CHNG 1: IN TCH-IN TRNG

Ch 1: IN TCH NH LUT CULNG

A./ Kin thc cn nh:
1. Hai loi in tch. S nhim in ca cc vt.
a. Hai loi in tch:
+ in tch dng.
+ in tch m.
- Cc in tch cng du th y nhau, cc in tch tri du th ht nhau.
b. S nhim in ca cc vt.
- Nhim in do c xt.
- Nhim in do tip xc.
- Nhim in do hng ng.
2. nh lut Cu-lng: Lc Cu-lng (lc ht hay y gia 2 in tch im) c c im:
+ im t: Ti in tch im cn xt
+ Phng: trng vi ng thng ni hai in tch im
+ Chiu: Hai in tch cng du th y nhau, tri du th ht nhau (hnh v)
r
r
r
r
r
F21
F12
F12
F12
r
q1>0
q2>0
q2<0
F21 q1>0

+ ln:

F =k

q1.q2
r

Trong : + k = 9.109Nm2 /C2 : h s t l.

+ r : khong cch gia hai in tch im.

+ q1, q2 : ln ca hai in tch im.
3. Lc tng tc ca cc in tch trong in mi (cht cch in).
F =k

q1.q2
2

; Vi e 1 l hng s in mi

e.r
+ Mi trng chn khng e = 1
+ ngha: Hng s in mi c cho tnh cht cch in ca cht cch in.

Ch 2: THUYT EELECTRON. NH LUT BO TON IN TCH

A./ Kin thc cn nh:
1. Cu to nguyn t v phng din in . in tch nguyn t .
- Nguyn t c cu to gm :
+ Mt ht nhn mang in tch dng nm trung tm . Ht nhn c cu to bi proton v ntron.
+ Xung quanh ht nhn l cc electron chuyn ng .
+ S prtn bng s electron quay quanh ht nhn, bnh thng th nguyn t trung ho v in
- in tch ca electron v in tch ca prtn l in tch nh nht m ta c th c c. V vy ta gi chng
l in tch nguyn t.
- 31
+ in tch electron : e = - 1,6.10- 19C
+ Khi lng electron : me = 9,1.10 kg
- 19
- 27
+ in tch proton qp = 1,6.10 C
+ Khi lng proton mp = 1,67.10 kg
2. Thuyt electrron .
- Thuyt da vo s c tr v di chuyn ca cc eelectron gii thch cc hin tng in v cc tnh cht
in ca cc vt gi l thuyt lectron gm 4 ni dung:
* Bnh thng tng i s tt c cc in tch trong nguyn t bng khng, nguyn t trung ho v in.
* Nu nguyn t b mt i mt s electron th tng i s cc in tch trong nguyn t l mt s dng, n l
mt ion dng. Ngc li nu nguyn t nhn thm mt s electron th n l ion m.
* Khi lng electron rt nh nn rt linh hot. Electron d dng bt khi nguyn t, di chuyn trong vt hay
di chuyn t vt ny sang vt khc lm cho cc vt b nhim in.

CHNG I: IN TCH IN TRNG.

