ XH ^ ...........H KHO .
( )
1. "#H|_#`#= 2. PiHa=$k
3. ~Q`# [<
4. ~Q`# ^~
127. #~ H~= î^ q+==# `yOK=K.
( )
1. kQ=`
2. =^# OK #= 3. ZQ=`
4. qxQ=
128. ~`^ O P^ O}.
( )
1. i # P^ O}
2. J=# P^ O}
3. P^ O} ^
4. P^ O} Z=
129. îÔ nxH KH= .
( )
1. PiH Ja=$k
2. "#H|_#`#=
3. iqH Ja=$k 4. Of J=#`
130. "#H|_# Ô H =# H}
=.
( )
1. == ^#` 2. qH H~`
3. Z= ^~ @
4. =^# O=$k
131. Ja=$k x~^H = .
( )
1. =^# = H~`
2. ` = < }= Q q
3. =^# = =$k
4.Z= < }= Q q
132. JOè` =$k ÔÒ K # =Y"# PiH" ` .
( )
1. ~ =i P_" `
2. =H =i |#O^
3. +O@~ =i =~
122.(4)
130.(1)
z~Orq
123.(3) 124.(4)
131.(1) 132.(4)
4. OQ~ =i ~=<
125.(4) 126.(2) 127.(2) 128.(2) 129.(2)
62
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
133 W<"O @s J#Q.

( )
1.H~Q~ x~} H =O_ ==
2. H~Q~ x~} JH =O_ ==
3. H~Q~ JH =
4. H~Q~O = O_
134. PiH= $k =i Ja=$k ~ O_.
( )
1. =#=
2. "~ ~
3. J#`=
4. q==
135. Ja=$k KOk# ^ H#_ H}
O.
( )
1. =^# O JkHO Q LO__O
2. < }OQ q JkHO Q LO__O
3. ^q H ~OQO P^~_ _ O
4. [ =#~ ` =Q LO__O
136. PiHa=$k #=H# `# <H K #"~.
( )
1. +O@~
2. =~
3. iH~
4. =
137. PiHa=$k PiH `~ H~H Wk XH\ .
( )
1. OHuHa=$k
2. x~} èq`@
3. L^=^~x èq`@
4. O H O
138. Oè` =$k =x ukOz#"~.
( )
1. ~=<
2. #~
3. ~
4. q~
139. Ja=$k KOk# ^@|_ @_xH Q L`H` iqÒQ LO__xH QH~}=. ( )
1. [< i=}O ` =Q LO__O
2. q OY ` =Q LO__O
3. =~@ ik ` =Q LO__O
4. ^ " O ` =Q LO__O
140. Ja=$k KO^`# ^ K # x~^QO D ~OQO JkHO Q H^.
( )
1. i=
2. ==O
3. "~OQO
4. q^j~OQO
141. =#= =^# H# J#Q.
( )
1. [ OY# OK q^#O
2. [< OY# OK q^#O
3. uH =^# =$k q^#=
4. [ < }# OK q^#O
142. ~" nxx q=iOK#.
( )
1. Oè` =$k
2. JOè` =$k
3. q+=O
4. PiHa=$k ^
143. ~`^ O Qg} O`Z==Ok nxH Q~=`~.
( )
1. |~OQ x~^QO 2. K^ =#"i x~^QO 3. H# x~^QO 4. K # x~^QO
144. 1998 O=`~O PiH GO < |=u Q `.
( )
1. eO\
2. J=~ <
3. H~
4. q~
133.(1)
141.(4)
z~Orq
134.(2) 135.(3)
142.(4) 143.(4)
136.(1) 137.(4) 138.(2) 139.(3) 140.(2)

144.(2)
63
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
145. 'U+ < _= J< QO^ ~K~ `.

( )
1. O |~
2. =~
3. H~=~
4. q~
146. [ =$k ~ @ J< =## ukOz#"~.
( )
1.~_
2. _=~
3. H~
4. *<~a<<
147. ~=< D Ô`x " K_.
( )
1. aQ +
2. Oè` =$k
3. Hh H$+
4. JOè` =$k
148. =_= O K ^ J#Q...
( )
1. @|_^s ^ 2. ="^ ^
3. Ja=$k KO^`# ^ 4. = x
149. PiHa=$k [iy#C_ *<\ H~O *fÔ...
( )
1. ==~OQ QO ~Q#
2. ==~OQ QO xH_Q LO_#
3. ==~OQ QO "^@ `y, `~ "` ~Q# 4. ==~OQ QO `Q #
150. PiH =$k ^ Ô`x ukOz#"~.
( )
1. ~
2. #~
3. q~
4. ~"
151. Jiq` = ~ ~ Ô`xukOz#"~.
( )
1. O[q< y<
2. "~
3. =<" <O Q
4. ~
152. #=H# Ô`x ukOz#"~.
( )
1. P_" `
2. =~
3. +O@~
4. ~=<
153. =#= xi` =^# =@|_ J#Q.
( )
1. P~QO =i q^
2. P~QO
3. q^
4. ~_ #
154. K # x~^y` JO>.
( )
1. = LO` L`^H` # JQ@
2. = Q@
L`^H` # JQ@
3. JkH = LO` L`^H`
4. J Q@
= L`^H`
155. Hh J=~ ^H O D HO " @|_#k.
( )
1. <= }oH
2. S^= }oH
3. P~= }oH
4. U_= }oH
156. P^ xH ~OQO ~`# ~OQO H LO_@#...
( )
1. PiH Ò`` zO
2. " \ ~OQO =Y`# `#
3. PiH Ô^Ò
4. = x
145.(4)
153.(1)
z~Orq
146.(1) 147.(2)
154.(1) 155.(2)
148.(3) 149.(4) 150.(4) 151.(4) 152.(3)

156.(3)
64
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
157. @|_ J#Q.

( )
1. ` P ^ i H @
2. O Q Hiqu _l@
3. 1 =i 2
4. uH L`^H == q= ~Q^
158. XH JQK~ O PiH ==# =O^ #_ O ^x qOz# PiH" ` .
( )
1. P_" `
2. =~
3. H<
4. ~a<
( )
159. 'Das Capital' H ~K~ `.
1. ~_
2. P_" `
3. <<
4. H~=~
160. ''i[~ # J< = =#` O|O^= # PiH G"`.
( )
1. P_" `
2. H~=~
3. iH~
4. H<
161. PiHa=$k ~ @# x~~ OK@OHuH Qu =Y` =O ^x qOz#"_.
( )
1. H<
2. +O@~
3. <<
4. H*<
162. L`^H Lù =uH` O|O^= # PiH" ` .
( )
1. eO\
2. ~_<
3. <<
4. H*<
163. ''K # x~^y` J< =## " \# PiH" ` .
( )
1. ~~ T@<
2. q *< ~a<<
3. ^= <<
4. *< g<~H <
164. PiHa=$k HL# _HO\#\ |~` P^ H ^#`# Ô`s`
ukOz#"_.
( )
1. <<
2. ~_<
3. =~
4. eO\
165. PiHa=$k XH ^ Ki# `~`.
( )
1. ==` H =~ ^#` iy Lù ~Q^ ^#` ~QÒk
2. ==` H =~ ~ O Q =O_ Lù ~Q^ ^#` `Q ` Ok
3. ==` H =~ ^#` `y, Lù ~Q^ ^#` ~QÒk
4. i=}`H =i Q}`H =~ ^#` KÒk
166. K # x~^Q LO` L`^H` .
( )
1. #=
2. XH\
3. J#O`=
4. XH\ H< Z=
167. Ô^ PiH == J< =## " \_ .
( )
1. H<
2. H
3. ~
4. ~
157.(4)
165.(3)
z~Orq
158.(1) 159.(4)
166.(1) 167.(2)
160.(2) 161.(2) 162.(1) 163.(2) 164.(2)
65
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
168. =#+ O^# Ja=$k K <O^Q# P=} =$k JH~ ` =$k, qH Q=#j`
=$k =#Q J~^ =~# K #"_.
( )
1. +
2. ~ =O_
3. "
4. H ~ <
169. *fÔHhO 10% ^K @|_" =oOKH ` = # ^# K~ H=_O J^ O
J#"~.
( )
1. ~
2. ~"
3. ~a<
4. <H
170. #=H# =# PiHa=$k ^ =x K #"_.
( )
1. +O@~
2. ~
3. ~=<
4. y|~
171. P^ xH HO L`^H Lù =uH# ` ~K < |=ux Ok#"_.
( )
1. H
2. ~a<
3. Q`
4. eO\
172. H= =$k J< =## " \# "_.
( )
1. =^ ~
2. q.H.P~.q.~=
3. K

4. =`

173. 'Jiq` =
J< =## " \# "_.
( )
1. ~
2. ~_<
3. q
4. =
174. PiH ==# r=<^~ ~OQO, @|_^~ ~OQO Jx =sHi Oz#"_.
( )
1.J~~ f
2. P_" `
3. _q_ iH~
4. P~~ ~
175. ~ L^ O =^# x~}O nx P^~_ Òk.
( )
1. q "`< ^
2. @|_^~ qQ
3. =_ "~ WK |}
4. @ ^= q^#O
176. PiHa=$k _H O \#\# QiOz K #"_.
( )
1. ~*< < ~_< 2. H<
3. +O@~
4. ~_
177. PiHa=$k H # q=iOK@ 'Jq* J< =## " \# "_.
( )
1. P~~ ~
2. ~*< < ~_<
3. ~_
4. +O@~
178. ''O< P H@ J< =## =$k Ô`xH "_#"_.
( )
1. ~~
2. H~=~
3. `
4. ~*< < ~_<
179. =O^ J#|O^, "#H J#|O^ J< =## " \# "_.
( )
1. ~=<
2. ~Q~ K
3. =^ ~
4.
180. @|_^s PiH == =~ O ~} "\ `< xH îfO k.
( )
1. #~
2. ~=<
3. H~ =~
4. ~_<
168.(1)
176.(1)
z~Orq
169.(2) 170.(1)
177.(2) 178.(4)
171.(4) 172.(1) 173.(1) 174.(4) 175.(2)

179.(1) 180.(3)
66
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
181. @|_^s == =~ O ~} <kQ qQ q= Ô`x q=iOz#"_.

( )
1. =~
2. Q<~ q~
3. Q`
4. H<
182. +e*xH =QOÔ Q iQ}O K|_k.
( )
1. A Treatiseon money 2. Das Capital 3. Value and Growth 4. Wealth of Nations
183. P~xH HOl+< P H@ J< =## =$k ÔÒ "_#"_.
( )
1. #~
2. ~=<
3. H~=~
4. \ q
184. OHuH *# Qu =# U~_ x~^Q# iqH i[~# Jx ez#"_.
( )
1. =~
2. `
3. +O@~
4. H~
185. L^=^~_ =$k H ^ #` =_x K #"_.
( )
1. +O@~
2. iH~
3. =~
4. `
186. H"+ ZH =i _ ZH J< =## " \# "_.
( )
1. Q<~ q~
2. P~~ f
3. ~=<
4. #~H
187. XH OÒ PiH q~ }
H#Q@C_ Jk W`~ O` q~ }
`__` Jk nx =O.
1. O H == =^# O
2. aQ +
( )
3. H "+ Z
4. _ Z
188. i # [`Hxk
( )
Z
a
1. #=H#
Z. +O+@~
2. îH q+=
a. ~Q~ #~
3. iqH i[~#
. H~ =~
4. Jiq` qH ~
_. J~~ ~
5. _ ZH
W. ~".
189. i # [`Hxk
Z
a
1. qQ q= ÔÒ
Z. H~=~
2. =~\ ÔÒ
a. *.a. (J.B.Say)
3. K # x~^y`
. N=u *< ~a<<
4. [< q@#O = PiH# ~HO
_. Z_<H#<
190. i # [`Hxk.
( )
1. ^ H @
Z. H~ =~
2. P < _=
a. Q<~ q~
3. " P <+<
. *.O.H#
_. ~"
4. Take-off into sustained growth
5. Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth
W. <<
181.(1)
189.(4)
z~Orq
182.(2) 183.(3)
190.(3)
184.(1) 185.(1) 186.(1) 187.(4) 188.(5)

67
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
H
191. PiH =$k J< =# ^xH KOk#k?
( )
1. Ja=$k KOk# ^
2. Ja=$k ^
3. ~ < ^
4. " g H=
192. PiHa=$k J< =# ^xH KOk#k?
( )
1. Ja=$k KOk# ^ 2. Ja=$k ^ 3. P < ^ 4. " g H=
193. D HOk"x q"# =# Uk?
( )
1. PiH =$k
2. PiHa=$k
3. PiH =#
4. " g H=
194. D HO^ è# zH Uk PiH= $kx HeK H=#O.
( )
1. P~Q H~ O
2. JH~ `
3. *fÔ =$k ~ @4. = x
195. D HO^ è# zH Uq PiHa=$kx è* #.
( )
1. P~Q H~ O
2. JH~ `
3. *fÔ =$k ~ @
4. = x
196. PiHa=$k Uq H LO_#.
( )
1) i=}`H zH 2) Q}`H" # zH 3) 1 =i 2 4) 1 ^ 2
197. ì PÔ iy#@ J~`.
( )
1. *fÔ =$k~ @ ~Q#
2. [< =$k ` =Q LO_#
3. [< =$k Z= LO_#
4. 1 =i 2
198. Jiq` qH
J< =## ^xH J#~OK=K#.
( )
1. "~OQO
2. x~}~OQO
3. H~ O QO
4. ==~OQO
199. OH = O J< =# D O^~ O =Y"# k.
( )
1. *fÔ iy#C_
2. *fÔ `y# C_
3. *fÔ ~ O Q L#C_
4. *fÔ #O} J~#C_
200. [< Jx =~ "iH PiH= $k e ` K~ `~ Jx è =O.
( )
4. Back wash effect
1. Trickle up effect 2. Trickle down effect 3. Take-off effect
201. ~` O îHx ^x P^~OQ x~~}
K~ .
(1)
1. H s fO\~ 2. W
3. |@
4. = h
202. "#H|_# ^ [< =$k~ @ Z=Q LO__xH H~}O.
( )
1. JkH [##~@
2. ` = =~}~ @
3. 1 =i 2
4. " g H=
203. "#H|_# ^# II ~Q~ #~ nx ^$ x~zOK#.
( )
1. [ =#~ H~`
2. =^# O H~`
3. =#= =#~ H~`
4. OHuH i*#O H~`
191.(1)
199.(4)
z~Orq
192.(2) 193.(2)
200.(2) 201.(1)
194.(3) 195.(4) 196.(3) 197.(4) 198.(4)

202.(3) 203.(2)
68
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
204. îH q+= ÔÒ# Ja=$ki z#k.

( )
1. " <
2. *.W.g_
3. ~Q~ #~
4. *.~a<<
205. Ja=$k ^ "#H|_ L#\H Hx Q Ja=$k KOk LO_#. Wk D ~H" # iu x
$+O K#.
( )
1. Z= =$k
2. Ô^`=
3. P^=#`
4. " g H=
206. ~`^ *fÔ "~OQO "\ ^xHO> Z=.
( )
1. 20%
2. 30%
3. 40%
4. 50%
207. Ja=$k KO^`# ^# D qÔ Q _ ==K#.
( )
1. "^\ O K ^
2. ~ O_= O K^
3. =_= O K ^
4 .<= O K^
208. = < =$k #=< ^xH O|OkOz#k.
( )
2. USSR
3. INDIA
4. CHINA
1. USA
209. 'Choice of Techniques' H ~K~ ` Z=~?
( )
1. Z.H.<
2. *.W.g_
3. ~Q~ #~
4. *.~a<<
210. q` Ô^`= Ô`=# Ja=$k K# k Z=~?
( )
1. ZO.~~
2. K.qO\
3. Z..OM<
4.
211. ''=lH LO` L`^H` ÔÒ# ukOz#"~.
( )
1. P~.
2. ~_
3. *.W.g_
4. Z.Z".M<
212. Jiq` qH
ÔÒ# Ja=$k K# "~.
( )
1.Z.ZO.M<
2. *.W.g_
3. Z.q
4. P~.
213. ~
Q =` O~ L^y` =## Ja=$ki z#"~.
( )
1. Je< \<<
2. Q~
3. *.~a<<
4. *.H .Q`
214. ''~ QO J< =## *.~a< Ja+Oz# =$k~ @ ` = LO_@
2. "= =$k~ @ HO> Ja+Oz# =$k~ @ Z=Q LO_@
3. "= =$k ~ @, Ja+Oz# =$k~ @ =#OQ LO_@
4. 1 =i 2
204.(3)
212.(3)
z~Orq
205.(2) 206.(4)
213.(3) 214.(3)
207.(3) 208.(2) 209.(1) 210.(2) 211.(4)

215.(3)
69
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
216. K # x~^y` `~K U ~OQO Hx O k.

( )
1. s i=
2. ==~OQO
3. OHOQ ~OQO
4. qxQ == ~OQO
217. K # x~^y` U ~ =^ Oq OK_O ^ ==Òk.
( )
1. "sH~}
2. ZQ=` ~
3. r=<^~~
4. "}[ O@ Z=Q O_OK_O
218. = PiH == =Y` +OKk.
( )
1. ==O
2. i=
3. @}
4. " g H=
219. iqH q= O J##k ^xx `#.
( )
1. ~[H q= O
2. PiH q= O
3. =lH q= O
4. O $uH q= O
220. iqH q= O ZH_ ~O" # k.
( )
1. <
2. a@<
3. [~h
4. J"iH
221. _| ._| .~" H~O Ja=$k ^q H ^ Uk?
( )
1. O^ =[O
2. O^ =[O =O^ ^
3. = # ^
4. =H qxQO
222. _| ._| .~" H~O nx Uk |kb ^.
( )
1. O^ =[O 2. = #^ =O^^ 3. = # ^ 4. " g H=
223. ''P^ xH PiH =$kx ukOz#"~.
( )
1. = < *<\
2. iK~ <
3. _| .eO\
4. "s Je
224. U PiH" ` JaO H~O '' ["# P@OH =# [< =$k J<k `Q # .
( )
1. Z.`
2. *..q
3. _.iH~
4. =
225. Q<~ q~ U Ja=$ki z# JO ^$+x H OnHiOK~.
( )
1. Of J=#` 2. =^# O H~` 3. [< ^_ 4. =#= =#~ H~`
226. ''aQ + =O J##k ^x P^~_ # =#.
( )
1. L`^H`
2. H"+ =O
3. |~` P^
4. JO`~` PiH ==
227. K # x~^y` nx H H}
O.
( )
1. Ja=$k KOk# ^
2. "#H|_# ^
3. P~ ZQ=u ^
4. " g H=
216.(2)
224.(4)
z~Orq
217.(3) 218.(1)
225.(1) 226.(3)
219.(2) 220.(2) 221.(1) 222.(2) 223.(1)

227.(2)
70
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
228. HOk"i K # x~^y` =## Z=Q L yOz#k.

1. = < *<\
2. *.H .Q`
3. ~Q~ #~
229. K # x~^y` è* #k.
1. qx H LO` L`^H` #O
2. qx H LO` L`^H` ^< `HO
3. qx H LO` L`^H` |}`HO 4. 1 =i 3
230. = # ^ K~ H"O> Hh @|_ ~ @ ZO` J=~O .
1. 5 %
2. 7 %
3. 10%
231. J"iH H *fÔ JkH QO ^x #O_ O^Òk?
1. ==~OQO
2. iqH~O QO
3. "~OQO
232. ~` *fÔ U ~OQO #O_ Z=Q =O k?
1. ==~OQO
2. iqH~O QO
3. "~OQO
233. J"iH U ~OQO JkH q xK K<~.
1. ==~OQO
2. iqH~O QO
3. "~OQO
234. ~`^ O U ~OQO JkH= Ok q xK K<~.
1. ==~OQO
2. iqH~O QO
3. "~OQO
235. iqHH~ }
`~ "` U ~OQO Pk` O HxOK#?
1. ==~OQO
2. iqH~O QO
3. "~OQO
236. Hh @|_ Ò Ô`x è#"~=~?
1. Z.q
2. . ~ x
3. K.|<<
237. P_O|~ qxQO J# =## " \O k.
1. =~ "|~
2. \."<
3. Z.H.<
238. P_O|~ qxQO nxH îf#.
1. @|_ ~Q^ 2. qxQO `Q ^ 3. ^ `Q ^
239. ^~ < =O =# ^x ~Q^ Oq OK#?
1. qxQO
2. ^
3. @|_
240. HOk"x Uk =#= =^# O XH QO.
1. q^
2. tH}
O^ L^Q 3. P~Q ^
228.(3)
236.(3)
z~Orq
229.(4) 230.(3)
237.(2) 238.(3)
( )
4. "s Je
( )
( )
4. 20 %
( )
4. " g H^
( )
4. " g H^
( )
4. " g H^
( )
4. " g H^
( )
4. " g H^
( )
4. Z.H.<
( )
4. H .Z<.~*
( )
4. " g H^
( )
4. PÔ
( )
4. = h
231.(3) 232.(3) 233.(3) 234.(1) 235.(3)

239.(1) 240.(4)
71
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
241. q~ } =O = XH ` H OÒ PiHO Q Ja=$k KOk` ^x e Ò.

