Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

CH :

TH TCH KHI A DIN

MT S CNG THC GII TAM GIC & CNG THC TNH DIN
TCH

1. H thc lng trong tam gic vung : Cho ABC vung A ta c :

nh l Pitago : BC 2 AB 2 AC 2
BA2 BH .BC; CA2 CH .CB
AB. AC = BC. AH
1
1
1

2
2
AH
AB
AC 2
AH2 = BH.CH

c
B

h
c

BC = 2AM
b
c
b
c
sin B , cosB , tan B , cot B
a
a
c
b
b = a. sinB = a.cosC, c = a. sinC = a.cosB, a =

b
b
,

sin B cos C

b = c. tanB = c.cot C
2.H thc lng trong tam gic thng:
* nh l hm s Csin:
a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc.cosA
a
b
c

2R
* nh l hm s Sin:
sin A sin B sin C
3. Cc cng thc tnh din tch.
a/ Cng thc tnh din tch tam gic:

1
a.ha
2
1
a.b.c
p.r
S = a.b sin C
2
4R
S

c bit : * ABC vung A : S

p.( p a )( p b)( p c) vi p
1
AB. AC
2

a2 3
* ABC u cnh a: S
4
b/ Din tch hnh vung : S = cnh x cnh
c/ Din tch hnh ch nht : S = di x rng

1
(cho di x cho ngn)
2
1
d/ Din tch hnh thang : S (y ln + y nh) x chiu cao
2
d/ Din tch hnh thoi : S =

e/ Din tch hnh bnh hnh : S = y x chiu cao

f/ Din tch hnh trn : S .R 2

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M b

abc
2

Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

QUAN H SONG SONG QUAN H VUNG GC

A.QUAN H SONG SONG

1. NG THNG V MT PHNG SONG SONG
L1:Nu ng thng d khng
nm trn mp(P) v song song vi
ng thng a nm trn mp(P)
th ng thng d song song vi
mp(P)

d (P)

d/ /a d/ /(P)
a (P)

L2: Nu ng thng a song

song vi mp(P) th mi mp(Q)
cha a m ct mp(P) th ct theo
giao tuyn song song vi a.

a/ /(P)

a (Q)

(P) (Q) d

L3: Nu hai mt phng ct

nhau cng song song vi mt
ng thng th giao tuyn ca
chng song song vi ng
thng .

a
(P)

(Q)

d/ /a

a
d

(P)

(P) (Q) d

(P)/ /a
(Q)/ /a

d/ /a

a
Q

2. HAI MT PHNG SONG SONG

L1: Nu mp(P) cha hai
ng thng a, b ct nhau v
cng song song vi mt phng
(Q) th (P) v (Q) song song
vi nhau.

a,b (P)

(P)/ /(Q)
a b I
a/ /(Q),b/ /(Q)

L2: Nu mt ng thng
nm mt trong hai mt phng
song song th song song vi mt
phng kia.
L3: Nu hai mt phng (P) v
(Q) song song th mi mt
phng (R) ct (P) th phi ct
(Q) v cc giao tuyn ca chng
song song.

(P) / /(Q)
a/ /(Q)

(P)

a
P b I
Q
a
P
Q
R

(P) / /(Q)

(R) (P) a a/ /b
(R) (Q) b

a
b

B.QUAN H VUNG GC
1.NG THNG VUNG GC VI MT PHNG
L1: Nu ng thng d vung
gc vi hai ng thng ct nhau
a v b cng nm trong mp(P) th
ng thng d vung gc vi
mp(P).

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Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

d a ,d b

a ,b mp(P) d mp(P)
a,b catnhau

L2: (Ba ng vung gc) Cho

ng thng a khng vung gc
vi mp(P) v ng thng b nm
trong (P). Khi , iu kin cn
v b vung gc vi a l b
vung gc vi hnh chiu a ca a
trn (P).

a mp(P),b mp(P)
b a b a'

a'

2. HAI MT PHNG VUNG GC

L1:Nu mt mt phng cha
mt ng thng vung gc
vi mt mt phng khc th hai
mt phng vung gc vi
nhau.

a mp(P)

a mp(Q)

L2:Nu hai mt phng (P) v

(Q) vung gc vi nhau th bt
c ng thng a no nm
trong (P), vung gc vi giao
tuyn ca (P) v (Q) u vung
gc vi mt phng (Q).
L3: Nu hai mt phng (P) v
(Q) vung gc vi nhau v A l
mt im trong (P) th ng
thng a i qua im A v vung
gc vi (Q) s nm trong (P)

mp(Q) mp(P)
P

(P) (Q)

(P) (Q) d a (Q)

a (P),a d

d
P

(P) (Q)

a
A

A (P)
a (P)

a (Q)
L4: Nu hai mt phng ct
nhau v cng vung gc vi
mt phng th ba th giao tuyn
ca chng vung gc vi mt
phng th ba.

(P) (Q) a

(P) (R) a (R)

(Q) (R)

3. KHONG CCH
1. Khong cch t 1 im ti 1 ng thng , n 1 mt
phng:
Khong cch t im M n ng thng a (hoc n mt
phng (P)) l khong cch gia hai im M v H, trong
H l hnh chiu ca im M trn ng thng a ( hoc trn
mp(P))

d(O; a) = OH; d(O; (P)) = OH

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H
P

Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

2. Khong cch gia ng thng v mt phng song
song:
Khong cch gia ng thng a v mp(P) song song vi a
l khong cch t mt im no ca a n mp(P).
d(a;(P)) = OH

3. Khong cch gia hai mt phng song song:

l khong cch t mt im bt k trn mt phng ny n
mt phng kia.
d((P);(Q)) = OH

Q
a

4.Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau:

l di on vung gc chung ca hai ng thng .
d(a;b) = AB

4. GC
1. Gc gia hai ng thng a v b
l gc gia hai ng thng a v b cng i qua mt im
v ln lt cng phng vi a v b.

a'

b'

2. Gc gia ng thng a khng vung gc vi mt

phng (P)
l gc gia a v hnh chiu a ca n trn mp(P).
c bit: Nu a vung gc vi mt phng (P) th ta ni
rng gc gia ng thng a v mp(P) l 900.

a'

3. Gc gia hai mt phng

l gc gia hai ng thng ln lt vung gc vi hai mt
phng .
Hoc l gc gia 2 ng thng nm trong 2 mt phng
cng vung gc vi giao tuyn ti 1 im

4. Din tch hnh chiu: Gi S l din tch ca a gic (H)

trong mp(P) v S l din tch hnh chiu (H) ca (H) trn
mp(P) th

S' Scos

trong l gc gia hai mt phng (P),(P).