BIN SON: GV NGUYN VN NHN

* Vt nhim in m l vt thiu electron (s e>s p); Vt nhim in dng l vt tha electron (s e<s p).
3. Vn dng:
a. Vt (cht) dn in v vt (cht) cch in.
+ Vt (cht) dn in l vt (cht) c cha nhiu in tch t do. V d: kim loi, dd axit, bazo, mui
+ Vt (cht) cch in l vt (cht) khng cha hoc cha rt t in tch t do. V d: nha, thy tinh
* S phn bit vt dn in v vt cch in ch l tng i.
b. Gii thch s nhim in do tip xc
c. Gii thch s nhim in do hng ng.
4. nh lut bo ton in tch.
* Trong mt h c lp v in, tng i s cc in tch l mt hng s: q1 + q2 + q3 + ... + qn = cons t
B. BI TP
VN I: NH LUT CU LNG
Dng 1: Xc nh lc tng tc gia cc in tch im
Bi 1. Xc nh lc tng tc gia hai in tch im q1= 3.10-6C v q2= -3.10-6C cch nhau mt khong r = 3cm trong hai trng hp
a. t trong chn khng
b. t trong in mi c = 4
S: a. F = 90N; b. F= 22,5N
Bi 2. Cho hai in tch im q1= 9.10-8C v q2= -4.10-8C cch nhau mt khong r = 6cm trong khng kh.
a. Xc nh lc tng tc gia hai in tch
b. Khong cch gia hai in tch phi bng bao nhiu lc tng tc gia chng c ln l 20,25.10-3N
Bi 3. Cho hai qu cu nh tch in q1= 9 C v q2= 4 C t cch nhau 10cm trong khng kh.
a. Tnh lc tng tc gia hai in tch
b. Khi t hai qu cu trong in mi c = 4 th khong cch gia hai qu cu phi bng bao nhiu lc tng tc khng i
Bi 4. Hai qu cu nh ging nhau mang in tch c ln bng nhau, t cch nhau 3cm trong khng kh th chng y nhau bng mt
lc c ln 3,6.10-2N. Xc nh in tch ca 2 qu cu ny.
S: q1= q2= 6. 10-8C hay q1= q2= -6. 10-8C
Bi 5. Hai in tch im t cch nhau 100cm trong parafin c hng s in mi bng 2 th lc tng tc tnh in gia chng bng 8N.
Nu chng c t cch nhau 50 cm trong chn khng th lc tng tc tnh in gia chng c ln bng bao nhiu?
S: 64N
Bi 6. Hai qu cu nh mang in tch q1, q2 t cch nhau 3cm trong khng kh th y nhau bng mt lc 6.10-3N. in tch tng cng
ca 2 qu cu l -5.10-8N. Xc nh in tch ca mi qu cu? Bit rng q1 q2
S: q1= -2.10-8C v q2= -3.10-8C
Bi 7. Cho hai in tch q1= q2=16C t ti hai im A, B trong khng kh cch nhau 1m trong khng kh. Xc nh lc in tng hp
tc dng ln q0= 4C t ti.
a. im M : MA= 60cm ; MB= 40cm
b. im N : NA= 60cm ; NB= 80cm
c. im P : PA= 60cm ; PB= 80cm
d. im Q : QA=QB= 100cm
Bi 8. Bn in tch cng loi c ln q t ti 4 nh ca mt hnh vung cnh a trong khng kh. Xc nh
lc tc dng ca ba in tch ln in tch th t.
Bi 9. Ngi ta t 3 in tch q1 = 8.10-9 C, q2 = q3 = -8.10-9 C ti ba nh ca mt tam gic u cnh 6 cm
trong khng kh. Xc nh lc tc dng ln in tch q0 = 6.10-9 C t tm O ca tam gic.
Bi 10. Ba in tch im q1 = q2 = q3 = 1,6. 10-19 C. t trong chn khng ti ba nh ca mt tam gic u cnh
16 cm. Xc nh vect lc tc dng ln q3 ?
7
7
6
Bi 11. C 3 in tch q1 6.10 C ; q2 2.10 C ; q3 10 C t trong chn khng 3nh ca tam gic
u cnh a=16cm. Xc nh lc in tng hp tc dng ln mi in tch im.
Bi 12. Ba in tch im q1 = 27.10-8 C; q2 = 64.10-8 C, q3 = -10-7 C t ti ba nh ca tam gic ABC vung ti
C. Cho AC = 30 cm; BC = 40 cm. Xc nh lc tc dng ln q3. H thng t trong khng kh.
Bi 13. Electron quay quanh ht nhn nguyn t hir theo qu o trn bn knh R= 5.10-11m.
a. Tnh ln lc hng tm t ln electron.
b. Tnh vn tc v tn s chuyn ng ca electron
S: a. F = 9.10-8N. b. v = 2,2.106m/s, f = 0,7.1016Hz
Bi 14. Hai qu cu c cng khi lng m = 10g, tch in q v treo vo hai dy mnh, di l = 30 cm vo cng
mt im. Mt qu cu c gi c nh ti v tr cn bng, dy treo qu cu th hai lch mt gc a = 600 so
vi phng ng. Xc nh in tch q. Cho g = 10m/s2.
CHNG I: IN TCH IN TRNG.

