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Hana Jay
granting the right to reproduce 100% of this book to the original purchaser
for classroom or personal use. Commercial use is prohibited and expressly forbidden.
Electronic copying, storage or transmission is permitted only for the use of the original
purchaser. The pdf file must be left intact and in the original format and content.
Jays' Education is reserved and must be kept displayed on each sheet copied.
CAL Copyright Agency Limited
Level 15
233 Castlereagh Street
Sydney 2000
Subtraction strategies.
Adequate numeracy provides lifelong opportunities to the fulfilment and social
and workplace participation. Despite ever increasing technologies a growing
number of students fail to acquire essential mathematical skills and a positive
disposition towards mathematics.
Mathematical problem solving is a cognitive activity requiring a reasonable
level of automaticity in recalling and applying fundamental number skills.
This workbook provides handy strategies to teach skills that students need to
perform subtractions. Students are encouraged to master basic subtraction
facts by learning simple computations techniques. The application of correct
strategies will give the students confidence and encouragement to apply this
knowledge and skills to solve simple problems and to develop a positive
disposition towards mathematics.
Combination of hand on strategies and techniques makes learning number
facts easier and less frustrating. Using fingers as a substitute for a number line
is such a strategy. We do not have a number line in our pocket, but we have 10
fingers ready to be used whenever the need arises. Just as we use the number
line to understand and learn the basic mathematical calculations, the fingers
help us to learn, memorise and recall accurately all the useful number facts.
13 - 4 = 9
To subtract 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is best to apply count back strategy using either fingers
or a dot pattern as a tool.
For example:
II
Jays Education
9 8 7
11 - 4 =
10
11
Using Fingers to Count On
12 - 7 =
Put the fingers in a fist. touch the fist saying 7 and then count
on saying 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, opening one finger after another
(starting with the thumb) until the word 12, then count the open
fingers to find the answer 5.
9 10 11
12
8
7 + 5 = 12 therefore 12 - 7 = 5
15 - 8 =
15
11 12
10
13
14
8 + 7 = 15 therefore 15 - 8 = 7
7 fingers are open, the answer is 7.
I have used these two strategies for many years. As the children loose
their fear of recalling the correct number fact, their computation strategy
becomes more meaningful, and the recall becomes automatic,
the students actually became competent learners.
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III
7 25 = 5
8 3 6= 5
5
8
7
6
6 43 = 2
4
9 5 5= 4
At first the students make the dots as they count, then they touch the numerals
as if to make the dots to count.
Later they recall the patterns and the matching number facts.
The dot strategy can be applied to single digit horizontal subtraction as well as to
vertical subtraction of multiple digit numbers.
Two digit application, no regrouping:
46
23
23
695
243
452
6 13
73
36
37
IV
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or
or
10 11 12
10 11 12
Step 2.
Choose your worksheet (page).
Step 3 A.
Pick up tile number 1 and place it under or next
to the number 1 problem. Work out the difference,
and look for the answer at the bottom of the page.
The number under the answer is the code number
to look for in the grid of the LUK box. Place the tile
on that number. Take the tile number 2 , look for the answer and the LUK code
number and place the tile on that number in the box. Work out all the problems,
find the code numbers and place the tiles on the correct squares.
Step 3 B.
Some of the worksheets have only the answers at the
bottom, not the code numbers. Pick up tile number 1
and place it under or next to the number 1 problem.
Work out the difference and write the answer. Find this
number on the base of the miniLUK box. Place the tile
number 1 on that number. Continue in the same way
until all 12 problems are solved and the 12 tiles are
transferred from the lid to the bottom of the miniLUK box.
Step 4.
When finished and all tiles are placed on the correct
squares, the task is completed. Close the lid of the
box and turn the Mini LUK over sideways. Open the
lid and a geometrical pattern will be formed by the
back of the tiles.
10 11 12
10
12
15 11
10
Step 5.
Match the pattern in the box with the pattern on the bottom of the page
and colour match the pattern.
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68
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Answers
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65
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57
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LUK code
10
12
11
No regrouping yet.
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84
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66
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84
20
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54
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LUK code
10
11
12
No regrouping yet.
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57
12
Answers
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32
24
27
57
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22
43
26
45
LUK code
11
12
10
No regrouping yet.
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98
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LUK code
11
10
12
No regrouping yet.
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49
23
12
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30
28
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33
26
75
83
12
LUK code
10
12
11
No regrouping yet.
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89
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99
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59
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36
24
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48
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Answers
43
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12
42
71
41
46
28
37
68
64
38
LUK code
12
10
11
No regrouping yet.