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Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

TH TCH KHI A DIN MT NN, MT TR, MT CU

I/ CC CNG THC TH TCH CA KHI A DIN :

V = B.h

1. TH TCH KHI LNG TR:

(B: Sy ; h: chiu cao)

Th tch khi hp ch nht:

V = a.b.c
(a,b,c l ba kch thc)

V = a3

Th tch khi lp phng:

vi a l di cnh

(a l di cnh)

1
3

V= Bh

2. TH TCH KHI CHP:

(B: Sy ; h: chiu cao)

S
C'
A'

3. T S TH TCH T DIN

VSABC
SA SB SC

VSA' B 'C '

SA' SB ' SC '

B'
C
B

A'

B'
C'

4. TH TCH KHI CHP CT:

h
( B B ' B.B ' )
3

5. KHI NN

1
1
V = Bh= r 2h
3
3
Sxq = rl

V = Bh = r 2h

6. KHI TR

7. KHI CU

Sxq = 2 rl

V=

4 3
r
3

S = 4 r 2

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Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

Ch :
1/ ng cho ca hnh vung cnh a l d = a 2 ,
ng cho ca hnh lp phng cnh a l d = a 3 ,
ng cho ca hnh hp ch nht c 3 kch thc a, b, c l d =
2/ ng cao ca tam gic u cnh a l h =

a 2 b2 c 2 ,

a 3
2

3/ Hnh chp u l hnh chp c y l a gic u v cc cnh bn u bng nhau (hoc c y l a gic u, hnh
chiu ca nh trng vi tm ca y).
4/ Lng tr u l lng tr ng c y l a gic u.

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Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

II/ CC DNG TON

Loi 1: TH TCH LNG TR
1. Dng 1: Khi lng tr ng c chiu cao hay cnh y
V d 1: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic ABC vung cn ti A c cnh BC = a 2 v bit A'B
= 3a. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
Li gii:
Ta c

VABC

vung cn ti A nn AB = AC = a
ABC A'B'C' l lng tr ng AA ' AB

VAA 'B AA '2 A 'B2 AB2 8a2

AA ' 2a 2
Vy V = B.h = SABC .AA' = a3 2

V d 2: Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD.ABCD' c cnh bn bng 4a v ng cho 5a. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
?
Li gii:
ABCD A'B'C'D' l lng tr ng nn
BD2 = BD'2 - DD'2 = 9a2 BD 3a

C'

D'
A'

ABCD l hnh vung

B'
4a

5a
C

Suy ra B = SABCD =

AB

9a2
4

3a
2

Vy V = B.h = SABCD.AA' = 9a3

A

V d 3: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u cnh a = 4 v bit din tch tam gic ABC
bng 8. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
Li gii:
Gi I l trung im BC .Ta c
V ABC u nn

C'

A'
B'

AI

C
I
B

AB 3
2 3 & AI BC
2

A 'I BC(dl3 )
2S
1
SA'BC BC.A 'I A 'I A'BC 4
2
BC
AA ' (ABC) AA ' AI .
VA 'AI AA ' A 'I 2 AI 2 2
Vy : VABC.ABC = SABC .AA'= 8 3

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Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

V d 4: Mt tm ba hnh vung c cnh 44 cm, ngi ta ct b i mi gc tm ba mt hnh vung cnh 12 cm ri

gp li thnh mt ci hp ch nht khng c np. Tnh th tch ci hp ny.
C'

D'

A'

D'

C'

D'

A'

A'

B'

B'
D

Gii
Theo bi, ta c
AA' = BB' = CC' = DD' = 12 cm nn ABCD l hnh
C' vung c
AB = 44 cm - 24 cm = 20 cm
v chiu cao hp h = 12 cm
Vy th tch hp l
V = SABCD.h = 4800cm3
B'

V d 5: Cho hnh hp ng c y l hnh thoi cnh a v c gc nhn bng 600 ng cho ln ca y bng ng
cho nh ca lng tr.Tnh th tch hnh hp .

C'

D'

v SABCD = 2SABD =

B'

A'

60

a2 3
2

a 3
a 3
2
VDD'B DD' BD'2 BD 2 a 2
a3 6
Vy V = SABCD.DD' =
2

Theo bi BD' = AC =

D
A

Li gii:
Ta c tam gic ABD u nn : BD = a

2. Dng 2: Lng tr c gc gia ng thng v mt phng

V d 1: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit A'B hp
vi y ABC mt gc 600 .Tnh th tch lng tr.
C'

A'

C
60o

gc[A 'B,(ABC)]
ABA ' 60o
VABA ' AA ' AB.tan 600 a 3
1
a2
SABC = BA.BC
2
2
3
a 3
Vy V = SABC.AA' =
2
Vy

B'

Li gii:
Ta c A 'A (ABC) A 'A AB& AB l hnh chiu ca A'B
trn y ABC .

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Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

= 60 o bit BC'
V d 2: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A vi AC = a , ACB
hp vi (AA'C'C) mt gc 300. Tnh AC' v th tch lng tr.

A'

Li gii:

C'

VABC AB AC.tan60o a 3 .

Ta c:

AB AC;AB AA ' AB (AA 'C'C)

B'

nn AC' l hnh chiu ca BC' trn (AA'C'C).

Vy gc[BC';(AA"C"C)] =
BC'A = 30o

o
30

VAC'B AC'

AB
3a
tan30o

V =B.h = SABC.AA'

a
o
60
B

VAA 'C' AA ' AC'2 A 'C'2 2a 2

2
VABC l na tam gic u nn SABC a 3
2
3
Vy V = a 6

V d 3: Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh av ng cho BD' ca lng tr hp
vi y ABCD mt gc 300. Tnh th tch v tng din tch ca cc mt bn ca lng tr .
Gii:
Ta c ABCD A'B'C'D' l lng tr ng nn ta c:
DD' (ABCD) DD' BD v BD l hnh chiu ca BD' trn ABCD .

B'

C'
A'

D'

Vy gc [BD';(ABCD)] =
DBD' 300
o
30

C
D

VBDD' DD' BD.tan 300

Vy V = SABCD.DD' =

a3 6
3

a 6
3

S = 4SADD'A' =

4a 2 6
3

o
V d 4: Cho hnh hp ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v
BAD = 60 bit AB' hp vi y
(ABCD) mt gc 30o .Tnh th tch ca hnh hp.

VABD u cnh a SABD

A'

D'

60

o
30
A

Gii

C'

B'

o
a

a2 3
4

a2 3
SABCD 2SABD
2
VABB' vung tiB BB' ABtan30o a 3
3a3
Vy V B.h SABCD .BB'
2

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Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

3. Dng 3: Lng tr c gc gia 2 mt phng

V d 1: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit (A'BC)
hp vi y (ABC) mt gc 600 .Tnh th tch lng tr.

