9.

1
:
-

Cr 11~18%, C 0.12% , .

, ,

:
-

(950 ~1050)

:
-

18 wt% Cr-8 wt% Ni Ni-Cr

.

400~800

:
-

Ni, Cr Al, Ti, Cu, Mo, P ,

.

9.2
. .
Cr C 70% Cr
12 wt%Cr . ,
400~850
(chromium carbide) : Cr23C6 ,
(chromium depleted zone)
. (sensitization) ,
(heat affected zone, HAZ) weld decay .
9.3
(yiekd ratio) . 60%
70% .

. Mn, Si, Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, V, Ti, B
, 60/
, ,
.
9.4
PH (PH stainless steels) ,
, (Cr23C6), , NiAl, Cu

 ,
. ,
.
9.5
,
. , , ,
.
9.6

Ni : ,
Cr : ,
Mo : , ,
W : ,
Si : , , .
Ti, Al, W, Zr :

Ti, Cr, W, Mo, V :

Mo, W, Cr, Si, Mn, Ni :
Al, V, Ti, Zr, Cr :
Cr, Ni, Mn, Mo, W, Si :
P, Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, W, Mo :
9.7

1)
-
- P, S .
- . , ,
. Si<0.35%, Mn<0.50%, P, S<0.030%,
Cu<0.30%, Ni<0.25%, Cr<0.20%. 760~820 (), 150~200
.
2)
- , , , , , 1
- W : , Cr : , Mo : ,

V : , Ni :

-
- , , ,

3)
- , , , ,
- 18%, 4%, 1%.
- W, Mo .
4)
- .
- .
9.8
()

9.9
:
= P/A P I,
H . ,
, , , , .
9.10

, , , .

: .

: ,

9.11
- Ni, Mn -60 Fe P -60
0.
- 0.1wt% C Ni
.
-