BIN SON: GV NGUYN VN NHN

Bi 15. Hai qu cu nh ging nhau , cng khi lng m , in tch q c treo vo cng mt im bng hai si

dy mnh. Do lc y tnh in hai qu cu tch xa nhau 3cm. Xc nh gc lch ca cc si dy. Bit m =

100g, q = 10- 8C ;g = 10m / s2
Bi 16. Hai qu cu ging nhau tch in nh nhau q1 = q2 = 10-6C c treo vo cng im O bng hai si dy, khng dn, di 10cm. Khi
hai in tch cn bng th hai in tch im v im treo to thnh mt tam gic u. Tm lc cng dy treo?
Bi 17. Ngi ta treo hai qu cu nh c khi lng bng nhau m = 1g bng nhng dy c cng di l = 50
cm. Khi hai qu cu tch in bng nhau, cng du, chng y nhau v cch nhau r1 = 6cm.
a. Tnh in tch mi qu cu
b. Nhng c h thng vo ru c hng s in mi e = 27. Tnh khong cch r2 gia 2 qu cu khi cn bng.
B qua lc y Archimede. Ly g = 10m/s2.
Bi 18. Mt qu cu nh c khi lng m = 1,6g, tch in q = 2.10 -7C c treo bng mt si dy t mnh c chiu di l = 1m. pha
trn n ti im treo ca si dy cn phi t mt in tch q2 nh th no lc cng dy gim i mt na.
Dng 2: p dng nh lut bo ton in tch
Bi 1. Hai qu cu kim loi nh ging nhau mang cc in tch q1; q2 trong khng kh cch nhau 2 cm lc y tnh in gia chng l
2,7.104 N. Cho hai qu cu chm nhau ri a v v tr c th lc y tnh in gia chng l 3,6.104 N. Tnh in tch q1; q2.
Bi 2. Hai qu cu nh, ging nhau, bng kim loi. Qu cu A mang in tch 4,50 C; qu cu B mang in
tch 2,40 C. Cho chng tip xc nhau ri a chng ra cch nhau 1,56 cm. Tnh lc tng tc in gia
chng.
Bi 3. Hai qu cu kim loi ging nhau, c tch in 3.10 -5 C v 2.10-5 C. Cho hai qu cu tip xc nhau ri
t cch nhau mt khong 1m. Lc in tc dng ln mi qu cu c ln l bao nhiu?
Bi 4. Hai qu cu bng kim loi ging nhau c i n tch ln lt l q1 v q2, t cch nhau r = 30cm trong chn khng, chng ht nhau vi
lc F1 = 9.10-5N. Ni hai qu cu bng m t dy dn mnh, sau b dy ni, lc y gia chng khi ny l F2 = 1,6.10-4N. Tnh i n tch ban
u ca mi qucu.
S: 9.10-8C v-10-8C
Bi 5. Hai qu cu bng kim loi ging nhau treo trn hai dy di vo cng mt im, c tch in bng nhau v cch nhau mt on
bng a = 5cm. Chm tay nh vo mt qu cu. Tnh khong cch ca chng sau ?
S: 3,15cm.
Bi 6. Hai hn bi bng kim loi ging nhau c in tch cng du q v 4q cch nhau mt khong r. Sau khi
cho hai hn bi tip xc nhau, cho lc tng tc gia chng khng thay i, ta phi t chng cch mt
khong r. Tm r ?
Dng 3: iu kin cn bng ca mt in tch
Bi 1. Cho h ba in tch c lp q1, q2, q3 nm trn cng mt ng thng. Hai in tch q 1, q3 l hai in tch dng, cch nhau 60cm
v q1 = 4q3. Lc in tc dng ln in tch q2 bng 0. Xc nh v tr ca in tch q2.
S: cch q1 40cm, cch q3 20cm
Bi 2. Hai in tch q1 = 2. 10-8C t ti A v q2 = -8. 10-8C t ti B, chng cch nhau mt on AB= 15cm trong khng kh. Phi t
mt in tch q3 ti M u n cn bng?
Bi 3. Cho hai in tch q v -4q ln lt ti Av B cch nhau mt khong x. Phi t mt in tch Q u n cn bng.
x
2x
S: ti im D cch Amt on , cch B
3
3
Bi 4. Cho hai in tch q1= 2.10-8 C v q2=8.10-8 C t ti hai im A, B cch nhau 9cm trong khng kh.
a. t in tch q0 ti u q0 cn bng
b. Du v ln ca q0 q1 v q2 cng cn bng
S : a. AC = 3cm ; BC= 6cm ; b. q0= 8/9.10-8C
Bi 5. Ti ba nh ca mt tam gic u cnh a ngi ta t ba in tch ging nhau q 1 = q2 =q3 = 6.10-7C, Phi t in tch q0 ti u v
c in tch bng bao nhiu h cn bng
S : Ti tm ; q0= - 3,46.10-7C
Ch 3: IN TRNG
A. Kin thc cn nh:
1. in trng:
a) Mi trng truyn tng tc in: Mi trng tuyn tng tc gia cc in tch gi l in trng
b) Khi nim in trng: l mt dng vt cht (mi trng) bao quanh cc in tch.
c) Tnh cht c bn ca in trng: Tc dng lc in ln in tch khc t trong n.
2. Cng in trng:
a) nh ngha: Cng in trng ti mt im l i lng c trng cho tc dng lc ca in trng ti
im .
CHNG I: IN TCH IN TRNG.