A'

C'

gc[(A 'BC),(ABC)]
ABA ' 60o
VABA ' AA ' AB.tan 600 a 3
1
a2
SABC = BA.BC
2
2
3
a 3
Vy V = SABC.AA' =
2
Vy

B'

Li gii:
Ta c A 'A (ABC)& BC AB BC A 'B

60o
B

V d 2: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u . Mt (ABC) to vi y mt gc 30 0 v din tch

tam gic ABC bng 8. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
Gii: VABC u AI BC m AA' (ABC) nn A'I BC (l 3
).
'IA = 30o
Vy gc[(A'BC);)ABC)] = A

C'

A'

2x 3
x 3 .Ta c
2
2 AI 2 x 3
A' AI : A' I AI : cos 30 0

2x
3
3

B'

30o

Gi s BI = x AI

xI

3
x
3
Vy VABC.ABC = CI.AI.AA = x3 3
M SABC = BI.AI = x.2x = 8 x 2
AA = AI.tan 300 =

x 3.

Do VABC.ABC = 8

V d 3: Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD A'B'C'D' c cnh y a v mt phng (BDC') hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc

60o.Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.

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Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

D'

C'

A'

B'

60 0

Gi O l tm ca ABCD . Ta c
ABCD l hnh vung nn OC BD
CC' (ABCD) nn OC' BD (l 3 ). Vy gc[(BDC');(ABCD)] =

= 60o
COC'
Ta c V = B.h = SABCD.CC'
ABCD l hnh vung nn SABCD = a2

VOCC' vung nn CC' = OC.tan60o = a 6

2
3
a 6
Vy V =
2

V d 4: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AA' = 2a ; mt phng (A'BC) hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 60o
v A'C hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 30o .Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.

(ABCD) AC l hnh chiu ca A'C trn (ABCD) .

Vy gc[A'C,(ABCD)] =
A 'CA 30o
Ta c AA'

D'

A'

BC AB BC A'B (l 3 ) .
Vy gc[(A'BC),(ABCD)] =
A 'BA 60o

C'

B'
2a

o
60

A
o
30

VA 'AC AC = AA'.cot30o = 2a 3
2a 3
VA 'AB AB = AA'.cot60o =
3
4a 6
VABC BC AC2 AB2
3
3
16a 2
Vy V = AB.BC.AA' =
3

4. Dng 4: Khi lng tr xin

V d 1: Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a , bit cnh bn l
y ABC mt gc 60o .Tnh th tch lng tr.
A'

C'
B'

v hp vi

Li gii:
Ta c C'H (ABC) CH l hnh chiu ca CC' trn (ABC)

gc[CC',(ABC)]
C'CH 60o
3a
VCHC' C'H CC'.sin 600
2
2
a 3 .Vy V = S .C'H = 3a 3 3
SABC =
ABC
4
8
Vy

a 3

o
60
H

V d 2: Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a . Hnh chiu ca A' xung (ABC) l
tm O ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC bit AA' hp vi y ABC mt gc 60 .
1) Chng minh rng BB'C'C l hnh ch nht.
2) Tnh th tch lng tr .

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Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

A'

Li gii:
1) Ta c

C'

Vy

Ta c BB'CC' l hnh bnh hnh ( v mt bn ca lng tr)

AO BC ti trung im H ca BC nn BC A 'H (l 3 )
BC (AA 'H) BC AA ' m AA'//BB' nn BC BB'
.Vy BB'CC' l hnh ch nht.

B'

2
2a 3 a 3
AO AH

3
3 2
3
VAOA ' A 'O AO t an60o a
a3 3
Vy V = SABC.A'O =
4

60 o
a

A 'O (ABC) OA l hnh chiu ca AA' trn (ABC)

' 60o
gc[AA ',(ABC)] OAA

2) VABC u nn

H
B

V d 3: Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD c y l hnh ch nht vi AB =

3 AD = 7 .Hai mt bn (ABBA) v

(ADDA) ln lt to vi y nhng gc 450 v 600. . Tnh th tch khi hp nu bit cnh bn bng 1.

D'
C'

Li gii:
K AH ( ABCD ) ,HM

AB, HN AD
A' M AB, A' N AD (l 3 )

'NH 60o

A 'MH 45o,A

A'

t AH = x . Khi

B'

AN = x : sin 600 =

D
C
N

AN =

3 4x 2
AA' A' N
HM
3
2

M HM = x.cot 450 = x

A
M

2x

3 4x 2
x
3

Ngha l x =

3
7

Vy VABCD.ABCD = AB.AD.x
=

3. 7.

3
3
7

LOI 2: TH TCH KHI CHP

1. Dng 1: Khi chp c cnh bn vung gc vi y
V d 1: Cho hnh chp SABC c SB = SC = BC = CA = a . Hai mt (ABC) v (ASC) cng vung gc vi (SBC). Tnh
th tch hnh chp .

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Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

Li gii:
Ta c

(ABC) (SBC)

a_

(ASC) (SBC)

/
/

Do

\
S

AC (SBC)

1
1 a2 3
a3 3
V SSBC .AC
a
3
3 4
12

V d 2: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi AC = a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v
SB hp vi y mt gc 60o.
1) Chng minh cc mt bn l tam gic vung .
2)Tnh th tch hnh chp .
Li gii:
1) SA (ABC) SA AB &SA AC
m BC AB BC SB ( l 3 ).
Vy cc mt bn chp l tam gic vung.
2) Ta c SA (ABC) AB l hnh chiu ca SB trn (ABC).

Vy gc[SB,(ABC)] =
SAB 60o .

A
60o

VABC vung cn nn BA = BC =
SABC =

1
a2
BA.BC
2
4

a
2

a 6
2
2
1
1a a 6 a3 6
V SABC .SA

3
34 2
24

VSAB SA AB.tan60o

Vy

V d 3: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v (SBC) hp vi
y (ABC) mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp .
Li gii: Ml trung im ca BC,v tam gic ABC u nn AM BC
SA BC (l3 ) .
Vy gc[(SBC);(ABC)] =
SMA 60o .

Ta c V =
C

M
B

3a
2
3
1
1
a 3
B.h SABC.SA
3
3
8

VSAM SA AM tan60o

60 o
a

1
1
B.h SABC.SA
3
3

Vy V =

V d 4: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a v SA vung gc y ABCD v mt bn
(SCD) hp vi y mt gc 60o.
1) Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD.
2) Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (SCD).

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Li gii: 1)Ta c SA (ABC) v CD AD CD SD ( l 3
).(1)

Vy gc[(SCD),(ABCD)] = SDA
= 60o .

S
H

60 o

VSAD vung nn SA = AD.tan60o = a 3

1
1
a3 3
Vy V SABCD .SA a2a 3
3
3
3
D

2) Ta dng AH SD ,v CD (SAD) (do (1) ) nn CD AH

AH (SCD)

Vy AH l khong cch t A n (SCD).

1
1
1
1 1
4

2 2 2
2
2
2
AH SA AD 3a a 3a
a 3
Vy AH =
2

VSAD
C

2. Dng 2: Khi chp c mt mt bn vung gc vi y

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a. Mt bn SAB l tam gic u nm trong mt
phng vung gc vi yABCD,
1) Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AB.
2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.