( )
1. W`~ O` Ja=$kH =Q =~#
2. W`~ O` Ja=$kH ^^_ #
3. Ô^`x $+O K#
4. " g H=
242. XH OÒ PiHO Q Ja=$k KOk#C_ ^x H"+ e ÒQ D qÔ Q LO@Ok.
( )
1. u XH~ [#O O^`~
2. Hx O` #+ `~
3. XHi Jx O` Ja=$k KO^`~
4. " g H=
243. ''J
O\ \ H ~K~ ` Z=~?
( )
1. *.ZO.H<
2. *.H .Q`
3. J< \~
4. = < *<\
244. ''J
O\ \ H H}
O Uk?
( )
1. "#H|_# ^ 2. =^ P^=~ ^ 3. JkH iqHH~ }
^ 4. " g H^
245. "#H|_# ^ Z^~< =?
( )
1. ==O`" #
2. ==O`" # _=O_ 3. 1 =i 2 4. 1 ^ 2
246. Ja=$k KOk# Ô Z^~< =?
( )
1. ==O`" #
2. ==O`" # _=O_ 3. 1 =i 2
4. 1 ^ 2
247. ''=_= O KO H QO^H ~ Z=~?
( )
1. *.H .Q`
2. Je< \~
3. *.W.g_
4. *.ZO.H<
248. HOk"x =$k =#~q (P^~q)?
( )
1. [=#~
2. =#= =^# O
3. uH =^# O
4. = h
249. c~ ~xH i_# O`Q Wq L<~.
( )
1. [ =#~
2. =#= =^# O
3. uH =^# O
4. = h
250. [ =#~He LO_q?
( )
1. Yx*
2. q+#s
3. < }OQ q 4. = h
251. Ja=$k KOk# Ô [ =#~ =Y`?
( )
1. ~QÒk
2. `Q ` Ok
3. =~ LO_^
4. " g H^
252. J"iH ~_ =$k ~ @ ~Q^ H~}O?
( )
1. [ =#~
2. uH =^# O
3. L`^H`
4. = h
241.(2)
249.(1)
z~Orq
242.(2) 243.(2)
250.(1) 251.(2)
244.(3) 245.(1) 246.(2) 247.(2) 248.(4)

252.(3)
72
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
253. `~ =^ ^ JkH PÔ O^`<~. H~}O?

1. =#= =^# O
2. P~ x
3. uH =^# O
4. L`^H` =$k
254. uH =^# O J#Q.
1. H$ u Wz# =~O
2. ^=_z# =~O
3. =#=_ ` ~K# x=@, iH~
4. " g H^
( )
( )
255. [ =#~ J#Q.

1. H$ u O^
( )
2. =#=_ $+O z#k
3. 1 =i 2
4. 1 ^ 2
256. =^# x He LO_q?

1. q+#s
( )
2. iqH O
3. =_^ ~ x
4. = h
257. =^# x `Q_ x D qÔ Q ~ ?

1. @|_
2. =^# OK #O
( )
3. `~ Q^
4. " g H^
258. @|_ `~ Q^ nxH =#O.

1. xH~ `~ Q^
2. xH~ @|_
( )
3. xH~ =^# x
4. xH~ =^# OK #O
k
k U JOO ~Q^ Oq
259. XH ^ =^# x ~QO>, HOk"x
OKe?
1. @|_
2. `~ Q^
yl yl
3. xH~ @|_
4. qxQ=
260. =^# Lù x+u ~Q^# è* #k?

2.
1.
3.
( )
4.
261. D HOk =#~ uH =^#

H P^~" k?
( )
1. ^ ~ @ ~Q^
2. q"# == ^z"` `yO K@
3. |_\ qQ
4. = h
262. =#= =^# O D PiH == =Y"# kQ H#_ K#k.

1. _e[O
2. H@e[O
3. +e[O
( )
( )
4. #`# PiH= =
263. "#H|_# ^ < }O Q q Ja=$k KOk# ^ xK @# D qÔ Q ~ ?

1. *#=
2. "^=
3. =^# =
4. " g H^ ( )
253.(2)
261.(4)
z~Orq
254.(3) 255.(1)
262.(4) 263.(2)
256.(4) 257.(3) 258.(2) 259.(3) 260.(3)

73
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
264. HO^ Wz# U =~ ^~ XH Ô =#= =^# x# OKHQ^.

( )
1. q^ =` HeOK@
2. P~Q=O`" # q^#O
3. L^Q tH}
x=_O
4. = h
265. =_~ =K ~Q^ ~ @ HO> Lù =K ~Q^ ~ @ Z=Q LO> ^xx D qÔ Q
~ .
( )
1. L`^H` `Q ^
2. L`^H` ~Q^
3. ~ L`^H`
4. " g H^
266. Lù/ =# D qÔ Q ~ ?
( )
1. qx LO` L`^H`
2. qx "Ò L`^H`
3. qx Q@
L`^H`
3. " g H^
267. L`^H` ~Q^ J##k ^x P^~_ #?
( )
1. = ~Q^
2. =^# O ~Q^
3. =_~ ~Q^
4. OHuH i*#O ~Q^
268. D HOk"x Uk "#H|_# ^ ~OQ LO@Ok?
( )
3. |}
4. " g H^
1. "~O
2. Aid ( O)
269. ''aQ+ ÔÒ# ukOz#"~.
( )
1. ~Q~ #~
2. ~|~
3. *.P~.H
4. ~*< < ~_<
270. ~*< < ~_< è# qq^ ~H Jq[` ^x He L<~?
( )
1. Lù O Jq[`
2. _=O_ Jq[`
3. ^
Jq[`
4. = h
271. Oè` =$k =O# =iOz#"~?
( )
1. HO_ |~~
2. P~~ q
3. OQ~
4. ~=<
272. JOè` =$k =O# =iOz#"~?
( )
1. ~Q~ #~
2. < <
3. OQ~
4. P~~ q
273. Oè` =$k =O è* #k.
( )
1. Ô^ =$k
2. qq^ ~OQ =~ Ja=$k (XHi)
3. s i= ^#`
4. " g H^
264.(4)
272.(3)
z~Orq
265.(2) 266.(3)
273.(2)
267.(4) 268.(1) 269.(4) 270.(4) 271.(2)
74
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
274. K ^~ (Shadow Price) =## "^@ ukOz#"~?

( )
1. *."~
2. WiOQ + ~
3. *.\< ~ ~
4. K."< <
275. q= PiH == He LO_k?
( )
1. " @
~OQO
2. `~OQO
3. 1 =i 2
4. 1 ^ 2
276. J"iH J##k.
( )
1. ="^ PiH ==
2. =^# PiH ==
3. q= PiH ==
4. " g H^
277. ~` PiH ==.
( )
1. ="^ PiH ==
2. =^# PiH ==
3. q= PiH ==
4. " g H^
278. ~` 4= OK=~ }oH Z=i #=<# J#iOK~.
( )
1. *.H .Q`
2. Q<~ q~
3. Z.Z.=< Z.~^ 4. ..=<a
279. x~O`~ }oH# zOz#"~.
( )
1. *.H .Q`
2. Q<~ q~
3. =<
4. Z.H.<
280. U < _= QO^H ~ Z=~?
( )
1. *.H .Q`
2. Q<~ q~
3. ~Q~ #~
4. Z.H.<
281. "^\ iQ s i= ^#`xK# }oH Uk?
( )
1. "^\ OK=~ }oH
2. ~ O_= OK=~ }oH
3. =_= OK=~ }oH
4. <Q= OK=~ }oH
282. 2= OK=~ }oH J#iOz# #=<.
( )
1. =<a #=<
2. ~_ _=~ #=<
3. O` #=<
4. ~|~ #=<
283. q^j O HO^ Z480x Z=i #O_ f<~?
( )
1. a@<
2. [<
3. ZZ
4. ~
284. O^ =$k ~ @ J# =# zOz#"~?
( )
1. q.H.P~.q.~"
2. ~*H$ +
3. [Qn Q = `
4. \.Z<.Nx"
285. ''O^ =$k ~ @ U =$k~ @ =^ ~ O Q LOk?
( )
1. 1%
2. 2.5%
3. 3.5%
4. 5%
274.(3)
282.(1)
z~Orq
275.(3) 276.(2)
283.(3) 284.(2)
277.(3) 278.(3) 279.(2) 280.(2) 281.(2)

285.(3)
75
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
286. PiHa=$k H~ +O@~ ^xH ^#` WK_.

( )
1. ~[H < 2. O =
3. =
4. #=H#
287. HOk "x iQ [`K
|_xk Uk?
( )
~K~ `
H=
1. = < *<\
U < _=
2. *.~a<<
Z W< k k s P ZH<qH Q`
3. H~ =~
^ H@
4. P~~ q
k s P ZH<qH Q`
288. =^# Lù x+u 3 : 1Q#, O=ìH [< =$k~ @ 2.5% Q#, @|_ ~Q ^ 10.5%
LO^x " O K ì PÔ ~Q^ ZO`Q LO_#?
( )
1. 0%
2. 1.0%
3. 3.0%
4. 7.0%
289. + ~ H~ ÔÒ H~O HOk"x i # H==.
( )
=#~ U ~OQO #O_ U ~OQO# `~e =_O =# x~O`~ Ja=$kH `__`~
= iqH~O QO
2. ==O iqH ~OQO =
1. ==O
=
==O 4. iqH~O QO ==O
=
3. iqH ~OQO
290. q~ } =O J#Q?
( )
PiHO Q XH ` H OÒ Ja=$k KO^@C_?

1. W`~ O` Ja=$k J# =O# K#
2. Ja=$k = W`~ O` #
3. Ja=$k = ^= O` qi OK#
4. " g H=
291. H"+ =O J#Q PiHO Q XH ` H OÒ Ja=$k KOk#C_?
( )
1. Jx O` "\H" Ja=$k KO^#
2. W`~ O` =YOQ "#H|_# O` #+ =#
3. U W`~ O` #+ =
4." g H^
292. x~^H K~ , uK~ =O= ^ ^x îH ~ LOK u x è =~# nxH
KOk#k?
( )
1. Ja=$k
2. `~# îHO
3. | `
4. îH q+=
286.(4)
z~Orq
287.(1) 288.(2)
289.(2) 290.(1) 291.(2) 292.(4)

76
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
293. Ja=$k ~O ^ P^ J=#` ~Q`x `~ "` ~ `Q ` ~ J< iH##

Ja=$k K# k Z=~?
( )
1) P~. Z. ~_
2) = < *<\
3) *.P~.H
4) \._| .
294. ^x P^~OQ ''uH r=# =} px `=K# ?
( )
1) P~ O, t =~} ~ @ =i JH~ ` Ò
2) Ke#O` ''P~O, =Ozh~, =u =i P~Q =# HeOK_O
3) i^ O, q^, OH = H=#O# HeOK_O
4) = h
295. e 1 (ÔÒ)x
e 2 (PiH" ` ~) ` [`K
O_.
( )
1) #= O^ "^ PiH= $k ÔÒ
Z) a <<
2) PiHa=$kH O|OkOz ''aQ + ÔÒ a) *.K.H
3) ''Hh @|_ `= ÔÒ
) ~=<
4) =lH Ô^Ò
_) ~*< < ~_<
W) g_ (Meade)
1) 1a, 2, 3_, 4W
2) 1W, 2_, 3Z, 4a
3) 1, 2W, 3a, 4Z
4) 1Z, 2, 3W, 4a
296. Ja=$k KOk# ^ J#= O èk U=O> Ja=$k H QOQ *fÔ ^q H
~OQO "\
( )
1) ~Q#
2) ~ O Q LO_#
3) `Q #
4) ~OO `y `~ "` ~Q#
297. Ja=$k J~ GO Ô^Ò J#Q
( )
1) Ô^ ^~ q^#=
2) P^ xH =i O^ ~OQ r=#O K @
3) ` =i " \ ~OQ ~Q^
4) iqH =i iqH`~ U*h ~Q^
298. =#Ô 50= ^H O =^ J=OaOz# =<a =O H H O, ^ #OQ ... ( )
1) ~H}
i= ^$_" # P^~O# xiOK_O
2) =^# O^`# L yOz s i=# <H_O
3) PiH == ^"}O ~Q^
4) HO x~^y`# `yO K_O
299. D HO^ Wz# "x U i= Z= =O^ J#|O^# Hey LOk ?
1) Q<
2) P~^ <
3) W#=L
4) q+#s
293.(2)
z~Orq
294.(1) 295.(2)
296.(3) 297.(2) 298.(2) 299.(3)

77
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
300. ~Q~ #~ H~O ~` JkH [< i=}O ^xx è* # ?

( )
1) JkH xH ^ =~ O (larger saving potential)
2) ^ =~ O# q_<__O
3) ` = ^ =~ O
4) Z=Q |~` =
^ x+u (S)H O|OkOz .... =^# Lù x+u
301. ~_ _=~ #=< =$k (G), Q@
(K)x, D gH~}
O ^~ èK =K.
( )
1)
2)
3)
4)
302. He< H~ H~O Ja=$k H 3= =i z=i ~ =Y H}

O Uk ?
1) iqH ~OQO
2) "~OQO
3) ==O
4) ZQ=`
303. #~ H~O "#H|_# ^ @|_ iqu ^xx è* # ?
1) =~\ i=}O
2) @|_ J=H H~`
3) ^ H~`
4) ` q^<
304. P^ xH PiH= $k H =Y"# H}
O Uk ?
1) Z= ~ x~}`H =~
2) @}
H ~ }
3) ì = L`^H` ~Q@
4) = h
305. *f PÔ H =$k ~ @ ^xH =#O ?
KK
K
S1
1) *f PÔ/[< =$k
Lù x+u
= G 2) @|_ x+u/=^#
S1
SSK
3) =^# Lù x+u/@|_ x+u
4) " g H^
306. =[O Q@
^ ~ @ 10%,
K
0
( )
( )
( )
( )
x+u 4 J~< PiH == H ^~} =$k ~ @ ZO` ?

( )
1) 0.5%
2) 1.5%
3) 2.5%
4) 4%
307. O=ìH PiH == =$k ~ @ 2.5% J~` ^| [< =$k~ @ 10% J~<, ì P^ =$k
~ @ ZO` ?
( )
1) 1.5%
2) 2.5%
3) 2.5%
4)4%
( )
308. L^= ^~Ò (Entrepreneurship) ^xH JÒ` ^Q~ Q LO@Ok ?
1) H#H=_O
2) #=H#
3) x~}
4) ` i#
309. Ja=$k KO^`# ^, Ja=$k KOk# ^` e K Z^~O@# x~^Q = ( )
1) Z= =i qa#"# k
2) ` =
3) =#OQ LO@Ok
4) Hx O^~ Z=Q#, =iHx O^~ ` =Q LO@Ok
300.(1)
308.(2)
z~Orq
301.(2) 302.(2)
309.(1)
303.(1) 304.(4) 305.(2) 306.(3) 307.(1)

78
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
310. Ja=$k KO^`# ^ ` HO "Q= O`" # [< =$kH H~}= ?

( )
1) Z= [#< ~ @
2) ` = =~} ~ @
3) JkH [#< ~ @ =i ` = =~} ~ @
4) Hx O^~ Z= [#< ~ @ =iHx O^~ ` = [#< ~ @
311. P~~ ~ ÔÒ Zx ~OQ L#_ PiHa=$k H # q=iOK# ?
( )
1) XH\
2) ~ O_
3) <Q
4) J<HO
312. Ja=$k KO^`# ^ îHO`@ H#|_ W`~ ^~} H}
Uq ?
( )
1) ==~OQO JkH Ò [< P^~_ _ O 2) OHuH Ô^Ò
3) qH =^# x+u ` =Q LO__O
4) = h
313. qH qQ ÔÒ " O ?
( )
1) ` = Ja=$k KOk# ^ Z= [< Hey LO__O
2) ` = Ja=$k KOk# ^ Lù qx H ` LO_^
3) ` = Ja=$k KOk# ^ qx LO` L`^H` #O
4) "#H|_ ^ x~^y` Z=Q LO@Ok
314. XH Ô H ^ H~`# U qÔ Q iOK=K ?
( )
1) J^# =^# Lù x+u `yO K_O ^~ 2) ^j qxQO `yO K_O
3) Z= q^j O O^_O
4) = h
315. Oè` =$k ÔÒ H~O "#H|_# ^ J Ja=$kH ^ # H~}O ?
( )
1) =~\ z# i=}O Hey LO_@
2) ^ H~`
3) ` = ~ OHuH`
4) q^j PkH `
316. Oè` =$k Ô`= ^ #OQ ^xx iQ}#H fx q=~ K |_Ok ?
( )
1) =~\ i=}O
2) |~` i=}O 3) =#~ H~`
4) JkH [<
317. Q<~ q~ H~O "#H|_# ^ Of J=`# ^ # H~}= ?
( )
1) |#"# "#H " =i |"# q~ }
"
2) ` = "#H =O =i q~ }
=O
3) |"# "#H =O =i q~ }
=O
4) |"# "#H " =i |#"# q~ }
"
318. Ja=$k KO^`# ^ PiHa=$kx |#"# H"+ e ` |"# q~ }
e ` OK@
^~ kOK=Kx ~#k Z=~ ?
( )
1) Z<.H~
2) *.~a<<
3) l.q~
4) *.K.H
310.(3)
z~Orq
311.(2) 312.(4)
313.(3) 314.(4) 315.(1) 316.(3) 317.(4)

79
318.(3)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
319. XH Ô H =$k ~ @# x~iOK#k ?

( )
1) Q@
^ =$u
2)
, _=O_ JO`~ K~
3) `<`H = ÔÒ
4) =^# H# ~ @
320. "#H|_# ^ q` Ô^Ò ^xx è* # ?
( )
1) "}[ O =i =_ "~ 2) +_ =i +_ Hx "}[ O
3) H ZHO* =i #`# =~\
4) " g H^
321. H H~O =lH Ô^Ò H}
Uk H LO_# ?
( )
1) JkH =i ` =
2) = =i @|_^~
3) kQ=u K H|_# =i ^j =lH^ `
4) Qg} =i @}
*<
322. Hh J=~ = HO_@, =xH Q == qxQO ~Q@ J< H}
~" ^
ÔÒ D ^ H#_ #.
( )
1) =H qxQO
2) iH ^ Q=#O
3) = # ^
4) = # ^ =O^ ^
323. Z) @|_ ~ \O J~ 10% JkQq OK@
a) =$kH J#"# O $uH i` U~_@
) Hx ~Qq ~OQ "QO Q =$k KO^@ J<q ~< ^ D ^ H#|_# ?
1) =H qxQO
2) iH ^ Q=#O
3) = # ^
4) = # ^ =O^ ^
324. ''=lH LO` L`^H` # ukOz#"~
( )
1) *.~a#<
2) P~.ZO.
3) Z.ZO.M<
4) ~*< ~_<
325. ~_ #=< ^x Qi =# ^
( )
1) "q H =$k ~ @
2) Hh @|_ =$k ~ @
3) "~O>_ =$k ~ @
4) [ =$k ~ @
326. }oH"` O=ìH =$k ~ @# 2% kOKx J##k. =^# Lù 5:1 J~` J=~" #
@|_ ~ @ ZO` ?
( )
1) 5
2) 2
3) 10
4) 3
327. *f Lù == ~OQ "\ J##k
( )
1) ì PÔ` |}`H O|OÔ # Hey LOk
2) ì PÔ` ^< `H O|OÔ # Hey LOk
3) *fù` ~ " # O|OÔ # Hey LOk
4) " g H=
319.(4)
z~Orq
320.(1) 321.(3)
322.(1) 323.(3) 324.(3) 325.(2) 326.(3)

80
327.(1)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
328.
"Indian Economic Planning in its Broader setting"
"~ ?
1) l.q~
3) ..=<a
[`~ K= :
329. e 1
1) ^~ < =O
2) Of J=#`
3) îH q+=
J< QOÔ x~O`~ }oH# ukOz#

( )
2) Z.H.<
4) *.~a<<
e 2
Z) P~.#~
a) *._< s
) Z<.qO\
_) l.q~
1) 1a, 2_, 3Z
2) 1Z, 2Z, 3_
3) 1Z, 2, 3a
4) 1, 2_, 3Z
330. H~= ~ è# =$k ^ # =~ H=O `=.
e 1
e 2
1) H=x[O
Z) * 1
2) H @e[O
a) * 2
3) x ^
) * 3
4) _e[O
_) * 4
1) 1a, 2, 3Z, 4_
2) 1Z, 2, 3a, 4a
3) 1_, 2, 3Z, 4a
4) 1, 2Z, 3_, 4a
331. _| . _| . ~" ÔÒ H~O D HOk ^ # =~ H=O J=~O_ ?
e 1
e 2
1) = # ^ =O^ ^
Z) * 1
2) =H qxQO
a) * 2
3) iH ^ Q=#O
) * 3
4) O^ =[O
_) * 4
1) 1, 2a, 3_, 4Z
2) 1a, 2_, 3, 4Z
3) 1Z, 2a, 3, 4Z
4) 1_, 2a, 3, 4Z
328.(1)
z~Orq
329.(1) 330.(3)
( )
( )
( )
331.(2)
81
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
332. = < *<\ ÔÒ H~O HOk Ja=$k ^ # =~ H=O J=~O_ ?

e 1
e 2
1) ==~OQO
Z) * 1
2) "~OQO
a) * 2
3) =#HiOQ
) * 3
_) * 4
1) 1, 2a, 3Z
2) 1a, 2a, 3
3) 1, 2Z, 3a
4) 1Z, 2, 3a
333. e 1
e 2
1) "^\ OK=~ }oH
Z) =<a
2) 2= OK=~ }oH
a) ~_ _=~
3) 4= OK=~ }oH
) =< =i ~^
1) 1_, 2Z, 3a
2) 1, 2a, 3_
3) 1a, 2Z, 3
4) 1a, 2a, 3
334. e 1
e 2
1) J"iH
Z) q= PiH ==
2) ~
a) =^# PiH ==
3) WO_
) ="^ PiH ==
1) 1a, 2Z, 3
2) 1, 2a, 3Z
3) 1a, 2, 3Z
4) 1Z, 2, 3a
332.(4)
z~Orq
( )
( )
( )
333.(3) 334.(3)
82
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Q}OHGO
PiH Q}OHGO
Q}OH GO @ J< \< Ô , \ H J< [~< Ô , \ J< W\e< Ô #Oz

=zOk. nxH '~[O Jx J~O .
Q@
(HO^# H`)

1)
^ÒO JO`\ H ux^ O =OK XH XH q=# Q@

JO^~. Q@
< H O^# H`
JO^~.
"Ò ^Òx XH q= =iOK@, ^Òx i@ Q@
=Y H O.
=Oz Q@ H} : O Q J~= "e. +O Q x~zOK|_e. Jx JO ux^ O =OKe.
O Q Q}# K @ gO_e. uK # ~ ` O LO_e. cr =# x|_e.
Q@
~H : 1) Q}` Q@
: Z) JOH=^ =O, a) Q}=^ =O, ) ~=^=O
2) # Q@
: Z) =^ QÒ , a) HO
JOH=^ =O :
~ "`x ~ OYK y JOH=^ =O =K#.
~ "Ò
---------------JOH=^ =O
+)1xX (
x2 X 2 N +'n0x5.1d1..Xf...1+Nx2
0=3=i = + xA
===2 ,1 X=
~
O
Y
5
N
N
N
N
2 N + 1N N
L^ : 10, 20, 30, 40, 50,
=HQ ` } JOH=^ =O
qz# }
`H û
AM =
^Q~ û
X = A+
# qK# û
dx
N
X = A+
Jqz# } JOH=^=O
fx
N
AM = A +
X=
fdx
N
fx
N
X = A+
fdx
N
dx '
i
N
L=_ JOH=^ =O :
A.M. H}
:
1)
J JOH=^ =O #O_ f# qK< "Ò # =#=Q#.
z~Orq
83
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
2)
3)
JOH=^ =O #O_ f# qK< =~ "Ò Hx+O Q LO_#.