BIN SON: GV NGUYN VN NHN

F
(1)
q
+ n v cng in trng l N/C hoc ngi ta thng dng l V/m.
b) Biu thc: + Biu thc: E =

3. Vct cng in trng: Cng in trng l mt i lng vecto c biu din theo ct: E = F
q

- Vc t E gy bi mt in tch im Q ti M c c im:
+ im t: t ti im ang xt.
+ Phng trng vi ng thng ni t im ang xt ti in tch.
+ Chiu hng ra xa in tch nu Q >0, hng v pha in tch nu Q<0.
r
r
. Neu q > 0: F cng phng, cng chiu vi E ;
r
r
Neu q < 0: F cng phng, ngc chiu vi E
|Q |
+ ln : E = k 2 , chn khng e = 1
er
4. Nguyn l chng cht in trng.
- Nu ti mt im trong in trng c nhiu vct cng in trng th in trng tng hp l:

E = E 2+ E 2+ ... E n
5. ng sc in:
a. Hnh nh cc ng sc in
Cc ht nh cch in t trong in trng s b nhim in v nm dc theo nhng ng m tip tuyn ti
mi im trng vi phng ca vc t cng in trng ti im .
b. nh ngha
ng sc in trng l ng m tip tuyn ti mi im ca n l gi ca vc t cng in trng ti
im . Ni cch khc ng sc in trng l ng m lc in tc dng dc theo n.
c. Hnh dng ng sc ca mt d in trng
Xem cc hnh v sgk.
d. Cc c im ca ng sc in
* Qua mi im trong in trng c mt ng sc in v ch mt m thi
* ng sc in c hng ca ng sc in ti mt im l hng ca vc t cng in trng ti
im .
* ng sc in ca in trng tnh l nhng ng khng khp kn.
* Qui c v s ng sc i qua mt din tch nht nh t vung gc vi vi ng sc in ti im m ta
xt t l vi cng in trng ti im .
e. in trng u
- in trng u l in trng m vc t cng in trng ti mi im u c cng phng chiu v
ln.
- ng sc in trng u l nhng ng thng song song cch u.
B./ BAI TAP
Bi 1. Mt in tch im q = 10-6C t trong khng kh
a. Xc nh cng in trng ti im cch in tch 30cm, v vect cng in trng ti im ny
b. t in tch trong cht lng c hng s in mi = 16. im c cng in trng nh cu a cch in
tch bao nhiu.
Bi 2. Mt in tch im dng Q trong chn khng gy ra mt in trng c cng E = 3. 10 4 V/m ti
im M cch in tch mt khong 30 cm. Tnh ln in tch Q ?
s: 3. 10-7 C.
-7
Bi 3. Mt in tch im q = 10 C t ti im M trong in trng ca mt in tch im Q, chu tc dng
ca mt lc F = 3.10-3 N. Cng in trng do in tch im Q gy ra ti M c ln l bao nhiu ?

CHNG I: IN TCH IN TRNG.

