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~=— Chapter Outline
4d ScienceandSantaClaus 82
4.2 Continental Drift. 83
4.3. Evidence from the Seafloor
44 Plate Tectonics
g
CChapter Snapshot: lates of the World 96
.5 PlateBoundaries 102
46 TheBigPicture 1094.1 Science and Santa Claus ab
Key Points
+ Afundamental change in the way we think about
something is called a paradigm shift
+ The surface of Earth is different from the exterior of the
other terrestrial planets.
+ The theory of plate tectonics divides the outer portion
of Earth into plates and explains the distribution of
‘mountain ranges, earthquakes, and volcanoes.
‘When I was seven years old, I asked Santa Claus to bring me a
voleano for Christmas. It seemed like an innocent enough request
at the time. As I looked around, I couldn't help noticing that the
relatively modest landscape around our house could benefit from
an interesting landform or two, To my young imagination, no land-
form was more interesting than a volcano. Of course, I wanted
4 fully operational volcano, with batteries and magma included,
Needless to say, I was underwhelmed by the toy trucks and socks
that showed up under the tree that year.
It was not too much later that one of my schoolmates in-
formed me that Santa Claus was, in fact, a mythical figure, and that
I should be taking any requests for volcanoes directly to my parents,
As [ adapted to this new version of Santa Claus reality,
underwent a personal paradigm shift,
A paradigm is a generally accepted
View of how some aspect ofthe world works,
A paradigm shift occurs when we un-
dergo a fundamental change in our
view or rethink our understanding
of a basic concept. We discussed
famous example of a scientific
paradigm shift in Chapter 2: the
change from the geocentric to the
beliocentric explanation of Earth's
relationship to the sun. This chap-
ter describes another key para-