Cu 1: Nhng ch tiu cht lng c bn ca h

thng truyn tin.

Tnh hu hiu:L lng thng tin h thng

cho php truyn, ph thuc vo tc truyn
tin (bit/sec), truyn c ng thi nhiu tin.
tin cy (hay chnh xc) : l kh nng
chng nhiu ca h thng, xc xut thu c tin
chnh xc. Vi mi h thng truyn tin, yu cu
v truyn tin nhanh v chnh xc l nhng yu
cu cn c thc hin.
Tnh kinh t: Chi ph cho mc ch truyn tin.
Da vo cc yu t m ngi ta xy dng cc
h thng truyn tin khc nhau.
Tnh an ton: xc nhp quyn truy nhp.
Mi quan h gia chng: i vi mi h
thng truyn tin u yu cu tnh chnh xc v
tc truyn tin nhanh. Nu tin cy ca h
thng truyn tin l nhanh v tnh hu hiu tc
l tc truyn tin cao th cn thit 1 h thng
c gi tr v kinh t nhiu hn. m bo
thng tin th cng yu cu xc nhp truyn truy
nhp. i khi khng cho php truy nhp khi
cha n ch.

Cu 2: Trnh by khi nim v tin, thng tin, tin

tc. Mi quan h gia cc khi nim

Thng tin: l nhng tnh cht xc nh ca vt

cht m con ngi hoc h thng k thut nhn
c t th gii bn ngoi hoc t nhng qu
trnh xy ra bn trong n.Khi nim v thng
tin c hiu nh sau: trong mt tnh hung
no c th xy ra nhiu s kin khc nhau.
Vic xy ra ra mt s kin no trong tp hp
cc s kin c th lm chng ta thu thp c
thng tin.
Tin l dng vt cht c th biu din thng
tin. Mt tin th bao gm 2 phn : bt ng v
ngha ca tin. so snh cc tin vi nhau
ngi ta c th ly 1 trong 2 hoc c 2 lm
thc o. bt ng ca tin li rt lin quan
n cc vn c bn ca h thng truyn tin.
V d nh tin cng bt ng th xut hin ngy
cng him, v vy thi gian xut hin trong h
truyn tin cng t.
Mi lin h gia chng: nh hng lng
thn tin trong cc h thng truyn tin, chng ta
ly mc bt ng so snh cc tin vi nhau.
Nu lng thng tin cng ln nu bt ng
ca tin cng ln

ng truyn tin.l mi trng xc nh m tn

hiu lan truyn trong to thnh cc dng vt
cht mang tin.
Hu qu chnh xy ra trn ng truyn tin:
tn hiu c th lan truyn trong nhiu mi
trng khc nhau, khi tn hiu qua cc mi
trng nh vy, ngoi s bin i v nng
lng, dng ca tn hiu cng b thay i, do
tc ng ca tp nhiu tn ti trong mi trng
vt l, hoc do phng thc lan truyn gy ra
tn hiu truyn i b mt mt hoc b thay i.
iu ny gy nh hng rt nhiu n vic
truyn tin: gim hiu sut truyn tin, tc
truyn tin, gim chnh xc truyn tin.

Cu 4:Khi nim v knh ng nht, khng ng

nht ; c nh, khng nh ; c lin tc, khng
lin tc.
S khi ca knh ri rc:
Ngun tin = Knh truyn tin= Ngun thu
Trng du li vo A={

ai P(ai) i= 1,s}

Trng du li ra B ={ bj P(bj) i= 1,t}

Mt phn b xc sut chuyn P(bj/ai)
- Nu 1 knh c xc sut chuyn khng ph
thuc vo thi gian =>knh ng nht.
- Nu 1 knh c xc sut chuyn ph thuc vo
thi gian => knh khng ng nht.
- Nu 1 knh c xc sut chuyn khng ph
thuc vo du ng trc => knh khng nh
- Nu 1 knh c xc sut chuyn ph thuc vo
du ng trc => knh c nh.
- Cc tn hiu pht ra t ngun m l cc hm
bin thin lin tc theo thi gian c gi l
ngun lin tc, khi tin truyn i cng c
coi l tin lin tc v knh truyn i c gi l
knh lin tc.
- Cc tn hiu pht ra t ngun l cc hm bin
thin ri rc theo thi gian c gi l cc
ngun ri rc, tin truyn i l tin ri rc v
knh truyn c coi l knh ri rc (knh
khng lin tc).

Cu 5: Khi nim m ha, m hiu. Yu cu ca

php m ha.

Khi nim m ha: Thng tin mun truyn i,

ty theo yu cu c th c m ha nn,
chng nhiu hay bo mt
- M hiu: l sn phm ca php m ha c
lp ra theo lut bit trc.
Cc yu cu ca php m ha: gii m u, duy
nht

A ={ ai P(ai) i=1,s } m k hiu.

Cu 3: Khi nim v tn hiu, ng truyn tin,
nhiu.

Tn hiu: l cc i lng vt l ( cc i lng

c thc) bin thin, phn nh thng tin cng
truyn. y l dnh vt cht mang thng tin.
Thng tin c cc thit b bin i thnh cc
tn hiu ph hp vi h thng truyn tin c
th truyn ti ch mt cch nhanh chng v
hiu qu nht.
Nhiu: Cc yu t bn ngoi tc ng vo h
thng truyn tin v lm mt mt thng tin hoc
gy ri lon thng tin.
ng truyn tin: Thng tin cn c truyn,
c ly t ngun tin a n ni nhn.
Thng tin cn c 1 ng truyn gi l

m : c s ca b m
s <= m => 1 tin tng ng 1 k hiu
s> m => 1 tin tng ng vi 1 t hp n k hiu.

Cu 6: Khi nim khong cch m, trng s t

m. Mi lin h gia chng v v d.

Khong cch m: khong cch gia 2 t m ca

1 m u c xc nh l s nhng v tr m
ti cc du m ca 2 t m khc nhau.

V d : A7i : 1011000
A7j: 0010110

Nhn thy 2 dy trn c 4 v tr khc nhau. Vy

khong cch gia 2 t m l

d(ai7aj7)= 4

Nhn xt, tnh cht ca t m

d (ani anj ) < n

d (ani anj ) = d (anj ani )
d (ani anj ) =0 khi i=j
- Trng s ca t m: l s cc du khc 0 trong
t m .

W (ani ) trng s ca ani

Mi lin h gia khong cch m v trng s t m:

d (ani anj ) = W ( ani + anj )