1)

A
H

2)

Li gii:
Gi H l trung im ca AB.
VSAB u SH AB
m (SAB) (ABCD) SH (ABCD)
Vy H l chn ng cao ca khi chp.
Ta c tam gic SAB u nn SA =
suy ra

a 3
2

1
a3 3
V SABCD .SH
3
6

V d 2: Cho t din ABCD c ABC l tam gic u ,BCD l tam gic vung cn ti D , (ABC) (BCD) v AD hp vi
(BCD) mt gc 60o . Tnh th tch t din ABCD.
Li gii:
Gi H l trung im ca BC.
Ta c tam gic ABC u nn AH (BCD) , m (ABC) (BCD) AH
(BCD) .

Ta c AH HD AH = AD.tan60o = a

a 3
3
VBCD BC = 2HD = 2a 3 suy ra
3
1
11
a3 3
V = SBCD .AH . BC.HD.AH
3
32
9

& HD = AD.cot60o =
B
H

60 o

V d 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B, c BC = a. Mt bn SAC vung gc vi y,
cc mt bn cn li u to vi mt y mt gc 450.

Nguyn Hi H 0983325739
14

Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

a) Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AC.
b) Tnh th tch khi chp SABC.
Li gii:
a) K SH BC v mp(SAC) mp(ABC) nn SH mp(ABC).
Gi I, J l hnh chiu ca H trn AB v BC SI AB, SJ BC, theo gi
45o
thit
SIH SJH

Ta c:
H
A

45

SHI SHJ HI HJ nn BH l ng phn gic ca

VABC suy ra H l trung im ca AC.

a
1
a3

b) HI = HJ = SH =
VSABC= S ABC .SH
2
3
12

3. Dng 3: Khi chp u

V d 1: Cho chp tam gic u SABC cnh y bng a v cnh bn bng 2a. Chng minh rng chn ng cao k t
S ca hnh chp l tm ca tam gic u ABC. Tnh th tch chp u SABC .
Li gii:
Dng SO (ABC) Ta c SA = SB = SC suy ra OA = OB = OC
S
Vy O l tm ca tam gic u ABC.
Ta c tam gic ABC u nn
2a

AO =
C

A
O

2
2a 3 a 3
AH

3
3 2
3

VSAO SO2 SA 2 OA 2
SO

11a2
3

a 11
1
a3 11
.Vy V SABC .SO
3
12
3

V d 2:Cho khi chp t gic SABCD c tt c cc cnh c di bng a .

1) Chng minh rng SABCD l chp t gic u.

2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.

Li gii:
Dng SO (ABCD)
Ta c SA = SB = SC = SD nn
OA = OB = OC = OD ABCD l hnh thoi c ng trn gnoi
tip nn ABCD l hnh vung .
Ta c SA2 + SB2 = AB2 +BC2 = AC2 nn VASC vung ti S

a 2
2

3
V 1 S ABCD .SO 1 a 2 a 2 a 2

O
A

OS
3

V d 3: Cho khi t din u ABCD cnh bng a, M l trung im DC.

a) Tnh th tch khi t din u ABCD.

Nguyn Hi H 0983325739
15

Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

b)Tnh khong cch t M n mp(ABC).Suy ra th tch hnh chp MABC.
Li gii:
a) Gi O l tm ca ABC DO ( ABC )
D

1
V S ABC .DO
3
a2 3 ,
2
a 3
OC CI
S ABC
3
3
4

C
O
I

DOC vung c : DO DC 2 OC 2

a 6
3

1 a 2 3 a 6 a3 2
V
.

3 4
3
12

b) K MH// DO, khong cch t M n mp(ABC) l MH

MH
VMABC

1
a 6
DO
2
6

1
1 a 2 3 a 6 a3 2
S ABC .MH
.

3
3 4
6
24

4. Dng 4: Khi chp & PP t s th tch

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c tam gic ABC vung cn B,

AC a 2

,SA vung gc vi y ABC,

SA a

1) Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABC.

2) Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC, mt phng ( ) qua AG v song song vi BC ct SC, SB ln lt ti M, N. Tnh th
tch ca khi chp S.AMN
Li gii:

1
VS . ABC S ABC .SA v SA a
3
+ ABC cn c : AC a 2 AB a
1
1 1
a3
S ABC a 2 Vy: VSABC . a 2 .a
2
3 2
6

a)Ta c:

N
C

b) Gi I l trung im BC.
G l trng tm,ta c :

M
I
B

// BC MN// BC

VSAMN SM SN 4

VSABC
SB SC 9

Vy:
V d 2: Cho tam gic ABC vung cn A v

SG 2

SI 3
SM SN SG 2

SB SC SI 3

VSAMN

4
2a 3
VSABC
9
27

AB a . Trn ng thng qua C v vung gc vi mt phng (ABC)

ly im D sao cho CD a . Mt phng qua C vung gc vi BD, ct BD ti F v ct AD ti E.

a) Tnh th tch khi t din ABCD.
b) Chng minh CE ( ABD )
c) Tnh th tch khi t din CDEF.

Nguyn Hi H 0983325739
16

Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

Li gii:

a)Tnh

VABCD : VABCD 1SABC .CD a

3

b)Tac: AB AC , AB CD AB ( ACD ) AB EC

Ta c:

c) Tnh

DB EC EC ( ABD)

VDCEF :Ta c:

VDCEF DE DF

.
(*)
VDABC DA DB

DE.DA DC 2 , chia cho DA2

DE DC 2
a2
1

2
2
DA DA
2a
2
2
DF DC
a2
1
Tng t:

2
2
2
DB DB
DC CB
3
3
VDCEF 1
.Vy VDCEF 1 VABCD a
T(*)
VDABC 6
6
36
M

a
A

V d 3: Cho khi chp t gic u SABCD. Mt mt phng ( ) qua A, B v trung im M ca SC . Tnh t s th tch
ca hai phn khi chp b phn chia bi mt phng .
Li gii:
K MN // CD (N SD ) th hnh thang ABMN l thit din ca khi
chp khi ct bi mt phng (ABM).