} u q= ~ OY# He<, f" < JOH=^ =xH _ J^ ~ OY# He ^
f"e.
Q} :
PK~}
MuQOz# Q@
, Jx JO# P^~_ #. cr =# x|_Òk. L=_
JOH=^ =x Q}O K=K.
:
JO` q= =O Z=Q LO_#.

q=$` `~Q ` Q}O K= .

qs` J+= ^Ò= JOH=^ == =Oz H=#O H^.
i` JOH=^ =O :
Xw =
WX
W
2. =^ Q`= :

q[<x U q= ~ O_ =QQ ql O ^ J^ =^ Q`= .
N1 +
) QN
Q(

=HQ ` } =^ Q`x Q}O KO^fc ^2Ò212x
P~} ^ J=~} H=O "e.
+ 12L
1L 2L

=^ QÒ # Q@
. ^~}OQ ^`fO= Wk =^ LO_#.
L^ : 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 =^ QÒ 40
=HQ ` } =^ Q`x
^Ò= iOY LO> =^ QÒ q= ^Ò=x OY LO_^ .
Jqz# } =^ Q`x Q}O KO^
= JO= ^~ Q} =.
= JOO ^~ =^ Q` `~Q ` # QiOz,
=^ QÒ (Median) Q}O KO^

J< `x "_`~.
=^ Q`x, HO> Z=, HO> ` = J< Fl" =H~ Y ^~ _ K=K.
=^QÒ P^~_ #=< :

K` ~O
^Òx 4 =QQ ql OK#. JO> nx 3 K` ~O LO\~.
=^ QÒ JO\~.
z~Orq
84
<
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY

OKO (Qu) ^Òx 5 =QQ ql OK#. JO> 4 OKO LO\~.

JO (O) ^Òx 8 =QQ ql OK#. JO> 7 JO LO\~. O < =^ QÒ
JO\~.
Ô (D) "Ò ^Òx 10 =QQ K O k. J#Q 9 Ô LO\~. 5= Ô=
=^ QÒ J=Òk.
Ò= (P) "Ò ^Òx 100 =QQ K O k. J#Q ^Ò= 99 Ò LO\~.
P x =^ QÒ
JO\~.
4
50
[< :

q=$` `~Q ` _ Q}O K=K.

qs` JO = qÒ H^.
~ M zÒ ^~ _ Q}O K=K.

Q}`H ^ÒO _ L yOK=K.
:

cr =# xH~^. L^ : L=_ =^ Q`x Q}O K= .

Q}O K@_ P~} ^ J=~} H=O J=~e.
3. H= :

"_ J< O z Ô #O_ \O k. nxH + < Jx J~= .

0 f 1f
+ 1L = Z
1L 2L (
nxx "Z"` )z
~ . 2}f 0Uf q=
Ju `~K Q =O ^ J^ HO .
1f 2
L^ : 5, 8, 10, 8, 5, 8 8 H= .
^Ò= ~ O_ q= Qi+O Q #~=$Ò J~` ^x kHO JO\~.
qz# } U K~tH Z^~Q L# ##O J`kHO Q LO@O^ J^ H= . Jqz#
} Hx Q}O KO^

kHO =z#_ HO 3 (=^ QÒ ) 2 (JOH=^ =O)

Hx Q", ## | l J< ~ Mz` ^~ Q}O K=K.
Q} :
qs` JO =# =O H^. ~ M zÒ ^~ _ Q}O K=K.
:
cr =# xH~^. ^ÒO XH\ HO> Z= H= LO_=K.
z~Orq
85
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
JOH=^ == =^ Q`= H =^ O|O^= :

+= ^Ò= JOH=^ =O, =^ QÒ , H =#OQ LO_#.
J+= ^ÒO JOH=^ =O, =^ QÒ , HO =#OQ LO_=.
H~
~< g\ =^ O|O^x
Z = 3 Median 2 Mean
Q =H i K#.
4. Q}=^ == :
Q}=^=x, ~ O_ JO L#_ Square root ^~, =_ JO LO> Cube root ^~

Q} O.
~ O_ JO a, b Q q GM = ab
^Ò=x U XH K~t '# J~# GM# Q}O K_O J^ O.
log x
=HQ ` } Q}=^=# Ò GM = Anti log N
Q} :
`, x+` Q}# L Q_ #.
cr =# x|_#. L^ : L=_ Q}=^ =x Q}O K=K.
N
1 = MH
H+O . x
J~O K H#@, Q}O K@
} U q= ''0 J~< ^ U q= J~< |}`HO J~# GM Q}O K= .
5. ~=^== :
^Ò=x q= =`= JOH=^=xH Q =`=" ~=^==.
a, b
=HQ ` } ~=^ Q}#
2ab
J< ~ O_ ~ L#_ ~=^ =O a + b
Q} :
AM, GM
H=, ~ @ Q}O K@_ L Q_ #.
z~Orq
= Jx JO P^~_ #.
86
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
:
1.
2.
J~O K H=_O, Q}O K_O H+O . z# q= JkH ^#` WK#.

^< `H, |}`H q= ~ O_ L#C_ ^ 1 JO`HO > Z= q= ''0 L#_ Q}O K= .
Q@
=^ O|O^= :
1.
2.
3.
^Ò=x K~~ "~ , "~ Q L#_ AM, GM, HM q= _ "~ "~ Q LO_#.
Q LO_#.
JO> HM HO> GM Z=Q LO_#. GM HO> AM Z=Q LO_#.
^Ò=x K~x =#OQ LO> AM, GM, HM =#OQ LO_#.
q~ }
=<

q~ }
=<# ~ O_= } Q@
JO\~.
H O^# q=, ^Ò=x J q= L# `_ `< H=#" q~ }
=#=.
H O^# H` H qh`# sHO KO^ Wk L Q_ #.
q~ }
=< : Z) ",
a) Q.D, ) AD or MD, _) SD, W) ~O* =H~ Y
1. " :
^Ò=x Qi+, Hx+ q= ^ " ".

L^ : "~O ~A XH 0H9O=Mh0H6+1~ 0M
^5~ G2 ;SSDM ALqÔ Q L<~.
200, 210, 208, 160, 220, 250
S+L
"
" Q}Hx Q}O KO^
J< `x L y~ .
Q} :
Jx q~ }
=< O Q J~= k, Q}O KO^, ` = =O >k ".
:

q=$` `~Q ` Q}O K= . O} "x `^ .

Jx JO# fH^. JO` q= =O Z=.
L Q :
+~ ^~ =~, "`=~}O JOK<, == Q}<}`# `<O^ L Q_ #.
2. K` ~O qK#= :
} kQ= 25 JO ZQ= 25 JO =ke =^ L# 50 JO P^~OQ Q}O K^

K` ~O qK#=.
z~Orq
87
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY

^= , `$f K` ~O =^ `_# K` ~O " ^ Inter - Quartile Range JO\~.

Inter Quartile Range x Q
Qx Semi - Iner Quartile Range Jx JO\~. nx< x Q<
K` ~O qK#O Jx ~ ># .
ZQ= K` ~OO kQ= K` ~OO
K` ~O qK#=
2
K` ~O qK# Q}Hx
J< Ò` Q} ~ .
Q} :

q=$` `~Q ` _ nxx Q}O K=K.

Z= "+ = O L# q[#O _ Q q~ }
# H=Q^.
qs` JO =# qÒ H^.
D
:

"^\ 25 JO z=i 25 JO qiOK|_`<~.

q~ }
# U Q@
# fx Q}O K^ .
cr =# x|_^ .
3. =^ = qK#= :
Q
| xd |3Q
Q
+
Q
N
2
1
3
1
H O^# q= #Oz qq^ JO# f# qK< JOH=^ =" =^ = qK#=. n<

Q@
qK#O JO\~. (AD)
, HO ^x#O_< Q}O K=K.
MD x JOH=^ =O, =^ QÒ
MD Q}# qK< f#_ cr Q~
qi~ .
=HQ ` } MD Q}# `=
=^= qK#O
=^ = qK# Q}H= ------------------------------JOH=^ =O ^ =^ QÒ ^ HO
Q} :

O Q J~O K H=K. Q}O K=K. U Q@

#O_< Q}O K=K.
O} "x è* #.
:
Q~ qiOK#. H|\ cr =# xH~^.
z~Orq
88
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
=lH "~ J^ < nxx J~^Q L y~

4. =}H qK#= ^ H= qK#= (SD)
1893 H~

~< nxx " ># .
q~
}
=< Z=Q L yOKk. =Oz q~ }
O_=# H}
Hey L#k SD .
JOH=^ =O #O_ f# qK< =~ JOH=^=O =~=
x =}H qK#O JO\~.
` z~ .
nxx
nxx root mean-square deviation Jx_ JO\~.
^ÒO H =}H qK#O Z=Q LO> ^Ò= qK~}
Z=Q L#@.
J JOH=^ =O #Oz =}H qK<x Q}

TOz# JOH=^ =O #O_ SD x Q}
dx 2 dx
N
N
JOH=^=O = ~ O_ ^ JO`HO > Z= Q L=_ =}H qK<x Q}O K=K.

N [
OY =}H qK<x Q}
2 72.86 srevo
2 c 1 "
%
xd
d1 X"
2
)
1
n
(
=
r
o
(
JOH=^ =O #O_ fN# qK<N2=~
1 "Ò Hx+O Q LO_#.
SD is Independent of change of origin but not of scale
=# =H~ Y " x x~zOK@ SD x L y~ .

X 2 covers 95.45%
X 3 covers 99.73%
=}H qK#O
JOH=^=O
=}H qK# Q}H=
qK~}
Q}H= (C.V.)
qK~}
Q}H= Z=Q LO> ~ ` O ` =Q L#@. qK~}
xH, ~ ` xH q= O|OÔ
LO_#.
MD c[Q}`
Q~ qiOK|_#. Hh SD fH|_#.
z~Orq
=}H qK#O
100
JOH=^=O
89
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
SD x JOH=^=O
MD x
U Q@
#O_< Q}O K=K.
^~ =`" Q}O KQ O.
Q} :
qK~}
# Q}O K_xH "# H=#O. L=_ =}H qK<x Q}O K=K.
"+ = = O|O^= ,uQ=#=, uK #= O\ Q}OH =# L y~ .
:
Q}O K@ H+O qs` JO Z= ^#` W=|_#.
q~} =< =^ O|O^=:
SD HO> MD ` =Q LO_#. MD HO> QD ` =Q LO_#. QD < MD <
SD QD 2/3

=O` LO_#. (0.6745)
SD MD 4/5
=O` LO_#.
4
MD =
5
5. ~O* =H~Y

P^ J=#` Q}O KO^ ~O* =H~ Y# L y~ .

nxx Oz` ` =H~ Y (Cumulative Percentage Curve) JO\~.
" + = =:

Z X2
== PDKQS
+= ^Ò= JOH=^=O, =^
3QÒ , HO =#OQ LO_#. nxx ~ MzÒ K
QO\H~ ##~Y =K#. nx< =# ^ P^~ =H~ Y JO\~.

nx K` ~O =^Q`xH =# ^~O LO\~.
=^ QÒ Q1 Q3 =^ QÒ
J+= q[#O JOH=^ =O, =^QÒ , HO =#OQ LO_=. nxx ~ MzÒ K
U^ XH z=~ `H L#@ Hx O k.
J+= q[#O ^< `HOQ Qx, |}`HOQ Qx LO_=K.
Z) JOH=^ =O > =^QÒ > HO ^< `H (^) _" "+ = O
|}`H (^) Z_=" "+ = O
a) JOH=^ =O < =^QÒ < HO
"+ = Q}Hx Q}O KO^ H~

~< L yOK Ò
HO x~K#O iQ #_ SKP =
z~Orq
3(x Med)
90
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
"+ = Q}HO
H b "+ = Q}HO

ECONOMY
Q + Q1 2Q2
SK B = 3
Q3 Q1
Z) ^Ò P^~OQ
P 2P + P
90
50 10
P P
90 10
a)Ô P^~OQ
D 2+ D
9
1
D D
9
1
H ^ ` O
=# =H~ Y tY~O Z=Q H#^KO> ^xx Lepto Kurtic JO\~.
=# =H~ Y tY~O Z= K^ #Q LO> ^xx Platy Kurtic JO\~.
=# =H~ Y tY~O ^~}OQ LO> ^xx Meso Kurtic JO\~.
2 q= 3 HO> Z=Q LO> Jk Lepto Kurtic Jh,
q= 3 HO> ` =Q LO> ^xx Platy Kurtic Jx JO\~.
=# =H~ Y
q= 3 LO_#.
p OY

Hs J< W@b ^ _ 1500 #Oz 1750 =~ ^~ x ~Q^# HeKO^ uOK#.
1P
= 120P# H=_xH L
p OY# "^@ ^= q=xP =~
yOK#.
0
1838 'p ^~ J< ^x ~~ L yOK#.
r"< pOY J< ^= # L yOK#.
p OY# PiH ~q` (Economic Barometers) JO^~.
XH == # xs` HO ^~ , P^~ HO Q ^~ Q x+ux H ^~ ^ ^~ p
JO^~.

z~Orq
p OY x~}O L yOK Q@
Q}=^=O L`= "# Q@
.
p OY x~}O L yOK P^~ O=`~O ^~} O=`~" LO_e.
P^~ O=`~ x~
O ~ P^~ û Qx, Q P^~ û Qx fO\~.
p OY x~}O J=OaOK ^` ~ O_.
Z) ~~ ` p,
a) i` p
91
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
~
~`, =# q+ û p
~ ` `
=# HH Q@
p
P01 =
P1
100
P0
1 100
P
P01 = 0
N
i` q+ p
Z) ~ p: P^~ O=`~ = i=}x (Q0) iÒQ fH<#.
P Q
P = 1 0 100
01 P Q
0 0
D p over estimate K , upward bias H îf#.

a) j p ::=~= # O=`~ = i=}x (Q1) iÒQ fH<#.
P Q
P = 1 1 100
01 P Q
0 1
Wk Under estimate K downward bias H îf#.

) _i+ û : P^~, =~= # ( ` ) O=`~ i=}# iÒQ fH<#.
~, j =# JOH=^=" gi Ò
L+P
P =
01
2
PQ PQ
1 0+ 1 1
P Q P Q
0 1 100
= 0 0
2
_) +~ P^~p : + ~ p P^~ pQ =|_#.

D p, p OY x~}O L`= "# GM ^~ Q}O K|_#.

Wk ` , =i P^~ O=`~ i=}O# fHO@Ok.

Wk Hi=~# , H~H i=~# sH # O`$ ~ K#.
z~Orq
92
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
It is Free from bias

P Q
1 0 P1Q1 100
P = L P =
01
P Q
P Q
0 0
0 1
+ ~ p ~, j Q}=^=O
W) =~ Z_=~ p: Wk_ ` , P^~ O=`~ i=}# iÒQ fOk.
(
(
)
)
Q +Q P
0
1 1 100
P =
01 Q + Q P
0
1 0
Z) Hb p : nxx Fixed weight Aggregative Index Method JO^~.

P01 =
nx Q =
PQ
1
100
P0Q
Q0 + Q1
(nx ~ Hx H KOk#q. YzÒQ P^~, =~= # O=`~ H"x ^ .)
2
i` HH Q@ p :
P01 =
PV
V
^~ HH
Q1P1 =
P PPWeights (P0Q0)
V=Value
= 1001Q 11100P
0Q0P
0P
1
H i =~ # s H :

P^~ O=`~x ` O=`~x `~=~ K p OY #O> Jq XH^xHH\
=`=Q LO_e.
H~H i=~# sH : ^~ p, i=} p |O q=pH =#OQ LO_e.
+ ~ P^~ p Hi=~# , H~H i=~# sH# O`$ ~ K#.

~ ~ > x O`$ i K p
Z) =# q+ û .
a) Fixed weight Aggregative method (Hb û )
z~Orq
93
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Circular Test = P01 P12 P20 = 1
x\ ># O`$ ~ K x p =# q+ û (i=}) =`" . qye# Jx ` nxx

O`$ ~ K#.
qxQ^~ ^~ p (S) : H =~~ r=# = p ^ i> ^~ p. Wq XH ` H
`~Q u /=~O H = = H#Q H x =~# `#.

qxQ ^~ p 2 q^Q Q}O K=K.
Z) q+ = û /i` q+ û
a) @O| |_\ û /i` H û
CPI =
PV
V
O |O^ O

~ O_ ^ JO`HO > Z= K~ =^ O|O^x è^ O|OÔ .

L^: H+ _ K^= _xH, q[^# O|OÔ LOk.
O|OÔ J<k K~ =^ O|O^ ~x `#. JO`Hx H~}Oe ` O|O^x
`^ .
~ O_ K~ XH kQ =i` (L^: ~O iy` O@ kQ|_ ~Q#) Jk ^< `H
QP
O|OÔ
001 0 1 = IPC
:^~
~ O_ K~ =u~H k x0Q 0P(L^
iQ Hn _=O_ `Q # .) ^xx ~}`H
O|OÔ JO^~.
~ O_ K~ =^ O|O^x ije Jk =# O|OÔ .
~ O_ HO> Z= K~ =^ O|O^x èk | O|OÔ .
~ O_HO> Z= K~# QiOz#\H, qye# K~ ~ = x " =K, ~ O_ K~
=^ O|O^x ije ^xx HH O|OÔ JO^~.
~ O_ K~ =^ =~ us ~ x+u LO> Jk ~ ~ Y O|OÔ .
~ O_ K~ =^ =~ us ~ x+u x _ Jk =H ~ v O|OÔ .
O|O^x Q}O K ^` :Z) "#@O a) O|O^ ~ M zÒ ) H~
~<
O|O^ Q}HO _) ~=< H\ O|O^ Q}HO W) ~ qK# û
"# @O aO^= H=O T~ kQ J#Q Z_= #Oz _" H ` Jk ^< `H
O|OÔ .
"# @O aO^= H=O J^ kQ J#Q Z_= #O_ _H ky` Jk ~}`H O|OÔ .
"# @O aO^= ZO\ aO^ H=x KH ` O|OÔ #@.
O|O^ ~ MzÒ QiOK|_ ~ Y XH k =O`~O Q x K< =^ ^< `H
O|OÔ LO^x, =u~H k x |}`H O|OÔ LO^x J~O .
z~Orq
94
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
O|O^x OM~O èO^ Z=Q "_H L# û H~

~< O|O^
Q}HO

O|O^ Q}HO Z_ 1 J< ~ O_ J=^ =^ LO@Ok.

