CONSTRAINT

ANALYSIS

CONSTRAINT

FACTOR

SHELL AND TUBE

HEAT EXCHANGER

DOUBLE PIPE HEAT

EXCHANGER

ECONOMICS

30

25

20

MANUFACTURABILITY

20

15

17

SUSTAINABILITY

10

EFFICIENCY

20

17

13

HEALTH AND SAFETY

10

ENVIRONMENTAL

10

TOTAL

100

82

74

ECONOMIC CONSTRAINT
Economic considerations include the costing of the equipment. Costs are obtained from
trusted suppliers and comparison is made using the designs of each exchanger.
Manufacturing cost is reported from the lowest bidder. Other costs to be considered are
labor cost, installation cost, maintenance cost, annual depreciation, inflation rate
adjustment, and the cost of instrumentation and process control and the acquisition,
installation, and maintenance of such devices.

MANUFACTURABILITY CONSTRAINT
Manufacturability is measured according to the degree of complexity of the design. Basic
points noted are the number of tubes required, the diameter of the tubes and shells, the
heat transfer area needed, the availability of the materials of construction, and the sizing
of flanges, gaskets, nozzles, and bolts. The thicknesses of the components are also
considered. The design should meet TEMA standards and other standards for the
specification of heat exchanger design.

SUSTAINABILITY CONSTRAINT

Sustainability
constraint
involves the ease of maintenance and
operation of the equipment. Some key points are in cleaning the tubes and shells,
maintenance of instrumentation and control devices, the ease of replacing any worn
parts, and the adaptability of the design to changing industrial demands.

EFFICIENCY CONSTRAINT
This involves the overall efficiency of the equipment in delivering the desired
temperature of the outgoing fluid (product).

HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSTRAINT

Health constraint involves the effect on the overall health status of the people that will
be working directly and indirectly with the equipment. That includes possible risks and
occupational health hazards that the workers might be exposed. Safety constraint deal
with the accompanying hazards that the equipment may bring. This shall include the
agreement of the design with the standards set by TEMA and other known agencies.
Data can be obtained from literatures citing Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP).

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINT
Environmental constraint involves the environmental risks associated with the design of
the equipment. It includes the compliance of the design with existing local and
environmental laws.