BIN SON: GV NGUYN VN NHN

Bi 4. Trong chn khng, mt in tch im q = 2. 10 -8C t ti mt im M trong in trng ca mt in

tch im Q = 2. 10-6C chu tc dng ca mt lc in F = 9.10-3N. Tnh cng in trng ti M v khong

cch gia hai in tch?
s: 45.104V/m, R = 0,2 m.
-10
Bi 5. Cho hai in tch q1=4.10 (C), q2=-4.10-10(C) t A,B trong khng kh, AB = a = 2cm. Xc nh
vc t cng in trng ti:
a) H l trungim ca AB. b) M cch A 1cm, cch B 3cm. c) N hp vi A,B thnh tam gic u.
-8
-8
Bi 6. Hai in tch q 1=8.10 C, q2= -8.10
C t ti A, B trong khng kh, AB=4cm.Tm vct
cng in trng ti C vi:
a) CA = CB = 2cm.

b) CA = 8cm; CB = 4cm.

-9
c)C trn trung trc AB, cch AB 2cm.Tm lc tc dng ln q=2.10 C t ti C.
Bi 7. Ti hai im A v B cch nhau 5 cm trong chn khng c hai in tch q1 = 16.10-8 C, q2 = -9.10-8 C. Tm
cng in trng tng hp v v vect cng in trng ti im C nm cch A mt khong 4 cm,
cch B mt khong 3 cm.
s: 12,7. 105 V/m
Bi 8. Ti ba nh ca mt tam gic vung ti A cnh a= 50 cm, b= 40 cm, c= 30 cm.Ta t ln lt cc in
tch q1 = q2 = q3 = 10-9 C. Xc nh vect cng in trng ti H, H l chn ng cao k t A.

s:
246 V/m.
Bi 9. Hai in tch im q1 = 2. 10-2 C, q2 = -2. 10-2 C t ti hai im A v B cch nhau mt on a = 30 cm
trong khng kh. Tnh cng in trng ti M cch u A v B mt khong l a.
s: 2000
V/m.
Bi 10. Trong chn khng c hai in tch im q1 = 2. 10-8C v q2= -32.10-8C t ti hai im A v B cch nhau
mt khong 30 cm. Xc nh v tr im M ti cng in trng bng khng. Cho hai in tch im q 1
v q2 t A v B trong khng kh, AB = 100 cm. Tm im C m ti cng in trng bng khng vi:
a. q1= 36. 10-6C,
q2= 4. 10-6C.
b. q1= - 36. 10-6C,
q2= 4. 10-6C.
-8
(C), cho AB = 4cm. im
Bi 11. t ti A v B cc in tch q 1 v q2 cho q1 + q2 = 11.10
M trn AB v cch A 20cm v cch B l 24cm. Cng in trng ti M trit tiu. Tnh
q1 v q2
Bi 12. Cho hai in tch im q1, q2 t ti A v B, AB= 2 cm. Bit q 1 + q2 = 7. 10-8C v im C cch q1 l 6 cm,
cch q2 l 8 cm c cng in trng bng E = 0. Tm q1 v q2 ? s: q1= -9.10-8C, q2= 16.10-8C.
Bi 13. Bn im A, B, C, D trong khng kh to thnh mt hnh ch nht ABCD cnh AD = a= 3 cm, AB= b= 1
cm.Cc in tch q1, q2, q3 c t ln lt ti A, B, C. Bit q 2 = - 12,5. 10-8C v cng in trng tng
r
v
hp D E D = 0 . Tnh q1 v q3?
s: q1 2,7. 10-8C, q2 = 6,4.
10-8C.
Bi 14. Cho hnh vung ABCD, ti A v C t cc in tch q1 = q3 = q. Hi phi t B mt in tch bao nhiu
cng in trng D bng khng?
s: q2 = - 2 2.q
-9
Bi 15. Mt qu cu nh khi lng m= 0,25 g mang in tch q= 2,5. 10 C c treo bi mt dy v t trong
r r
mt in trng u E . E c phng nm ngang v c ln E= 10 6 V/m. Tnh gc lch ca dy treo so vi
phng thng ng. Ly g= 10 m/s2.
s: = 450.
Bi 16. Mt qu cu c khi lng m = 12g, tch in q c treo trong 1 in trng u
c phng ngang, c E = 1000 V/m. Khi qu cu trng thi cn bng th dy treo n
hp vi phng thng ng 1 gc
= 30 0, ly g = 10m/s2. Tnh:
a. in tch ca qu cu
b. Lc cng ca dy treo
Bi 17. Mot hat bui co ien tch am va co khoi lng m = 10-11kg nam can
bang trong ien trng eu co phng thang ng hng xuong va co
cng o E = 2000V/m.
a. Tnh ien tch hat bui.
b. Hat bui tch them mot lng ien tch bang vi ien tch cua 6.106
electron. Muon hat bui van nam cn bang th cng o ien trng
phai bang bao nhieu? Cho me =9.1.10-31kg, g=10m/s2.
CHNG I: IN TCH IN TRNG.