~ O_ KOH =^
O~ ^# O|OÔ L#_ O|O^ Q}HO q= {1
O~ |} O|OÔ L#_ O|O^ Q}HO q= 1
O|O^ Q}HO < J~` KOH =^ O|OÔ #@
H~
~< Q}# JOH=^=x, =}H qK<x L yOK@= Wk O`$H ~ " # Q}#
O|O^ Q}HO , =O =~ qÒ H^.
Q}`H JO (JO^KO ^, hux*~f, ^#^~ , èq`@) q+ O O|O^x
x~~ OKO^ 1904 ~=< H\ O|O^ Q}H û x H#H<_.
qK<# JOH=^=O #Oz HH, ^ÒOx =O^ JOO #Oz QiOz, "x =^ O|O^x
èk ~ qK# û
O|O^ x~~} r2
6yCd2xd = r
ND
1 = C
R
2
)1 NNy(Nx N
2
z~Orq
95
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Q 3Q xdS
L
= D.Q
=
2
S+L
N
q~}=< :
1. " L S
" Q}HO
2.
Q.D
Q}HO
Q.D =
3. =^= qK#O
Q3 Q1
Q3 + Q1
, qz#, Jqz# } =
=^qH qK#O
=^qH qK# Q}HO
Q@
4. =}H qK#O
z~Orq
96
f dx
N
MD
x m ed Z
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
J JOH=^=O #Oz
TOz# JOH=^=O #Oz
(x x )
dx 2 dx
N
N
dx 2
N
qz#, Jqz# } # qK# û

qK~}
Q}HO ( CV ) =
100
N1 12 + N 2 22 + N1d12 + N 2 d 22
N1 + N 2
L=_ =}H qK#O 1,2 =
H~
~< "+ = Q}HO SK P =
"+ = Q}HO
SK B =
X Z
3 ( X Median )
Q3 + Q1 2Q2
Q3 Q1
p OY :
2
Z) ~~ `
' xdf ' xdf

C
=#= q+
p
N Z) N
2
P01 =
P1
100
P0
a) =# H H Q@
p
a) i` p
Z) ~
a) j
) _i+
z~Orq
P01 =
P01 =
1 100
P
P01 = 0
N
PQ
1 0
100
P0Q0
PQ
1 1
100
P0Q1
PQ
PQ
1 0
+ 1 1
PQ
PQ
L+P
0 0
0 1
P01 =
100
formulae
2
2
97
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
PQ
PQ
1 0
1 1
_) + ~ P^~ p P01 = L P = P Q P Q 100
0 0
0 1
W) =~ Z_= ~ p
Z) H b p
P01 =
P01 =
P1 ( Q0 + Q1 )
P0 ( Q 0 +Q1 )
100
PQ
1
100
P0Q
qxQ^~ ^~ p :
Z) q+ = û
PQ
1 0
100
P0Q0
a) @O| |_\ û
sH :
PV
V
Hi=~# sH
P01x P10=1
H~H i=~# sH P01x Q01
d 6 1QW1PI
-1 = r
QW
P)101-x2 PN12( xNP020

=1
0P
2
~ ~ >
dx dy
O|OÔ : H~
~< O|O^ Q}HO r = N. .
x
y
~=< H\ O|O^ Q}HO
Co-efficient of Determination = r2
r2 =
Explained variance
Total variance
Co-efficient of Non-Determination = K2 = 1 - r2
z~Orq
98
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
KEY POINTS
=^QÒ , HO J<q
# Q@

JOH=^==, Q}=^==, ~=^== J<q
Q}` Q@

JOH=^=O #O_ f# qK< "Ò
''0
=^Q`x ~ M zÒ ^~ KOK q^#O
Fl" =H~ Y
|Hx ~ M zÒ KOK q^#O
Q" =i
# # | l
Q2, O4, D5, P50
^ÒO Z=~ #~=$`" # q=
H=
} =^ L# q=
=^QÒ
~ "`x ~ OYK y =K q=
JOH=^=O
} U XH q= ''0 J~< Q}O K g Hxk Uk?
Q} =^==
^Ò=x q= =` = JOH=^=xH Q =` ="
~=^==
^Ò=x Jx K~# P^~_ q
=~~,
=^QÒ
cr =#x|_ Q@

Q}` Q@

qs` JO = qÒ Hx Q@

#Q@

q=$` J=^ _ Q}O KO^ L Q_ k

Q}`H ^Òx `H=_xH L Q_ Q@

=^Q`=
~ MzÒ ^~ _ Q}O KO^ g# Q@

#Q@

J`kH, J` q= `_
"
J~K ` ~OH "H =~H ~
K` ~OH qK#=
cr =# x|_x q~ }
=<
", Q.D & M.D
~ O_= } Q@
Q =|_ =<
q~}=<
z~Orq
99
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
H O^ # q= #Oz f# qK< JOH=^="
=}H qK<x " \# k
H~ ~<
''JOH=^=O #Oz f# qK<, =~ JOH=^=O
M.D (=^= qK#=)
=~="
=}H qK#=
JOH=^=O =^QÒ HO
+= ^ÒO
JOH=^=O > =^QÒ > HO
^< `H "+ = O
JOH=^=O < =^QÒ < HO
|}`H "+ = O
P^ J=#`# è ~ Y
~O* =H~ Y
P^~ O=`~O = i=}x iO`Q fx px Q}O z#k
=~= # O=`~ i=}x iÒQ fx px Q}O z#k
~, j Q}=^=O P^~OQ px ~OkOz#k
+ ~
Hi=~# , H~H i=~# sH # O`$ i z# P^~ p
+ ~ P^~ p
=_ ^ JO`HO > Z= K~ =^ O|O^x zOKk
| O|OÔ
~ O_ K~ =^ O|O^x zOKk
=# O|OÔ
=_ K~ HO> Z= QiOz#\H qye# "\x ~ O Q

L<x qOz ~ O_ K~ =^ O|O^x ijeOKk
HH O|O^=
H~
~< O|O^ Q}H=
Q}`H ~ =^ O|O^x èk
~=< H\
O|OÔ
165 ^
O^#.
200405NSSO "~ K iOz# x"kH ~`^ O =~ 20% [ ~A XHH~ 14

~ HO> ` =Q =OK < ~.
Qg} O` # .

100
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
a\ OH (One word questions)

1. Q}OH x U ~` ~ ?
[. ~A G= ^ ~*OQ G=
2.
[.
3.
[.
4.
[.
5.
[.
6.
[.
7.
[.
8.
[.
9.
[.
10.
[.
z~Orq
Q}OHG `=_?
P~.Z.+ ~
Q}OHGO U ^ #O_ Pq~q Oz#k?
\< +x @ (Status)
[~h +x @H (Statistica)
W\e< +x @ (Statusta)
D ^ J~= ~[= (State)
''^ [ u Q` O|OkOz# =sH$ ` =K~x JOH#, \ H # Oîz K^
Q}OHG=.
"~ (Webster)
''Q}OH x Q@
GOQ =iOz#k?
''Q}OHGO JO> OY, ^Ò H~}

, =~}, q+ }
, q=~} Jx x~zOz#k?
HH@< =i H_<
Z= OY L# ^Òx kOz "Ò ^ÒO JO`\ H ux^ O =OK XH XH q=#
D qÔ Q ~ ?
Q@
Q@
=~H~?
H O^# H`
=Oz Q@
H}

Z. +O Q x~zOK|_e a. "Ò ^ÒxH ux^ O =OKe . O Q J~O H"e
_. O Q Q}#K _xH gO_e W. uK # =~ ` =Q qÒ H"e.
Q@
Zx ~H?
1. #Q@
2. Q}` Q@
.
101
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
11.
[.
12.
[.
13.
[.
Q}` Q@
Uq?
JOH=^ == (A.M ^ Mean);
~=^== (H.M);
# Q@
Uq?
1. =^Q`= , 2. H=
Q@
Mu QOz# Q@
Uq?
1. JOH=^==, 2. =^QÒ , 3. HO
Q}=^==(GM)
JOH=^==
14.
[.
15.
[.
16.
[.
17.
[.
18.
[.
JOH=^== (AM) # =~H~?

Q@
^ =^== (Mean)
} JO "`x JO OY` y =K q= Uk?
JOH=^==
JOH=^== Zx ~H?
2. Z. =# JOH=^==, a. i` JOH=^==
Z=Q L yOK|_k, "Ò ^ÒxH ux^ O =OK Q@
Uk?
JOH=^==.
=HQ ` } JOH=^=x54xUd 0q^
1Q+X0Q1} ~ ?
f
2x+
5O
51= = + A==NX
N3
JO "`x JO OYK3 NyOKe.
~ "Ò
X = AM =
~ OY
19. 10, 15, 20 JOH=^== ZO`?
[.
20. ##= W=|_x }x U=x ~ ?
[. =HQ` }
21. =HQ ` } ^Q~ û JOH=^=x Q}O KO^ L yOK Ò?
[.
TOz# JOH=^=, dx qK< "Ò , N JO OY
22. qz# } K~t`@ ##O _ LO@Ok. nx JOH=^ Q}# L yOK Ò
A
[. Z. `H û
z~Orq
102
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
a. ^Q~ û
X =A+
fdx
N
23. Jqz# } # qK# û JOH=^=x Q}O KO^ Ò?

[.
X =A+
fdx '
i
N
i=
`~Q u JO`~=
24. "^\ `~Q u kQ= J=k, z=i `~Q u ZQ= J=k x ^Òx U=O^~?
[. q=$` ^Ò=
25. L=_ JOH=^ Q}#L yOK Ò?
[.
N X1 + N2 X2
X = 1
1,2
N1 + N2
26. i` JOH=^ Q}# L yOK Ò

[.
WX
X =
w W
WX
q=# "\ ~=` Q}OKQ =z# OH#=
27.
[.
28.
[.
29.
[.
30.
[.
31.
[.
32.
[.
33.
[.
z~Orq
~ "Ò
JOH=^=O #O_ f# qK< "Ò ...................H =#O JQ#.
# ''0
XH } u q= XH ~ OY#He# JOH=^== =#OQ LO_O> ...
J^ ~ OY# ~ JOH=^=xHH e.
i` =#OQ LO> =# JOH=^==, i` JOH=^== =^ O|OÔ U qÔ Q
LO@Ok?
=# JOH=^== i` JOH=^==
J`kH q= Q JO JkH ~=, J` q= Q JO ` = ~O Wz#_
=#, i` JOH=^= =^ O|OÔ U qÔ Q LO@Ok?
=# JOH=^==, i` JOH=^==HO> ` =Q LO_#.
cr =# x|_k, } f JOO P^~_ k O Q Q}O KQe Q k, J~# Q@
?
JOH=^==
p OYx~}O U JOH=^=x L yO?
i` JOH=^==
q=$` ^ÒO Q}O K_xH gx Q@
?
JOH=^== (Jx Q}` Q@
)
103
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
34. ^ÒO Wz# JO =Mx |\ ~# Wz Q}O K JOH=^=O ~ q\?

[. i` JOH=^==
=^Q`= :
35. } x =^ q=# è Q@
Uk?
[. =^ Q`=
36. ''q[ <x U q= ~ O_ =QQ qyO ^ ^x< =^QÒ JO\~ Jx =^Q`x
x~zOz#k?
[. HH@< H_<
37. U Q@
Q}# ^Òx, P~} ^ J=~} H=O J=~e?
[. =^QÒ
38. =HQ ` } =^Q` Q}# L yOK Ò
[.
N +1
2
= JO=
JO= OY
39. } Q q= <x |\x ~~ OK|_ Q@

# U=O\~?
[. # Q@
(=^QÒ # NQ> )
fc 2
em (
1L Q
2L
40. JqK# } =^
`x Qf}O +K1OL^=)dL
yOK Ò?
[. =^QÒ
41.
[.
42.
[.
43.
[.
44.
[.
45.
[.
z~Orq
=^QÒ P^~_ # W`~ #=< Uq?

K` ~O, OKO, JO, Ô, Ò
K` ~Ox 4 =# QQ ql OK ^xx U=O\~?
K` ~O ( 3 K` ~O LO\~)
Q , Q , Q q~
}
Q kQ= K` ~O=, Q =^Q`=

, Q ZQ= K` ~O=
^Òx 5 =QQ ql OK #=#O Uk?
OKO. (nx 4 OK JO LO\~. Qu , Qu , Qu , Qu )
^Òx 8 =# QQ ql OK #=#O Uk?
JO= (nx 7 JO LO\~. O , O , O , O , O , O , O )
1
104
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
46.
[.
47.
[.
48.
[.
49.
[.
50.
[.
51.
[.
52.
[.
53.
[.
54.
[.
55.
[.
56.
[.
57.
[.
J#Q?
"^\ K` ~O=
O J#Q?
=^QÒ
O J#Q?
3= K` ~O=
^Òx 10 =# QQ ql OK #=#O Uk?
Ô=. (nx 9 Ô LO\~. D , D .... D )
5= Ôx U=O\~?
=^QÒ
^Òx 100 =# QQ ql OK #=#O Uk?
Ò (99 Ò LO\~. P , P , P , ....P )
P #U=O^~?
=^QÒ
P #U=O^~?
kQ= K` ~O=
P # U=O\~?
ZQ= K` ~O=
Oz` ## =H ~ Y# (Fl" ~ Y) U Q@
# Q}O KO^ L y~ ?
=^QÒ
q=$`, J=^ # `~Q ` Wz#\H Q}O KO^ g# Q@
?
=^QÒ
qs` JOK q`=Hx, Q}`H ^Òx _ Q}O KO^ g# Q@
?
=^QÒ
O2
99
50
25
75
H= (MODE) :
58. H= U Ô #O_ L^q Oz#k?
[. "_ J< O z Ô (nx J~O + < )
59. ''} L# JO U q= Ju `~K Q =O ^ P q=< H= JO\~ Jx Hx
x~zOz#k?
[. l[H
z~Orq
105
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
60.
[.
61.
[.
62.
[.
63.
^Ò= U q= Z=~ #~=$Ò JQ< P q=...

H=
450, 300, 450, 200, 450, 100 HO ?
450 (Wk 3 ~ #~=$Ò J~Ok)
qz# ## q[#O Hx Z Q} ~ ?
U K~tH Z^~Q J`kH" # ##O LO@O^ P K~ HO .
Jqz# } Hx Q}O KO^ L yOK Ò?
[. HO (Z) =
64.
[.
65.
[.
66.
[.
kHO L#_ HO Q}# L yOK Ò?

Z = 3 =^QÒ
2 JOH=^=O
Hx U~MzÒ ^~ Q} ~ ?
(Z) # z`= (Q"), (a) ## | l
=^QÒ , HO Q}# H#|_
(Z) Wq ^ÒOx Jx JO P^~_ =
(a) D ~ O_ cr) L
= # 0fxxg1Hof~l =+goLl
1 2 L(
1
f f N1f2
67. =^QÒ , HO H#_2 0Q}?
[. Z. qs` JO =# qÒ H=
a. ~ O_O\x ~ MzÒ ^~ KOK=K.
Q}=^== :
68. A, B ~ O_ JO J~` D ~ O_O\ Q}=^== ....
[. GM = ab
69. O=~= < ^~ Q}=^ Q}# L yOK Ò ...
[.
GM = Anti
70. qz# } GM Q}#L yOK Ò ....

[.
z~Orq
GM = Anti
log
log x
N
106
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
71. i` Q}=^ =x Q}O KO^ L yOK Ò?

[.
GM W = Anti
log x.w
log
72. `, x+` ,p OY Q}#K _O Z=Q L Q_ Q @

?
[. Q}=^==
73. ^Ò= U JO" < ''0 Qx, |}`HO () Qx J~`...
[. Q}=^=x Q}O K= .
~=^==
74. ^Ò=x q=, =` == JOH=^xH Q =` =x U=O^~?
[. ~=^==
75. ~=^ Q}# ~ O_ K~#_ L yOK Q}H=?
[. ~=^==
76. ~ O_ HO> Z= JO L#
_ ~=^ Q}# L yOK `=?
ba2
[. ~=^==
N
).M.H(
b + a =
= ).M.H(
1x
77. Q}` Q@
=_O\# H#|_ Q}?
[. Z. Wq ^Ò=x u JOO# P^~_ #.
a. Wq cr =# J#=Q LO_#.
78. } ^< `H =i |}`H q= L#_ ~=^=x...
[. Q}O K= .
79. += ^Ò=Q@
=^ O|O^= ?
[. JOH=^== =^Q`= H=
80. J+= ^Ò= Q@
=^ O|O^= ?
[. H= 3 =^QÒ 2 JOH=^=O
z~Orq
107
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
q~} =<
81.
[.
82.
[.
83.
[.
84.
[.
H O^# q=, ^Ò=x J q= =^ Q `_# `H< H=<# U=O\~?

q~ }
=#= (Dispersion)
q~ }
=< =~H ~?
~ O_=} Q@

H O^ # H` q=h`# sHO K_xH L Q_ k ?
q~}=<.
qq^ q~ }
=< Uq?
Z) ",
a) K` ~O qK#=, ) =^= qK#=, _) =}H qK#=
W) ~O* =H~ Y, (~M zÒ ^~ Q}O Kk)
" (Range) :
85. ^ÒOx Hx+, Qi+ q= =^ ^ x U=O^~?
[. "
86. XH "~O 10 Q= |OQ~O J`kH^ ~ ~. 12,000 Q#, J` ^~ ~. 10,500 Q#
#"^ J~` |OQ~O ^~ x " ZO`?
[. ~. 1500
87. "x Q}O KO^ L yOK Ò?
[. J`kH q= J` q= (R = L S)
88. " Q}HxH L yOK=# Ò?
J`kH q= J` q=
[. L S
---- = ---------------------------L+S
J`kH q= { J` q=
89. JO` q= =O Z=Q LO_ q~ }
=#O Uk?
[. "
90. "`=~} K##, H ZHO* "\ ^~ =~# zOKO^, = <}`#x~~ OK
Q} xO`}# L yOK q~ }
=#O?
[. "
K`~O qK#=
91. K` ~O qK<xH P ~# \# k?
[. ~ x Q<
z~Orq
108
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
92. ^Ò= kQ= 25 JO, ZQ= 25 JO =ke =^ L# 50 JO P^~OQ Q}O K

q~}=#=?
[. K` ~O qK#=
93. ^= , `$f K` ~O =^ L# `_# U=O\~?
[. K` ~OH " (^) Inter Quartile Range
94. Inter Quartile Range # UqÔ Q K=K#.
[. Q Q
95. Inter Quartile Range x Q Qx U=O\~?
[. J~ K` ~OH " (Semi Inter Quartile Range)
96. Semi Inter Quartile Range# U qÔ Q K`~?
3
[.
97. J~ K` ~OH "H ~ x Q< \# ~?
[. K` ~O qK#=
98. K` ~O qK# Q}Hx U qÔ Q K`~?
ZQ= K` ~OQ=Q kQ= K` ~O=
[. Q Q
3
ZQ= K` ~O= { kQ= K` ~O=

K` ~O qK# Q}H=J<k U ~H" # q~ }
=#=?
H q~ }
=#=
K` ~O qK<x Q}O K@_ JO# P~} H=O "_xH QH~}=?
Q.D _ #=#=O\^. (K` ~O qK#=)
q=$` `~Q ` U q~ }
=<x Q}O K=K?
K` ~O qK#=
Q@
K@ L# q~ }
# `x q~ }
=< Uq?
" K` ~OH qK#=
^Ò=x Jx JO# fHO_ Q}O K|_ q~ }
=<?
" K` ~O qK#=
Ò "x U qÔ Q Q} ~ ?
P P
P 90= Ò=
P 10= Ò=
10
Q3 + Q1
99.
[.
100.
[.
101.
[.
102.
[.
103.
[.
104.
[.
z~Orq
90
10
90
109
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
=
=^^qH qK#= :
105.
[.
106.
[.
107.
[.
108.
[.
109.
[.
110.
[.
111.
[.
H O^# q= #Oz qq^ JO#f# qK< JOH=^ =x U=O\~?

=^ qH qK#=
JOH=^ ==, =^ Q`= ,H= U Q@ #Oz J~< Q}O K_xH gO_ q~ } =#=?
=^ qH qK#=
Q@ #Oz f# qK< cr Q~ # qiOz xiOK q~ }
=#O?
=^ qH qK#=
JOH=^ =O #O_ f# qK< "Ò ^xH =#OQ LO@Ok?
''0 (#)
Q~ # qiOz, Q@
#Oz qq^ JO# f# qK< JOH=^ =x U=O^~?
=^ qH qK#=
=^ qH qK<xH =~H ~?
Q@
qK#=
=HQ ` } =^ qH qK# Q}# L yOK Ò?
ldxl
N
112. =^ qH qK<x Q@
` yOz# Z_X nxx O^=K?
[. =^ qH qK# Q}H=
113. =^ qH qK# Q}HxH L yOK Ò?
[.
=^ qH qK#=
MD =
(^) =^ Q`= (^) H=

114. =^ qH qK#= H=Y"# O?
[. cr z =ke@@, cr =# L Q_ ^
=}
=}H qK#= / H = qK#=
115.
[.
116.
[.
117.
[.
z~Orq
1893 =}H qK<x " \# k?

H~ ~<
q~ }
=< JkHO Q L yOKk Ju O`$H ~ " # q~ }
=#O Uk?
=}H qK#O
JOH=^ ==#O_ f# qK<, =~, JOH=^ == =~= x D qÔ Q ~ ?
=}H qK#O
110
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
118.
[.
119.
[.
120.
=}H qK<xH =~H ~?

==^= =~ qK#= (^) =^ =~ qK# =O (Root - Mean Square deviation)
Z _ JOH=^== #Oz =`" O^Qe Q q~ }
=#=?
=}H qK#=
=HQ ` } , ` H û =}H qK# Q}# Ò?
( = =}H qK<xH Q~)
[.
121. =HQ ` } ^Q~ û =}H qK# Q}#Ò?

[.
122.
[.
123.
[.
=}H qK# H =<x U=O\~?

=}H qK# Q}H=.
=}H qK# Q}Hx 100 K z =Kk?
qK~} Q}HO (Co-efficient of variation)
=}H qK#=
CV =
100
2
2 JOH=ê
2==
2i.r8a6v= l=2
x
cxnd7a
x d x d%
= ===D
DS
124. A, B J< 2K~N A HNO>NB K~t qK~} Q}HO ` =Q LO> ~ ` O UqÔ Q LO_#?
[. B ~ ` O Z=Q LO_#.
Q=xH : qK~} Q}HxH,~ ` xH q= O|OÔ LO_#. qK~}
O iQHn ~ ` O `Q # .
125. =}H qK# =~x U=O\~?
[. q $u (Variance).
126.
[.
127.
[.
128.
[.
129.
[.
z~Orq
Variance =
U Q@ #O_ f# qK< =~ Hx+O Q LO_#?

JOH=^==
XH =# =H ~ Y JOH=^xH XH =}H qK<x Ki` P ~ Y q~ = Q JO
XH =# =H ~ Y JOH=^xH 2 =}H qK<e Ki` P ~ Y q~ = Q JO
x 2= 95.45%
XH =# =H~ Y JOH=^xH 3 =}H qK<e Ki` P ~ Y q~ = Q JO

x 3=99.73%
111
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
130.
[.
131.
[.
132.
K` ~O qK#=, =}H qK#= Z#= =O`Q LO@Ok?

