1.

1
, .
,
.
1.2
(APF) .


1.3
a R

1.4
HCP
c/a .
3 1
2 .

c a 2 .
,

c
8

a
3

c 2

2 3
2
a 2
a
a
3
2
3

2
8
a
a
3
3

1.633

1.5
-Fe , a 4 R 0.286nm
3

1.6
Nb 92.91g/mol .
FCC ,
n 4 , a 2 2R

nA
nA
(4atoms)(92.91g / mol )

9.33g / cm3
3
8
3
23
VC N A (2 2 R) N A (8)(2 2)(1.43 10 cm) (6.023 10 atoms / mol )

BCC ,
n 2 , a 4R / 3

nA
nA
(2atoms)(92.91g / mol )

8.57 g / cm3
VC N A (4 R / 3)3 N A (64 / 3 3)(1.43 108 cm)3 (6.023 1023 atoms / mol )

BCC .
1.7

1.8
A
x,y,z = 1, 1, -1
: 1, 1, -1
Miller :
B
x,y,z = 1, 1/2, 1/2
: 1, 2, 2
Miller :
C
x,y,z = 1/2, 1/2, -1
: 2, 2, -1
Miller :
1.9

= 1

1.10
<101> =
1.11
(1)[110]
=

2R
0.61
4R 2 / 3

(2) [111]
4R
=
1
4R
1.12
A:
B:
C:
D:
E:
1.13

Ni FCC ,