BIN SON: GV NGUYN VN NHN

S: a. q=-5.10-14C; b. E=99V/m
Bi 18. Hai in tch +q v q (q >0) t ti hai im A v B vi AB = 2a. M l mt im nm trn ng trung
trc ca AB cch AB mt on x.
a. Xc nh vect cng in trng ti M
b. Xc nh x cng in trng ti M cc i, tnh gi tr
Bi 19. Hai in tch q1 = q2 = q >0 t ti A v B trong khng kh. cho bit AB = 2a
a) Xc nh cng in trng ti im M trn ng trung trc ca AB cch Ab mt on h.
b) nh h EM cc i. Tnh gi tr cc i ny.
Bi 20. Cho hai iem A va B cung tren mot ng sc cua ien trng do
ien tch iem q tai O gay ra. Biet o ln cua ct tai A va B lan lt la E 1
va E2 va A gan O hn B. Tnh o ln ct tai M la trung iem cua oan AB?
Bi 21: Mt git cht lng tch in c khi lng 2.10-9g nm cn bng trong in trng u c phng thng
ng, c E = 1,25.105V/m. Tnh in tch ca git cht lng v s electron tha hoc thiu trn git cht lng
. Ly g =10m/s2.
Ch 4: CNG CA LC IN HIU IN TH.
A./ Kin thc cn nh:
I. Cng ca lc in
1. Cng ca lc in
- in tch q di chuyn t im M n N trong in trng u, cng ca lc in trng:
AMN q.E.M ' N '
M ' N ' : hnh chiu ca MN ln phng ca in trung.
- Cng ca lc in tc dng ln in tch q khng ph thuc dng ng i ca in tch m ch ph thuc
vo v tr im u v im cui ca ng i.
- => Vy in trng tnh l mt trng th.
II. Th nng ca mt in tch trong in trng
1.Khi nim v th nng ca mt in tch trong in trng
Th nng ca in tch t ti mt im trong in trng c trng cho kh nng sinh cng ca in trng
khi t in tch ti im .
2. S ph thuc ca th nng WM vo in tch q
+ Th nng ca mt in tch im q t ti im M trong in trng : WM = AM = qVM
+ Th nng ny t l thun vi q.
3. Cng ca lc in v gim th nng ca in tch trong in trng
AMN = WM - WN
Khi mt in tch q di chuyn t im M n im N trong mt in trng th cng m lc in trng tc
dng ln in tch sinh ra s bng gim th nng ca in tch q trong in trng.
III. in th
1. Khi nim in th
in th ti mt im trong in trng c trng cho in trng v phng din to ra th nng ca in
tch.
2. nh ngha:
in th ti mt im M trong in trng l i lng c trng cho in trng v phng din to ra th
nng khi t ti mt in tch q. N c xc nh bng thng s ca cng ca lc in tc dng ln in
tch q khi q di chuyn t M ra xa v cc v ln ca q
AM
VM =
q
n v in th l vn (V).
3. c im ca in th
in th l i lng i s. Thng chn in th ca t hoc mt im v cc lm mc (bng 0).
IV. Hiu in th
1. nh ngha
CHNG I: IN TCH IN TRNG.

BIN SON: GV NGUYN VN NHN

Hiu in th gia hai im M, N trong in trng l i lng c trng cho kh nng sinh cng ca in
trng trong s di chuyn ca mt in tch t M n N. N c xc nh bng thng s gia cng ca lc
in tc dng ln in tch q trong s di chuyn ca q t M n N v ln ca q.
AMN
UMN = VM VN =
q
2. o hiu in th : o hiu in th tnh in bng tnh in k.
3. H thc lin h gia hiu in th v cng in trng : E

U Mn
M 'N '