2/3 =O` (0.6745)
~ O_ ^ JO`HO > Z= Q =}H qK<x H Q_` ^x U qÔ Q ~ ?
L=_ =}H qK#=
L=_ =}H qK# Q}#L yOK Ò
[.
133. =^qH qK#O, =}H qK#O Z#= =O` LO@Ok?
[. =~ 4/5 =O` (0.7979)
~O* =H~Y :
134.
[.
135.
[.
136.
[.
137.
[.
138.
[.
139.
q~ }
# ~ M`HOQ J^ #O K _xH L Q _ =H~ Y?
~O* =H~ Y
~O* =H~ Y Z=i ~` =__ LOk?
=H F.~O*
~O* "^\ Q ~O* =H~ Y# U O} q=~# èO^ L yOK#?
O^ 2P^
=
d N + 2 d1N + 2 2 N + 21N
2 2
1
2
) 2,1 ( Percent curve)
Oz` ` =H
~ Y Jx
^xH1~? =(Cumulative
2 N + 1N
~O* =H~ Y
=q[# ~ Y, ~O* =H~ Y ^~O iQHn
q~ }
JO` Z=Q L#^x J~= .
yh Q}Hx Q}O KO^ L yOK Ò?
[. yh Q}H=
x
x+y
Q=xH : ~O* =H~ Y, =O} ~ Y =^ LO_ O`x

LO_ O`x y Q# Qi~ .
Q#, ~O* ~ Y kQ=#
"+== :
140.
[.
141.
[.
z~Orq
^Ò= Q@
W~" =#OQ qi Oz LO> ^xx U~H" # ^Ò=JO\~?
+= ^Ò= JO\~.
XH q[#= += OQ #_ ^xx U=x ~ ?
J+= q[#=/ "+ = O
112
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
142.
[.
143.
[.
144.
[.
145.
[.
146.
[.
147.
[.
148.
[.
149.
[.
150.
[.
151.
[.
152.
[.
153.
+= q[#= Q@
=^ O|OÔ U qÔ Q LO@Ok?
JOH=^=O =^QÒ HO
+= ^Òx ~ MzÒ K U PH~O =O k?
'O~ QO@ PH~O
+= q[# =H~ Y# U=x ~ ?
=# =H~ Y ^ P^~ =H~ Y
JOH=^=O, =^QÒ , H `_ L#_ P q[<x U=O\~?
"+ = q[#=
"+ = q[#O ~ Y U qÔ Q LO@Ok?
~ Y U^ XH z=~ >~ (`H) H#|_Òk.
JOH=^=O q=, =^QÒ , HO HO>Z=Q LO> U ~H" # "+ = =?
^< `H "+ = = (^) _" "+ = = JO\~. (nxH `H _" LO_#)
HO q= =^QÒ , JOH=^=O HO> Z=Q LO> U ~H" # "+ = =?
|}`H "+ = O (^) Z_=" "+ = O (WH_ `H Z_=" LO@Ok)
JOH=^=O > =^Q`= > HO J<k ^xx `#?
^< `H "+ = =
JOH=^=O < =^Q`= < HO ^xx `#?
|}`H "+ = =.
Q@ P^~OQ K |_ "+ = x U=O\~?
^= "+ = =< JO\~.
K` ~O P^~OQ K |_ "+ = =<# U=O^~?
kf "+ = =#=
JOH=^==, H =^ ^~O P^~OQ K |_# H~ ~< "+ = Q}HO Uk?
JOH=^=O HO
[. H~
~< "+ = Q}HO (SK )
=}H qK#O
154. HO x~K#O iQ #_ L yOK H~ ~< Ò Uk?
[. 3 JOH=^=O 3 =^Q`=
=}H qK#=
p
z~Orq
113
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
155. JOH=^=O 120, =^QÒ 115, =}H qK#O 10 J~#K SK ZO`?

p
3 120 3 115 15
= =1.5(or)
10
10
3(120 115) 15
= =1.5
10
10
[.
156. += q[#O K` ~O =^ O|OÔ U qÔ Q LO@Ok?

[. kQ=, ZQ= K` ~O =^Q`xH =# ^~O LO\~.
157. "+ = Q}HxHL yOK Ò?
[.
Q + Q1 2Q 2
SK B = 3
Q3 Q1
158. += =H~ Y H#è L#^? K^ #Q L#^? Jx è* H}

x U=O^~?
[. H^Ò
pOY
159.
[.
160.
[.
161.
[.
162.
[.
163.
[.
164.
[.
165.
qq^* ` KOk# 2 }# _xH L yOK ` H Q@

# U=O^~?
pOY
"@" ^\ pOY Q}O KO^ uOz#"_?
W@b ^_# ''Hs
"^\ iQ pOY# "\ x HeKO^ L yOzi?
^= q=x =~
1838 p^~ J< ^x L yOz#k?
~~
pOY J< ^x L yOz#k?
r"<
PiH ~q` (Economic Barometers) Jx "\ x ~ ?
p OY
XH xs` HO Q = ^~ , P^~ O=`~O Q = ^~ Q x+ux U=O^~?
[. H ^~ p
P01 =
P1
P0
166. ` O=`~ i=}xH, P^~ O=`~ i=}xH Q x+ux U=O^~?

[. H i=} p
z~Orq
Q01 =
Q1
Q0
114
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
167.
[.
168.
[.
169.
[.
170.
[.
p OY x~}O L`= "# Q@

Uk?
Q}=^==
pOY x~} ^` # Zx ~HQ ql OK=K#?
2. 1) ~~ ` p 2) i` p
~~ ` px =~ Zx ~HQ ql OK=K?
2. 1) =# q+ ^ u 2) =# HH Q@
û .
=# q+ û px Q}O KO^ L yOK Ò?
P
P01 = 1 100
P0
171. =# HH Q@
û px Q}O K Ò
[.
1 100
P
P01 = 0
N
172. i` pOY# Zx ~HQ =sHi ~ ?

[. 2. 1) i` q+ p 2) i` HH Q@
û
173. P^~ O=`~O i=}x001i`
?
0QO1PQ f
= Px px ~OkOz# Q}OH"`
10
0Q0P
[. ~
174. =~= # O=`~O i=}# iÒQ fx px ~OkOz# Q}OH=`?
[. j
P01 =
P1Q1
100
P0Q1
175. ~, j =# JOH=^=" Z=i pOYQ =|_Òk?

[. _i
176.
[.
177.
[.
z~Orq
P01 =
L+P
2
+ ~ p OY ~, j U Q@
Q ==K?
Q}=^=O
+ ~ px P^~ pQ =_xH H~}O?
Wk H i=~# , H~H i=~# sH # O`$ ~ K#.
Q@
L`= "# Q}=^=O P^~OQ Q}O K|_#.
` , P^~ O=`~ i=}# iÒQ fO@Ok.
Jx~H H `^~OQ LO_# (It is free from bias)
115
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
178. + ~ P^~ p `" k?

[.
P01 =
P1Q0 P1Q1
100
P0 Q0 P0 Q1
179. ''P^~ O=`~x ` O=`~x `~=~ K p OY H#HO> Jq XH^xHH\

=` =Q LO_e J< x=O U sH# `#.
[. Hi=~# sH
180. P X P = 1 J< Ò U sH KOk#k?
[. Hi=~# sH
181. '^~ p, i=} p |O q=x =~ =#O J< x=O U sH O|OkOz#k?
[. H~H i=~# sH.
182. H~H i=~# sH# K ` x=O Uk?
01
[.
183.
[.
184.
[.
185.
[.
10
P1Q1
P01 X Q01 = P Q
0 0
~ ~ >x O`$ iK Ò Uk?

=# q+ û (~~ `) =i ~ i` q+ û
~ ~ ># zOK x=O Uk?
P10 X P12 X P20 = 1
VP
P
=~ Z_= ~ p OY000011`WV" k?==1100P

P01 =
P1 (Q0 + Q1 )
100
P0 (Q0 + Q1 )
(Wk_ ` , P^~ O=`~ i=}# fH<#)
186. p OY x~}xH H b zOz# Ò Uk?

[.
P01 =
P1Q
100
P0Q
Q0 + Q1
Q =
187. H b p x~} û H =~H ~?

[. ~i` q+ û.
188. i` HH Q@
û p x~}xH L yOK Ò?
P = ^~

[.
^
HH
P1
P0
W = Value of weights (P0 Q0)
189. r=# = pH =~H~?

[. r=# ^~ p (^) qxQ^~x ^~ p
z~Orq
116
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
190. r=# = px xiOK ^` Uq?

2...
1. q+ = û
2. @O| |_\ ^ u
191. q+ = û r=#= p Q}O KO^ L yOK Ò Uk?
[.
P01 =
P1Q0
P0 Q0
192. @O| |_\ û r=#= p Q}O KO^ L yOK Ò Uk?

[.
193.
[.
194.
[.
P01 =
PV
V
2 > 3
J~` P =H~ Y U H ^` O Hey LO_#.
Lepto Kurtic
J~` P =H~ Y U ~H" # H ^` O Hey LO_#?

Meso Kurtic
O|OÔ
195.
[.
196.
[.
197.
[.
198.
[.
199.
[.
200.
[.
201.
[.
202.
[.
z~Orq
~ O_ ^ JO`HO > Z= K~ =^ O|O^x è Q}OH ^< x U=O\~?

O|OÔ . L^ : = Z` ,|~3=
O|OÔ LO@Ok.
= 2
^< `H, |}`H O|OÔ # ^x P^~OQ ql O|_#?
K~ =~ k# |\
~ O_ K ~ XH kQ x P ~H" # O|O^x U=O\~?
^< `H O|O^= . L^ : ^~ iy`
_ ~Q@.
~ O_ K~ XH^xH XH\ =u~H k x ( XH K~~ t iy` ~ O_k `Q @
) Jk U
~H"#O|O^=?
|}`H O|O^= (L^ : ^~ iy` _=O_ `Q @
)
=#, HH , | O|O^ J<q U JOO P^~OQ ql OK|_#k?
=#O J^ O K K~ OY#
~ O_ K~ =^ Q O|O^x ije ^x U~H" # O|OÔ Jx ~ ?
=# O|O^= (Simple co-rrelation)
=_ ^ JO`HO > Z= K~ =^ O|O^x J^ #O K @ U ~H" # O|OÔ ?
HH O|OÔ Qx, | O|OÔ QxH=K.
=_ ^ JO`HO > Z= K~ =^ Q O|O^x UHHO J^ #O K Jk U~H" #
O|O^= ?
| O|O^= . L^ : =~Ò, Z~=, O@ kQ|_ =O K#.
117
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
203. ~ O_ HO> Z= K~# QiOz#\H W`~ K~ ~ O Q L<x qOz ~ O_ K~~

=^ O|O^x J^ #OK Jk U~H" # O|O^= ?
[. HH O|O^= .
204. ~ O_ K~ =^ =Ò us ~ x+u LO> "\ =^ L# O|O^x U=O\~?
[. ~ ~ M O|O^= .
205. XH K~t =~# ~ O_= K~tx =~ ~ x+u x Z_ Jk U~H" # O|O^= ?
[. =H ~ v O|O^= .
206. "# @O aO^= "# H== T~ kQ Z_= #O_ _" H ` U ~H" # O|O^x
`#?
[. ^< `H O|O^= .
207. "# @O aO^= "# H== J^kQZ_= #O_ _H HOkH ky` Jk U ~H" #
O|O^x `#?
[. |}`H O|O^= .
208. "# @O QiOK|_ aO^= XH H=û "#O KO^ O_ @O JO` qi Oz LO>
P K~ =^ Q O|O^= U~H" # k?
[. P ~ O_ K~ =^ ZO\ O|O^= ^ . n< O|O^~ `= JO\~.
(No correlation)
209. O|O^ ~ M z`@

O ~ O_ydKxd~
Y =O`~O Q x "\ =^
O|OkOz# ~
=r
y xN
O|O^=?
[. ^< `H O|O^= .
210. O|O^ ~ M z`@
O ~ O_ K~ O|OkOz# ~ Y Ja=YOQ XH ^xH XH\
=u~Hk x "\ =^ O|OÔ ?
[. |}`H O|OÔ
211. O|O^x OM~O K _xH Z= "_H## O|O^ Q}H=?
[. H~
~< O|O^ Q}H=.
212. H~
~< O|O^ Q}H Ò?
[.
213.
[.
214.
[.
215.
[.
z~Orq
H~ ~< O|O^ Q}HO { q= = U~H" # O|OÔ ?

^< `H O|OÔ
H~
~< O|O^ Q}HO Z _ U q= =^ LO_#?
-1, { 1 =^ LO_# (1)
O|O^ Q}HO , == =~ qÒ H^?
It is Independent of change of scale and origin.
118
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
216. O=` ^+O Q}# ^xH L y~ ?

[. H~
~< O|O^ Q}HO =YO. ^x P^~ Q`# H#H=_xH.
217. O|O^ Q}HO O=` ^+O U qÔ Q Q} ~ ?
[.
218. Q}`H q+ J~# JO^KO ^, èq`@,hux*~f O\ JO =^ O|O^x
Q}O KO^ L Q_ O|O^= ?
[. H\ O|O^ Q}H=
219. H\ O|O^ Q}Hx H#Q#k?
[. K~ Z_~ ~=< 1904 (a@<)
220. ~=< H\ O|O^ Q}HxH Ò?
[.
221.
[.
222.
[.
223.
[.
224.
2
2
R =1 6 d
(or) 1 6 D
N(N 2 1
N3 N
~=< H\ O|O^ Q}Hx U JH~ O ` z~ ?

"Rho"(p)
~=< H\ O|O^ Q}H= U~H" # } =i O k?

=HQ ` } =`" .
2 1 N C 2
^x =O^
C = #O_ QiOz O|O^x Q}O
} u JO qK r<x
K û Uk?
5476.0 = r fo=EJO
P
N
N
~ qK< û
~ qK< O|O^ Q}HO Ò?
[.
225.
[.
226.
[.
227.
[.
228.
[.
229.
[.
z~Orq
J<k U ~H" # O|O^x `#?

O~ ^< `H O|O^= .
R = 1 J<k U ~H"
# O|O^x `#?
O~ |}`H O|O^= .
R = 0 J~#_ U~H"
# O|O^x `#?
~ O_ K~ =^ O|OÔ ^x J~= .
Co-efficient of determination # UqÔ
Q Q} ~ ?
R=+1
r2
O|OÔ 0.9 J~` O|O^ x~~}

Q}HO ZO`?
0.81.
119
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
Q` ZZ , Z ` x =^<
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
XH } =HQ ` ij# x 25 =i N = 4 J~#_ ^x Q@

q= nxH =#O
(Q 2 2005)
(1)
(1). 6.25
(2). 5.50
(3). 6.10
(4). 6.50
15, 20, 25, 27, 30, 31, 32, 34 J<_ } =^QÒ q= (Q 2 2005)
(4)
(1). 15
(2). 31
(3). 27.
(4). 29
2, 3, 4 ~=^=O (Q 2 2005)
(1)
(1). 3.0 (2.77)
(2). 3.27
(3). 4.0
(4). 4.5
d 200 =i N = 8 J~#_H=qK#O q= ^xH =#O (Q 2 2005)
(3)
(1). 3.0
(2). 4.0
(3). 5.0
(4). 6.0
4, 16 *qf =^=O (Q 2 2005)
(1)
(1) 8.0
(2) 7.5
(3) 5.5
(4) 7.0
(2)
JOH=^=O > =^QÒ > HO LO> =K ~ Y (Q 2 2005)
(1) ~}`H J+ = ~ Y (2) ^< `H J+= ~ Y (3) ^~}~ Y (4) += ~ Y
~ O_ } =^ O|O^ Q}HO q= - 0.5 J~` x~~}
Q}HO q= (Q 2 2005)
(1). -0.25
(2).-0.7
(3). {0.25
(4).{0.7
(3)
P + 1
P
0
XH JÒ` KOH=, 2 Ò0`01KOH
=^ O|O^xH ^xx W JO\~ ( 4 )
0P
(1). ^~} O|OÔ
(2). OKH O|OÔ (Q 2 2005)
(3). } O|OÔ
(4). |` O|OÔ
XH "H @Ox Jx aO^= iQ uQ=#~Y LO> KOH# W q~
(1). O~O Q O|OÔ Hq
(2). |}`H O|OÔ Hq (Q 2 2005)
(3). O|OÔ #O
(4). KOH =^ O|OÔ #O
(1)
P =i P =~Q P^~ O=`~, `
O=`~ ^~ z~.
p OY#xiOK_xHL yOK ^~} q+ ^ u HÒ (Q 2 2005) ( 2 )
2
1.
11.
12.
z~Orq
2.
P1
100
P0
3.
P1
100
P0
4.
P1 + P0
100
P1
r=# = zH D û ^~ H ~ (Q 2 2005)
(2)
1. q+ û
2. @O| |_@
û 3. x["`# û 4. Q P^~^ u .
|}`H J+= OQ L# XH O} D iu LO__O [~QÒk (<<Q l>_ 2005)( 4 )
1. KOH= H J`kH q= #O} ` =Q L#_
2. KOH= H JkH q= # O} JkHO Q L#_
3. Q@
=^QÒ HO> Z=Q LO_@O 4. Q@
=^QÒ HO> ` =Q LO_@O
120
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
z~Orq
~ O_ KOH =^ q= O|OÔ L#_ O|O^ Q}HO q= nx =^ LO@Ok

(<<Ql >_ 2005)
(2)
1. 0 =i 1
2. 0 =i -1 3. 1 =i -1 4. 0 =i < 1
XH i~ += O} D u =O k (<<Q l>_ 2005)
(1)
1. JOH=^=O, =^QÒ =i H XHq=Hey L#_
2. O} ^< `HO J+= OQL#_
3. O} |}`HO J+= OQ L#_
4. O} =#OQ L#_
q+ ^~ zH D HOk ~ P^~_ Òk (<<Q l>_ 2005)
(2)
1. P^~ O=`~ i=}O
2. Wz# O=`~ i=}O (Given year quantity)
3. Wz# O=`~O H Q@
i=}O 4. = h
(1)
XH =# O|OÔ r D HOk ^xx `Òk (<<Q l>_ 2005)
1. "Ò qK~}
O
2. Q__ 2005)
(3)
1. KOH =^ H~ H~} O|OÔ H^ 2. KOH =^ ~ ~ O|OÔ H^
3. KOH =^ O|O^ ~ =`" 4. i O|OÔ #Oz Q qK#O
Hx OY ^< `H= #_, D HOk ^xx Q}OK= (<<Q l>_ 2005)
(2)
1. JOH=^==
2. Q}=^== 3. =^Q`=
4. H=
XH =Ô u q= 3K Q}Oz#, Q@
q= 30. JO` =O^ Q@
q= ZO`?
(<<Q l>_ 2005)
(1)
1. 10
2. 20
3. 30
4. K =
HO^ Wz#OY =Ô Uk Z= qK~# = Hey#k (<<Q l>_ 2005)
(2)
1). 1, 1, 1, 3
2). 5, 11, 42, 22
3). 15, 15, 15, 17 4). 7, 5, 10, 8
JuQLO> q= nxx Z=Q qÒ K~ (<<Q l>_ 2005)
(4)
1. JOH=^==
2. =^Q`=
3. H=
4. "
D HOk"x U pOY, P^~ O=`~= ~=# L yO k? (<<Q l>_ 2005)
1. + p
2. ~ p 3. + ~ p
4. =~ Z_= ~ p
( 2)
yh Q}H= Z= L# Z_ (<<Q l>_ 2005)
(2)
1. J=#` ` = 2. J=#` Z= 3. O~ =#` 4. " g H=
O|O^ Q}H= (<<Q l>_ 2005)
(3)
1. ^< `H=
2. |}`H=
3. ^< `H= Hx |}`H= Hx H=K 4. " g H=.
2
121
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Cumulative Percentge Curve
Jx nx JO\~. (Oz` ` =H~ Y Jx ^xx JO^~)
(q 2007)
(2)
1. Fl< ~ Y
2. ~O* ~ Y 3. ## | l 4. ## O^` ~ Y
"^\ K` ~OHO 27, ^x K` ~OH qK#O 17 J~` 3= K` ~OHO ZO`? (q 2007) ( 2 )
1) 59
2) 61
3) 65
4) 57
48 "+ = Q}HO -0.3 J~` =}H qK#O ZO`? (q 2007) (4 )
X = 45, =^ QÒ
1) 20
2) 25
3) 28.
4) 30
j p 196, + ~ p 210. J~` ~ p ZO`? (q 2007)
(3)
1) 220
2) 215
3) 225
4) 230
HO> ` = Fl", HO> ZH= Fl< YO_OK#_ HOk H` U~_#? (q 2006) ( 1 )
1. =^QÒ
2. ~=^=O 3. JOH=^=O 4. Q}=^=O
(1)
HOk~O R and R } (q 2006)
1
R1 : a1, a2 ...... an1 an

R2 : an, an1 ..... a2 a1
31.
32.
~=< O|O^ Q}HO

1. 1
2. 0.5
3. 1
4. 0.5
z = x+y =i x, z =^ ^<
`H O|OÔ LOk. J~` K~ y =i z =^ O|OÔ
ZLO_#? (q 2006)
(2)
1. ~}`HO
2. ^< `HO
3. ~}`HOH=K, ^< `HO H=K
4. UnH^.
Q@
~H, H}
L yOz [`K
O_ (q 2006)
(2)
Q@
~HO
Q@
H}
O
A GM
1. z# q= JkH ^#` WK#.
B HM
2. qK< "Ò < =#O
C AM
3. x+` , ` Q@
i=#.
D Mode
4. Q}` ~ =~ K @ gH^
A
33.
z~Orq
1.
1
2
3
4
2.
3
1
2
4
3.
4
3
2
1
4.
3
2
1
4
(2)
Q@
qK#O Z_ Hx+O Q LO_# (Average deviation) (q 2006)
1. Ke` =^= ^~ qK< f#_ 2. A M #Oz qK< f#_
3. HO #Oz qK< f#_
4. =^QÒ #Oz qK< f#_
122
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
34.
35.
"H O|OkOz i #k (q 2006)