N
M D

A
O

VSAND SN 1
1
1

VSANB VSADB VSABCD

VSADB SD 2
2
4
VSBMN SM SN 1 1 1
1
1

.
. VSBMN VSBCD VSABCD M
VSBCD
SC SD 2 2 4
4
8
3
VSABMN = VSANB + VSBMN = VSABCD .
8
5
Suy ra VABMN.ABCD = VSABCD
8
VSABMN
3

Do :
V ABMN . ABCD 5
+

V d 4: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD, y l hnh vung cnh a, cnh bn to vi y gc

im SC. Mt phng i qua AM v song song vi BD, ct SB ti E v ct SD ti F.
a) Hy xc nh mp(AEMF)
b) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD
c) Tnh th tch khi chp S.AEMF

Nguyn Hi H 0983325739
17

60 . Gi M l trung

Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

Li gii:
a) Gi I SO AM . Ta c (AEMF) //BD EF // BD

M
E

1
VS . ABCD S ABCD .SO vi S ABCD a 2
3

VSOA

Vy :

C
F

c :

SO AO.tan 60

VS . ABCD

a 6
2

a3 6

c) Phn chia chp t gic ta c

VS . AEMF = VSAMF + VSAME =2VSAMF

VS . ABCD = 2VSACD = 2 VSABC

O
A

b)

Xt khi chp S.AMF v S.ACD

Ta c :

SM 1

SC 2

SAC c trng tm I, EF // BD nn:

VSAMF SM SF 1
SI SF 2

VSACD SC SD 3
SO SD 3

1
1
a3 6
VSACD VSACD
3
6
36

VSAMF

VS . AEMF 2

a3 6 a3 6

36
18

V d 5: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA vung gc y,

hnh chiu ca A ln lt ln SB, SD. Mt phng (ABD) ct SC ti C.
a) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD.
b) Chng minh SC ( AB ' D ')
c) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD

SA a 2 . Gi B, D l

Li gii:
a) Ta c:

VS . ABCD

1
a3 2
S ABCD .SA
3
3

b) Ta c BC ( SAB ) BC AB '

& SB AB ' Suy ra: AB ' ( SBC )

nn AB' SC .Tng t AD' SC.
Vy SC (AB'D')
B'

C'
D'

I
B
O
C

VS . A B 'C ' D '

VSAB 'C ' SB ' SC '

.
(*)
VSABC SB SC
SC ' 1

SAC vung cn nn
SC
2
SB ' SA2
2a 2
2a 2 2
Ta c:
2 2

SB SB
SA AB 2 3a 2 3
+Tnh

c) Tnh

VS . AB 'C ' : Ta c:

Nguyn Hi H 0983325739
18

Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

T (*)

VSAB 'C '

1

VSABC
3

1 a3 2 a3 2
VSAB ' C ' .

3 3
9
+

VS . A B 'C ' D ' 2VS . A B 'C '

2a 3 2

5) Dng 5 : n tp khi chp v lng tr

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, SA vung
gc y. Gc gia SC v y bng 60 v M l trung im ca SB.
1) Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD.
2) Tnh th tch ca khi chp MBCD.
Li gii:

a)Ta c

1
V S ABCD .SA
3

+ S ABCD (2a ) 4a
2

60o
D
2a

SAC c : SA AC tan C 2a 6

1 2
8a 3 6
V 4a .2a 6
3
3

MH / / SA MH ( DBC )
1
1
Ta c: MH SA , S BCD S ABCD
2
2

b) K

1
2a 3 6
VMBCD V
4
3

V d 2: Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c AB = 5a, BC = 6a, CA = 7a. Cc mt

bn SAB, SBC, SCA to vi y mt gc 60o .Tnh th tch khi chp.
Li gii:
H SH ( ABC ) , k HE AB, HF BC, HJ AC
suy ra SE AB, SF BC, SJ AC . Ta c

SJH
60O
SEH SFH

SAH SFH SJH

nn HE =HF = HJ = r
( r l bn knh ng trn ngai tip ABC )

p ( p a )( p b)( p c)
abc
vi p =
9a Nn SABC = 9.4.3.2 a 2
2
S 2 6a
Mt khc SABC = p.r r

p
3
Ta c SABC =

Tam gic vung SHE:

Nguyn Hi H 0983325739
19

Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

2 6a
. 32 2 a
3
1
2
3
Vy VSABC = 6 6 a .2 2 a 8 3 a .
3

SH = r.tan 600 =

J
A

60

F
B

V d 3: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD.ABCD c

AB a 3

, AD = a,

AA = a, O l giao im ca AC v BD.
a)
Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht, khi chp OABCD
b)
Tnh th tch khi OBBC.
c)
Tnh di ng cao nh C ca t din OBBC.

B
O

Li gii:
a) Gi th tch khi hp ch nht l V.
Ta c : V

AB. AD.AA ' a 3.a 2 a 3 3

ABD c : DB AB 2 AD 2 2a

* Khi OABCD c y v ng cao ging khi

B'

A'
C'
D'

hp nn:

1
a3 3
VOA ' B 'C ' D ' V
3
3

b) M l trung im BC

OM ( BB ' C ')

1
1 a 2 a 3 a3 3
VO BB 'C ' S BB 'C ' .OM . .

3
3 2 2
12
c) Gi CH l ng cao nh C ca t
din OBBC. Ta c :

C 'H

3VOBB ' C '

SOBB '

ABD c : DB AB 2 AD 2 2a
SOBB '

1 2
a C ' H 2a 3
2

V d 4: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCDc cnh bng a.

Tnh th tch khi t din ACBD.
Li gii:
Hnh lp phng c chia thnh: khi ACBD v
bn khi CBDC, BBAC, DACD, ABAD.
+Cc khi CBDC, BBAC, DACD, ABAD

Nguyn Hi H 0983325739
20

Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

B

c din tch y v chiu cao bng nhau nn c

cng th tch.
Khi CBDC c

A'

B'

1 1
1
V1 . a 2 .a a 3
3 2
6

+Khi lp phng c th tch:

V2 a 3

1
6

1 3
a
3

VACB ' D ' a 3 4. a 3

C'
D'
a

V d 5: Cho hnh lng tr ng tam gic c cc cnh bng a.

a)
Tnh th tch khi t din AB BC.
b)
E l trung im cnh AC, mp(ABE) ct BC ti F. Tnh th tch khi CABFE.

Li gii:
a) Khi AB BC:Gi I l trung im AB,

A
I

VA ' B ' BC

F
C

1
1 a 2 a 3 a3 3
S A ' B ' B .CI
.

3
3 2 2
12

b)Khi CABFE: phn ra hai khi CEFA v CFAB.