U
d

B. BI TP
B1. BI TP T LUN
Bi 1. Hai tm kim loi phng, rng, t song song, cch nhau 2cm, c nhim in tri du v c ln
bng nhau. Mun in tch q = 5.10-10C di chuyn t tm ny n tm kia cn tn mt cng A = 2.10-9J. Hy
xc nh cng in trng bn trong hai tm kim loi .
p s: E = 200V/m
Bi 2. Hiu in th gia hai im M, N trong in trng l UMN = 100V. Tnh cng ca lc in trng
khi mt electron di chuyn t M n N v cng cn thit di chuyn electron t N n M
Bi 3. Mt in tch q = 10-8 C dch chuyn dc theo ng cc cnh ca tam gic u ABC cnh a = 20 cm
t trong in trng u E = 3000 V/m. Tnh cng tc hin dch chuyn q theo cc cnh AB, BC, CA,
bit in trng c hng BC.
S: AAB = - 3.10-6 J; ABC = 6.10-6 J; ACA = - 3.106
J
Bi 4. Mt prton bay trong in trng t im A n B, vn tc ca proton ti A v B l vA = 2,5.104m/s, vB =
0. in th ti A bng 500V. Hi in th ti im B? Bit proton c khi lng 1,67.10-27kg v c in tch
1,6.10-19C.
Bi 5. di chuyn q = 10-4C t rt xa vo im M ca in trng cn thc hin cng
A/ = 5.10-5J. Tm in th M( gc in th v cng)
p s: VM = 0,5 V
Bi 6. Hai in tch q1 = 5.10_6C v q2= 2.10-6C t ti hai nh A, D ca hnh ch
nht ABCD. Cho AB = 3cm, BC = 4cm. Tnh cng ca lc in trng khi dch chuyn
in tch q = 10-9C di chuyn t B n C . p s: 3,6.10-5J
Bi 7. Mt lectron ang chuyn ng vi vn tc v1= 1,27.107m/s t mt im c in th V1 = 600V theo
hng ca cc ng sc ca mt in trng u. lectron dng li im c in th l bao nhiiu?
p s: V2 = 190 V
Bi 8. Tnh hiu in th gia hai im M, N t trong mt in trng u c cng E = 3500 V/m. Bit
MN = a = 20 cm v hp vi ng sc in trng mt gc = 1200
Bi 9. Mt electron di chuyn c mt on 1 cm, dc theo mt ng sc in, di tc dng ca mt lc
in trong mt in trng u c cng 1000 V/m. Hy xc nh cng ca lc in ? s: 1,6. 10-18 J.
Bi 10. Khi bay t im M n im N trong in trng, electron tng tc, ng nng tng thm 250eV.(bit
rng 1 eV = 1,6. 10-19J). Tm UMN?
s: - 250 V
Bi 11. Ba im A, B, C to thnh mt tam gic vung ti C. AC = 4 cm, BC = 3 cm v nm trong mt in

trng u. Vect cng in trng E song song vi AC, hng t A C v c ln E = 5000V/m.

Tnh:
a. UAC, UCB, UAB.
b. Cng ca in trng khi mt electron (e) di chuyn t A n B ?
Bi 12. Tam gic ABC vung ti A c t trong in trng u

AB

E . Bit BC = 6 cm, UBC= 120V.

0
E , = ABC = 60 ,

a. Tm UAC, UBA v cng in trng E?

b. t thm C in tch im q = 9. 10-10 C. Tm cng in trng
tng hp ti A.
CHNG I: IN TCH IN TRNG.

BIN SON: GV NGUYN VN NHN

Bi 13. Mt in tch im q = -4. 10 -8C di chuyn dc theo chu vi ca mt tam gic MNP, vung ti P, trong

in trng u, c cng 200 v/m. Cnh MN = 10 cm, MN E .NP = 8 cm. Mi trng l khng kh.
Tnh cng ca lc in trong cc dch chuyn sau ca q:
a. t M N.
b. T N P.
c. T P M.
d. Theo ng kn MNPM.

Bi 14. Cho 3 bn kim loi phng A, B, C c tch in v t song song nh hnh.

E
2

Cho d1 = 5 cm, d2= 8 cm. Coi in trng gia cc bn l u v c chiu

E1
nh hnh v. Cng in trng tng ng l E1 =4.104V/m , E2 = 5. 104V/m.
Tnh in th ca bn B v bn C nu ly gc in th l in th bn A.