1. Wk q~ }
=#O#KOkk
2. O Q Q}O K=K
3. JO` q= = qÒ H^
4. Jx JO# P^~_ ^
1) 1 =`"
2) 1=i2
3) 2 =i 3 4) 1, 2 =i 4
[`K
O_ (q 2006)
e 2 (J#=iÒ )
e 1 (r q=)
A) 0.26
1. J`kH ~}`H O|OÔ
B) 0.35
2. J^< `H O|OÔ
C) 0.89
3. J`kH ^< `H O|OÔ
D) 0.98
4. J~}`H O|OÔ
5. O|OÔ ^ .
A
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
z~Orq
(4)
(2)
1. 3
1
5
2
2. 2
4
1
3
3. 2
1
5
3
4. 3
4
1
2
Up OYHi=~# , H~H i=~# sH # O`$ ~ # (q 2006)
(3)
1. ~ p
2. jp
3. ++~ p
4. _i+ pOY
"The sum of squares of deviation of set of values is minimum when deviation is taken about" nx#Oz
f# qK< =~ Hx+O Q LO_# (q 2004)
(1)
2. =^QÒ
3. HO
4. HM
1. AM
O} ^< `H "+ = O Z_Hey LO_##Q? (q 2004)
(1)
2. JOH=^=O < =^QÒ < HO
1. JOH=^=O > =^QÒ > HO
3. JOH=^=O < HO < =^QÒ
4. =^QÒ < HO < JOH=^=O
+ ~ P^~ p OY HOk"xx O`$ ~ # (q 2004)
(3)
1. Hi=~# sH
2. H~H i=~# sH
3. H =i H~H i=~# sH
4. Circular sH# =`"
^~ p Q}# H =Y L^ O nx =~# `H#@ (q 2003)
(3)
1. r=# =}O
2. |OQ~ ^=O 3. ^= H#QH 4. LùK =~ O
HOk"x iHxk Uk + ~ p q+ O (q 2002)
(2)
1. ~, + q= =^ LO_#.
2. L, P JOH=^=O
4. L = P J~`, L H P H =#=Q#
3. L, P Q} =^=O
U p H, H~H i=~# sH# O`$ ~ K# (q 2002)
(4)
1. ~
2. +
3. H b
4. + ~
123
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
z~Orq
XH ^ÒO z = 5 =^QÒ 15, JOH=^=O 20 J~` P ^ÒO (q 2002) ( 1 )

1. _" # "+ = =O Hey LO_#
2. Z_=" "+ = O
3. += O
4.+= O H^, "+ = O H^
Oz` # # ~ MzÒ ^~ U ~H" # Q@
Q} O (q 2002)
(3)
2. HM
3. =^QÒ
4. HO
1. GM
The sumof squared deviation is the least when taken from (q 2001)
(3)
4. GM
1. HO
2. =^QÒ
3. AM
HOk"x U H=#O J`kH, J` q=K qÒH^ (q 2001)
(1)
3. S D
4. qK~}
Q}HO
1. =^QÒ
2. HM
x =i y ^ÒO D qÔ
Q LOk (q 2001)
(1)
x : 1,2,3,4,5
y : 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
y H =}H qK#O
2. (x H= qK#O) 2
1. x H= qK#O#=#O LO_#
4. (x H= qK#O) 2
3. (x H= qK#O) { 2
3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5 =}H qK#O (q 2001)
(1)
1. 1
2. 4
3. 0
4. O^= .
XH ^ÒO Mean < Median < Mode J~` P O} (q 2001)
(3)
1. _" # "+ = O 2. += O 3. Z_=" "+ = O 4. += O H^ "+ = O H^
q~ }
=< nx#Oz H#Q# gH^ (q 1999)
(4)
1. =^=O
2. =^QÒ
3. HO
4. GM
P^~ OII i=} ~Q f# p OY (q 1999)
(2)
1.
2. ~
3. + ~
4. WPI
HOk Scatter ~ M zÒ #Oz ~ # J#=iÒ Uk? (q 2000) ( 2 )
1. x & y O|OÔ Hey L<~
2. x & y ^< `H O|OÔ Hey L<~
3. y Hx K~t H~}O
4. x H y K~t H~}O
Oz` ##O #Oz H#Q< Q@
(q 2000)
(4)
2. HM
3. z (HO ) 4. =^QÒ
1. GM
(4)
10 q= Q x K~ z=iq"# 5H |^ 4 =i` J_ (q 2000)
1. =^QÒ , HO `Q #
2. =^QÒ `Q # , HO =~^
3. =^QÒ =~^ , HO `Q #
4. =^QÒ Qx, HO Qx =~^
HOk"x U Q}OH H` Jx JO# P^~_ # (q 2000)
(2)
2. HM
3. "
4. HO
1.QD
124
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
56.
57.
JOH =^=O 6, =}H qK#O 0.50 qK~}

Q}HO (CV) ZO`?
1. 4.0%
2. 8.3%
3. 16.0%
4. UnH^
Meso Kurtic O}x
W Jx_ JO\~ (q 2000)
3. c\ O}
4. =# O}
1. Q= O}
2. x O}
Circular Test x O`$
i Kk (q 2000)
1.=# q+ û 2. p
3. ~ p 4. H b p
~O* =H~ Y yx Q}HO W H~ (q 2000)
(2)
(4)
58.
59.
1.
Area x
Area y
3.
60.
OAD
(1)
(3)
2.
4.
O} yx Q}HO ZO`? (q 2000)
1.
2.
3.
4.
(1)
AAD
xDO
aO
yearaA
eerrAA
C
)yC
D
A
BxO
x( aerA
B+D
=Y"# ~O@ :
+ ~ p H i=~# , H~H i=~# sH # O`$ ~ K @ = Jk P^~ pQ =|_#.
~ p OY P^~ O=`~ i=}x ~OQ fx Q}O K_" O k.
+ p OY, ` O=`~ = i=}O# ~OQ fx Q}O K_" # k.
z~Orq
125
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
H a\
61. JOH=^== J<k
1. # Q@

2. Q}` Q@

3. ~ O_#
62. =^QÒ J<k
1. # Q@

2. Q}` Q@

3. ~ O_#
63. qz# } JOH=^== H Ò Uq?
1.
X=A+
d
N
2.
X=
fx
N
3.
x
N
( )
4. " g H=
( )
4. " g H=
( )
4. " g H=
64. Jqz# } JOH=^== HÒ

2.
1.
65.
X=
dx
N
3.
( )
x=A+
dx
N
4.
X =A +
fdx
c
N
i` JOH=^=x HOkÒ ^~ Q}O K=K.

1.
2.
Xw=
fx
N
3.
=A +
( )
fd
N
4.
X w =A +
fd1
C
N
66. Q}=^== Q}O K@ HOk`x L y~ .

1.
3.
G.M.= Anti log
fd
N
( )
fx
w
x gol f
. f.gcoldxdN
G.M.= Anti log
2.
+
+
=
=
A
M
X
=
i
t
n
A
=
.
M
.
G
2
w
N
+ 1L = M
w
N
Ni f N
4. " g H=
67. =^QÒ J#Q

1.
M=
( )
N
2
2.
3.
4.
M=
fx
N
68. ^Òx <Q QQ ql Oz# =<x D HOk qÔ Q ~

1. ÒO
2. ÔO
3. K` ~OO
4. " g H=
69. ^Òx 10 =QQ ql Oz# =<x D qÔ Q ~
1. ÒO
2. ÔO
3. K` ~OO
4. " g H=
61.(2)
z~Orq
62.(1)
63.(2)
64.(4)
65.(1)
126
66.(1) 67.(2) 68.(3)
( )
( )
69.(2)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
70. ^Òx 100 =QQ ql Oz# =<x D qÔ Q ~

1. ÒO
2. ÔO
3. K` ~OO
4. " g H=
71. XH O}# O^ Qi+ q=,Hx+ q=Q =`x D qÔ Q K =K.
1. JOH=^==
2. =^QÒ
3. HO
4. "
72. TOz# Q@
#O_ =}H qK#O Ò Uk?
1.
fd 2 fd
N
N
3.
d 2 fd 2
N
N
( )
2.
4. " g H=
d2
N
2.
3.
( )
fd2 fd 2
C
N N
4. " g H=
74.
~O* =H~ Y O` nxx J^ #O K =K

1. HHH O |OÔ 2.2)dp( O22ddY#
3.Q@
#
4. q~ }
=<#
=
75. K~=^ Q O|O^ N~xx~NN~ OK@ L Q_ q+ }
Uk?
1. q~ }
=<
2.p OY 3. O|OÔ
4.Q@

76. p OY# Q}O K@ ~L yOz# û
1.
P01 =
P1Q1
100
P0 Q0
2.
P01 =
P1Q
100
P0 Q
3.
P01 =
P1Q0
100
P0 Q0
4.
P01 =
P1Q0 + P1Q1
100
P0 Q0 + P0 Q1
77. p OY# Q}O K@ (Paache) û Uk?

P01 =
P1 Q0
100
P0 Q1
2.
P01 =
P1 Q1
100
P0 Q1
3.
P01 =
P1 Q1 P1 Q0
+
100
P0 Q1 P0 Q0
4.
P01 =
P1 Q0 + P1 Q1
100
P0 Q0 + P0 Q1
71.(4)
72.(1)
73.(2)
74.(4)
127
( )
( )
( )
( )
1.
70.(1)
z~Orq
( )
73. # qK# û ^~ =}H qK<x HOkÒ O` Q} ~

1.
( )
75.(3) 76.(3) 77.(2)

Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
78. p OY Q}# û Uk?

1.
3.
P01 =
p1q0 p1q1
+
100
p0 q0 p0 q1
p1q0 p q
11
+
p0q0 p0q1
P01 =
100
2
( )
p1q 0 + p1 q1
100
p0 q 0 + p0 q1
2.
P01 =
4.
p q
P01 = 1 100
p0q
79. p OY Q}# + ~ P^~ p û Uk?
( )
p q
P01 = 1 100
p0q
1.
p1q0 + p1 q1
P01 =
100
p0 q 0 + p0 q1
2.
3.
p1q0 p1q1
+
100
P01 =
p0q0 p0q1
4. " g H=
80. =~ Z_= ~ û p OY Q}# Ò
( )
P1
100
P0
1.
P01 =
P1 q 0 + P1 q1
100
P0 q 0 + P0 q1
2.
P01 =
3.
P01 =
P1 q
100
P0 q
4.
P
P01 = 1 100
Q1
81. HOk "\ Uk# Q@

( )
1. JOH=^==
2.=^QÒ
3. ~=^== 4. Q}=^==
( )
82. Fl" (Ogive) =H~ Y nxx QiOK_xH _ #
1. JOH=^==
2. =^QÒ
3. ~=^== 4. Q}=^==
83. K` ~OO Zx K` ~OHLO\~
( )
1. ~ O_
2. =_
3.<Q
4. S^
84. 15 =Ok q^~ Q `~Q u 5 Q~ q^~ sH ` i. sH Lf~ # "i =~ D
qÔ Q L<~. 9, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 6, 5, 4, 7 J~# "Ò 15 =Ok q^~ =^QÒ ZO`?
1. 4
2. 5
3. 6
4. 7
( )
( )
85. "Mode" (HO ) J< Ô U + #O_ Pq~q OzOk?
1. O K
2. \<
3. wH
4. [~<
86. "^ x x HK#.
( )
1. Q@
#
2. q~ }
=<# 3. O|OÔ # 4. pOY#
78.(3)
z~Orq
79.(3)
80.(1)
81.(2)
82.(4)
128
83.(2) 84.(3) 85.(1)
86.(2)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
87. J`kH q= J` q=
---------------------J< Ò nxx Q}O K@ L y~
J`kH q= { J` q=
(
1. "
2. " Q}HO 3. K` ~O qK# Q}HO 4. p OY
88. Lx ^ J=HxH ^x H LQ` U ~H" # O|OÔ LO@Ok?
(
1. ^< `H O|OÔ
2. ~}`H O|OÔ
3. O|OÔ =O_^
4. " g H=
89. =~Ò# =i O@ O_@ D O|OÔ =O_#.
(
1. ^< `H O|OÔ
2. ~}`H O|OÔ
3. O|OÔ =O_^
4. " g H=
90. î OK ^ ~OQ, èq`@ Q O|OÔ
(
1. ^< `H O|OÔ
2. ~}`H O|OÔ
3. O|OÔ =O_^
4. " g H=
91. rq` c= (Life Insurance) ^~x = H@= #qO =# O|OÔ (
1. ^< `H O|OÔ
2. ~}`H O|OÔ
3. O|OÔ =O_^
4. " g H=
(
92. x~^Q p (Unemployment Index) H =# =#=x H#Q HH Q O|OÔ
1. ^< `H O|OÔ
2. ~}`H O|OÔ
3. O|OÔ =O_^
4. " g H=
93. ^~} i` = ^~ , ^x _=O_ Q O|OÔ .
(
1. ^< `H O|OÔ
2. ~}`H O|OÔ
3. O|OÔ =O_^
4. " g H=
94. O|O^ Q}HO
(
1. ^< `HOQ LO_H =K
2. ~}`HOQ LO_H =K
3. O|OÔ =O_^
4. ^< `HOQ Qx ~}`HOQ Qx LO_= K
(
95. ''PiH =~#HeK ~qu (Barometers) Q HOk "x ^xx Ja=i~ ?
1. Q@

2. O|OÔ
3. q~ }
=#O 4. p OY
96. p OY x~}O Uk L`= "# Q@
.
(
1. =^QÒ
2. Q}=^=O 3. HO
4. JOH=^=O
(
97. (Paasche) p OY nx P^~_ #.
1. P^~ O=`~ i=}O
2. ` O=`~ i=}O
3. ` =i P^~ O=`~ i=}
4. " q H=
87.(2)
96.(2)
z~Orq
88.(2)
97.(2)
89.(1)
90.(3)
91.(1)
129
92.(2) 93.(2) 94.(4)
)
)
)
)
)
95.(4)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
98. + ~ P^~ p OY.

( )
1. ~, p OY =^QÒ 2. ~, p OY JOH=^=O
3. ~, p OY Q}=^=O
4. " g H=
99. KH sH P P P J< 3 p#_ ~ ~ > nxx O`$ ~ K#
( )
1) P xP xP = 0 2) P xP xP = 1 3) P x P xP = 1 4) " g H=
100. "Circular Test" nxx O`$ ~ K#.
( )
1. =# q+ û 2. ~ p OY 3. jp OY 4. + ~ p OY
101. H~
~< O|O^ Q}HO "\ "\ = ^ LO_#?
( )
1) -2 #O_{2
2) 0#O_ {1
3) -1 #O_ {1 4) " g H=
( )
102. P^~ O=`~O (Base period) Z _ D qÔ Q LO_#
1. r=# =O(cost of living)
2. qxQ^~_ (consumer)
3. H~H i=~#
4. ^~} (normal)
103. ~, j p OY UQ@
#Q} + ~ P^~ p =K#
( )
2. Q}=^=O 3. =^QÒ
4. ~=^=O
1. Factor reversal
104. @O| |_\ û ^~ D ^~ pOY# Q} ~
( )
1. \^~
2. z~^ ~
3. qxQ^~ ^~
4." g H=
105. D HOk "x Uk X
( )
2. AM>GM>HM 3. AM > GM > HM 4. HM > GM > AM
1. AM<GM<HM
106. qK< =~ JOH=^== H =~= x DqÔ Q ~ .
( )
1. Q@
qK#O
2. =}H qK#O 3. Q}=^=O 4. K` ~O qK#O
107. JOH=^=O #Oz f# qK< "Ò
( )
3) 0
4) " g H=
1) 1
2)
( )
108. Ogive is a (Fl" ~ Y)
2. Oz` ## =H~ Y
1. ## | l (frequency polygon)
3. < _Q" (line diagram)
4. " g H=
109. XH} H =^QÒ 10. D }H 5, 20 J< ~ O_K~~ J^#OQ He#q. J\O@C_
#`# } =^QÒ .
( )
1) 9
2) 20
3) 7
4) 10
110. 13 =Ok q^~ Q =O 4 Q~ sH ` i. Lf~ J~#"~ =~ D qÔ Q
=<~. 41, 57, 38, 61, 36, 35, 71, 50 =i 40. J~#K =^QÒ =~ ZO`? ( )
1) 40
2) 50
3) 41
4) 38
1
12
98.(3)
106.(2)
z~Orq
23
31
99.(2) 100.(1)
107.(3) 108.(2)
12
23
31
21
32
31
101.(3) 102.(4) 103.(2) 104.(3) 105.(3)

109.(4) 110.(4)
130
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
111. 9 =Ok q^~ JOH=^=O 100. 6 Q~ q^~ JOH=^=O 80. J~#K "Ò 15 =Ok
L=_ Q@
ZO`?
( )
1. 100
2. 80
3. 90
4. 92
( )
112. XH += ^ÒO Q = 20, Q = 40 J~` P ZO` ?
1. 40
2. 20
3. 30
4. " g H=
( )
113. XH += ^ÒO P = 40, P = 60 J~< =^QÒ ZO`?
1. 50
2. 40
3. 60
4. 100
114. D HOk Q@
~_" _ ^ A
# x~~ OK@Uk i # Q@
.
( )
1. JOH=^=O
2. =^QÒ
3. HO
4. Q}=^=O
115. =q_O _ i=}O x~~ OK@ =~Q ~ # Q@
Uk?
( )
1. HO
2. =^QÒ
3. JOH=^=O 4. Q}=^=O
116. Q}`H JO Q}O K@ L Q_ Q@
.
( )
2. GM
3. H.M.
4. Median
1. A.M
117. nx #Oz f# qK< "Ò ''0 =#OQ =O_#.
( )
1. JOH=^=O
2. Q}=^=O 3. =^QÒ
4. HO
.
( )
118. qs` JO (Extreme observation) K Z=Q qÒ J Q@
1. JOH=^=O
2. Q}=^=O 3. =^QÒ
4. HO
( )
119. Z= ~ ` O Hey# Q@
Uk? (Most stable)
1. JOH=^=O
2. Q}=^=O 3. =^QÒ
4. HO
120. 6, 3, 8, 9, 5, 7 =^QÒ ZO`?
( )
1. 5.5
2. 6.0
3. 6.5
4. 7
121. HOk Q@
Uk Q}` Q@
H^.
( )
1. JOH=^=O
2. Q}=^=O 3. i` JOH=Ô4. =^QÒ
122. XH ^ÒO JOH=^=O, =^QÒ , HO =#OQ =O> ^xx D qÔ Q ==K.
1. += ^ÒO
2. J+= ^ÒO 3. |}`H "+ = O 4. ^< `H "+ = O ( )
123. 5= ÔO J#Q
( )
1. JOH=^=O
2. =^QÒ
3. Q@
qK#O 4. =}H qK#O
124. H O^# H`# U ~H" # Q@
Q ~ .
( )
1. ^= }
2. kf }
3. `$f }
4." g H=
125. XH O} u q= XH ~ " # OY# Ki P O} JOH=^=O
( )
1. JOH=^=O q= =~^
2. J^ ~ OY# ~ JOH=^==# He
3. J^ ~ OY# JOH=^==# f"
e
4. " g H=
111.(4)
120.(3)
z~Orq
25
75
112.(3) 113.(1)
121.(4) 122.(1)
50
114.(3) 115.(1) 116.(4) 117.(1) 118.(1)

123.(2) 124.(1) 125.(2)
131
119.(1)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
126. XH `~Q u ~Q@

= 20 O=`~. 2 O=`~ `~ "` "i =
( )
1. qQ`q ~ O
2. 18 O.
3. 22 O.
4. " g H=
127. Q" ^~ D Q@
# Q}O K=K.
( )
1. JOH=^=O
2. HO
3. =^QÒ
4. " g H=
128. D HOk "x Uk ~ # k H^.
( )
1. =^Q`x ~ MzÒ ^~ x~~ OK=K#
2. uK # KOKO JOH=^=O ` =Q qÒ JQ#
3. H O^# H` ZC _ JOH=^== K L`= "# H=#=
4. q=$Ò` `~Q ` =^Q`x Q}O K=K
129. HOk "H= Uk ~ # k
( )
1. JOH=^== #Oz f# qK< "Ò ''0 =#OQ LO_#
2. += ^ÒO JOH=^== =^QÒ HO
3. Q}`H JO x~
O =^QÒ ~ # k
4. = x
130. HOk "x Uk ~ # k.
( )
1. H O^# H`< ^= } Q@
O^~ 2. Mode #~MzÒ Q" ^~ K=K
3. AM = =^QÒ HO =#OQ =O> P ^Òx += ^ÒO JO^~
4. ^ÒOx =^QÒ Q QxzOK#
1) 1, 2 =i 3
2) 2, 3 =i 4 3) 1, 2 =i 4 4) <Q
131. Z=~ #~=$Ò J~# OY
( )
1. JOH=^=O
2. Q}=^=O 3. =^QÒ
4. HO
132. K` ~O# ~ MzÒK@ L yOKk.
( )
1. Q"
2. ` = Fl"
3. iQ"
4. " g H=
133. 50 ÒO J#Q
( )
1. JOH=^=O
2. =^QÒ
3. 2= K` ~OO 4. HO
134. 5= ÔO J#Q
( )
1. JOH=^=O
2. =^QÒ
3. 2= K` ~OO 4. HO
1) 1 =i 2
2) 2 =i 3 3) 3 =i 4 4) 2 =`"
135. HOk "\~ # \ " O\ Uk
( )
1. q=$Ò` `~Q ` Q =sH$ ` ^ÒxH =^Q`x Q}O K=K
2. JO` q= =O =^QÒ =O@Ok
3. JOH=^=O ZC _ H O^# H`H =Y"# k
4. } O^ U^# q= ` ## JOH=^==# =#O Q}O K=K#
126.(3)
135.(1)
z~Orq
127.(2) 128.(3)
129.(4) 130.(4) 131.(4) 132.(2) 133.(2)

132
134.(2)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
136. HOk"\Uk Q}` O|O^" # Q@

H^
( )
1. JOH=^=O
2. Q}=^=O 3. ~=^=O 4. =^QÒ
137. 50 =Ok q^~ =^QÒ 60. J~` =^QÒ Q}O z# `~ "` XH qî =~ 75H |^
65Q Q}O K_" # k Jx èOk. J~`~ # =^QÒ ZO`?
( )
1. 60
2. 61
3. 60.2
4. 58.8
138. } u JOO P^~_ q~ }
=#= Uk?
( )
1. "
2. =}H qK#O
3. K` ~O qK#O
4. = x
139. q=$Ò` `~Q ` _ Q}O KQe Q q~ }
=#O Uk?
( )
1. "
2. =}H qK#O
3. =^qH qK#O
4. K` ~O qK#O
140. =}H qK<x ZC _ nx^~< Q} ~ .
( )
1. JOH=^=O
2. HO
3. =^QÒ
4. Q}=^=O
141. HOk"\ ^xx Hx+ q=, Qi+ q= P^~OQ Q} ~ .
( )
1. K` ~O qK#O 2. "
3. =}H qK#O 4. HO
142. =^qH qK#O ZC_
( )
2. S.D. H< Z=
1. S.D H< ` =
4. =}H qK#O# =#OQ =O_#
3. S.D. ` O|OÔ ^
( )
143. qK~} Q}HO (co-efficient of variation) x
001
1.
2.
3.
4.
100
x
144. K` ~O qK#O nx P^~_ #.