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990
20
LUK code
360
40
11
260
20
190
60
10
180
30
880
50
390
10
690
70
570
60
Answers
750
40
480
50
570
20
12
430 130 380 620 830 970 320 510 710 550 240 150
7
12
10
11
No regrouping yet.
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820
110
LUK code
11
650
200
745
320
10
784
342
870
430
456
310
560
210
255
132
Answers
340
230
999
430
840
230
259
124
12
569 135 610 350 110 710 123 425 146 440 442 450
9
11
12
10
No regrouping yet.
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30
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90
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80
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Answers
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10
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Answers
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LUK code
11
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LUK code
10
11
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15
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Answers
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LUK code
10
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Answers
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26
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35
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32
LUK code
11
10
12
17
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90
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34
63
27
10
94
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61
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93
75
71
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73
74
68
80
58
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Answers
14
45
36
18
17
25
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47
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LUK code
12
11
10
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74
35
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41
24
10
63
29
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31
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43
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12
Answers
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34
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35
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LUK code
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11
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19
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100
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11
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100
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100
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100
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100
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Answers
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25
29
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45
52
67
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11
LUK code
10
11
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Jays Education
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200
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300
24
400
42
11
600
26
500
36
10
100
25
200
52
400
43
100
63
500
32
400
25
100
22
12
Answers
LUK code
21
11
10
12
Jays Education
200
45
300
24
400
42
11
600
26
500
36
10
100
25
200
52
400
43
100
63
500
32
400
25
100
22
12
Answers
LUK code
11
10
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22
400
25
LUK code
23
600
54
11
700
24
200
43
10
300
45
600
43
400
21
900
52
400
121
Answers
500
42
800
34
400
41
12
379 359 458 546 157 375 557 279 848 676 255 766
3
11
12
10
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80
LUK code
470
80
11
450
70
350
60
10
520
60
200
90
340
70
500
90
120
30
Answers
420
90
210
60
570
90
12
150 110 380 480 230 330 290 410 90 270 460 390
4
11
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10
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930
50
860
80
950
90
11
710
80
820
60
10
840
50
730
50
630
50
620
90
780
90
920
50
650
60
12
Answers
590 760 630 860 780 680 870 690 790 880 530 580
LUK code
12
25
10
11
Jays Education
783
80
LUK code
190
48
11
250
33
380
36
10
430
25
570
59
673
50
760
27
891
70
Answers
952
40
980
71
250
24
12
821 511 142 623 226 703 405 733 912 344 909 217
9
10
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12
11
26
840
20
LUK code
27
800
160
11
770
90
900
250
10
650
80
310
140
680
60
630
130
420
50
Answers
300
30
800
220
350
170
12
650 270 180 570 500 820 580 170 370 640 680 620
7
11
12
10
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400
192
LUK code
400
277
11
800
389
500
183
10
300
196
900
781
600
493
900
387
800
296
Answers
600
388
800
599
600
395
12
107 201 205 504 119 208 317 104 212 411 513 123
7
11
12
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10
28
100
73
200
188
700
317
300
69
400
234
300
149
200
44
100
26
10
500
153
11
400
125
300
247
600
523
12
Answers
27
74 156 231
LUK code
11
10
29
12
Jays Education
600
326
LUK code
900
805
11
500
298
800
754
10
700
608
500
345
400
315
300
149
600
458
Answers
200
174
800
482
900
595
12
11
12
Jays Education
10
95
92
46
30
840
200
830
280
LUK code
31
720
500
11
800
420
900
630
10
910
400
960
600
310
280
720
550
590
300
Answers
630
500
430
380
12
290 130 270 380 50 640 220 30 170 550 360 510
2
11
12
10
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1000
320
1000
570
11
1000
140
1000
610
1000
890
10
1000
600
LUK code
1000
960
1000
440
1000
730
Answers
1000
280
1000
300
1000
500
12
270 400 110 680 700 40 430 500 860 390 720 560
3
10
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1000
330
1000
520
1000
750
1000
400
Answers
LUK code
33
250 10
9
1000
630
1000
860
10
11
1000
180
1000
490
1000
940
1000
270
1000
700
1000
990
12
10
11
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1200
849
300
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Answers
LUK code
11
900
595
12
500
153
11
1000
84
1000
931
10
1000
608
1000
778
400
315
300
149
600
458
100
26
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34
Students name:
As you finish each page, colour in and tick off the LUK pattern.
Page
Pattern
Date Page
Pattern
Date Page
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VI
Pattern
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Date
www.jayseducation.com
LUK Self Checking System
Jays
Education
ISBN 978-1-921622-79-3
*hIB9C1|WS XZt