+Khi ACEFc y l CEF, ng cao AA nn

1
VA 'CEF SCEF . A ' A
3
B'

A'
J
C'

SCEF

1
a2 3
a3 3
VA 'CEF
S ABC
48
4
16

+Gi J l trung im BC. Ta c khi ABCF c y l

CFB, ng cao JA nn

1
VA ' B 'CF SCFB' . A ' J
3

1
a2
SCBB '
2
4
1 a 2 a 3 a3 3
VA ' B ' CF

3 4 2
24

SCFB'

+ Vy :

VCA'B'FE

Nguyn Hi H 0983325739
21

a3 3

16

Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

BI TP
CHUYN HNH KHNG GIAN
Bi 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABC, y ABC l tam gic vung ti B c AB = a, BC = a 3 ,
SA vung gc vi mt phng (ABC), SA = 2a. Gi M, N ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca
im A trn cc cnh SB v SC. Tnh th tch ca khi chp A.BCNM.
Bi 2: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht; SA (ABCD); AB = SA
= 1; AD 2 . Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AD v SC; I l giao im ca BM v AC.
Tnh th tch khi t din ANIB.
Bi 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l mt hnh vung tm O. Cc mt bn
(SAB) v (SAD) vung gc vi y (ABCD). Cho AB = a, SA = a 2 . Gi H, K ln lt l hnh
chiu ca A trn SB, SD. Tnh th tch khi chp O.AHK.
Bi 4: Cho lng tr ng ABC.A1B1C1 c AB = a, AC = 2a, AA1 2a 5 v BAC 120o .
Gi M l trung im ca cnh CC1. Chng minh MB MA1 v tnh khong cch d t im A
ti mt phng (A1BM).
Bi 5: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh bn bng a, mt bn hp vi y gc
. Tm th tch ca khi chp t gi tr ln nht.
Bi 6: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh ch nht, AB =2a, BC= a, cc cnh bn
ca hnh chp bng nhau v bng a 2 . Gi M, N tng ng l trung im ca cc cnh AB,
a
3

CD; K l im trn cnh AD sao cho AK . Hy tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng MN
v SK theo a.
Bi 7: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c gc gia hai mt phng (SBC) v (ACB) bng 600, ABC
v SBC l cc tam gic u cnh a. Tnh khong cch t B n mp(SAC).
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi vi A 1200 , BD = a >0. Cnh
bn SA vung gc vi y. Gc gia mt phng (SBC) v y bng 600. Mt mt phng () i
qua BD v vung gc vi cnh SC. Tnh t s th tch gia hai phn ca hnh chp do mt
phng () to ra khi ct hnh chp.
Bi 9: Cho hnh hp ng ABCD.ABCD c cc cnh AB=AD = a, AA =

a 3
2

v gc

BAD = 600 . Gi M v N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AD v AB. Chng minh rng

AC vung gc vi mt phng (BDMN). Tnh th tch khi chp A.BDMN.
Bi 10: Cho lng tr tam gic ABC.A1B1C1 c tt c cc cnh bng a, gc to bi cnh
bn v mt phng y bng 300. Hnh chiu H ca im A trn mt phng (A1B1C1) thuc
ng thng B1C1. Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng AA1 v B1C1 theo a.
Bi 11: Cho hnh lng tr ng ABC.ABC c ABC l tam gic vung ti B v AB =
a, BC = b, AA = c ( c 2 a 2 b2 ). Tnh din tch thit din ca hnh lng tr b ct bi mt phng
(P) i qua A v vung gc vi CA.
Bi 12: Cho khi chp S.ABC c SA (ABC), ABC vung cn nh C v SC = a . Tnh
gc gia 2 mt phng (SCB) v (ABC) th tch khi chp ln nht.
Bi 13: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.A'B'C'D' cnh bng a v im M trn cnh AB sao
cho AM = x, (0 < x < a). Mt phng (MA'C') ct BC ti N. Tnh x theo a th tch khi a
Nguyn Hi H 0983325739
22

Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

1

din MBNC'A'B' bng 3 th tch khi lp phng ABCD.A'B'C'D'.

Bi 14: Trn cnh AD ca hnh vung ABCD c di l a, ly im M sao cho AM = x
(0 m a). Trn na ng thng Ax vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) ti im A, ly im
S sao cho SA = y (y > 0). Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCM theo a, y v x. Tm gi tr ln nht
ca th tch khi chp S.ABCM, bit rng x2 + y2 = a2
Bi 15: Cho hnh nn nh S, ng trn y c tm O v ng knh l AB = 2R. Gi
M l im thuc ng trn y v ASB 2 , ASM 2 . Tnh th tch khi t din SAOM theo
R, v .
Bi 16: Cho hnh chp tam gic u S.ABC c di cnh bn bng 1. Cc mt bn hp
vi mt phng y mt gc . Tnh th tch hnh cu ni tip hnh chp S.ABC.
Bi 17: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a. SA (ABCD) v
SA = a. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im AD, SC. Tnh th tch t din BDMN v khong cch
t D n mp(BMN).
Bi 18: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c AB = AC = a. BC =

a
. SA a 3 , SAB SAC 300 Tnh
2

th

tch khi chp S.ABC.

Bi 19: Cho hnh lng tr ABC.ABC c y l tam gic u cnh a, hnh chiu vung
gc ca A ln mt phng (ABC) trng vi tm O ca tam gic ABC. Mt mt phng (P) cha
BC v vung gc vi AA, ct lng tr theo mt thit din c din tch bng

a2 3
8

. Tnh th tch

khi lng tr ABC.ABC.

Bi 20: Xc nh v tr tm v di bn knh ca mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD c
AB 2, AC 3, AD 1, CD 10, DB 5, BC 13 .
Bi 21: Tnh th tch ca hnh chp S.ABC, bit y ABC l mt tam gic u cnh a,
mt bn (SAB) vung gc vi y, hai mt bn cn li cng to vi y gc .
Bi 22: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y l ABC vung cn ti A, AB = AC = a. Mt bn
qua cnh huyn BC vung gc vi mt y, hai mt bn cn li u hp vi mt y cc gc
600. Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABC.
Bi 23: Cho hnh chp t gic S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung tai A v D.
Bit AD = AB = a, CD = 2a, cnh bn SD vung gc vi mt phng y v SD = a. Tnh th t
din ASBC theo a.
Bi 24: Cho hnh chp lc gic u S.ABCDEF vi SA = a, AB = b. Tnh th tch ca
hnh chp v khong cch gia cc ng thng SA, BE.
Bi 25: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a, BAD 600 , SA vung
gc mt phng (ABCD), SA = a. Gi C l trung im ca SC. Mt phng (P) i qua AC v
song vi BD, ct cc cnh SB, SD ca hnh chp ln lt ti B, D. Tnh th tch ca khi chp
S.ABCD.
Bi 26: Tnh th tch hnh chp S.ABC bit SA = a, SB = b, SC = c, ASB 600 ,
BSC 900 , CSA 1200 .
Nguyn Hi H 0983325739
23

Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

Bi 27: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang AB = a, BC = a, BAD