1. 50% HO> Z= JO
2. 25% HO> ` = JO
3. 25% HO> Z= JO
4. =^ Q 50 JO
145. H O^ # H`#Oz f# qK< JOH=Ô
2. M.D (Mean Deviation) 3. q $u 4. K` ~O qK#O
1. S.D
146. JO`~ K` ~O " Zx JO# q#~OK#?
1. 50% q=
2. 100% q= 3. 25% q= 4. " g H=
147. "\ qh`# Q}O K@ q~ }
=<#L y~
1. Q@

2. "iae\
3. =^Q` `~Q u 4. " g H=
148. JOH=^ O 3 J<k =# =H~ Y ZO` q~ O
1. 90% JO
2. 99% JO 3. 95% JO 4. " g H=
136.(4)
145.(2)
z~Orq
137.(1) 138.(2)
146.(1) 147.(1)
139.(4) 140.(1) 141.(2) 142.(1) 143.(4)

148.(2)
133
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
144.(4)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
149. XH += ^ÒO Q = 25 =i Q = 45 J~# =^QÒ ZO`?

1) 20
2) 25
3) 35
4) " g H=
150. =^QÒ J#Q
1. 4= ÔO
2. 50= ÒO 3. 8= ÔO 4. 75= ÒO
151. U q~ }
=#O qs` JOK ` =Q q`=Q#.
2. Range
3. Mean Deviation 4. Q.D
1. S.D
152.
=i
J~#K qK~}
Q}HO (Co-efficient of Variation (CV)) ZO`?
1) 200%
2) 25%
3) 50%
4) 75%
153. qs` JOK Z=Q qÒ Jk.
1. =}H qK#O 2. K` ~OH qK#O 3. =^qH qK#O 4. "
154. HOk"xUk H q~ }
=#O
1. q $u
2. =}H qK#O 3. "
4. qK~}
Q}HO
155. 10, 12, 18, 14, 15, 7, 17, 20 H " Uk?
1) 9
2) 10
3) 12
4) 13
156. W=|_# JO ~ O_ JO =`" P^~_ H=#O Uk?
1. JOH=^=O
2. Q@
qK#O 3.=}H qK#O 4. "
157. qs` JOK qÒ Hxk
4. =^QÒ
1. "
2. JOH=^=O
0552 =
x3. S.D
158. ^ÒOu q= ~ OY K #He`, ^x " D qÔ Q LO_#
1. " WO` =O^= =O@Ok
e
2. =O^ "H K J< ~ OY# f"
4. K J< ~ OY =#O
3. =O^ "H K J< ~ OY#He
159. XH ^ÒO q~ }
#_ HOk"x i #k
1. JxQ}` , # Q@
=#O
2. Jx Q}` Q@
=#O Hx # Q@
=#O H=
3. Jx# Q@
=#O Hh Q}` q==#O H=
4. " g H=
160. HOk q~ }
=#= ^xx "Root Mean Square deviation" JO\~
1. "
2. K` ~O qK#O 3. =}H qK#O 4. Q@
qK#O
161. HOk"x ^xH L=_ Q}` q=# Q}O KO (cannot be combined mathematically)
1. =}H qK#O 2. JOH=^=O 3. Q}=^=O 4. =^QÒ
1
149.(3)
158.(1)
z~Orq
150.(2) 151.(4)
159.(1) 160.(3)
152.(3) 153.(4) 154.(4) 155.(4) 156.(4)

161.(4)
134
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
157.(4)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
162. Q@ qK#O ZC_.

( )
1. =}H qK#O HO> Z=
2. =}H qK#O` =#OQ =O_#
3. =}H qK#O HO> ` =
4. " g H=
x JO.
( )
163.
1) 58.26%= JOO 2) 68.27%= JOO 3) 31.74%= JOO
4) 41.74%= JOO
164. XH } qK~}
Q}HO (coefficient of variation) 64 =i JOH=^=O 10 J~# =}H
qK#O ZO`?
( )
1) 6.4
2) 5.4
3) 7.4
4) " g H=
165. D HOk JO= Uk ~ # k?
( )
Z. =^qH qK#O, =^QÒ #Oz f# qK< Hx+O Q LO\~
a. JOH=^=O #Oz f# qK< =~ "Ò Hx+O
. =}H qK#O x~H H=#O
_. =}H qK#O, =}H qK# Q}HO ~ O_ XH x\ =H ~ K | _#
1. Z, a =i 2. a, =i _ 3. Z, a =i _ 4. Z, =i _
166. " Q}HO# D qÔ Q x~zOK=K.
( )
167.
1.
2.
3.
"Inter quartile Range
(JO`~ K` ~O1QS"
Q K =K.
+3S
Lx ) x D qÔ
Q
1. Q
2.
S2+
LSL
Q1
3
3.
4.
Q3 Q1
Q3 + Q
( )
4. " g H=
168. K` ~O qK#O# D qÔ Q x~zOK=K.

1. Q
2.
Q1
3.
( )
Q3 Q1
Q3 + Q
4. " g H=
169. K` ~O qK#O Q}HO D qÔ Q K =K#.

1. Q
2.
Q1
3.
( )
Q3 Q1
Q3 + Q1
4. " g H=
170. ^# OkH LQ` =`# nx^~ H ~ .

( )
1. "
2. K` ~O qK#O 3. =^qH qK#O 4. =}H qK#O
( )
171. += O} (Symmmetrial distribution) H KOk i #k.
2. =^QÒ Q { K` ~O qK#O
1. Q =^QÒ =^QÒ Q
3. =^QÒ Q K` ~O qK#O
4. = x#
3
162.(3)
171.(4)
z~Orq
163.(2) 164.(1)
165.(1) 166.(1) 167.(1) 168.(2) 169.(3)
135
170.(1)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
172. Q@ qK#O (MD) # D qÔ Q x~zOK=K#.

1.
f dx
n
2.
(x i x) 2
n
3.
dx12
n
( )
4.
f1x i 2
f
173. Q@ qK#O# ^x#Oz H ~ .

1. JOH=^=O
2. =^QÒ
3. HO
4. = x
174. "Average deviation" # D qÔ Q _ ~ .
1. Mean deviation 2. Standard deviation 3. Quartile deviation 4. " g H=
175. =}H qK#O# ^x#O_ H ~ .
1. JOH=^=O
2. =^QÒ
3. HO
4. " g H=
176. qK~} Q}HO (Coefficient of variation) D qÔ Q K =K.
1.
Mean
100
MD
2.
MD
100
Mean
3.
Mean
100
SD
4.
( )
( )
( )
( )
SD
100
Mean
177. XH =# =H~ Y JOH=^=O 1 =}H qK#O ( x 1 ) ZO` q~ O # K#.( )

1. 68.27%= JOO 2. 95.45%= JOO 3. 99.99%= JOO 4. 99.73%= JOO
178. =# =H~ Y JOH=^=O 2 =}H qK#O ( x 2 ) ZO` q~ O # K#. ( )
1. 68.27%= JOO 2. 95.45%= JOO 3. 99.99%= JOO 4. 99.73%= JOO
179. =# =H~ Y JOH=^=O 3 =}H qK#O ( x 3 ) ZO` q~ O # K#. ( )
1. 68.27%= JOO 2. 95.45%= JOO 3. 99.99%= JOO 4. 99.73%= JOO
( )
180. O|O^ Q}HO (Coefficient of correlation).
1. nxH iqu ^ 2. XH\ H O > ` = 3. XH\ HO> Z= 4. " g H=
( )
181. O|O^ Q}HO Qi+ ^< `H q= (Maximum Positive value).
1. 0.50
2. 1.00
3. 2.00
4. Qi+ q= ^
182. O|O^ Q}HO Hx+ q=.
( )
1. 1.00
2. 0
3. 1.00
4. UnH^
183. ^~ , _=O_ Q O|OÔ .
( )
1. ^< `H O|OÔ 2. ~}`H O|OÔ 3. Z =i a 4. " g H^
184. O|OÔ ^~ ,
U qÔQ LO@Ok?
( )
1. ^< `H O|OÔ 2. ~}`H O|OÔ 3. Z =i a 4. " g H^
185. x =i y =^ O|O^ Q}HO 0.75 J~# "\ =^ U q^" # O|OÔ =O_#@.
1. ^< `HO =i O~ O|OÔ
2. ^< `HO, Hx O~O H^
( )
3. ~}`HO =i O~O
4. ~}`HO, Hx O~O H^
172.(1) 173.(4) 174.(1) 175.(1) 176.(4) 177.(1) 178.(2)
179.(4) 180.(4) 181.(2) 182.(3) 183.(2) 184.(1) 185.(2)
z~Orq
136
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
=^ O|O^ Q}HO 1.00 J~# "\ =^ O|OÔ D qÔ Q LOk.

( )
1. ^< `HO =i O~ O|OÔ
2. ^< `HO Hx O~O H^
3. ~}`HO =i O~O
4. ~}`HO Hx O~O H^
D HOk "\ Uk ~ # k.
( )
Z. ~}`H O|OÔ J#Q ~ O_ K~ `Q @
.
a. ^< `H O|OÔ J#Q ~ O_ K~ ~Q@.
. ~ O_ K~x =~ k, XH qÔ Q LO>, P ~ O_ K~ =^ ^< `H O|OÔ Hey
L#@.
_. ~ O_ K~ =u~H k =i`, "x =^ ~<`H O|OÔ L#@.
1. Z =i a
2. a =i 3. =i _ 4. Z =i _
( )
~ M zÒ x, y =^ O|OÔ .
1. O~ ^< `HO
2. O~ ~}`HO
3. JkH ^< `HO
4. JkH ~}`HO
( )
D HO^ Wz# @O O|OÔ x, y =^ U qÔ Q =Ok?
1. JkH ^< `HO
2. JkH ~}`HO
3. ` = _w ^< `H O|OÔ
4. ` = _w ~}`H O|OÔ
( )
HOk "H @O x, y =^ O|OÔ .
1. JkH _w ^< `H O|OÔ
2. J _w ^< `H O|OÔ
3. JkH _w ~}`H O|OÔ
4. O|OÔ ^
~ ^~ p OY L yOz# iÒ Uk?
( )
2. q
3. p
4. p
1. q
~ i=} p OY iÒQ L yOz#k.
( )
2. q
3. p
4. p
1. q
t (Paasche's) ^~ p OY i`=Q ^xx zOK#.
( )
1. q
2. q
3. p
4. p
x, y
186.(3)
z~Orq
187.(3) 188.(4)
189.(3) 190.(4) 191.(1) 192.(3) 193.(2)

137
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
194. t i=} p OY iÒQ ^xx L yOK#.

(
1. q
2. q
3. p
4. p
195. P^~ O=`~ i=}# iÒQ L yOz# i` q+ p Uk
(
2. Passche's ^~ p
1. Laspayre's ^~ p
3. Bowley's ^~ p
4. Fscher's ^~ p
196. ` (=~= # current year) O=`~ i=}# i`Q L yOz# i` q+
Uk?
(
1. Laspayre's ^~ p
2. Passche's ^~ p
4. Fscher's ^~ p
3. Bowley's ^~ p
197. ~ p, j p Q} =^=O.
(
1. + ~ P^~ zH 2. zH
3. =~, Z_= ~ zH 4. " g H=
198. HOk"x `C Q K |_#k.
(
1. P^~ O=`~O ^~} O=`~" LO_e
2. =# p OY HO>, i` p L`= "# q =i Z= ux^ O Hey#q
3. p OY x~}O L yOK Q@
Q} =^ =O L`= "# k
4. j `# p OY x~}O P^~ O=`~ i=}# i`Q L yOK#
199. =# HH Q@
zH Ò Uk?
(
o
1.
P
1 100
P0
N
2.
P1
100
P0
3.
1 Q1
100
N Q0
P1
100
P0
2.
P0
100
P1
3. 1 =i 2
p1q1
100
p0q0
2.
p0q1
100
p1q0
3.
p1q0
100
p0q1
p1q0
100
p0q0
2.
3.
1 p1q0 + p1q1 100

2 p0q0 p0q1
4.
194.(4)
202.(1)
z~Orq
195.(1) 196.(2)
203.(1) 204.(1)
)
)
( )
( )
( )
( )
4.
p0q0
100
p1q1
204. ~ ^~ p OY Q}# Ò.

1.
p
)
4. ~ O_
203. q= p OY (Value Index Number) Ò.

1.
4. " g H=
200. qxQ ^~ p nxx H=_xH L Q_ #.

1. z~ ^~ =~ 2. \ ^~ =~ 3. ~ O_# 4. " g H=
201. p OY ^xx zOK#.
1. x~H" # =~ 2. H" # =~ 3. 1 =i 2 4. UnH^
202. ^~} ^~ p H Ò.
1.
( )
p1q1
100
p0q1
1 p1q0 + p1q1
2 p0q 0 p0q1
197.(1) 198.(4) 199.(1) 200.(1) 201.(2)

138
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
205. + ~ P^~ p nx ^~ O^=K.
( )
1.
p1q0
100
p0q0
2.
3.
1 p1q0 + p1q1 100

2 p0q0 p0q1
4.
p1q1
100
p0q1
p1q 0 p1q1
100
p 0 q 0 p 0 q1
206. j ^~ p OY Ò.
( )
p1q1
100
p0q1
1.
p1q0
100
p0q 0
2.
3.
1 p1q0 + p1q1 100

2 p0q0 p0q1
4. 100
p1q0 p1q1
p0q0 p0q1
207. D HOk "\ ^~ p OY ^xx è* #.

1.
p1q1
100
p0q0
2.
3.
1 p1q0 + p1q1 100

2 p0q0 p0q1
4. 100
( )
p1q1
100
p0q1
p1q0 p1q1
p0q0 p0q1
208. [`~ O_.

Z.
a.
P1Q1
100
P0Q1
1. =~, Z_= ~
P1Q0 P1Q1
100
P0 Q0 P0 Q1
2. j
P1Q
100
P0Q
3. + ~
_.
P1 (Q0 + Q1 )
100
P0 (Q0 + Q1 )
4. H b
1. Z 1, a 2, 3, _ 4
2. Z 2, a 3, 4, _ 1
3. Z 2, a 1, 4, _ 3
4. Z 4, a 3, 2, _ 1
205.(4)
z~Orq
( )
206.(2) 207.(3)
208.(2)
139
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
209. D HOk [ì z# "\ Uk H="# k H^.

1.
p1q1
100
p 0q1
p1q 0 p1q1
100
p 0 q 0 p 0 q1
2.
+ ~
3.
P1 q 0 + P1 q1
100
P0 q 0 + P0 q1
=~
4.
1 P1q 0 P1q1
+
100
2 P0 q 0 P0 q1
( )
H O|OkOz iHxk.
(
1. } u q= XH ~ O Y# He`, ` JOH=^=xH J^ ~ OY# K~e
2. } u q= ~ OYK z, ` JOH=^=xH J^ ~ OYK zOKe
3. JOH=^=O #Oz f# qK< "Ò #
4. q=$Ò` (open ends) `~Q ` _ A.M. # Q}O K=K
(
211. "Upward Bias" ` W|Ok_ p OY Uk?
2. Paasche's Index number
1. Laspeyere's Index Number
3. + ~ p OY
4. " g H=
(
212. "Down ward Bias" ` W|Ok_ p OY Uk?
2. Paasche's Index number
1. Laspeyere's Index Number
3. + ~ p OY
4. " g H=
213. Hi=~# sH ~A= H|_O>.
(
210.
A.M.
3. P X P X P = 1
214. H~H i=# sH ^xx `#.
z~Orq
20
4. " g H=
( )
P1Q1
X Q01 = P Q
0 0
1. P
01
X P10 = 1
2. P
3. P
01
X P12 X P20 = 1
4. " g H=
209.(1)
P1q1
X
Q
=
01
01
P0q0
X P10 = 1
01
12
2. P
1. P
01
210.(4) 211.(1)
01
212.(2) 213.(1) 214.(2)

140
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
215. KH sH (Circular Test) ^xx `#.

1. P
01
( )
2. P
X P10 = 1
01
P1q1
X P01 = P q
0 0
3. P X P X P = 1
4. " g H=
HOk "x x\ ># O`$ ~K x p.
1. =# q+ p OY
2. ~ p OY
3. p OY
4. + ~ p OY
~ O_ q= JOH=^=O, Q}=^=O 10 =i 8. J~#K P ~ O_ q= Uq?
1) 11 =i 9
2) 12 =i 8 3) 14 =i 6 4) 16 =i 4
=^QÒ =i HO ~ O_#.
1. Q}` Q@

2. # Q@
3. OH+ Q@
4. `~K Q =K Q@

D HOk"\ Uk =^QÒ =#O J~#k?
4. Q}=^=O
1. JOH=^=O
2. HO
3. Q
HOk "\ " # q~ }
=#O Uk?
1. K` ~O qK#O 2. =^ qH qK#O 3. =}H qK#O 4. "
D HOk ^xx H=OQ [`~ K O _.
3
22
e 1
e 2
01
216.
217.
218.
219.
12
20
( )
( )
( )
( )
220.
221.
Z. Quartile deviation
1. =}H qK#O
a. Mean deviation
2. =}H qK#O
4
5
( )
( )
= =O`
= =O`
. 68.27% JO
_. 95.45% JO
3. JOH=^=O
4. JOH=^=O
5. JOH=^=O
1) Z 2, a 1, 3, _ 4
2) Z 1, a 2, 4, _ 3
3) Z 1, a 2, 5, _ 3
4) Z 2, a 1, 3, _ 5
222. ^ÒOx qq^ `~Q ` Oz` #<# P^~OQ K Hx w|_# ~ Y# U=O\~?
1. Oz` ## ~ Y (Fl")
2. # zÒ (Q")
( )
3. HQ"
4. = x#
215.(3)
z~Orq
216.(1) 217.(4)
218.(2) 219.(3) 220.(4) 221.(1) 222.(1)

141
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
223. ^ÒOx qq^ JO "\ ^#`#|\ ~# W Q}# K |_# Q@

# U=O\~?
1. JOH=^=O
2. i` Q@

3. Q@
qK#O 4. = x
( )
224. ^ÒOx q=# ~ O_ =# Q K@C_ =K q=.
( )
1. JOH=^=O
2. HO
3. =^QÒ
4. ~=^=O
225. ^ÒO Z=~ HxOK q=, Z= #<x Hey# q= Uk?
( )
1. JOH=^=O
2. =^QÒ
3. ~=^=O 4. HO
226. Wz# q= =`= JOHQ}
` Q@
H =`=x W JO\~.
( )
1. ~=^=O
2. Q} =^=O 3. HO
4. Q@
qK#O
227. P~} H J=~} H=O J=i# ^Òx <Q =# QQ K =_ aO^=.
1. ÔO
2. OK=OO 3. K` ~OO
4. ÒO
( )
228. ^Òx J~} H J=~} H=O J=i#_ S^ =# QQ K <Q aO^=.
1. ÔO
2. OK=OO 3. K` ~OO
4. ÒO
( )
229. P~} H J=~} H=O J=i# ^Òx 8 =# QQ K U_ aO^=. ( )
1. ÔO
2. OK=OO 3. JOO
4. ÒO
230. JOH=^=O H =^QÒ #O_ u q= Q qK#O ^# , |} Q~ # =ê" x~~ OK|_#
q~}=#=.
( )
1. Q@
qK#O
2. =^= qK#O
3. =}H qK#O
4. K` ~O qK#O
231. JOH=^=O #O_ =z# qK< =~ H Q@
=~= q=# U=O\~?
( )
1. Q@
qK#O
2. =^= qK#O
3. =}H qK#O
4. K` ~O qK#O
232. q[HO H "x, ~ ~ Y# èk?
( )
1. # zÒ
2. "+ = O
3. =# O=`~ Y 4. = x
233. =^qH qK<x Q@
K yOKQ aOKk?
( )
1. " Q}HO
2. =}H qK# Q}HO
3. =^= qK# Q}HO
4. K` ~O qK# Q}HO
234. =}H qK# =~= # U=O\~?
( )
1. "+ = O
2. qK~}
O
3. | l
4. q $u
223.(2)
231.(3)
z~Orq
224.(3) 225.(4)
232.(2) 233.(3)
226.(1) 227.(3) 228.(2) 229.(3) 230.(2)

234.(4)
142
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
235. ~ O_ ^ JO`HO > Z= K< =^ L# O|O^x è* _xH L yOK