Bi 15. Ba im A, B, C nm trong in trng u sao cho

E // CA. Cho AB AC v AB = 6 cm. AC = 8 cm.

a. Tnh cng in trng E, UAB v UBC. Bit UCD = 100V (D l trung im ca AC)
b. Tnh cng ca lc in trng khi electron di chuyn t B C, t B D.
Bi 16. in tch q = 10-8 C di chuyn dc theo cnh ca mt tam gic u ABC cnh a =

10 cm trong in trng u c cng l 300 V/m.

trng khi q dch chuyn trn mi cnh ca tam gic.

E // BC. Tnh cng ca lc in

Bi 17: Mt electron bay t bn m sang bn dng ca mt t in phng. in trng

trong khong hai bn kim loi song song tch in tri du v cng ln c cng E = 6.10 4V/m. Khong
cch gia hai bn d = 5cm. B qua tc dng ca trng trng.
a. Tnh gia tc ca electron.
b. Tnh thi gian bay ca electron bit vn tc ban u bng 0.
c. Tnh vn tc tc thi ca electron khi chm bn tch in dng.
Bi 18: Mt electron bay vo trong mt in trng theo hng ngc vi hng ng sc vi vn tc
2000km/s. Vn tc ca electron cui on ng s l bao nhiu nu hiu in th cui on ng so
vi u on ng l 15V. B qua tc dng ca trng trng.
Bi 19: Mt electron bay trong in trng gia hai bn ca mt t in tch in v t cch nhau 2cm
vi vn tc 3.107m/s theo phng song song vi cc bn ca t in. Hiu in th gia hai bn phi l bao
nhiu electron lch i 2,5mm khi i c on ng 5cm trong in trng. B qua tc dng ca trng
trng.
Ch 5: T IN.
A. KIN THC CN NH
I. T in
1. T in l g ?
+ T in l mt h hai vt dn t gn nhau v ngn cch nhau bng mt lp cch in. Mi vt dn gi l
mt bn ca t in.
+ Tc dng ca t: dng tch in
2. T phng: T in phng gm hai bn kim loi phng t song song vi nhau v ngn cch nhau bng mt
lp in mi.
+ K hiu t in:
3. Cch tch in cho t in: Ni hai bn ca t in vi hai cc ca ngun in.
ln in tch trn mi bn ca t in khi tch in gi l in tch ca t in. K hiu: Q
II. in dung ca t in
1. nh ngha: in dung ca t in l i lng c trng cho kh nng tch in ca t in mt hiu
in th nht nh. N c xc nh bng thng s ca in tch ca t in v hiu in th gia hai bn
ca n.
CHNG I: IN TCH IN TRNG.

BIN SON: GV NGUYN VN NHN

C
+ n v in dung l fara (F).
1 mF = 10-3 F.
1 nF = 10-9 F.

Q
U
1 F = 10-6 F.
1 pF = 10-12 F.

2. Cc loi t in
- Thng ly tn ca lp in mi t tn cho t in: t khng kh, t giy, t mi ca, t s, t gm,
- Trn v t thng ghi cp s liu l in dung v hiu in th gii hn ca t in.
- Ngi ta cn ch to t in c in dung thay i c gi l t xoay.
* in trng trong t in l in trng u.
* Cng thc lin h gia cng in trng E bn trong t in, hiu in th U v khong cch d gia hai
U
E
bn l:
d
* Nu cng in trng trong lp in mi vt qu mt gi tr gii hn E max th lp in mi tr thnh dn
in v t in s b hng. Nh vy, hiu in th gia hai bn t in khng c vt qu gii hn c
php: Umax = Emax.d
- Lu cc iu kin sau:
+ Ni t in vo ngun: U = const.
+ Ngt t in khi ngun: Q = const.
B. BI TP
B1. BI TP T LUN
Bi 1. Mt t in phng in dung 12 pF, in mi l khng kh. Khong cch gia hai bn t 0,5 cm. Tch
in cho t in di hiu in th 20 V. Tnh:
a. in tch ca t in.
b. Cng in trng trong t.
s: 24. 10-11C, 4000 V/m.
Bi 2. Trn v mt t in c ghi 20F-200V. Ni hai bn ca t in vi mt hiu in th 120V.
a) Tnh in tch ca t in.
b) Tnh in tch ti a m t in tch c.

CHNG I: IN TCH IN TRNG.

BIN SON: GV NGUYN VN NHN