900 ,
cnh SA a 2 v SA vung gc vi y, tam gic SCD vung ti C. Gi H l hnh chiu ca A
trn SB. Tnh th tch ca t din SBCD v khong cch t im H n mt phng (SCD).
Bi 28: Cho lng tr ng ABCA1B1C1 c AB = a, AC = 2a, AA1 2a 5 v BAC 120o .
Gi M l trung im ca cnh CC1. Tnh khong cch d t im A ti mt phng (A1BM).
Bi 29: Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung, AB = AA = 2a.
Hnh chiu vung gc ca A ln mt phng y trng vi tm ca y. M l trung im ca
BC. Tnh th tch hnh hp v cosin ca gc gia hai ng thng AM v AC
Bi 30: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c mt bn SBC l tam gic u cnh a, cnh bn SA
vung gc vi mt phng y. Bit gc BAC = 1200, tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABC theo a.
Bi 31: Tnh th tch ca hnh chp S.ABC, bit y ABC l mt tam gic u cnh a,
mt bn (SAB) vung gc vi y, hai mt bn cn li cng to vi y gc a.
Bi 32: Cho hnh lng tr ng ABCD.ABCD c y ABCD l mt hnh thoi cnh a,
gc BAD = 600. Gi M l trung im AA v N l trung im ca CC. Chng minh rng bn
im B, M, N, D ng phng. Hy tnh di cnh AA theo a t gic BMDN l hnh
vung.
Bi 33: Cho lng tr ABC.A'B'C' c A.ABC l hnh chp tam gic u cnh y AB = a,
cnh bn AA = b. Gi l gc gia hai mt phng (ABC) v (ABC). Tnh tan v th tch
ca khi chp A.BBCC.
Bi 34: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c di cnh y bng a, cc mt bn to
vi mt y gc 60o. Mt phng (P) cha AB v i qua trng tm ca tam gic SAC ct SC, SD
ln lt ti M, N. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABMN theo a.
Bi 35: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD cnh a. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im
cc cnh CD, AD. im P thuc cnh DD sao cho PD = 2PD. Chng t (MNP) vung gc
vi (AAM) v tnh th tch ca khi t din AAMP.
Bi 36: Cho khi chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, vi AB = 2AD = 2a,
snh SA vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD), cnh SC to vi mt y (ABCD) mt gc 450 .
Gi G l trng tm ca tam gic SAB, mt phng (GCD) ct SA, SB ln lt ti P v Q. Tnh
th tch khi chp S.PQCD theo a.
Bi 37: Cho hnh chp u S.ABCD c cnh y bng a, cnh bn hp vi y gc 600 .
Gi M l im i xng vi C qua D, N l trung im ca SC. Mt phng (BMN) chia khi
chp thnh hai phn. Tnh t s th tch ca hai phn .
Bi 38: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD cnh a. Gi K l trung im ca cnh BC
v I l tm ca mt bn CCDD. Tnh th tch ca cc hnh a din do mt phng (AKI) chia
hnh lp phng.
Bi 39: Cho ng trn (C) ng knh AB = 2R. Trn na ng thng Ax vung gc
vi mt phng cha (C) ly im S sao cho SA = h. Gi M l im chnh gia cung AB. Mt
phng (P) i qua A v vung gc vi SB, ct SB, SM ln lt ti H v K.. Tnh th tch ca
khi chp S.AHK theo R v h.
Nguyn Hi H 0983325739
24

Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

Bi 40: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD cnh bng a. Gi M, N ln lt l trung

im ca AB v CD. Tnh th tch khi chp B.AMCN v cosin ca gc to bi hai mt
phng (AMCN) v (ABCD).
Bi 41: Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABC, bit y ABC l mt tam gic u cnh a,
mt bn (SAB) vung gc vi y, hai mt bn cn li cng to vi y gc .
Bi 42: Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC, bit SA = a, SB = b, SC = c, ASB 600 ,
BSC 900 , CSA 1200 .
Bi 43: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi, cnh a, ABC 600 , chiu cao
SO ca hnh chp bng

a 3
, trong O l giao im ca hai ng cho AC v BD. Gi M l
2

trung im ca AD, mt phng (P) cha BM v song song vi SA, ct SC ti K. Tnh th tch
khi chp K.BCDM.
Bi 44: Cho hnh lng tr tam gic ABC.ABCc y l tam gic u cnh bng a, AM
(ABC), AM =

a 3
2

(M l trung im cnh BC). Tnh th tch khi a din ABABC.

Bi 45: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D; AB = AD

= 2a, CD = a; gc gia hai mt phng (SBC) v (ABCD) bng 600 . Gi I l trung im ca AD.
Hai mt phng (SBI) v (SCI) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD). Tnh th tch khi chp
S.ABCD theo a.
Bi 46: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c tt c cc cnh u bng a. Tnh theo a
th tch khi chp S.ABCD v tnh bn knh mt cu tip xc vi tt c cc mt ca hnh chp
.
Bi 47: Cho khi t din ABCD. Trn cc cnh BC, BD, AC ln lt ly cc im M, N,
P sao cho BC 4BM , BD 2BN v AC 3AP . Mt phng (MNP) chia khi t din ABCD lm
hai phn. Tnh t s th tch gia hai phn .
Bi 48: Cho lng tr tam gic u ABC. A ' B ' C ' c cnh y l a v khong cch t A n
mt phng (ABC) bng

a
. Tnh theo a th tch khi lng tr ABC. A ' B ' C ' .
2

Bi 49: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c di cnh y bng a, mt bn to vi

mt y gc 600. Mt phng (P) cha AB v i qua trng tm tam gic SAC ct SC, SD ln lt
ti M, N. Tnh th tch hnh chp S.ABMN theo a.
Bi 50: Cho hnh chp tam gic u S.ABC c cc cnh bn c di bng a v cc mt
bn hp vi mt y gc 450 . Tnh th tch ca hnh chp theo a.
Bi 51: Cho hnh hp ng ABCD.A'B'C'D' c cc cnh AB = AD = a, AA' =

a 3
v gc
2

BAD = 600. Gi M v N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh A'D' v A'B'. Chng minh AC '

vung gc vi mt phng (BDMN). Tnh th tch khi chp A.BDMN.
Bi 52: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c SA = x v tt c cc cnh cn li c di bng a.
Chng minh rng ng thng BD vung gc vi mt phng (SAC). Tm x theo a th tch
ca khi chp S.ABCD bng

a3 2
6

Nguyn Hi H 0983325739
25

Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

Bi 53: Cho lng tr ng ABC.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung vi AB = BC = a,

cnh bn AA = a

uuur

1 uuur
3

. M l im trn AA sao cho AM AA' . Tnh th tch ca khi t din

MABC.
Bi 54: Cho tam gic vung cn ABC c cnh huyn AB = 2a. Trn ng thng d i
qua A v vung gc mt phng (ABC) ly im S sao cho mp(SBC) to vi mp(ABC) mt gc
bng 600. Tnh din tch mt cu ngoi tip t din SABC.
Bi 55: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB = a , AD = 2a .
Cnh SA vung gc vi mt phng y, cnh bn SB to vi mt phng y mt gc 600 . Trn
cnh SA ly im M sao cho AM =

a 3
, mt phng (BCM) ct cnh SD ti N. Tnh th tch
3

khi chp S.BCNM.