^# O.
1. O|OÔ
2. =^QÒ
3. "+ = O
4. q $u
236. H O^ Q}OH ==# ZC_ O K~ (CSO).
1. 1950
2. 1951
3. 1952
4. 1953
237. H O^ Q}OH O (CSO) ^ # H~O ZK@ =Ok?
1. HH`
2. #_b
3. =O
4. ^~^
238. WO_ < \ H W<@
\ (ISI) L# ^ " k?
1. HH`
2. _b
3. =O
4. H
239. <+# O ~ (NSS) ZC_ ~OaOz<~?
1. 1930
2. 1940
3. 1950
4. 1951
240. N.S.S. (National Sample Survey), N.S.S.O. Q ZC_ =iOk?
1. 1960
2. 1965
3. 1970
4. 1975
241. q[#O Q `~`= # `H=_xH Wk L QO.
1. "+ = =
2. Oz` ##= 3. Q" 4. = x
242. H O^ # q=, J q[#=` Q JO Q `_.
1. q~ }
2. "+ = O
3. q $u
4. = x
243. iqH L`` p J<k.
1. ^~ p
2. r=# = p 3. Ja=$k p 4. i=} p
244. ~ _" _ ^ , |@ Q@
A
# H#Q#_xH L`= "# Q@
Uk.
1. JOH=^=O
2. HO
3. Q}=^=O 4. =^ QÒ
245. Oz` ## =H~ Y# D qÔ Q ~ .
1. Fl" =H~ Y
2. # zÒ 3. O=` =H~ Y 4. = x
246. ~Q^ ^ `~ Q^ ~ @# H#Q#_xH Wk L Q_ #.
1. JOH=^=O
2. HO
3. Q}=^=O 4. =^QÒ
247. XH iqH O Q@
"`# O x~~ OK_xH L`= "# Q@
Uk?
1. JOH=^=O
2. HO
3. Q}=^=O 4. =^QÒ
248. HOk "i Q}OHG ` Z=~?
1. ~<
2. ~< + ~
3. H
4. =Q~
235.(1)
243.(4)
z~Orq
236.(2) 237.(2)
244.(2) 245.(1)
Q}OH
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
238.(1) 239.(3) 240.(3) 241.(1) 242.(1)

246.(3) 247.(1) 248.(2)
143
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
249. L=_ Q}` Q@

# D HOk "\ ^xH Q}O KO ?
( )
1. JOH=^=O
2. Q}=^=O 3. ~=^=O 4. =^ QÒ
250. += ^ÒO D HOk "x ^xx O`$ ~ K #?
( )
1. =^Q`= Q > Q =^Q`= 2. =^Q`= Q = Q =^Q`=
3. =^Q`= Q < Q =^Q`= 4. =^Q`= + Q = Q =^Q`=
251. HOk "\ Uk ~ # k
( )
1. JOH=^=O 1 =}H qK#O 68.27%= JOO
2. JOH=^=O 2 =}H qK#O 95.45%= JOO
3. JOH=^=O 3 =}H qK#O 99.73%= JOO
4. = x i #"
252. + ~ p OY O|OkOz i #k.
( )
1. ~, j Q}=^=O
2. Wk P^~ O=`~, ` O=`~ i=}# fO@Ok
3. Wk H i=~# , H~H i=~# sH# O`$ ~ K #
4. = x i #"
253. ="~O #Oz x"~O =~ XH #Q~ Q@
=~Ò 0.3 Inches. Pk"~O JkH =~Ò =
x
Pk"~O =~Ò ZO`?
( )
Q@
=~Ò 0.5 Inches iyOk.
5532==22,J~`
1x
1) 1.2 Inches
2) 1.8 Inches
3) 1.7 Inches
4) 2.0 Inches
254. 5, 8, 13, 7, 6, 3 JOH=^=O.
( )
1) 5
2) 6
3) 7
4) 8
( )
255. U^< ## q[# } GM, HM, AM =#` D qÔ Q LO_#.
1. HM GM AM 2. GM AM HM 3. GM HM AM 4. AM GM HM
256. HO 174, =^QÒ 142 J~` P ^ÒO.
( )
1. ^< `H "+ = O} 2. ~<`H "+ = O} 3. += ^ÒO 4. k <n H^
,
J~< L=_ JOH=^=O ZO`?
( )
257. N = N = 10 =i
1) 6
2) 60
3) 30
4) 3
258. 300 =Ok q^~ J~ GO =~ Q@
45. "^\ 100 =Ok q^~ Q@
70, `~ "`
100 =Ok q^~ Q@
20. qye# 100 =Ok q^~ =~ Q@
ZO`?
( )
1) 30
2) 45
3) 60
4) UnH^
1
249.(4)
257.(3)
z~Orq
250.(2) 251.(4)
258.(2)
252.(4) 253.(3) 254.(3) 255.(4) 256.(2)
144
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
259. =sH$ ` ^ÒxH " gx =^ =`=.
( )
1. z# `~Q u H ZQ= J=k, kQ= J=k =^ `_

2. ^ `~Q u JO`~O H ZQ=, kQ= ==^ =^ `_
3. z# `~Q u JO`~O H kQ= J=k, ^ `~Q u JO`~O H ZQ= J=k =^ `_
4. Un H^
260. [` K =.
261.
( )
Z. Semi-Inter Quartile Range
1.
a. Inter Quartile Range
2.
. Co-efficient of Quartile deviation
3. Q
Q3 Q1
2
3
Q1
1) Z 3, a 2, 1
2) Z 1, a 3, 2
3) Z 2, a 3, 1
4) Z 2, a 1, 3
Variance
1)
(q $u) J#Q.
2)
( )
2M2Q
1QD
D3M
3)
4)
1Q + 3Q
262. p#, i`# [`K

O_.
( )
e 1 (p)
Z. ~ ^~ p
1. Q
a. ~ i=} p
2. Q
. j ^~ p
3. P
_. j i=} p
4. P
1) Z-1, a-2, -3, _-4
2) Z-2, a-3, -4, _-1
3) Z-1, a-4, -2, _-3
4) Z-2, a-3, -1, _-4
259.(3)
z~Orq
e 2 (iÒ)
260.(3) 261.(2)
262.(4)
145
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
27.04.2008# [iy# Endowment

E.O. Examination Economics Paper
1. '} H=#= :
(2)
Range is the measure of :
1. XHQ @

2. q~ }
3. O|OÔ 4. OY p
2. H~ ~< H [ O|O^ Q}H= ^xH =^
(3)
Karl Pearson's co-efficient of correlation lies between :
1. -2 #O_ {2
2. #O #O_ {1 3. -1 #O_ {1 4. ^ n H^
3. ~ M Q}` = '~O*~ Y ^xx J^ #= K # :
(4)
Lorenz curve is a graphic method of studying :
1. O|O^=
2.OY -p 3. Q@

4. q~ }
4. D HOk "x q+ }
KOH= =^ H O|O^= # `=
(3)
which analysis help us to determine the degree of relationship between variables?
1. q~ }
2. OY - p 3. -O|O^= 4. Q@

5. @O| |_@
# H OK q^#=#... ^~ p :
(3)
Family budget method is a method to calculate .... price index.
1. \^~
2. z~
3. qxQ^~x 4. ^ n H^
6. ` =-Z= q= Hey# JO= =^ JO`~= # :
(4)
The difference between the value of the smallest item and the value of the largest item included in
the distribution is called :
1. =^ ==
2. =^ Q`=
3. su
4. "
7. D HOk "x U OM G H=#= Ju^ =i z# q= =# qÒH^
(1)
Which one of the following statistical measures is not affected by extremely large or small values?
1. =^ Q`=
2. ~ =^ == 3. Q}H =~ 4. =}H qK#O
8. D HOk "x U ^~ zH = O=`~=# ~=Q fH<^~ :
(2)
The price index that uses base year quantities as weights is called :
1. j p
2. ~ p
9. '=~@ K@= # Z=~ =$ki z<~?
3. + ~ p
4. \ ^~ p
(2)
Who developed the 'Market Law' ?
1. P_" `
z~Orq
2. *.a.
3. \.P~.=
146
4. _q_ iH~
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
10. =^# Lù x+u J#Q :
(2)
Capital - output ratio refers to :
1. =^# Px O^~ @HQ =^# =

2. XH x\ Lùx K @HQ =^# x@
3. qxQ == # Lù K @HQ =^# x@
11. ''Hh H+ =~` Ô`=# Z=~ ukOz<~?
4. ^ n H^
(1)
The 'critical minimum effort' theory is put forth by :
1. K.| < <

2. ~l<< ~_< 3. _| .Z.q
12. 'H\ H - ==# Z=~ "_<~ :
4. *.K.H
(4)
The 'demonstration effect' was coined by :
1. *< ~a#<
2. *.H .Q` 3. *.ZO.H<
13. Z=~ ''= q[ ## =~@ iq`= Jxi :
4. *" _< s
(1)
The statement "The division of labour is limited by the extent of the market" is given by :
1. P_" `
2. *.a.
14. Oè` =$k J#Q :
3. _q_ iH~
4. P _ =~
(3)
Balanced growth means :
1. Lù = - ` H \~O
2. =#~ H \~O =# O
3. PiH == x Jx Q= H="# =$k
4. qq^ ~OQ= =$k ["# =$k
15. q+==x U JO= :
(3)
The vicious circle argument points the connection between :
1. P^= =i [<
2. @|_ =i OHuH
3. L`^H` =i P^=
4. ^ =i =^# =
16. L^=^~_ ^x` ^Qi O|O^= H^ :
(1)
Entrepreneurship is most closely associated with :
1. #= H#
2. #`# H#
3. ==~ ^ `
4. >H- F=~ ...
17. XH ^= H Ja=$k ~ @ x~
O= :
(4)
A country's rate of growth is determined by the :
1. Q@
^ =$u
3. ~ ~ ^~ K@=
z~Orq
2. - y~H PK^#
4. =^~ gH~}
~ @
147
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
18. ~ O_= OK=~ }oH Z=~ ==?
(2)
The Second Five year Plan of India was based on :
1. ~_ -_=~ #=<
2. = <a - #=<
3. ~* =i < #=<
4. =< #=<
19. 'rq` zH uH H}
= (PQLI) ^x P^~_ ##k?
(1)
The physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) is based on :
1. JH~ ` `=, =~}= =i rq` H=

2. i_ P~
, h~ Q$=u =i P~Q =
3. i` =` , q^ =i OH = H~H==
4. = h#
20. Ja=$k P~O ^ [<-q@#= ZO^=# [~Q# :
(2)
In the initial stages of development, population explosion occurs primarily due to :
1. [#< ~ @ f= =$k
3. [## =i =~} ~ @ `~ Q^
21. PiHa=$k 'Ô^`= J#Q
2. =~} ~ @ `Q ^
4. = ~ @ ~Q^
(2)
Dualism in development economies refers to :
1. Ô^ ^~ q^#=
2. #= =i O^ ~OQ=O_@ =#
3. " @
=i ` ~OQ= =Hb#=Q O_@ =#
4. ==Q` " # =i J==Q` " # == =Hb#=Q O_@ =#
22. D HOk"x Uk Z= '=O^ -J#|OÔ O|OkOz#k :
(3)
Which among the following has the highest forward linkage?
1. `
2. P~^ #= 3. W#= - L 4. O`=
23. +O@~, PiHa=$k ^xH ^#qK~?
(3)
For economic development, Schumpeter gives importance to :
1. ~ u ^~
2. L^=^~ 3. #=H#
4. #`# He`
24. ~ ^ O~ L^y` =`=# Z=~ ukOK~?( 2 )
The term 'Golden age of full employment equilibrium' has been coined by :
1. l. q~
z~Orq
2. *. ~a<<
3. =~
148
4. *.ZO.H<
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
A.P.P.S.C
GROUP - II 2008
1. 2006 O. " \# *f Qg} Lk ^H = H x*# ijeO=?
Z) < }=x "iH 100 ~A Lk Q~O\ ^H =
a) H O^ `= D ^H = #_Òk.
) D ^H = *f P~= H^ x J< ^H = H#k.
_) Qg} O` P ~H # J<k D ^H O =Y H O.
"\:
1) Z, a =i i #q
2) a, =i _ i #q
3) Z, a =i _ i #q
4) Z, =i _ i #q
2. ~`^ = H s "`= ZQ=` ZH_H " K#q?
3) .Z.Z. 4) .Z.W.
1) WOQO_ (U.K.) 2) K<
3. Ju ` = eOQ x+u (, ~+) Q ~+= ?
1) H~
2) `q<_
3) PO^^ 4) i<
4. J<H ~H `= Z=Q P^~_ k
1) J} q^`
2) ^~ q^`
3) =# q^` 4) [ q^`
5. "~= =# iQ = O_@ =# "~= O_@
1) ~H ^ =^ "~=
2) ~Q"i =^ "~=
3) ^ =^ "~= O_@
4) "~= =# iQ = H =@O =# "~= O_@
6. ~` Ô J`kH= Q Q# Lù K ~+= Uk?
1) " OQ
2) =^ ^
3) Xi
4) c~
7. RBI H ` Q=~~ Z=~?
1) ~OQ~[<
2) ". a.~_
3) J"e 4) _H~ =<"< OQ
8. ^ ^xH ux^ = =O k.
1) P^ KH " ~Q^
2) <`HOQ# =i |}`HOQ#
3) KH "= `~ Q^
4) q Un H^
9. ^H O_= OK=~ }oH =$k ~ @ H = (\~\ ) ZO`?
1) 7%
2) 8.5%
3) 9%
4) 9.2%
10. ~ O_ ~OQ #=< =Ò LO_\xH H=# i`
1) q+ P^= q+ ==
2) ^ @|_
3) ZQ=` kQ=`
4) # ` ==
11. D HOk "\ XH\ ^=O +O K U*h H^
1) @O|= =i ~|_ 2) "}[ O 3) H O^ O 4) `=
z~Orq
149
(4)
(3)
(4)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(1)
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
12. XH i= ZC_ M~ _ Òk.

(1)
1) x~O`~O Q qQ Lù O_=@ 2) P^ ~|_ J#Q}OQ ^= "= ~Q@
3) Y~ Q qye# LO_=# ^xH< ` = LO_@
4) ^# = ^~ H< K ^~ ^# =# Z=Q fH< L#Y`
13. XH PiH == " \ aH ~OQ r=<x U=x ~ ?
(4)
1) xO`} PiH ==
2) @|_^s q^#=
3) =^ O`~ ~OQ=
4) q= PiH ==
14. LO` == q iqu
(1)
1) XH H~ HO> ` =
2) XH\ =i ~ O_ H~ =^
3) ~ O_ #O_ <Q H~ =^
3) <Q #O_ k H~ =^
15. PiH J=#`# `yO K ` H û D HOk "\ Uk?
(4)
2) O^ #
1) =~} (Estate) OH=
3) P^ #
4) == q Qi+ iqu
16. *f P^= Z= "`= U ~OQ= #O_ =KK#k?
(2)
1) ` ~OQ= 2) " @
~OQ= 3) xH ~OQ= 4) " \ Un H^
17. qxQ^~x qQ J< =# U q^#= L Q_ Òk?
(2)
1) ^= q^#=
2) # q^#=
3) @|_ q^#=
4) H~H u x~~ OK_O
18. _| .*. = L^ H~= ` H ^= _=O_ g\ P^~_ #
(1)
1) P^= =i =_ ~ @
2) =_ ~ @ =i O_ ^~
3) ^= =i P^=
4) =_ ~ @ =i ^=
19. i[~ O P WO_ XH\ ` Jx H~ h <@# *s K O k.
(4)
1) 500 ~ <@
2) 100 ~ <@
3) 10 ~ <@
4) 1 ~~ <@
(4)
20. NABARD _~ Q g\H # (JC) WO k.
1) z# ~ ` 2) Q= "~ 3) z# "~ 4) " \ ^xH H^
21. WO_
_=" O\ OH P WO_ J<k XH
(3)
1) P~.a.S H H O
2) P~.a.S H Q=
3) Ò` ` ~OQ O
4) " @
~OQ O
22. ~`^ O \~ =i i= =Y"# `# +OKK#q ZO^H#Q
(4)
1) L^Q J=H= OO^K#q 2) PiH H H OnH~}
`yO KK#q
3) PiH J=#` `yO KK#q
4) = x
z~Orq
150
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
23. ~`^ O #QsH~}

~Q\ xH H~}"q\?
(4)
1) #Q~O i= =i "~= ~Q@=# 2) Qg} O` JkH [< =u_
3) == ~OQ= J L`^H`
4) = x
24. ~`^ O ^~ ~Q^ ==
(4)
2) @|_ u ==
1) BoP # u ==
3) P^ J=#`
4) = x
25. Zxq^= OK=~ }oH "^ \# k U O=`~= ?
(3)
1) [#=i 1, 1989 2) [#=i 1, 1990 3) U 1, 1992 4) U 1, 1991
26. ~` *f P^= ^q H ~OQ= H =z` `= ZO`?
( )
1) 40
2) 50
3) 60
4) 70 i# =^#= 20%
27. ~`^ }oH O K~ <
(2)
1) ~` _O @
2) ~` ^ x
3) PiH =Ou
4) =Q~ ~>+< (XHi `~` XH~ =O`) û
28. P~= =i Z~= a_ g\ Wq_ L<~?
(2)
1) =^# =O 2) ~ "# =O 3) q^# |}= 4) =x
29. H O^ `= H @|_ = ^ =^~=# `=.
(1)
1) =~@ |} 2) |~` |} 3) z# ^ 4) q_O\ O _
30. ~`^ O Z= @}
Hey# ~+= Uk?
(4)
1) =~+ 2) L`~ ^ 3) =^ ^ 4) `q<_
31. P^= =i == O|OkOz# ` q^<x U=x ~ ?
(4)
1) ^= q^#= 2) "~ q^#= 3) PiH q^#= 4) H q^#=
32. D HOk "\x [` ~ K= :
(3)
Z) <Q~# Q~
1) " OQ
a) ~_
2. Xi
) ^"^~ "b
3) PO^^
4) H~@H
Z a
1) 1 2
3
2) 4 3
2
3) 3 2
1
4) 2 1
4
z~Orq
151
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530
ECONOMY
33. ~`^ = H ~ O_= OK=~ }oH ~ H# K# k Z=~?

(2)
1) |#O^ 2) =<a 3) ~__=~ 4) KH=i
34. U OK=~ }oH PtOz# =$k ~ @ qOz# "= =$k ~ @ LO_#k.
(1)
1) "^\ # 2) ~ O_= # 3) S^= # 4) U_= #
35. D HOk "x i= n~H eH q`x JOkOK O Uk?
(1)
1) S._.a.S. 2) Z.a.S. 3) Z.S.. 4) P~.a.S.
36. ~` Ô a\+ i< H= D HOk "x Uk B^yH @|_ =i = "}[=#
Qi H|_^ .
(3)
1) OH x ` s== ~`= kQ=`
2) ~` kQ=` a\+" ~ qkOz# Z= H" OH
3) ~ x~}=# a\+" ~ K# PiH =
4) [#<~ i= a\+" ~ \# Z= @|_
37. ~` ^= Ò`= ~H=O^ "^\ iQ *u^x H Oz#^=~?
(4)
1) Z".Z<.~ 2) q.H.P~.q.~" 3) H .Z<.~* 4) ^^ <~l
38. D HOk "x ~`^ = a\+ i< =O QiOz Uk x[= H^?
(2)
1) ` s == # O_ kQ=u K H#@
2) # O_ ~` <` == .H. kQ=u
3) a\+" ~ ~`= [#<~ i=# Ja=$k ~K @
4) ~` ^= \~ =i z#`~ i= `y =@
39. îHO ` H PH=} J< =~K# D HOk "\ XH\ QO H^
(4)
1) =Q Qg} Ja=$k ^H =
2) [=~ ~[Q~ [<
3) *f Qg} L^Q ^H =
4) @O| xO`} ^H =
40. ~`^ O Z= "Ò "~= K ^
(4)
1) D ~ < ^
2) XH (OPEC) ^
3) Ja=$k KOk# XH (OPEC) Hx ^
4) _.W.._.^
41. u (H H#) J<k
(3)
1) H#|\ "q H`
2) H# "q H` H =_O
3) xi+" # "\x TOK H
4) ^x Un H^
42. Lù H~H ^$ *fùH# =~\ ^~ *fù Z=Q LO_@ H~}O ( 3 )
1) ~H #
2) a_
3) ~H # a_
4) ~H #{a_
z~Orq
152
Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

Economy 2

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Economy 2

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ECONOMY

Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

q+}` _# q=~} (D x\ O|OkOz).. 03

_) One word Questions ............................................

_) One word Questions..............................................

Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

CIVIL SERVICES 2008 - ECONOMICS

1.e 1 (=#)#, e 2 (q=~})` [`K H_# LyOz i# =^<x Z#H#O_.

Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

~Q~ #~ O`e`=$k ^O`x

~*< < ~_< aQ + ^O`x

Z.F. ~=< JO`e` =$k ^O`x Ja=$k Ki .

4. <= OK=~ }oH

~_-_=~ #=< P^~OQ "^\ OK=~ }oH

=<a< #=< P^~OQ ~ O_= OK=~ }oH

JH "` #=< P^~OQ =_= OK=~ }oH

JH ~^ =i Alan-S.Manne #=< P^OQ 4= OK=~ }oH ~OkOK|_Ok.

ì P^ ^$HÔ 1960 O^ ^$HÔ

Hh J=~ ^$H^O 1970 O K OH

=#= Ja=$k p ^$H^O 1990 UNDP

Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

=$k Ja=$kH O|OkOz, HOk "x ^xx =$kQ ~.

^ *f^O ~Q^ =$k. J~` Wk [< ~Q^ "x iQ}#xH fH^.

Two - GAP model

~O_ JO`~O\~. nxH O|OkOz, HOk "x i#k Uk

Z) "#H|_# ^ @|_H i_# O` ^ O H^. nxx ^ @|_ =^

"^\ ^x ^ JO`~O Jx, ~ O_=^x q^j =~H ^= JO`~= x ~ . H|\ (2)

8. XH ^`OO =^Q`O 20.6 =i HO 26 J~` ^x JOH =^=O

Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

~O* =H~Y ^xx J^#O K@ LQ_#

=}H qK#O Q.D 2/3 =O` LO@Ok.

=}H qK#O M.D 4/5 =O` LO@Ok.

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Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

Cell : 9490942125, 9959513530

CIVIL SERVICES 2009 - ECONOMICS

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1990 U.N.D.P "~ ~OkOz# =#"a=$k ~ O_ O H JO XH\ PiH JOO Q=.

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3) =~@ q^ (Law of markets)

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