Bi 56: Cho khi lng tr ng ABC.A'B 'C ' c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A , mt
phng (ABC ') to vi y mt gc 600 , khong cch t im C n mt phng ( ABC ') bng a
v khong cch t im A n mt phng (BCC 'B ') bng a . Tnh theo a th tch khi lng tr
ABC.A' B 'C ' .
Bi 57: Cho lng tr ABCABC c y l tam gic ABC vung cn ti A, BC = 2a, AA
vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Gc gia (ABC ) v (BBC) bng 600 . Tnh th tch lng tr
ABCABC .
Bi 58: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v B ,
AB BC a; AD 2a . Cnh bn SA vung gc vi y ABCD v SA= a. Gi E l trung im ca
AD. Tnh th tch khi chp S.CDE v tm tm, bn knh mt cu ngoi tip khi chp S.CDE.
Bi 59: Cho hnh lng tr ng ABC.ABC c AC a, BC 2a,ACB 1200 v ng
thng A'C to vi mt phng (ABB ' A') gc 300 . Tnh th tch khi lng tr cho v khong
cch gia hai ng thng A'B, CC ' theo a.
Bi 60: Cho khi chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, bit AB = 2a , AD = a .
Trn cnh AB ly im M sao cho

AM

a
,
2

cnh AC ct MD ti H . Bit SH vung gc vi mt

phng (ABCD) v SH = a . Tnh th tch khi chp S. HCD v tnh khong cch gia hai
ng thng SD v AC theo a.
Bi 61: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a, hnh chiu vung gc
ca nh S trn (ABCD) l trung im H ca AB, ng trung tuyn AM ca ACD c di
a 3
, gc gia (SCD) v (ABCD) bng 300. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v tnh din tch
2

mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABC.

Bi 62: Cho hnh lng tr tam gic u ABC.A'B 'C ' c AB 1,CC ' m (m 0). Tm m
bit rng gc gia hai ng thng AB' v BC ' bng 600 .
Bi 63: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi, hai ng cho AC = 2 3a ,
BD = 2a ct nhau ti O. Hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi mt phng
Nguyn Hi H 0983325739
26

Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

(ABCD). Bit khong cch t im O n mt phng (SAB) bng

a 3
,
4

tnh th tch khi chp

S.ABCD theo a.
Bi 64: Cho mt hnh tr trn xoay v hnh vung ABCD cnh a c hai nh lin tip A,
B nm trn ng trn y th nht ca hnh tr, hai nh cn li nm trn ng trn y th
hai ca hnh tr. Mt phng (ABCD) to vi y hnh tr mt gc 450. Tnh din tch xung
quanh v th tch ca hnh tr.
Bi 65: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB = 2a, BC = a. Cc
cnh bn ca hnh chp bng nhau v bng a 2 .
1) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a.
2) Gi M, N, E, F ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, CD, SC, SD. Chng minh
ng thng SN vung gc vi mt phng (MEF).
Bi 66: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang cn, y ln AB bng 4 ln y
nh CD, chiu cao ca y bng a (a > 0). Bn ng cao ca bn mt bn ng vi nh S c
di bng nhau v bng 4a. Tnh th tch ca khi chp theo a.
Bi 67: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn nh A, AB a 2 . Gi
I l trung im ca cnh BC. Hnh chiu vung gc H ca S ln mt phng (ABC) tha mn
uu
r
uur
IA 2IH . Gc gia SC v mt y (ABC) bng 600 . Hy tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC v
khong cch t trung im K ca SB n mt phng (SAH).
Bi 68: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c SA= 3a (vi a > 0); SA to vi y (ABC) mt gc
bng 600. Tam gic ABC vung ti B, ACB 300 . G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC. Hai mt
phng (SGB) v (SGC) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Tnh th tch ca hnh chp
S.ABC theo a.
Bi 69: Cho hnh lng tr ABC. A ' B ' C ' c y ABC l tam gic cn, AB = BC = 3a,
AC 2a . Cc mt phng ( B ' AB ), ( B ' AC ), ( B ' BC ) cng to vi mt phng ( ABC ) gc 600 . Tnh
th tch khi lng tr ABC. A ' B ' C ' .
Bi 70: Cho t din ABCD bit AB = CD = a, AD = BC = b, AC = BD = c. Tnh th tch
ca t din ABCD.
Bi 71: Cho hnh lng tr tam gic u ABC.ABC c cnh y bng a. Bit khong
cch gia hai ng thng AB v AC bng

a 15
.
5

Tnh th tch ca khi lng tr.

Bi 72: Cho t din u ABCD c cnh bng 1. Gi M, N l cc im ln lt di ng

trn cc cnh AB, AC sao cho (DMN) (ABC) . t AM = x, AN = y. Tnh th tch t din DAMN
theo x v y. Chng minh rng: x y 3xy.
Bi 73: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi tm O , hai mt phng ( SAC )
v ( SBD ) cng vung gc vi mt phng ( ABCD ). Bit AC 2 3a , BD 2a , khong cch t
im O n mt phng ( SAB ) bng a 3 . Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD .
4

Bi 74: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang vung ti A v D. Bit AB = 2a, AD
=a, DC= a (a > 0) v SA (ABCD). Gc to bi gia mt phng (SBC) vi y bng 450 .
Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch t B ti mt phng (SCD) theo a.
Nguyn Hi H 0983325739
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Chuyn hnh khng gian c in

Bi 75: Cho hnh lng tr ng ABC.ABC c AC a, BC 2a, ACB 1200 v ng thng

A'C to vi mt phng (ABB ' A') gc 300 . Tnh th tch khi lng tr cho v khong cch gia
hai ng thng A'B, CC ' .
Bi 76: Cho t din ABCD c ba cnh AB, BC, CD i mt vung gc vi nhau v
AB BC CD a . Gi C v D ln lt l hnh chiu ca im B trn AC v AD. Tnh th tch
tch t din ABCD.
Bi 77: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c SA a,SB b,SC c ; ASB BSC 60 v CSA 900 . Tnh
th tch khi chp S.ABC.
Bi 78: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, AB = a, AD = 2a, cnh
SA vung gc vi y, cnh SB to vi y gc 600 . Trn cnh SA ly im M sao cho
AM

a 3
3

. Mt phng (BCM) ct SD ti N. Tnh th tch khi chp S.BCMN.

Bi 79: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, AB a, AD 2 2a . Hnh

chiu vung gc ca im S trn mt phng (ABCD) trng vi trng tm tam gic BCD.
ng thng SA to vi mt phng (ABCD) mt gc 450 . Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD
v khong cch gia hai ng thng AC v SD theo a
Bi 80: Cho hnh lng tr ABC.ABC c y l tam gic u cnh a, nh A cch u
cc im A, B, C . Mt phng (P) cha BC v vung gc vi AA ct lng tr theo mt thit
din c din tch bng

a2 3
.
8

Tnh th tch khi lng tr ABC.ABC .

Nguyn Hi H 0983325739
28